1Introduction to the Built Environment

Table of Contents
What is the built environment?...............................................................2
The Definition of a Retail Park................................................................3
Task 2................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Organisational Chart for Retail Park Project..............................................3

2.2 Analysis of Roles and Interaction......................................................4

Table 3 - Communication Flow within an Organisation..............................5
Job roles and how they interact with each other......................................5
2.2.4
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3

The
The
The
The

Job
Job
Job
Job

Role
Role
Role
Role

of
of
of
of

an Architect...................................................................6
a Structural Engineer.....................................................6
a Quantity Surveyor.......................................................7
a Health and Safety Manager.........................................7

2.3 Explanation of Career Pathways and Educational Roots......................8

2.3.1 The Architects Career Pathway and Educational Roots............................8
2.3.2 The Structural Engineers Career Pathway and Educational Roots............9
2.3.3 The Quantity Surveyors Career Pathway and Educational Roots............10
2.3.4 The Health and Safety Managers Career Pathway and Educational Roots
.................................................................................................................. 10

How equality and diversity are maintained in the workplace..................11

2.4 The Managing of Equality and Diversity in the Workplace.........................11
2.5 Why is equality and diversity important?.................................................11
2.6 The maintenance and management of Equality and Diversity in the
workplace...................................................................................................11

Task 3.1 Legislation...........................................................................12

Control by regulatory bodies................................................................12
Design and Specification......................................................................13
Insulation at Yorvick Central.......................................................................................... 14
Solar and Wind Turbine Energy...................................................................................... 14
Wind Turbine.................................................................................................................. 15
Appliances At Yorvick Central........................................................................................ 15
Waste Disposal At Yorvick Central................................................................................. 15

Management Of Yorvick Central Community..........................................15

What is the built environment?

The term or phrase the built environment can be described as anything that is
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human-made. The built environment refers to structures, and infrastructures, which

are, constructed my human beings. This can include everything from simple housing
to entire cities, and even man-made outdoor environments.
Built environments provide the basic necessities for human life as we know it, and
therefore must be functional and healthy for all. Finding this balance is a
complicated and challenging process, and one that is consistently being refined. A
built environment includes all structures created by people, including infrastructure
elements like streets, sidewalks, water and sewer lines, and electric and other
utilities. Human behavior experts and city planners work to discover the most
positive use of space for people. A single building can also be studied for its
effectiveness. Commercial building designs are constantly changing layouts to
better accommodate the business that takes place within the walls.
Human beings have built and continue to build some extraordinary constructs and
with process there has been the realisation that there are some health related
issues which might have been overlooked. These health impacts have been proven
by studies (ADD DATA) and have shown that those who are in the lower income
bracket and those in low-income areas are most (negatively) affected.
The built environment can and does occupy outdoor space, which have been
manipulated human beings. Local community parks and other engineered open
space areas are prime examples of outdoor places, which are seen as built
environments.

The Definition of a Retail Park

Retail Parks or Shopping Centres offer weather-protected, all-under-one-roof shopping. So
you can put the umbrella away, take off your coat and browse in comfort. Find everything
you're looking for from chemists and opticians to designer fashion, and jewellers. Tick
everything off your list without having to pound the pavements. Leave your car safe and
secure in the centre car parks, while you spend your time shopping carefree.

Yorvick central Project

Task 2
2.1 Organisational Chart for Retail Park Project

2.2 Analysis of Roles and Interaction

Manager
or
superviso
r

Different
Different
department
department
s.

Communicatio
ns

Coworker
s

subordinat
e
Builders,
drivers
ect..

Table 3 - Communication Flow within an Organisation

Downward Flow - Providing feedback to employees, giving instructions on tasks
and highlighting the area, which requires attention.
Upward Flow - is used by subordinates to report back to the superiors who are in
command.
Horizontal Flow - This communication which takes place between those are on the
same level of the hierarchy. It saves time; it facilitates co-ordination among fellow
team members and provides emotional and social assistance to the organisational
members.
Diagonal Flow Diagonal communication would take place between managers
and employees whom operate within a different department.
External This method of communication is normally reserved for suppliers,
vendors and financial institution, which would all be external to the organisations
internal business model.

Job roles and how they interact with each other

2.2.4 The Job Role of an Architect

Architects are involved from the earliest stages of a building project, which can start
with developing ideas with the client, establishing budgets, assessing the needs of
the building and its users, and its impact within the local environment.
They assist with site selection and work closely with contractors on site, ensuring
that works are carried out to specific standards and that, above all, the building is
sustainable, functional and aesthetically pleasing. They also need to have an
awareness of commercial and financial considerations.
Responsibilities vary but typically include:
Discussing the objectives, requirements and budget of a project;
Consulting with other professionals about design;
Preparing and presenting feasibility reports and design proposals to the client;
Advising the client on the practicality of their project;
Using IT in design and project management, specifically using computer-aided
design software;
Keeping within financial budgets and deadlines;
Producing detailed workings, drawings and specifications;
Specifying the nature and quality of materials required;
Preparing tender applications and presentations;
Negotiating with contractors and other professionals;
Preparing applications for planning and building control departments;
Drawing up tender documents for contracts;
Project managing and helping to coordinate the work of contractors;
Controlling a project from start to finish;
Regular site visits to check on progress, ensuring that the project is running on time
and to budget;
Resolving problems and issues that arise during construction; ensuring that the
environmental impact of the project is managed

2.2.1 The Job Role of a Structural Engineer

The Structural Engineer is responsible for the designing, creating and solving of
problems. The Structural Engineer is a person who is creative with numbers and
uses both maths and science to shape the world around us. Structural Engineers
can specialise in a range of fascinating areas including conservation, sustainability,
seismic or humanitarian engineering. Structural Engineers help to design most
structures around us and these structures include; houses, theatres, sports venues,
hospitals, office blocks, bridges, oil rigs and even a hand in areas relating to
aeronautics. The Structural Engineers would work closely with architects and other
professional engineers and those who operate within the their given field. The
Structural Engineers are normally assigned the duty of selecting the materials,
which would be deemed appropriate for a particular project, theses materials would
range from the type the of concrete required to the strength of timber required.
The daily activities of a Structural Engineer would include the following:

Analysing configurations of the basic structural components of a building or

other structure.
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Calculating the pressures, stresses and strains that each component, such as
a beam or lintel, will experience from other parts of the structure due to
human use or environmental pressures such as weather or earthquakes.
Considering the strength of various materials, e.g. timber, concrete, steel and
brick, to see how their inclusion may necessitate a change of structural
design.
Liaising with other designers, including architects, to agree on safe designs
and their fit with the aesthetic concept of the construction.
Examining structures at risk of collapse and advising how to improve their
structural integrity such as recommending removal or repair of defective parts
or rebuilding the entire structure.
Making drawings, specifications and computer models of structures for
building contractors.
Working with geotechnical engineers to investigate ground conditions and
analyse results of soil sample and in situ tests.
Liaising with construction contractors to ensure that newly erected buildings
are structurally sound.
Applying expert knowledge of the forces that act on various structures.
Using computers and computer-aided design (CAD) technology for simulation
purposes.

2.2.2 The Job Role of a Quantity Surveyor

The Quantity Surveyor is responsible for the management of all costs relating to
building and constructing of a given project, everything from the initial calculations
to the final handover figures are produced by the Quantity Surveyor. The Quantity
Surveyor will work towards minimising the total costing of a project while
maximising the value for money for that particular project. The Quantity Surveyor
will have to pay close attention to the overall costing of a project and create reports
as and when required.
The daily activities of a Quantity Surveyor would include the following:

Preparing tender and contract documents, including bills of quantities with the
architect and/or the client.
The undertaking cost of analysis for repair and maintenance project work.
The assisting in establishing a client's requirements and undertaking
feasibility studies to deliver those requirements.
Performing risk, value management and cost control.
The advising on procurement strategy.
The allocation of work to subcontractors would also fall to the Quantity
Surveyor.
The understanding and interpretation of health & safety legislation would on
occasions fall to the Quantity Surveyor.

2.2.3 The Job Role of a Health and Safety Manager

The Health and Safety Manager (or advisor) will use their knowledge and skills to
both promote a positive health and safety cultural environment while at the same
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time being able to manage current health and safety issues on a give site or area.
The responsibility of complying with health and safety legislation and regulations
will fall to the Health and Safety Manager and the adherence and implantation of
procedures and policies are the responsibility of the Health and Safety Manager. The
Health and Safety Manager would normally be based in a wide range of
organisations as health and safety is not an exclusive area of expertise solely
reserved for the construction industry.
The daily activities of a Health and Safety Manager would include the following:

The carrying out of risk assessments and the consideration of how those risks
can be reduced.
The detailing and outlining of safe operational procedures and practices that
will take into account the relevant hazardous for a particular site or location.
The carrying out of regular site inspection to check that the policies are being
both adhered to and properly implemented.
The altering of working practices to ensure that they are inline with
legislation(s) and regulations would be the responsibility of the Health and
Safety Manager.
In house training and education with particular relevance to the practices on
site.
The development of health and safety strategies and the timeline for
implementation of those strategies would fall to the Health and Safety
Manager.
The production of management reports, newsletters and bulletins is the
responsibility of the Health and Safety Manager.
The overseeing for the installations of safety equipment would require the
attention of the Health and Safety Manager.

2.3 Explanation of Career Pathways and Educational Roots

The career pathways and educational roots that will be evaluated are the following;
the Structural Engineer, the Quantity Surveyor, the Health and Safety Manager and
the Construction Manager.

2.3.1 The Architects Career Pathway and Educational Roots

Table 4 The Entry Requirements, the Training and the Career
Development for an Architect
Entry Requirements

GCSEs and A-Levels or

their equivalents are
required to gain access
to university.
Access to HE Diploma
BETC Extended Diploma
Scottish Advanced
Highers

Training
Part 1: an approved first
degree in architecture, which
typically takes three or four
years;
Stage 1 practical experience:
usually 12 months of
supervised and recorded
professional experience. This is
commonly taken in architects'

Career Development
Gaining chartered membership
of the Royal Institute of British
Architects (RIBA) and
undertaking agreed levels of
continuing professional
development (CPD) are key
parts of career development
and will enable progression to
more senior posts.

Welsh Baccalaureate
European Baccalaureate

practices, but may be in any

sector of the building industry,
including construction and
design, as long as the work is
related to architecture and is
supervised by a construction
professional;
Part 2: two years of further
study for a diploma, further
degree or Masters degree in
architecture;
Stage 2 practical experience: a
minimum of 12 further months
of supervised and recorded
professional experience, to
make up the 24 months
required to sit the Part 3
examination;
Part 3: an examination in
professional practice and
management, which students
may take on completion of the
above. This involves a written
and oral examination as well as
assessment of the 24 months of
practical experience. Once this
is completed, students can
register as an architect with the
ARB and apply to become a
chartered member of the RIBA.

Architects with more than five

years of Chartered membership
who have demonstrated
distinguished achievement in
architecture may be awarded
Fellow of RIBA status and
entitled to use the affix FRIBA.

*NOTE: This is only a suggested route to university and the further Career Development of a professional in the
Construction Sector.

2.3.2 The Structural Engineers Career Pathway and Educational

Roots
Table 5 The Entry Requirements, the Training and the Career
Development for a Structural Engineer
Entry Requirements
A-Levels and GCSEs or their
equivalents are required to gain
access to university.
Also needs to demonstrate the
following: good analytical and
problem-solving skills, strong
mathematical ability, computer
literacy, a grasp of physics,
three-dimensional conceptual
skills, excellent oral and written
communication skills,
diagrammatic skills, team
working ability, attention to
detail, the ability to liaise well
with professionals from other
disciplines and an interest in
the design and structure of
buildings.

Training
Graduate Structural Engineers
work professional status of
Associate or Chartered Member
with The Institute of Structural
Engineers (IStructE).
To be Chartered Member with
(IStructE) the following must be
achieved.
Completion of required
educational base - for
Associate Member this is an
accredited degree; for
Chartered Membership it is an
accredited Masters.
Initial Professional
Development (IPD) - trainees
gain experience in the

Career Development
Starting as construction
designers, structural engineers
soon move on to become
project managers. They may
work alone, liaising closely with
all the other construction
professionals involved, or as
part of a project team.
Career options include moving
from an engineering
consultancy to a construction
company or vice versa. Another
option is to work as a selfemployed contract engineer
and be paid for each completed
contract.
There are also many
opportunities to move to other

workplace, which is matched

against specific core objectives
identified by IStructE. Many
employers offer structured
training schemes to ensure
these requirements are met.
Professional review comprising an interview with
qualified engineers and a final
examination.

parts of the UK and to work on

international projects. Gaining
chartered status with The
Institution of Structural
Engineers (IStructE) allows for
professional recognition in an
increasing number of countries
around the world.

*NOTE: This is only a suggested route to university and the further Career Development of a professional in the
Construction Sector.

2.3.3 The Quantity Surveyors Career Pathway and Educational Roots

Table 6 The Entry Requirements, the Training and the Career
Development for a Quantity Surveyor
Entry Requirements
Training
Career Development
A-Levels and GCSEs or their
equivalents are required to gain
access to university.
Degrees are available in
quantity surveying, which are
accredited by the Royal
Institution of Chartered
Surveyors (RICS) but you do not
have to have studied this
subject to enter the profession.
The first degree can be in any
subject but those which may
help to provide relevant
knowledge include:
Geography;
Mathematics;
Economics;
Urban and Land Studies;
Building or Construction;
Civil or Structural
Engineering.

Once a position as a trainee

Quantity Surveyor is gained the
next step is to work towards
obtaining Royal Institution of
Chartered Surveyors (RISC)
membership to become a
qualified chartered surveyor.
In order to become a chartered
Quantity Surveyor the
successful completion of the
Assessment of Professional
Competence (APC) is required.
This is a structured training
programme that usually lasts
around two years (unless you
have significant previous work
experience).

Once the position of chartered

Quantity Surveyor, it will be
possible to work across a board
range of disciplines.
Further career development is
possible by becoming a
member of relevant institutes
such as:

Chartered Institute of
Building (CIOB).
The Association of Cost
Engineers (ACostE).
Chartered Institution of
Civil Engineering
Surveyor.

*NOTE: This is only a suggested route to university and the further Career Development of a professional in the
Construction Sector.

2.3.4 The Health and Safety Managers Career Pathway and

Educational Roots
Table 7 The Entry Requirements, the Training and the Career
Development for a Health and Safety Manager
Entry Requirements
A-Levels and GCSEs or their
equivalents are required to gain
access to university.
Health and safety has
traditionally been a second
career for those with degree

Training
The training for this role mainly
consists of on-the-job learning
which is usually complemented
by short, in-house or external
training courses.
Training departments, local

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Career Development
As a health and safety adviser,
you can develop your career in
a number of ways, including:

Moving to a larger
organisation with more
opportunities for career

qualifications in other
disciplines, who have been
given the job of safety as an
'extra' to their main role.
Most degree-level qualifications
are, therefore, provided at
postgraduate level and are
aimed at those looking to
become health and safety
professionals, see
the Institution of Occupational
Safety and Health (IOSH) for a
list of accredited courses that
meet the academic requirement
for Graduate membership of
IOSH (Grad IOSH).

colleges and universities or

health and safety consultants,
normally run the courses.

progression.

Specialising in a
particular industrial
sector, for example
nuclear safety or
offshore oil and gas.

Gaining expertise in
particular areas, such as
hazardous substances,
security or terrorism.
Specialist qualifications
are available in areas
such as environmental
management, fire safety
and risk management,
and construction health
and safety.

Further study at postgraduate

level is also available.

Equality and Diversity At Workplace

At Grey Matter Construction Equality and Diversity is maintained through out the
hierarchy chain. We strongly believe that treating people equally and having a
divers team is key part of enhancing and maintaining productivity of the company.
The employees are protect by the equality act 2010, this legislation protect the
employees form discrimination.
Equality is being equal in status, rights and opportunities. Diversity on the other
hand is the sate of being diverse and different.
AT Grey Matter Construction we are working to wards our goals a company to
provide all the employees the same development opportunities and operational
environment. We want our employees to prosper in their field and show his/ her full
potential regardless of their faith, ethnicity, age, colour, sex orientation and
nationality. In order to do so we comply with the following legislations.

Disability Discrimination Act 1995

Disability Discrimination Act 2005
Equality Act 2006
Equal Pay Act 1970
Race Relations Act 1965
Amendment Act 2000
Representation of the People Act 1928

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 Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Amended by the sex Discrimination (Election

candidates) Act 2002

Task 3.1 Legislation

During the period of Redevelopment of Yorvick Central site certain legislations must
be complied. Some of these legislations apply to all construction sites around UK,
whilst other legislations many be applicable to Yorvick central due to nature of the
site.
The common and most important pieces of legislation that is applied to any project
including Yorvick are:
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
Construction Design and Management Regulation 2007
Building Act 1984
Building Regulations 2002
This specific legislation that applies to Yorvick Central is because of the nature of
the site. The site contains varies forms of wildlife like bats. It has a river stream that
runs all the way to the north side of the site. Some parts of the site are
contaminated with asbestos.
As a result of these the following legislations applies:
Contaminated Land Regulations 2002
Water Act 2003
Habitats Regulations 1974
Groundwater Regulations 1998
Wildlife and Countryside life 1981
Public Health (Control of Diseases) act 1984
The authorities will enforce all of the regulation with the help of various government
institutions. The site will be subject to, both planed and random inspection by
various regulatory bodies in order to make sure the work in the Yorvick according
with the relevant legislations. Non-compliance at the site would lead to
imprisonment.

Control by regulatory bodies

The regulatory bodies are there to make sure working environment in the site is
safe and accessible and to ensure limited waste and environmental damage is
made. While carrying out building work, its usually arrange for the work on the site
to be checked by an independent third party making sure the works at the site meet
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the standards. Building practices, technology and construction techniques are

constantly evolving. We need to make sure that building regulations are fair,
efficient, up to date and effective.
The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) has enacted a
package of deregulatory changes to the building regulations in 2012 to make sure
they continue to be up to date and effective.

Design and Specification

Green Building At Yorvick Central:
Green building is the process of creating structures that are environmentally friendly
and its resource efficient throughout the lifespan of the building.
The purpose of green building is to reduce our overall impact on the environment.
Green building is different from normal buildings because it makes the use of
recycle of building materials and water. It also looks into more use of natural
insulation, ground source heat pumps and more.
At Grey Matter Constructions we take green and sustainable building seriously and
take pride of being one of award winning companies.
Importance of green and sustainable building:

Environmental Benefits
Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems
Improve air and water quality
Reduce waste streams
Conserve and restore natural resources
Economic Benefits
Reduce operating costs
Improve occupant productivity
Enhance asset value and profits
Optimize life-cycle economic performance
Social Benefits
Enhance occupant health and comfort
Improve indoor air quality
Minimize strain on local utility infrastructure
Improve overall quality of life
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Ground Source Heat Pumps

At Yorvick Central implementing new generation buildings we believe that
Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) is a great alternative to other heating
method. The natural warmth under the building is transferred using Ground
Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs)
Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) is more affective in well-insulated
buildings. The insulation could be expensive but it has a 3 year payback time
which means its saves you more money in the long run.
Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) has price a relatively high compared to
traditional heating system. But in the long run it has better payback time
which 6 years. Installing a typical system Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs)
costs around 11,000- 15,000. Running costs will depend on a number of factors
including the size of your home and how well insulated it is.
Insulation at Yorvick Central
Insulating a building is the best tool for saving energy, energy costs. Insulating the
building reduces the carbon emission and carbon is a harmful green house gas,
therefore making the building more efficient and sustainable. The type of insulation
we are going to use in Yorvick Central is wool its natural fibre it very good a thermal
heat proofing. Wool insulating is efficient, safe, durable, affordable and most
importantly its sustainable.
Wool is moisture tolerant and good at absorbing sound, without losing any thermal
energy.
Wool has advantage over fibreglass because it is obtained from 100% natural
sources. Wool insulation is more costly but it has a better payback time, wool
isolation has a price tag of 4.15 for square meter compared to3.90 of fibreglass.
Advantages of having wool insulation:
Natural / environmentally friendly product
It could be recycled and it has longer life span
It doesnt burn; it is just about the only fibre that naturally resists flaming and
as soon as the flame is removed it will actually self-extinguish.
Regulates Humidity, it can absorb 33% of its weight in moisture without
compromising its insulating ability

Solar and Wind Turbine Energy

Both of these two sources (Solar and Wind Turbine) of energy have be harnessed
and implemented into many of other projects. Its renewable and environmentally
friendly which in turn lowers the Carbon footprint.
Solar energy technologies include heating, solar thermal electricity and solar
photovoltaic. Solar energy contributes in decreasing the harmful green house
gasses, which causes global warming and global dimming. Unlike fossil fuel, the
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suns energy will not run out. Using photovoltaic (PV) the sun light energy can be
converted directly into electricity. At Yorvick Central we are going to incorporate
photovoltaic (PV) panels into the design to aid the lighting of the building.
The cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels depends on two main factors size and system
efficiency. The average domestic solar PV system is 4kWp and costs 5,000 - 8,000
(including VAT at 5 per cent). Carbon dioxide savings 1,870 (kgCO2/year)
Advantages of solar PV:
PV panels provide clean green energy. During electricity generation with PV
panels there is no harmful greenhouse gas emissions thus solar PV is
environmentally friendly.
Solar energy is energy supplied by nature it is thus free and abundant
Solar energy can be made available almost anywhere there is sunlight

Wind Turbine
Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two or
three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft,
which spins a generator to create electricity. Its sustainable way to generate
electricity because it does not harm the environment.
Wind turbines cost roughly 3,000 to 8,000 per kilowatt of capacity. A 10 kilowatt
machine (the size needed to power a large home) might have an installed cost of
$50,000-$80,000 (or more).
ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:
The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.
Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause green
house gases or other pollutants.
Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of
land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the
case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.

Appliances At Yorvick Central

To make sure our energy waste and consumption is to minimum, Grey Matter
Construction would commit to use maximum rating of A+++ class appliances, with
minority of the appliances being A++.
By adopting this practice at Yorvick Central it will significantly reduce the energy
used while the construction takes place. It increases the efficiency of the appliances
by wasting less energy as heat and sound energy.
Waste Disposal At Yorvick Central
At Grey Matter Construction we would work with the local councils when it comes to
determining the best disposal solutions. We are going to place more recycle banks
in the Yorvick central site to encourage the residents to recycle more. The council
has the promised to give each household recycle bags every other month.
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Normal rubbish will be collect and separated in the bin site where the food scraps
will be placed on massive composting bins which will turn in to compost and used as
a natural fertiliser by the council.

Management Of Yorvick Central Community

Grey Matter Construction will team up with the council in effort to minimize the
negative impact the Yorvick Central Community. We have set up a management
team to supervise the green initiatives sunning at Yorvick Central on daily bases.
Its the responsibility of the team to constantly monitor the effectiveness of the
electrical and heating system. The team members must make sure that the system
is working effectively and to inform of nay abnormalities directly to the suppliers.
Open door meeting would take place every month to discuss any issues regard
Yorvick Central Community.

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