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http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/automatic-transfer-system-explained-in-details-part-1#manual-mode[14/03/2016 00:25:27]
http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/automatic-transfer-system-explained-in-details-part-1#manual-mode[14/03/2016 00:25:27]
In Figure 1, the automatic transfer logic provides the decision-making for what
automaticoperations are to happen, and when. It controls the operation of the two transfer
circuit breakers,CB-UM and CB-GM, and receives status inputs from those breakers. It
also can initiategenerator startup for the alternate power source.
Voltage transformers, or VTs, step the system voltages down toinstrumentation levels that
can be used by these relays. A user interface allows the adjustment ofcertain operating
parameters of the system, and updates the user onthe status of the system.
Using this example system, the operational requirements of a typical automatic
transfer systemwill be examined.
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Modes of Operation //
An essential requirement of anyautomatic transfer system is the ability to have different
modes ofoperation. In a given mode of operation, the transfer system will respond in a
given way tochanging system conditions. For a different mode of operation, the transfer
system will responddifferently.
Two basic modes of operation, which any automatic transfer system must have, are:
1. Manual Mode
2. Automatic Mode
In the manual mode, the automatic transfer system does not perform any automatic
operations, i.e., it does not respond to changing system conditions. All circuit breaker
operations must bemanually performed. Conversely, in the automatic mode of operation
all operations, with a fewemergency exceptions, are automatic, and the system will
respond automatically to changingsystem conditions.
On the surface, this appears to be a simple arrangement, and to some extent this is true.
Such questions are not always easy to answer. In fact, they necessitate, in a well-designed
automatic transfer system, the inclusion of a third mode of operation, typically known as
auto mode failure.
The three modes of operation then typically work as follows:
1. Manual mode
2. Automatic mode
3. Auto mode failure
1. Manual Mode
Selected via a selector switch position or other pre-determined user inputvia the user
interface. No automatic operations occur.
Go back to ATS Operation Modes
2. Automatic Mode //
Selected via a selector switch position or other pre-determined userinput via the user
interface. Attempting to enter automatic mode if the system conditionsare not correct
places the system into Auto Mode Failure.
http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/automatic-transfer-system-explained-in-details-part-1#manual-mode[14/03/2016 00:25:27]
This arrangement provides a high level of security for the transfer scheme,
i.e., undesired ornuisance operations are minimized, enhancing safety,
maintainability, and reliability of thesystem.
Of necessity, to make this mode logic arrangement function properly the breaker status
mustconsist both of breaker open-closed indication and, for drawout circuit breakers,
circuit breakercell switch indication.
Circuit breaker cell switches are a feature which must not be overlooked asthey are
essential for the proper function of an automatic transfer scheme with drawout
circuitbreakers. For the same reason overcurrent trip switches for low-voltage circuit
breakers orlockout relays for medium-voltage circuit breakers are also required.
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http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/automatic-transfer-system-explained-in-details-part-1#manual-mode[14/03/2016 00:25:27]
Article Tags //
About Author //
Edvard Csanyi
Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP.
Highly specialized for design of LV high power busbar trunking
(<6300A) in power substations, buildings and industry fascilities.
Designing of LV/MV switchgears.
Professional in AutoCAD
programming and web-design.
Present on Google+
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