COLLEDGE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

___________________________________________________________________________
SEMESTER 2 2015/2016
EEEB403 CAPSTONE DESIGN
CONCEPT GENERATION 2

COMPANY NAME: UNICAP CONSULTANCY

PROJECT MANAGER(LEADER): Wan Muhammad Arif Fikri Bin Wan
Asmadi(EP091011)
PROJECT MANAGER:

Leyshya A/P Mayakrishnan (EE090986)

PROJECT MANAGER:

Mohamad Syafiq Bin Abdullah (EE089872)

PROJECT MANAGER:

Mohamad Amirul Ariff BinZainal Ariffin

(EP091151)

PROJECT MANAGER:

Abdalla Badawi Abdalla Eolhag (EE091361)

Project Title:

Electrical And Communication Services For Hotel

ADVISOR:

Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Bin Ahmad

DATE:

19/11/2015

ELECTRIC & POWER SERVICE

In this concept generation, we focus on power saving for electrical and power service
design. For this matter there are several changes in the electrical design. Mainly we will limit
the electricity use at particular time and also, using the energy saving appliances.
For Energy saving electrical appliances, we will apply at Water Heater, Refrigerator
and Lighting. Depending on the environment, climate and weather condition, we will adjust
the power supply to these devices. During daytime, we will use less light and the intensity of
the light lighting will be reduce. Furthermore we will use Light emitting Diode (LED) or
Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) for reducing power loss and consume. This will reduce the
power consumption greatly. Since Malaysia is hot climate, and during noon the temperature
is 90 Fahrenheit, we can use that to heat the water. Below are the changes we will do to each
of the appliances;
Hot water

Do not overheat hot water. A temperature of 60C is ideal: it provides

comfortable hot water and is hot enough to kill legionella bacteria.
Consider fitting spray water taps, as they use less hot water and energy.
Make sure that leaking taps are repaired promptly.
Ensure that pipework is well insulated.

Lighting

Install occupancy and daylight sensors so that your lights are only on
when required.
Use low-energy lighting. Replace tungsten GLS lamps and T12
fluorescent tubes with much more energy efficient items such as T5
tubes or compact fluorescent or LED lamps. These could help you
reduce the electricity you consume for lighting by up to 80%.
Furthermore, some of the newer bulb types last more than eight times
longer than tungsten GLS lamps, and, as they produce less heat, they
will put less strain on the cooling required from your air conditioning
system.

Refrigeration

Defrost fridges regularly; check the seals on cold rooms and fridges;
and keep condensers and evaporators clean.
When replacing or buying new, look for energy efficient units such as
those that are A rated. If possible, buy A++ units, as they have the
lowest electrical running costs.
Keep fridge doors closed as much as possible.

For purpose of energy saving, we will also use any opportunity to generate energy that
can compensate some of the energy that we use in the hotel. One of the opportunity is using
piezo electrical application. Piezo electrical application means using any mechanical stress

and convert it to electricity. We can apply this to foot stepping by customer. When customer
step a certain place, it will trigger the system, and the system will convert the stress to
electricity. We can place this system to the entrance of the hotel or main ladder for maximum
outcome.

We will also use energy saving electrical network for least power loss during
transmission. For these part we will use wiring that can lessen the power loss especially the
highest floor which is the longest area from transformer and main switch. We also design the
electrical network to be shortest as possible.

Power Grid

Sub Switch Board

(Ground Floor & 4th
Floor)

Control operating
Electrical
appliances
performance
Water Heater
According
to
weather

Step down
Transformer

Main Switch
Board

Each Electrical
Aplliances

Lighting
Power
Saving
Wiring Network
Electrical And Power
and Material

Service Saving

Piezo Electrical
Refrigeration
System

Electrical Appliance
Lighting
Refrigeration
Water Heater
Electrical Network
Others

Before (%)
After (%)
30
10- 15
5
3
20
15-16
3
1-2
15
10-12
Power Consumption Improvement Estimation

COMMUNICATION & ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEMS

Communication and entertainment
Now a days people are taking communication very seriously. Business, sports,
entertainment and even politics are depending on communication every building even a
simple house are considering having a good communication system, in a 5 star hotel
communication plays a very important role in assessment the hotel or ranking the hotel as 5
star , in this concept generation we will focus on saving energy and reduce its impact to the
very minimum.
Ethernet
Wire internet is going to be used in every room providing Ethernet. Each room will be given
a number of Ethernet ports depending on the number of its beds; a coaxial cable is going to
be provided in each room depending on the number of its bed too.
A similar design to the design below is going to be applied in the hotel rooms:

An Rj-45 coaxial cable(CAT.5e which providing a speed 10Gbps for a 100 meter ) is going to
be used and a Rj45 Splitter Adapter, and since the distance is not 100 meter then a shorter
cables are going to be provided ( 1 meter and half meter cable ) providing a better speed. To
make this look more like a 5 star service a two type of cable holders as below (depending on
the room size):

Rj45 cable
TA-7000 | DeskSpool ProUnique, stylish design features a retractable 1.8 mtr slimline
Ethernet cable, which retracts back when not in use. Heavily weighted for product stability.
An instantly recognizable Internet connection point for your guests.

ConferenceHub TA-6500

ConferenceHubThe TeleAdapt ConferenceHub - a multi-connection high-speed Internet

access point/networking hub is the streamlined, plug-and-play solution to "cord clutter." Now
you can quickly and easily connect up to four computers to your network via
ConferenceHub's patented ThinLine flat, retractable cords. No user patch cables or
adapters needed! Meetings and conferences get underway more quickly, boosting efficiency
and productivity. Need network access for more than four devices? Link multiple
ConferenceHub units together to create a chain of connection points!

All this will be provided with AMP RJ45 Cat5e RJ11 Data Socket Face Plate Network

Ethernet Wall Outlet 4 Ports

Wireless internet is going to be applied in the general areas like lobby and swimming pool.

Telephones:
A hotel requires a unique type of internal and external communication network, and although
some smaller hotels and guest houses can use basic business telephone systems, there are a
number of useful innovations and modern applications that enhance the guest experience and
the operational ease of the hotel. These applications enable hotels to offer guests standard
phone based services such as wake up calls, reminders, and the ability to make external calls
that are automatically connected to the hotel billing system, as well as to customize the
phones in their rooms to suit personal preferences.
Telephone systems for hotels, also referred to as hospitality phone systems, will normally
have the same functionality as a business telephone system but with additional hotel specific
functions and applications. Additional features can include front desk telephones that
communicate guest-specific information (e.g. check out times, special requests) directly to
the receptionist, enabling him/her to manage these requests directly from a touch screen
handset.
A high quality telephone system for hotels can best be seen as an extension of a computer
network operated by handsets rather than keyboards. Well known manufacturers that
specialize in telephone systems for hotels include Mitel, Cisco and NEC. With almost 30
years of experience in providing business telephone systems, Mitel has a very large hotel
client base that has enabled them to develop a range of products designed to suit any size
hotel.
Mitel communications solutions allow hoteliers to focus on managing guest experience and
hotel operations. Mitels technology has the flexibility to adapt to guest and staff
requirements with a minimum of management overhead. MiVoice Business has a unique
architecture enabling support of traditional and IP communications, fixed and wireless. This
approach allows hoteliers to benefit from IP communications whilst protecting investment in
traditional telephony. A range of embedded hospitality features include:

Voicemail
Auto attendant
Recorded announcements
Record a call
Music on hold to provide a simple, easily managed solution

In addition, they maintain relationships with many other hospitality technology partners to
ensure your systems are compatible. Mitel MiVoice 5505 Guest IP Phone is the ideal solution
for users who need to deploy IP phones to guest rooms. This phone includes the following
features:

Guest programmable options (e.g. alarm, multiple language settings volume and

ringer control)
Supports up to 3 extension handsets for guests in a suit of rooms
Voicemail and message-waiting features.

In rooms
Every room will have a screen that capable to be connected with any types of digital devices
and an Astro device will be connected too, a Jacuzzi tub and water heater.
Indoor activities
A children gaming room will be designed , a club where clients can play pool and watch
football matches , restaurants that can provide both local and international food , a theatre ,
cinema and a spa.
Outdoor activates
Sport facilities such as swimming pool and tennis courts, and since Terengganu is beach
located place beach activities will have a major part in our entertainment design such as
fishing activities scuba diving and traditional boats riding (bedor).

SAFETY & SECURITY SYSTEM

Using IP surveillance solutions to reduce energy consumption
The fact that most CCTV deployments today make inefficient use of the energy they consume
is hardly a surprise. With industry research estimates that more than 50 percent of the energy
used in the server room goes to power and cooling equipment rather than computations and
processing, the true costs of running excess servers and storage are not well understood.
With the above in mind, it goes without saying that when deploying a video surveillance
system, best efforts should be taken to reduce the number of servers required. This makes
sense not only for the environment, but also for the pocket book. To this point, IP surveillance
offers clear advantages over analogue CCTV or DVR deployments with significant savings
as a result of sharing existing network infrastructure, computation and storage.
IP surveillance software plays an important role in helping to reduce the hardware footprint.
Here are eight factors that contribute to a positive environmental and operational impact with
IP surveillance software.

Camera density per server

With CCTV deployments, typical security camera density ranges from 4 to 32 channels per
DVR, and come in increments of 4 or 8 channels. Consequently, numerous physical servers
are necessary since the total number of cameras exceeds one server. With IP video
surveillance software, more than 200 surveillance cameras can be managed and recorded
using a single, energy efficient server, which normally takes 2U of rack space (about half the
typical rack space of a single 16 channel DVR).
Take an example of a 70-camera deployment. In this scenario, three 4U DVRs can be
replaced by one, industry-standard 2U server running Windows and video surveillance
software. Consequently, energy consumption is reduced by more than $1000 per year when
factoring savings from fewer servers and less cooling requirements. Better still, vital rack
space is returned and re-usable for other projects.

Video analytics and reduced video storage

Video analytics is the capability of automatically analyzing video to detect and determine
temporal and spatial events can play a sizeable role in reducing video storage requirements by
only recording when relevant activity occurs. This, in turn, reduces space and energy
requirements. It should also be noted that video analytics are significantly more accurate at
detecting relevant activity than video motion detection (VMD), which means less storage is
wasted for false events.
In a typical surveillance environment not using video analytics for event-based recording, the
amount of storage required for 16 cameras, storing 24 fps at 640x480 resolution for 7 days
using MPEG-4 is about 20GB per camera. Studies have shown in a difficult outdoor
environment that using video analytics enabled results in storage savings of more than 50%
as compared to DVRs using VMD.
With video analytics, video recordings caused by irrelevant background noise is greatly
reduced, resulting in less disk space required for the same 7-day period. Better still, video
analytics also reduces rack space and electricity dedicated for storage.
Unfortunately, in many cases video analytics is supplied by a different vendor than what was
used for video recording. By adding an additional piece of hardware for analytics, which runs
parallel to the existing recording product (such as a DVR or NVR), it undermines the green
IT strategy by duplicating unnecessary hardware. By using a single software product for both
video management and video analytics, users are able to take full advantage of the costsaving benefits without the corresponding server increase for running analytics.

Video compression with H.264

H.264 is the preferred video encoding compression standard capable of providing good video
quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards. H.264 represents a 50%
reduction in bandwidth and storage over MPEG-4 and an 80% reduction over MJPEG, which
reduce hardware, space and power requirements.

Green licensing

Most video surveillance software vendors offer different license versions depending on
surveillance requirements. The problem is that more often than not, the different software
versions are unable to run on the same server. Users should ensure that each of the available
license versions can be mixed and matched on a single server. This means that the end-user
can choose to run analytics on selected surveillance cameras, and standard video management
software on other cameras without the need to add additional servers.

Power over Ethernet

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology for wired Ethernet local-area networks that allows
the electrical current necessary for the operation of each device to be carried by the data
cables rather than by power cords. This minimises the number of wires that must be strung in
order to install the network. The result is lower cost, less downtime, easier maintenance and
greater installation flexibility than with traditional wiring. Additionally, using PoE it is
possible to provide the data required for network software to reduce enterprise energy
consumption with better power allocation and management.

Remote surveillance and monitoring

Remote surveillance is an effective tool for eliminating unnecessary driving or flying to

verify security alarms and track job-site progress. Consider a construction site that will often
deploy cameras to protect against raw material theft. With video analytics, remote monitoring
personnel can be notified of suspicious activity (e.g. perimeter breach) and verify the security
alarm before sending a guard, or police to drive to the site. The same argument applies for
corporate facility security as well.

Online distribution

A recent study found that digital delivery reduced total tons of carbon emissions by 88%. The
elimination of transportation and packaging provides the greatest opportunity for carbon
emissions reduction. By making products available online via digital download, vendors can
eliminate nearly 100% of the carbon emissions associated with transportation, as shipping is
not required. Additionally, without the need for packaging, online software distribution
eliminates carbon emissions.
Additionally, remote surveillance can be used in place of management driving or flying to
job-sites to track job-site progress. To put the benefit of remote surveillance into perspective,
eliminating just one 50-mile drive, or one three-hour flight saves 88.2 and 1543 lbs. of carbon
dioxide emissions, respectively.
Approaches to green security aren't costly
Incorporating the above mentioned eight approaches will enable us to both reduce energy
consumption and the environmental impact. And saving money via IP video surveillance is a
welcome change from the pervasive mindset that green initiatives must be costly. In fact, we
can be both greener and leaner.

Network Camera System, Indoor/Outdoor Network Cameras

System Package Includes and Features:

1) IP Camera Software
2) 4 Zavio-F3110 IP Security Cameras
Ultra Compact Size
1280 x 720 at 30 frames per second
Progressive Scan CMOS image sensor
4.0mm Fixed Lens
1280 x 720 Megapixel resolution at 30FPS
POE 802.3af Compliant
10 meter / 32 foot IR range
PIR Motion Detection
WDR Enhancement
Micro SD card slot
Built-in web server
0 Lux rating
Built-in Microphone and Speaker for two way audio
53 horizontal angle of view
Remote Viewable from Windows PCs
Remote Viewable from Mac Computers
Wall or Ceiling mounting positions
H.264, MPEG-4 and MJPEG video formats supported

 Compatible with iCamViewer iPhone App

Viewable from 3GPP mobile devices
Multi language interface
Supports ONVIF
64 Channel NVR Software Included
3) 4 Zavio-B6210 IR Bullet IP Camera
1/2.8 Progressive Scan CMOS Image Sensor
1080p HD, 1920 x 1080 at 25 Frames Per Second
H.264 and MJPEG Video Streams
Removable IR Cut Filter
Built-in Infrared / 15 Meter / 45 Foot Effective Range
Fixed 3.6mm Lens
70 Horizontal Field of View
0.05 Lux in Color Mode / 0.005 Lux in B/W Mode
iPhone & iPad Compatible
Free iCamViewer App
Remote View from Mac Computers
Remote View from Windows Computers
Cable Concealing Bracket
Power over Ethernet (IEEE 802.3af)
IP66 Rated Outdoor Housing
64 Channel NVR Software Included

4) 8 Channel NUUO NVR Mini Server (NUUO-NE-4080)

Support for over 200 model IP cameras from leading manufacturers (including

many megapixel cameras)

Compatible with most IP cameras that we sell
Continuous record, record by schedule, manual record, event trigger record,
digital input trigger record
Auto recycling when storage disk is full
Smart Search for events including General motion, Missing object, Foreign

object, Lose focus, Camera occlusion

4 SATA Hard Disk Drive Ports
RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 configuration supported
Audio & video recording in synchronization.
MPEG-4, H.264, MxPEG and M-JPEG compression (depending on IP

camera)
5) 8 Channel POE Network Switch
POE output on all 8 ports
Powers up to 7 POE Devices

112 Watt Total Output

15.4 Watts Per Channel
UL Listed
LED's to provide status feedback
Dimensions - 16cm W x 9.4cm D x 2.1cm H
10/100Mbps RJ-45 ports
IEEE 802.3af Compliant
64KBytes packet buffer
CSMA/CD Compliant
Ethernet: 10Mbps (half-duplex), 20Mbps (full-duplex)
Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps (half-duplex), 200Mbps (full-duplex)
Supports Cat-5/5e up to 100 meters
Power Input: 110 ~ 220 VAC, 50 ~ 60Hz

6) 8 100 Foot Cat5e Cables

100 Foot Cable Length
Gold Plated 50u Short Body Contact
RJ-45 Connector Ends
Ultra High Quality 350MHz Cable
Compatible with all Network IP Cameras
Compatible with PoE Switches and Injectors
24 AWG Pure Base Copper Wire
Compliant with UL Code 444
Compliant with National Electric Code TIA-568-C.2 Fire & Safety Standards
which required bare copper wire
7) Simultaneously live viewing, recording, playback, network

Ground Floor
Location
Stairways
Main Lobby
Right side lobby
Entrance, Exits, Parking
Boat Deck
TOTAL

No of Cameras Needed
6
9
5
5
5
30

1st Floor
Location
Stairways
Main Lobby

No of Cameras Needed
6
6

Walkway 1
Walkway 2
Special Rooms
Boat Deck
TOTAL

2
3
5
5
27

2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Floor

Location
Stairways
Main Lobby
Walkway 3
Walkway 4
TOTAL

No of Cameras Needed
5
5
2
3
15 X 4 = 60

Roof First Floor

Location
Stairways
Others
TOTAL

No of Cameras Needed
5
12
17

Roof Second Floor

Location
Stairways
TOTAL

No of Cameras Needed
2
2

Location
Ground Floor
1st Floor
2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Floor
Roof 1st Floor
Roof 2nd Floor
TOTAL

No of Cameras Needed
30
27
60
17
2
136

Overall

Cost
1 Package (8 Cameras) Price: RM14,025.88
17 Packages needed (136 Cameras)
RM14025.88 X 17 = RM238,439.96

Deluns Hotel Door Lock

Hotel Door Lock main Features:

Lock latches meet international standard, safety and reliable
Inner real time clock; guest card will terminate automatically when leaving time; the
staff card can choose unlocking time
The card has logistic protection of password
Imported micro motor are reliable and of low power consumption.
The lock can memorize the latest 200 entries (including unlocked by mechanical key,
Card, door not properly closed etc.) in order to check and print
Through cipher (system) card, the cipher of the whole lock system can be modified
quickly and easily, effectively enhancing the safety of hotel door locks
Specifications:
Shell material: Steel;
Durable Shock: More than 1000 kg;

 Weight: About 3 kg
Temperature between -20 Degrees to 50 Degrees; Humidity less than or equal to 95%,
Power Supply: DC6V,4 AA alkalescence batteries; Low power alarm at 4.8V+(-)3%

Price of 1 unit : RM240.26

Number of Rooms: 200
Total: RM240.26 X 200 = RM48,052.00
The standby power draw of an ionization smoke detector is so low that a small battery can
provide power for months or years, making the unit independent of AC power supply or
external wiring. However, batteries require regular test and replacement. Ionization detectors
are more sensitive to the flaming stage of fires than optical detectors.

Kidde i9040 Battery-Operated Ionization sensor Compact Smoke Alarm

Key Features:

Battery operated 9V battery included

Test button tests unit's electronic circuitry horn and battery function
Four inch diameter discreet design
Easy installation
Meets the UL requirements and widely-accepted safety standards
9.6 ounces
7 x 6 x 2.5 inches

Where to position the smoke alarm:

On the ceiling
At least 0.5 m from the wall
In the area of the bed

 As far as possible from the bathroom door

Away from the airflow of the HVAC system

How Ionization Smoke Alarm Works:

Ground Floor
Location
Lobby
Special Rooms
Walkway
Parking
Boat Deck
TOTAL

No of Smoke Alarm Needed

8
13
4
5
5
35

1st Floor
Location
Rooms
Special Rooms
Lobby
Boat Deck
Walkway 1
Walkway 2
TOTAL

No of Smoke Alarm Needed

28
9
7
5
3
4
56

2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Floor

Location
Rooms
Lobby
Walkway 3
Walkway 4
TOTAL

No of Smoke Alarm Needed

43
6
3
4
56 X 4 = 224

Roof First Floor

Location
Jacuzzi & Sauna Area
Lobby Lifts
Walkways
Stores & Locker Areas
Other Areas
TOTAL

No of Smoke Alarm Needed

8
2
3
8
5
26

Roof Second Floor

Location
Other Areas
TOTAL

No of Smoke Alarm Needed

2
2

Overall
Location
Ground Floor
1st Floor
2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Floor
Roof 1st Floor
Roof 2nd Floor
TOTAL

No of Smoke Alarm Needed

35
56
224
26
2
343

Cost
Price for 1 unit: RM 37.09
343 units needed
RM 37.09 X 343 = RM12,721.87

Loudspeakers are essential in fire safety system of a hotel. They serve the purpose of voice
evacuation and notification. During fire outbreaks, loudspeakers play a big role as sending
out a voice message warning that an emergency has been reported and to evacuate the
building (often also directing occupants to not use elevators). Voice evacuation systems can
also be used by personnel to give specific live information and/or instructions over the alarm
system using a built-in microphone.
ATC10 Horn Speakers

The Australian Monitor ATC10 speakers are Constant Voltage Horn speakers designed for
rugged and high performance applications. The tough Metal and ABS plastic construction
makes it perfect for outdoor or indoor applications. The units are supplied with supervisory
capacitors to allow monitoring within an emergency evacuation system. The ATC 10 produce
amazing clarity and are an extremely cost effective solution. Possess multiple taps which can
be selected to match the desired power level to be applied to the loudspeaker. Lowest power
tap can be used to reduce power consumption.
Key features include:

Rated Power (RMS):10 W

Power Taps: 10W, 5W, 2.5W, 1.25W, 8 Ohm
Sensitivity 106db(1W 1M)
Freq. Range 300 Hz- 8 KHz
Dispersion 120 degree
Weight 1.3 Kg
Water Protection IP66

Ground Floor
Location
Stairways
Lobby
Walkway
Parking
Boat Deck
TOTAL

No of Loudspeakers Needed
5
2
3
4
4
18

1st Floor
Location
Stairways
Lobby
Walkway 1
Walkway 2
Boat Deck
TOTAL

No of Loudspeakers Needed
5
2
2
3
4
16

2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Floor

Location
Stairways
Lobby
Walkway 3
Walkway 4
TOTAL

No of Loudspeakers Needed
4
2
2
3
11 X 4 = 44

Roof First Floor

Location
Stairways
Walkway
TOTAL

No of Loudspeakers Needed
4
2
6

Roof Second Floor

Location

No of Loudspeakers Needed

Stairways
TOTAL

2
2

Location
Ground Floor
1st Floor
2nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th Floor
Roof 1st Floor
Roof 2nd Floor
TOTAL

No of Loudspeakers Needed
18
16
44
6
2
86

Overall

Cost
Price for 1 unit: RM200.95 X 86
86 units needed
RM200.95 X 86 = RM17,281.70

OVERALL TOTAL COSTING FOR SAFETY & SECURITY SYSTEM

Product
CCTV System
Door Lock
Smoke Alarm
Loud Speaker
TOTAL

Amount (RM)
238,439.96
48,052.00
12,721.87
17,281.70
RM316,495.53

CONCEPT GENERATION 2: AIR-CONDITIONING AND ENERGY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
In this concept generation 2, the main focus of this project is to enhance in the power
management system. Air-Conditioning System consume an average amount of more than
50% of the hotel electricity power. This is consider big, the fact that worlds are facing with
depletion in amount of sources to generate electricity. The key factor towards all this problem
has to be pointed up into air-conditioner. We want to build an absolute 4/5 star hotel but still
we need to count up on the power consumption as it does affect the electricity when
managing the electricity bill later.
1. SPLIT AND PACKAGE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM (INVERTER)
Kiosk 1,2,3
Kitchen
Seminar Room 1, 2, 3
Surau
Restaurant
Sauna 1,2,3,4
Jakuzi
Hotel Type A, B, C, C1

Packaged Air Conditioner

Split Air-Conditioner

The first one to be discuss is about the split air-conditioning system. The demand for heating,
ventilation and air conditioner loads has substantially increased in recent years, and in some
situations this has greatly contributed for changing daily load diagrams. Earlier, we had
already stated that we want a good hotel itemization to lead the hotel into lower power
consumption usage. For a split and package air-conditioner, we were opted to use an inverter
type of air-conditioner. A distinctive characteristic of inverter devices is that when an inverter
system is switched on and the indoor temperature is far from the desired one, the inverter

system runs at high speed, therefore allowing to bring quickly the indoor temperature back to
the desired value (Figure 1) [12].

High speed operation mode sometimes can be called instability mode [12]. A
stability mode happen when the reference temperature and the indoor
temperature has a very small difference thus lead to a slow speed mode. Inverter
use thermostat to vary the temperature around it so that the stability mode
and instability mode will be running. Below are figure on how the inverter
works do. From all discussion being done, inverter does really suit the idea of
reducing the power consumption for the hotel.

Inverter Heating Mode

Inverter Heating Mode

Inverter Cooling Mode

2. CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONER ( HYBRID ALTERNATIVE SOLAR AIRCONDITIONER SYSTEM

Front Desk
Administration Office
Staff Locker Room
Locker room
Storage Receiving Office
House Keeping
Toilet
Lobby
Hotel Corridor

Centralized Air-Conditioner

Air- conditioner system is an air-conditioner that use the highest power

consumption among all A/C. A couple of study had been made by researcher
and designers in order to improve the situation. At first the mainly focus on
improving insulation materials or shell of the building in order to reduce the
heat absorption. Regardless whatever the climate of the location the hotel to be
build, the main things to be controlled is the humidity of the hotel in order to
make the hotel comfortable for its customer. Improving the shell of the
building is not that efficient to encounter power consumption problem. The
alternative hybrid solar air-conditioner system come on top of all our
consideration.

The Hybrid Solar Air-Conditioner

Alternative hybrid solar air-condition has to major part which is solar subsystem and a cooling sub-system [13]. The hybrid solar sub-system consist of
hybrid solar collector, thermal and electrical storages, water-air heat exchanger
(W-A-HX) and an inverter [13]. This alternative hybrid solar air-conditioning
system requires energy to run hybrid desiccant A/C and Vapour Compression
cycle (VCC) using hybrid solar collector [13]. The hybrid solar collector do

consist of concentrating photovoltaic or thermal water collector that

simultaneously produce electricity and heat. The cooling sub-system consist of
desiccant wheel (DW), the enthalpy wheel (EW), and the VCC. This A/C
system will be use on centralized A/C system of our hotel. This alternative
hybrid solar air-conditioner also will be linkup with our renewable energy
system which is the solar system. A reduction of 40-60% of power
consumption will be collected those it does achieve our main target. The figure
below show the exact hybrid solar air-conditioner.

Hybrid Solar Air-Conditioner Setup

CONCEPT GENERATION 2: SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR COMBI

SYSTEMS
One of the most energy intensive for hotel buildings is its domestic hot water (DHW)
supply and heating systems. For this concept generation (CG), we intended to use solar
thermal energy to supply DHW to the hotel guests. Solar combi system is a good solution for
a more focused renewable energy hotel as the price of fuel going up.
Solar combi system is a solar heating insulation to provide DHW which is using
heating energy from either biomass, gas, oil, electricity, or in this case is the sun. In this
system, the cool water will be pumped into a solar thermal collector located on the rooftop of
the hotel which is exposed to the sun. Glass in front of the collector allows it to trap sunlight
and to prevent it from escape, like a greenhouse concept. When enough heat built up, the hot

water will flow into a separated and insulated hot water storage tank. Then from this tank, it
will be supplied to the hotel guestroom, saunas, and swimming pool.

Components:

Solar collector collect heat energy from the sun to warm cold water.
Domestic hot water store act as hot water storage for current and future usage.
Pump to circulate water from tank to collector
Control system control the circulating pump based on temperature sensor.
Boiler act as a backup system to heat water during rainy season.
Insulated pipe to prevent heat loss.

Advantages:

More economical in the long run

Low space demand
Reduce bill and carbon footprint
Suitable for tropical country

Disadvantages:

High initial cost

Complicated installation

When we managed to implement

this system on our hotel, it is safe to say
that we can save more than 13% of energy
consumption of the hotel equal to 45.5kWh
per day if we are still assuming the power
consumption is 350kWh per day. Additionally, the hot water available can also be supplied
for heating system, but in a hot and humid country like Malaysia, the demand might be lower.
Demand and cost calculation:
Hot water consumption for a hotel depends on the number of rooms, occupancy, and
other facilities like sauna room. For a 200 rooms 5 star hotel, it requires 50L storage of hot
water per occupant. Normally, there will be 2 person registered for a room. It is advisable to
calculate the total storage for hot water at 75% occupancy since most of the time, only 50%
rooms are being used. At 75% occupancy, 150 rooms will be filled up and the total storage
for hot water should be 15 000L.

Item
3 x 5000L

Description
Total
Each with a capacity of 5000L for RM50 RM150 000
000 including:

Collector
Storage tank
Pump
controller

References
1. http://www.britishgas.co.uk/business/smarter-working/energy-made-simple/savingenergy/hotels
2. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.uniten.edu.my/science/article/pii/S1876610211
045474
3. http://www.weather.com/weather/tenday/l/Kuala+Lumpur+Malaysia+MYXX0008:1:
MY
4. http://www.nanomotion.com/piezo-ceramic-motor-technology/piezoelectric-effect/
5. Key Renewable Energy (RE) Solutions for SME Hotels. 2011 [ONLINE]. Available:
http://hotelenergysolutions.net/publication/key-renewable-energy-re-solutions-smehotels
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energy efficient resort development in Malaysia, 2011 [ONLINE]. Available:
http://www.
researchgate.net/publication/265051437_Renewable_energy_potential_for_energy_ef
ficient_resort_development_in_Malaysia
7. Baharuddin Ali, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohamad Al Ghoul, Economics of
Domestic Solar Hot Water Heating Systems in Malaysia, 2009 [ONLINE]. Available:
http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm
8. Poorya Ooshaksaraei, Baharudin Ali, Sohif Mat, M. Yahya, Kamaruzamanibrahim,
Azami Zaharim, Kamaruzaman Sopian, Large Scale Solar Hot Water Heating
Systems for Green Hospital, [ONLINE]. Available:
https://www.academia.edu/914774/Large_scale_solar_hot_
water_heating_systems_for_green_hospital
9. How much a Solar Water Heater Cost. 2011 [ONLINE]. Available: http://www.
solarwaterheatermalaysia.com.my/how-much-a-solar-water-heater-cost/
10. 500L to 10000L Solar Water Heating System (for school, hotel, hospital). [ONLINE].
Available: http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/500L-to-10000L-Solar-WaterHeating_ 950827996 .html
11. Hotel Hot Water. 2012 [ONLINE]. Available:
http://www.slideshare.net/TonySweety /hotel-hot-water
12. Y. H. R. R. Ali Al-Alili, "A hybrid solar air conditioner: Experimental," pp. 117-124,
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