RC Detailing to BS 8110

S A Karunaratne
29-01-2013

(I)

Paper & Envelope Sizes & Drawing Sizes

(II)

Title Panel, Scales, Line Thickness & Abbreviations

(III)

Layouts, Axes & Grid Lines & G A Drawings

(IV)

Levels & Dimensions

(V)

Slabs & Beams

(VI)

Columns & Walls

(VII)

Staircases

(IIX)

Corbels & Nibs

(IX)

Footings, Piles & Pile Caps

(X)

Bar Bending Schedules

What is presented ?

(XI) What should be done & what should not be done

Paper & Envelope sizes

ISO 216 sizes

ISO 216 sizes

ISO 269 sizes

(mm x mm)

(mm x mm)

(mm x mm)

Paper - A Series

Paper - B Series

Envelopes - C Series

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10

841
594
420
297
210
148
105
74
52
37
26

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

1189
841
594
420
297
210
148
105
74
52
37

A0 aspect ratio is
1 : 2
& area is 1m2

B0 1000 x
B1 707 x
B2 500 x
B3 353 x
B4 250 x
B5 176 x
B6 125 x
B7
88 x
B8
62 x
B9
44 x
B10 31 x

1414
1000
707
500
353
250
176
125
88
62
44

B0 is 1m to 2m & GM
between A series same
number and one lower

C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10

917
648
458
324
229
162
114
81
57
40
28

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

1297
917
648
458
324
229
162
114
81
57
40

GM between B series
same number & A
series same number

Sizes of Paper A & B & Envelopes C are

defined by halving preceding size

3
A1

A0

A2

Size A Paper fits to same size Envelope e.g., A4 to C4

Size B Paper fits to one number lower size Envelope e.g., B4 to C3

Notes

MA2-4 MA0-1

M A0-1 = 20 Minimum
M A2-4 = 10 Minimum
Design stage
changes

Margin Thickness =
0.5mm minimum

Revisions

Title
Panel

M L = 20mm minimum

105

Drawing Margins & Title Panel

75 - 200

MA2-4 MA0-1

Title Panel should include:

Main & Associated Consultants (If Applicable)
Project Title
Clients Name (If Applicable)

Drawing Title
Drawn by (Name)
Designed by (Name)
Checked by (Name & Signature)
Approved by (Name & Signature)
Scales & drawn Scale
Office Job Number

Drawing Number & Space for Revision Suffix

Date of Drawing
Office of origin of Drawing
Copy Right Protection Statement

Recommended sizes of drawings

General Arrangement Drawings (G A)
Reinforcement Drawings
Details

: A1
: A1
: A3 & A4

Recommended scales
GA

1 : 100

Beam & Column elevations 1 : 50

Wall & Slab details

1 : 50

Beam & Column sections

1 : 20

Recommended thickness of lines

Dimensions & center lines
Concrete outlines & G A drawings

0.25mm
0.35mm

Concrete outlines & R/F drawings

Links, hoops & cross-ties

0.35mm
0.35 0.7mm

Main R/F bars

0.7mm

Changes & Revisions should include:

Suffix; numeral for changes 1, 2, 3, ----- & letters for revisions A, B, C, -Brief description of revision

450

Revision made by (Name & Signature)

Date of revision
Cloud revised details

Beam depth changed 300 to 450

Revision Description

250

SAK
Made by

24-06-2008
Signature

Date

Notes should include:

Cross references to GA Drgs
Cross references to connected Detail Drgs
List of abbreviations
Grade of concrete

(i) Main bar size minus link size (40 -10) = 30mm

(ii) Exposure moderate - C40 30mm

Cover to R/F
(iii) 1 hour fire resistance 20mm

(iv) 20 mm aggregate size 20mm

30mm

BS 8110 Exposure conditions

Specify nominal cover to all reinforcement
including links
o Mild
Protected from weather or aggressive conditions
o Moderate Sheltered from severe rain, subject
condensation, continuously under water, in contact
with non-aggressive soil
o Severe Exposed to severe rain, alternate
wetting and drying or severe condensation
o Very severe Exposed to sea water spray,
corrosive fumes
o Extreme Exposed to abrasive action or
machinery or vehicles

BS 8110 Table 3.4 Nominal cover

to meet durability requirements
Condition of exposure

Nominal cover

Mild
Moderate
Severe
Very severe
Extreme
Max. w/c ratio

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

0.45

Min. cement (kg/m3)

275

300

325

350

400

Lowest concrete grade

C30

C35

C40

C45

C50

25
-

20
35
-

20
30
40
50
-

20
25
30
40
60

20
20
25
30
50

Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm

Table is for normal-weight aggregate of 20mm nominal max. size

BS 8110 Table 3.5 Nominal

cover to meet fire requirements
Fire
resistance

Nominal cover
Beams
Floors
Ribs
Columns
SS Cts SS Cts SS Cts

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

0.5

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

1.5

20

20

25

20

35

20

20

40

30

35

25

45

35

25

60

40

45

35

55

45

25

70

50

55

45

65

55

25

Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm

Additional measures are required to reduce spalling
Cover to main R/F given in Tables 4.2 & 4.3 is considered.

BS 8110: Part 1: Section 7.3

COVER TO REINFORCEMENT
Reference to EuroCodes
BS EN 206-1 Concrete Part 1:
Specification, Performance, production &
conformity

BS 8500-1 Concrete Part 1: 2002

Method of specifying & guidance for
the specifier
BS 8500-2 Concrete Part 2: 2002
Specification for constituent materials &
concrete ; BS 5328 withdrawn 1-12-2003

A List of Abbreviations
ABR

= Alternate Bar Reversed

Blk

= block work

Bw

= Both ways

= Bottom

Bwk

= Brick work

Crs

= Centres

= Centre Line

dia or F = Diameter

drg

= drawing

EF

= Each face

EGWL = Existing ground water level

EL

= Existing level

FF

= Front face

FFL

= Finished floor level

FS

= Full size

= High tensile steel

horiz

= Horizontal

= Mild steel / Round bars

NF

= Near face

NTS

= Not to scale

pkt

= pocket

RC

= Reinforced concrete

RRM

= Random rubble masonry

SFL

= Structural floor level

= Top

vert

= vertical

Recommended practices in drawing preparation

Site Plan drgs

: should show North Point

All other drgs

: to site plan orientation

Continuation drgs

: provide key plan / portion covered

provide reference continuation drg numbers

R/F drgs

: show large openings; upto 150 x 150 mm &

150F holes need not be shown; but refer to drgs

As-Built or Record drgs: amend original drawings as constructed

7000

6000

E
A
6000

6000

Road

6000

Access

B
6000

6000

7000

B
6000

Plan - Detail
Main Road

LAYOUT PLAN

DETAIL PLAN

ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS

6000

Key Plan

Floor slab A1 - 22nd Level

Detailed Area is marked in Key Plan

Grid lines & Axes

LUC

LLC

Beam reference is panel LLC

column identification & a suffix
say A11, A12 etc

A21

Columns A1, A2 are at intersection of

A & 1, A & 2 etc

A12

3
C

C22
B23

B22

B31

B12

A11

Grids commence at LUC and right

C12

2
C

A23

A31

C
C

B21

1
C

B11

Axes commence at LLC and up.

Omit I and O

A22

Structural General Arrangement Drawing

(BASED ON ORIGINAL DRAWING BY OTHERS)

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING

C25/
30

Concrete C40/50

C35/45

C32/40

C25/30

C20/25

Concrete Grades in High Rise Buildings

Building Structures are Designed

from top (roof) to bottom (foundations)
Building Structures are usually constructed
from foundations to roof
Therefore typical details should be referred
from bottom (foundation level) to
top (roof level) and not from top to bottom
to avoid confusion at construction stage.

Levels

in metres

(a) For major works use Ordnance Survey (OS) datum

(b) Civil & major Building works use a TBM or transferred OS datum
(c) For minor works use a job datum wrt a suitable fixed point
On plan levels are indicated within a rectangle and preferably
described
SSL
155.075
On Elevations & Sections project beyond drawing with closed
FFL
SSL
arrowhead
155.075

50

Dimensioning recommendations
Unit for layouts and levels is metre; say 2.450, 128.400, 9.125m
Unit for R/F and sections is millimeter; say 5, 35, 2575 (can avoid
writing mm and dimension to whole mm)
Place dimensions above and not through dimension lines or not
inside details. Place to view from bottom or RHS of drg.

G A drgs should give setting out dimension & sizes of members

Dimensions in R/F drgs only to show correct location of R/F.

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING

SHOWING DIMENSIONING AND LEVELS

SLABS 1
BAR CURTAILMENT
SIMPLE RULES

SLABS 2
BAR ANCHORAGE

TYPICAL ONE-WAY SPANNING SLAB

TYPICAL

TWO-WAY
SLAB

SLAB R/F ARRANGEMENT

H
G
F
E

Open courtyard
D
C
B
A

From experience recommend continuous nominal top R/F in:

(1) All coloured panels preferably in open courtyard situations
(2) All the slab panels in a roof
to avoid shrinkage cracks

TYPICAL FLAT-SLAB PANEL 1

Flat Slab Raft Foundation & Column R/F Starter Bars

TYPICAL FLAT-SLAB PANEL 2

Flat Slab Raft Foundation with a Deep Beam at Change of Levels

Trimming of holes in normal slabs 1

Conditions

l = length
w = width
(a) wras - max = 1000
ps = parallel to
span
(b) wmin - used = w1 = 250 (assume)
lps
lps
used = unsupported
lps
edge distance
(c) lps - max
= 0.25 l x = 1000
wa-i
wras w1 = = ras = right angle to
span
(d) wtotal - max = 0.25 l y = 1500
wmin - used
(e) Small holes with sides (F ) <= 150 could be neglected structurally

l x = 4000

l y = 6000

(f) For holes side < = 500

displace bars either side; space checked

Cut & replace equal area bars either side.

Extend bars 45F beyond hole

45F

TRIMMING OF HOLES 2
(g) If hole side (500 - 1000) treat as in (f) but trim with
similar bars at top.

45f min

If element depth is >= 250 furnish diagonal bars top

and bottom.

(h) In group of holes within 500 or less treat as single hole

and trim as in (f); but bars should pass alongside where
possible.
(i) In group of holes within 500 and 1000 treat as single hole
and trim as in (f) and (g).

Cutting element bars passing through hole and furnishing a

stirrup as a trimmer is totally wrong

Joints in Slabs 1
Control joints a retooled, sawed,
or pre-moulded joints to allow for
shrinkage of large concrete areas.

Control joints create a weakened

section that induce cracking to
occur along the joint, rather than
in a random fashion.
Isolation joints provide a
separation between a slab on
grade and columns or walls, so
that each can move independently.

Expansion Joints 2

In a 100mm thick concrete walkway, what is the typical spacing for

expansion joints?
6m on center
accommodates movement due to both
expansion and contraction

EXPANSION JOINTS 3

BEAMS 1
BAR CURTAILMENTS
SIMPLE RULES 1

BEAMS 2

BEAMS 3
ANCHORAGE &
LAP LENGTHS

Beam R/F Detailing Methods

(i) If pre-assembled main R/F, hanger bars & links stopped 50mm
short of face of support & splice bars used at supports.

(ii) If assembled at works - Span main bars lapped at or near the

support. Link support bars lapped with ends of top main bars.
(iii) Max. link space 0.75d longitudinal & 150mm horizontal space
between tension bars
(iv) Max. area Asc or Ast <= 4%bh; Min. Asc > = 0.2 & Ast >= 0.13
(V) Maxim. Clear Distance between tension bars ab<=160
Short line at 300
and tagged

Calling up of
bars approx. at
mid of bar

DETAIL OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

DETAILS OF CONTINOUS BEAMS

Holes in Concrete Beams: Circular preferable

(1) Checks required (a) Shear capacity and (b) Moment Capacity
(2) Additional stirrups and longitudinal bars and trimmer bars are required
(3) If long rectangular hole unavoidable, frame with Vierendeel-type truss
(4) Locate holes around o 1/3 span if possible
(5) If many holes are required design the beam oversize
(6) Sizes of vertical holes limit to b/4 & horizontal holes h/4

2500
2500
2500

6500
6500
6500

7500
7500
7500

hagg + 5; but < F or F e

50

50

11R6-08-150 VARIES
25

11R6-08-150 VARIES

23R10-05-250

27R10-05-250

25

23R10-05-250

27R10-05-250

2/3xhagg or F or F e if > = hagg +5

Min. distance between bars

Bar curtailment not shown completely

Sometimes stirrup arrangement not shown

Correct & unacceptable beam labeling

150

450

750

sb

450

b = 500
>1000 for EC2

b =500

ab <= 160

F side bar =

sb x b / fy

sb =<250; F = 16
sb =<150; F = 12 for EC2

Beam side bar detailing

Correct & wrong practices

Even in EC2

1000

DISCONTINUITY
OF VERTICAL LEG

1000

DO NOT ALLOW

115
800

TIE ALL COMPRESSION BARS

TIE TENSION BARS WHEN GAP >150

185
800

TENSION BARS
COMPRESSION BARS
SIDE BARS

CORRECT STIRRUP ARRANGEMENT

SINGLE STIRRUP WRONG

Wide beam stirrup arrangement

A very deep beam shows link arrangement

SIMPLE COLUMN DETAIL

(1) Main R/F Max. 6%bh; Min 0.4%bh;
Max area at laps 10%bh
(2) Min. Bar size 12mm; circular columns
6 number of bars
(3) Min. joggle offset = 2F + 10% tolerance
(4) Min. joggle length 10 x centre-lineoffset or 300mm Min.

(5) Allow 75mm for kicker

(6) Min. size of link F of largest vertical bar
(7) Max. pitch 12 F smallest compression bar

(8) All vertical bars to be tied if space > 150mm

and all alternate bars to be tied by links
(9) Maximum space between main R/F;
Compression <=300
Tension
<=175

DETAILS OF COLUMNS 1
ACI 318-02 in new Appendix A
recommends hooking bars towards
the center of the column to develop
full flexural strength of the column.

tension lap

tension lap

t>= 300; 4 corner bars

t>= 300; 4 corner bars

t< 300; 2 corner bars

t< 300; 2 corner bars

Horizontal bar outside

Horizontal bar inside

easy to fix

difficult to fix

WALL REINFORCEMENT

For shrinkage effects

(a) Min. R/F both vertical & horizontal

Fy 250

460

0.3%

0.25%

0.15%

0.125%

1 face or

each face

(b) Vertical R/F; (i) Min. Asc = 0.4% (0.2% each face)
(ii) Max. Asc = 4%

(iii) When Asc > 2%; Max. bar space >= 16 x vertical
bar size

WALL VERTICAL R/F INSIDE & HORIZONTAL R/F OUTSIDE

DETAILS OF WALLS

R/F of wall showing horizontal bar placement in outer layer

WALL R/F ASSEMBLY

RETAINING WALL DETAILS SHOWS OUTER

HORIZONTAL R/F

500T16-02-250 NF

500T16-02-250 NF

500T16-01-250 NF

12T10-04-200 NF

12T10-05-200 FF

500T16-01-250 NF

12T10-05-200 FF

500T12-03-250 FF

500T12-03-250 FF

12T10-04-200 NF

Correct & unacceptable labeling of wall R/F

STAIRCASE R/F DETAILS

DETAILS OF STAIRCASES

Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F.

Large bend required on plan

Ast- Main TR; Main tensile R/F.

Large bend required as
in elevation

Two column
links close to
corbel top

Ast - Main TR
welded to plate
or cross bar

Two column
links close to
corbel top

DO NOT BEND THIS WAY

Tension lap

Compression
anchorage

Tension lap

Ast - Horiz >=

50% of
Ast - Main TR

Compression bars. Area >= 1000mm2/metre

of width of corbel

Compression
anchorage

Ast - Horiz >=

50% of
Ast - Main TR

Compression bars. Area >= 1000mm2/metre

of width of corbel

When main tensile R/F <= 16mm F

When main tensile R/F <= 20mm F

Corbel R/F (without welds)

Corbel R/F (with welds)

CORBELS

Tension
anchorage
length
Tension anchor
if "U" bars used

Closed links or
"U" bars be used

Horizontal "U"
bars. F <= 16

Tie to at least two

main longitudinal
reinforcement
Lacer bar same F
as horizontal "U" bars

Link F should
not more than 12

Standard Nib detail

Shallow Nib detail

NIBS

t >= 140

PAD FOOTING 1

Pad Foundations with Schedule

DETAILS OF FOUNDATIONS 2 PAD FOOTING & SCHEDULE

Detailing of Pile Locations & Pile Cap Drawings

(1) Show the pile centers wrt grid lines
(2) Do not indicate dimensions from grid lines to site boundaries
(3) Indicate cut off levels and anticipated rock levels
(4) Indicate concrete grade, cover to reinforcement
(5) Pile diameters, Identity of Pile, Pile Groups and number of piles
(6) Pile cap dimensions
(7) Indicate column or wall starters
(8) Show the radius of bend of main reinforcement of piles
(9) Provide outer (peripheral) bursting reinforcement T16@200
(10) Indicate pitch of links if different at top and the rest of the pile length
(11) Indicate whether the links are helical or circular
(12) Use nominal top reinforcement in large pile caps to avoid shrinkage cracks

i.e. 0.13bh, where

h= 250

DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 1

T10 - 300

GFL

+0.70
VARIES 500

T10 - 300

+0.20

1200 F PILE

2500

75

12T25
1000 F PILE

3800

7500

7500

1516

8910kN
P16

823

P13

P11 1350 1350 P12

PG9 3/900 F

4200kN

1200 1200

6000

1/1200 F

8623kN
823 1516

6000

4572kN

6000

PILE GROUP SCHEDULE

P10

PILE

PILE CAP OUTLINE DETAILS

PILE CUT OFF

LEVEL VARIES

P23

P14 1350 1350 P15

PG9 3/900 F

PILE
PILE
PILE
GROUP
F
NO
NO
(mm)
S
P1
800
S
P2
800
P11 900
PG9
P12 900
P13 900
P14 900
PG9
P15 900
P16 900

PILE CUT OFF LEVE (m)

-1.250
-1.250
-1.975
-1.975
-1.975
-1.975
-1.975
-1.975

TOTAL NUMBER OF PILES

P22

PILE F
NO OF PILES

PG1 2/800 F

1200 1000 900

24
31
15

TOTAL 106

LAYOUT

800
28

600
08

PILES

DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 2

DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 3

Tie beams detailed at the top of pile cap
to reduce construction difficulties.
Refer Pile Design & construction
practice by M J Tomlinson Section 7.8

DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 4

(DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 5)

Bar bending scheduling to BS 8666, BSI 2000

SHEET 1 BAR SHAPES

7T16- 05 (a to g) -100 B1
SEVEN NUMBERS HIGH TENSILE
SIXTEEN MM DIAMETER BAR MARK
ZERO FIVE VARYING LENGTH a TO h

AT HUNDRED MM CENTERS AT
BOTTOM OUTER LAYER

SHEET 2 BAR SHAPES

SHEET 3 BAR SHAPES

SHEET 6 MIN SCHEDULING RADIUS

AND BEND ALLOWANCES

Bar schedule ref: 750 0 4

Beam
T
01
B1
20
T
02
20
T
03
12
T
04
10
T
05
10
R
06
6
T
10

24-06-08
SAK

Total No
Length of
each
Shape
code
A mm

No of bars
in each

Type & F
No of
members

Bar mark

Dat 24-05-08 Revised

Prepared by : A B C
Checked

Member

Typical Bar Bending

Schedule

Site ref: 4321

B mm

STEMS

5000

00

Straight

16 1300

12

290

12 3250

12

130

20

80 2280

51

680 380

20

40

21

130 380

10

20 1955

47

685 385

900

2000

This schedule complies with BS 8666: 2000

680 380 A

What should and should not be done by Junior Structural Design Engineers
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Study the scope of works, and understand the Architectural drawings

Discuss with senior engineers the concept and develop the GA Drawings
Obtain approval from architects the GA drawings
Discuss with Building Services Engineers ducts & opening sizes ect.
Discuss with Architect, Services Engineers the clear depth between
beam soffit & ceilings
(6) Use computer meaningfully and double check the outputs
with simple manual calculations
(7) Obtain approval of sketches from senior engineers prior to draughting
(8) Check drawings prior to obtaining senior engineers signature in drawings
What should and should not be done by draughtspersons
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Study and understand the Architectural drawings

Check whether the sketches are signed by senior engineers
Study the sketches and if doubtful check with the designer
Do not blindly copy (cut and paste) from other details without understanding
If schedules are not given elevate all beams in one direction in some order without mixing
up in other direction beams
(6) Give cross reference to typical details of lower levels not from top levels
(7) Indicate overall dimensions in plans & sectional elevation of buildings

Thank you