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Junior Inter Physics

Thermal Properties of Matter

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Very Short Answer Questions

1.

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Can a substance contract on heating? Give an example.

A: Yes. Some substances contract on heating.

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e.g.: Rubber, Cast Iron, Leather

2.

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Why gaps are left between rails on a railway track?

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A: While laying railway tracks, a small gap is left between two successive rails to
allow the expansion in summer.
3.

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What is specific gas constant? Is it same for all gases and write its units and
dimensions.

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A: Gas constant per unit mass is called specific gas constant (r). It's value changes
from gas to gas.

Unit: J Kg1 K1, Dimensional formula L2 T2 K1

4.

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State Weins displacement law.

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A: The wavelength of maximum intensity of emission of a blackbody radiation is

inversely proportional to absolute temperature.

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1
m m T = Constant
T

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m T = b

Where b is Wein's constant 2.9 103 mk

5.

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Does a body radiate heat at 0 K? Does it radiate heat at 0C?

A: No. According to Prevost theory every body above Zero Kelvin will radiate heat
energy to the surroundings.
Yes. It can radiate heat at 0C.

6.

What is thermal resistance of a conductor? On what factors does it depend?

A: The resistance offered by the conductor for the flow of heat is called thermal
resistance (R).
R-25-12-14

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l
d
R = or
KA
KA
It depends on:

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(i) nature of material (k)

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(ii) length of conductor (d) or (l)

(iii) area of cross section (A)
7.

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The roof of buildings are often painted white during summer. Why?

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A: White paint is coated on the roof because it is a good reflector of heat. Good
reflect is a bad absorber of heat. So, buildings are kept cool.
8.

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State units and dimensions of coefficient of convection.

A: Coefficent of thermal convection

P
(h) =
A

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Units: watt / m2 k, D.F. = [MT3 K1]

9.

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Short Answer Questions

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Pendulum clocks go fast in winter and slow in summer. Why?

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A: Time period of Pendulum is T = 2
g

Where 'T' is directly proportional to ' l '. In summer 'T' will increase as 'l'
increases. In winter, 'T' will decrease as 'l' decreases. Thus, clocks go fast in
winter and slow in summer.

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10. In what way is the anomalous behaviour of water advantageous to aquatic

animals?

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A: In cold countries, during winter the temperature of water in lakes and ponds
decreases much below 0C, it becomes ice forms a layer at the top. But water
inside the lake will be at 4C and there will be enough water at the bottom of the
lake. Hence aquatic animals can survive even in winter.

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Ice 0C
1C

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2C

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3C
4C

11. Define triple point of water and explain it?

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A: The temperature and pressure at which a substance simultaneously exist in solid,

liquid and vapour state is called 'triple point'.

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Ice Line (PA) or Fusion Line:

During 'PA', ice and water are in equillibrium. It has negative slope. Hence
melting point decreases with increase in pressure. The substance will exist in
solid state to the left of PA and in liquid state to its right.

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Pressure
613.1
pa

B
liquid

line
Ice

Stea
m li
ne

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n line
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m
273.16 k
Subli

Temperature

Steamline (PB):
Here water and vapour are in equillibrium. It has +ve slope. Boiling point of
water increases with increase of pressure.
Sublimation (or) Hoarfrost line (CP):
Here solid and vapour are in equillibrium. It has positive slope. Above 'CP' the
substance is in solid state and below the curve it is in vapour state. Intersecting
point of PA, PB & PC gives triple point of water. The coordinates are (273.16 K,
613 Pa)

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12. A body cools down from 60C to 50C in 5 Min. and to 40C in another 8
min. Find the temperature of surroundings.
A: From Newton's law of cooling

1 + 2
d
= K 0
dt
2

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60 50
60 + 50
= K 0
5
2

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2 = K (55 0 ) ............ (1)

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50 40
50 + 40
= K 0
8
2

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d

5
= K (45 0 ) ............ (2)
4

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(1)
k (55 0 )
8
=
(2)
5
K(45 0 )

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0 = 28.8C

Writer: R. Sudha Rani

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