(Source Q-1 November 2003)

(a)(i) acceleration (allow a definition of acceleration) ............................

B1

(ii) the velocity is decreasing or force/acceleration is in negative

direction accept body is decelerating/slowing down ...............

B1

(b) (i) e.g. separation of dots becomes constant/does not continue to

increase (must make a reference to the diagram) ........................

(c)

B1

(ii)1 distance = 132 cm........................................................................

B1

(ii)2 at constant speed, distance travelled in 0.1 s = 25 cm

(allow 1 cm)...............................................................................

C1

distance = 132 + (4 x 25)

= 232 cm ......................................................................

[2]

A1

[4]

s = ut + ()at2
1.6 = () x 9.8 x t2 (allow g = 10 m s-2 ............................................

C1

t = 0.57 s......................................................................................

C1

hence 6 photographs (bald answer scores 2 marks only) ...........

A1

[3]

(Source Q-2 November 2003)

2

(a)

mass: measure of bodys resistance/inertia to changes in

velocity/motion .............................................................................
weight: effect of gravitational field on mass or force of gravity .....
any further comment e.g. mass constant, weight varies/
weight = mg/scalar and vector .....................................................

(b)

e.g. where gravitational field strength changes

(change) in fluid surrounding body. 1 each, max 2 ...................

B1
B1
B1

[3]

B2

[2]

(Source Q-3 November 2005 collected from examiners report)

3

(a) Most candidates correctly defined acceleration, with few confusing velocity and speed.
(b) Although most candidates explained, with varying degrees of clarity, that the stone is
accelerating because the direction is changing continuously and that velocity has magnitude and direction,
therewere many who decided that the stone is not accelerating because the speed is constant.
(c) There were some very clear correct solutions based on either scale drawings or vertical and horizontal
resolution or the use of the cosine and sine rules. Many candidates ignored completely the components of
forces in the vertical direction and offered no justification for the assumption that the resultant would be in

the horizontal direction. A common error was to quote an angle on the answer line that could not be
identified from any diagram e.g. 55.
(Source Q-4 November 2005 collected from examiners report)
4

(a)(i) Many answers for the initial acceleration were derived from the co-ordinates of a point on the curve
within the first 0.1 s of the motion. Usually, such answers failed to explain that this is an approximation to
the gradient at time t = 0. Very few candidates stated that what is required is the gradient of the tangent at
the origin.
(ii) There were some good clear calculations based on the area below the curve. However, many did not
make it clear how they were attempting to find the distance. Others used the equations for uniformly
accelerated motion.
(b)(i) Almost all candidates were able to calculate the acceleration, based on their answer to (a)(i). The
most common error was a failure to convert the mass in g to kg.
(ii) There were some good descriptions where candidates correctly related the variation of the resultant
force to the acceleration of the trolley, as evidenced by the gradient of the tangent. Unfortunately, some did
not read the question and described the variation of the acceleration, not the force. A significant number,
however, thought that the force would increase from time t = 0 to time t = 0.3 s and then would
subsequently decrease.

(Source: Q-3 May 2005)

5

(a)

(i)

Ep = mgh
= 0.602 9.8 0.086
= 0.51 J A1 [2]
(do not allow g = 10, m = 0.600 or answer 0.50 J)

C1

(ii) v2 = (2gh =) 2 9.8 0.086 or (2 x 0.51)/0.602

v = 1.3 (m s-1)
(b) 2 V = 602 1.3 (allow 600)
V = 390 m s-1
(c)

Ek = ()mv2
= 0.002 3902
= 152 J or 153 J or 150 J

(i)

(ii)

Ek not the same/changes

or Ek before impact>Ek after/Ep after
so must be inelastic collision
(allow 1 mark for bullet embeds itself in block etc.)

(Source: Q-3 November 2004)

M1
A0

[1]

C1
A1

[2]

A1

[2]

M1
A1

[2]

C1

(a) constant gradient/straight line

B1

[1]

(b)

A1
A1
C1

[2]

(i) 1.2 s
(ii) 4.4 s
(c) either use of area under line or h = average speed x time
h = x (4.4 1.2) x 32
= 51.2 m A1
(allow 2/3 marks for determination of h = 44 m or h =58.4 m
allow 1/3 marks for answer 7.2 m)
(d)

p = mv
OR
= 0.25 x (28 + 12)
= 10 N s

C1
[3]

p = mv

C1
C1
A1

[3]

B1
B1

[2]

(answer 4 N s scores 2/3 marks)

(e) (i) total/sum momentum before = total/sum momentum after
in any closed system
(ii) either the system is the ball and Earth
momentum of Earth changes by same amount
but in the opposite direction
or Ball is not an isolated system/there is a force on the ball
Gravitational force acts on the ball
causes change in momentum/law does not apply here
(if explains in terms of air resistance, allow first mark only)

B1
B1
B1
(B1)
(B1)
(B1)

[3]

(Source: Q-1 May 2004)

(a) scalar: magnitude only

vector: magnitude and direction (allow scalar with direction)
(allow 1 mark for scalar has no direction, vector has direction)

B1
B1

[2]

(b) diagram has correct shape

with arrows in correct directions
resultant = 13.2 0.2 N (allow 2 sig. fig)
(for 12.8 13.0 and 13.4 13.6, allow 1 mark)
(calculated answer with a correct sketch, allow max 4 marks)
(calculated answer with no sketch no marks

M1
A1
A2

[4]

Total

[6]

B1

B1
[2]

A1

C1
[2]

(Source: Q-3 May 2004)

8

(a) (i) scatter of points (about the line)

(ii) intercept (on t2 axis)
(note that answers must relate to the graph)
(b) (i) gradient = y/ x = (100 0)/(10.0 0.6)
gradient = 10.6 (cm s-2) (allow 0.2)

(Read points to within 1/2 square. Allow 1 mark for 11 cms-2

i.e. 2 sig fig, -1. Answer of 10 scores 0/2 marks)

(ii)s = ut +(1/2)at2
so acceleration = 2 x gradient
acceleration = 0.212 m s-2
[3]

B1

B1
B1

Total [7]
(Source: Q-4 May 2004)
9

(a) (i) (p =) mv

B1

(ii) Ek =(1/2)mv2

B1

algebra leading to
Ek = p2/2m
(b) (i) p = 0.035 (4.5 + 3.5)
= 0.28 N s

M1
OR
a = (4.5 + 3.5)/0.14
= 57.1 m s-2

A0

[3]
C1

force = p/ t (= 0.28/0.14)
OR
F = ma (= 0.035 x 575.1) (allow e.c.f.)
C1
= 2.0 N
A1
Note: candidate may add mg = 0.34 N to this answer, deduct 1 mark
upwards
B1
[4]
(ii) loss =1/2 x 0.035 (4.52 3.52)
= 0.14 J
(No credit for 0.282/(2 x 0.035) = 1.12 J)
(c) e.g. plate (and Earth) gain momentum
i.e. discusses a 'system'
equal and opposite to the change for the ball
i.e. discusses force/momentum
so momentum is conserved
i.e. discusses consequence
[3]

A1

C1
[2]

B1
M1
A1

Total [12]

(November 2002 Question 3 Collected from examiners report)

10
(a) This part of the question was done well. Most candidates used either the
appropriate area on the
graph or an equation for linear motion. Where a value for the acceleration was
required, either that
deduced from the graph or the acceleration of free fall was considered to be
acceptable.

(b) In general, answers here were poor. The majority of candidates either failed to
identify correctly
the region of the graph for which the ball was in contact with the plate or failed to
take into account
the change in direction when calculating the change in velocity of the ball.
(c) It was common to find that, where candidates attempted to find the average rate
of change of
momentum, they used an incorrect value for the time of contact. Some calculations
were based on
use of the formula F = ma. Although this may be appropriate, many answers involved
the
acceleration of free fall or only the acceleration during the linear change of velocity
during contact.

(May 2002 Question 4 collected from examiners report )

11

(a) This section could be answered either by energy considerations or by use of an

equation of motion. Both approaches were equally acceptable and the majority of
answers were correct. Candidates should be discouraged from using the value of 10
m s-2 for g, unless they are told to do so or they are carrying out an estimate. Using g
= 10 m s-2 and then giving an answer to three significant figures is clearly incorrect.
(b) In part (i), most candidates actually calculated 90% of the kinetic energy and then
equated this with the change in gravitational potential energy. This involved much
work and was unnecessary. They should have realised that the new potential energy
would be 90% of the initial potential energy and hence the ball would rises to 0.9
times the initial height. It was not uncommon to find, either here or in (c), that the
mass was not expressed in kilograms. In part (ii), those who had completed part (i)
were usually able to complete this calculation.

(c) Answers here were disappointing. With very few exceptions, candidates did not
appreciate the
vector nature of momentum and consequently subtracted the final momentum from
the initial value. Clearly, the consideration of direction should be emphasised.
(d) Answers to this section were very disappointing. In general, it was stated that
momentum had not been conserved and consequently the collision is inelastic.
Others realised that momentum must be conserved and then said that the change
calculated is small! There appears to be little
understanding that momentum is conserved only in a complete system. Candidates
were expected to make reference to the Earth/plate and that the Earth/plate
experiences a change in momentum equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to
that of the ball.
Answers: (a) 5.6 m s-1; (b)(i) 1.4 m, (ii) 5.3 m s-1; (c) 0.80 N s.

(Source: November 2001 Question 1 & Question 2 , collected from examiners report)
12

Most answers included a reference to mass as a measure of resistance to change in velocity.

Also, some reference was made to gravity when discussing weight. Frequently it was not made
clear that weight is a force. For four marks, (as indicated on the question paper), it was expected
that some further detail would be given, e.g vector/scalar nature, constant/variable quantities.

13

(a) Although the Paper included the instruction to explain the working, many answers contained
only a calculation of the gradient and a statement that this is the value of g. Candidates who
started by giving the relevant equation of motion usually recognised the gradient as being g. It
was pleasing to note that few candidates attempted to use a single point on the graph.
(b) In many scripts it was apparent that there is confusion between random and systematic
errors. The stating of a systematic error was not given any credit.
Answer: (a) 9.8 m s-2.

(Source: May 2003 Ques.-2 )

14

(a) (i)distance from a (fixed) point.........................................................

in a specified direction .................................................................
(Allow 1 mark for distance in a given direction)
(ii) (displacement from start is zero if) car at its starting position.....
[3]

M1
A1
B1

(b) (i)1 v2 = u2 +2as

282 = 2 x a x 450 (use of component of 450 scores no marks) .....
C1
a = 0.87 m s-2 ...............................................................................
A1
[2]
(-1 for 1 sig. fig. but once only in the question)

C1
A1

(i)2 v = u + at or any appropriate equation

28 = 0.87t or appropriate substitution...........................................
t = 32 s .......................................................................................
[2]
(i)3 Ek = mv2 ....................................................................................

C1
A1

[2]

= x 800 x 282
= 3.14 x 105 J...........................................................................

(i)4 Ep = mgh....................................................................................
C1

= 800 x 9.8 x 450 sin5 ...........................................................

= 3.07 x 105 J ........................................................................
[3]

C1
A1

(ii) power = energy/time ....................................................................

C1
[3]

=(6.21 x 105)/32.2 .............................................................

= 1.93 x 104 W ..................................................................
(power = Fv with F = mg sin scores no marks)

C1
A1

M1
A1

(iii) some work also done against friction forces.................................

location of frictional forces identified ............................................
[2]
(allow reasonable alternatives)