1

Introduction
Types of slope
Shear strength
Slope instability
Methods of slope stability calculation
Slope stabilization

Introduction
Types of slope
Shear strength
Slope instability
Methods of slope stability calculation
Slope stabilization

10

Embankments

Earth dams

11

Excavation

12

Introduction
Types of slope
Shear strength
Slope instability
Methods of slope stability calculation
Slope stabilization

13

Pn = W

Pn = W

Pn = W

Ps

Ps
Pf

Pr
No Friction
=0<
No Slip

Pr
Partial Friction
<
No Slip

Pf

Pr
Full Friction
=
Slip to Right
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Shear strength:
friction between soil
particles (and
cohesion between
particles)

15

 f = c'+ ' tan '

16

Introduction
Types of slope
Shear strength
Slope instability
Methods of slope stability calculation
Slope stabilization

17

18

Introduction
Types of slope
Shear strength
Slope instability
Methods of slope stability calculation
Slope stabilization

19

20

If the thickness of the mobilized soil is

relatively smaller than the length of it, it can
be assumed that the slope undergoes
translational slide.
Use force equlibrium

resistance
FS =
mobilized
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 resistance
FS =
mobilized

G.W.L.

= (T X ) + sat X cos 2
=
u ( water X ) cos 2
resistance =c '+ ( u ) tan '
mobilized = (T X ) + sat X sin cos
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G.W.L.

For c= 0 and no G.W.L (X=0)

T cos 2 tan '

FS =
T sin cos
tan '
FS =
tan

For c= 0 and X=T)

satT wT ) cos 2 tan '

(
FS =
satT sin cos
tan '

'

FS =

sat tan

23

Note:
tan '
Dry slope: FS =
tan

tan '
'

Saturated/wet slope: FS =
sat tan

/sat always < 1

hence FS dry slope > FS saturated slope

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25

The mobilized soil mass is circular

Use moment equilibrium

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Undrained condition, =0, TSA, (Swedish

Method)

resistance
FS =
mobilized

cu La r
FS =
W d

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Taylors stability coefficient for =0

cu
NS =
FS H

28

Evaluation for rotational slide is easy for

simple cases
The calculation becomes more difficult for
cases with complex geometry and a lot of
layers
The alternative for this calculation is by
dividing the soil mass into slices before
evaluated by moment equilibrium

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30

In general:

(T r ) = (W r sin )

while:

l
T mobilized
=
=
l resistance

FS

resistance

(W sin )
l =
FS

then:

FS =

( resistance l )
(W sin )

where

W = bh

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Effective stress analysis (ESA), Drained, (c,0):

FS =

( c '+ ' tan ') l

(W sin )

where

( c ' l + N ' tan ') =

N'
FS =
(W sin )

(W cos ) ( u l )

u = porewater pressure at the bottom center

of each slice
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Total stress analysis (TSA), Undrained (c=cu,u=0):

FS =

( cu l )

(W sin )

cu= undrained shear strength, or su

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In Simplified Bishop method, the force

equilibrium between horizontal forces acting
in each slice also considered beside the
moment equilibrium
Considered as more reliable than the OMS

36

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41

Introduction
Types of slope
Shear strength
Slope instability
Methods of slope stability calculation
Slope stabilization

42

 resistance
FS =
mobilized

Hence to increase FS, there are two

approaches:
Increase the strength
Decrease the load

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Increase the strength

Drainage increasing shear strength
Soil retaining pile, bored pile, ground
anchor, berm
Soil retaining soil nailing, stone columns,
micropiles, geosynthetics
Soil stabilization compacted soil-cement
fill, preconsolidation

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Decrease the load

Reducing loads: excavation, flattening the
slope, lightweight materials
Drainage lowering hydrostatic pressure

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10.5m
3.0 m
7.0 m

4m

G.W.L.

sat= = 18 kN/m3
W

cu = 25 kN/m 2

=' 28

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Cek the stability condition of the slope.

Calculate FS in these conditions:
Total Stress Analysis (TSA/Undrained)

(Swedish Method, Taylors Coefficient, OMS)

& Effective Stress Analysis (ESA/Drained)

(OMS)

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TSA: Swedish Method

cu La r 25 18.76 5.83
=
FS =
W d
18 66 2.5
= 0.92

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TSA: Taylors Stability Coefficient

cu
FS =
Ns H
25
= = 1.24
0.16 18 7
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TSA

FS =
ESA

( cu l )

(W sin )

FS =

( c '+ ' tan ') l

FS =

( c ' l + N ' tan '=

) N'

(W sin )

(W sin )

(W cos ) ( u l )
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5.0 m
3.0 m
7.0 m

G.W.L.

sat= = 18 kN/m3
cu = 25 kN/m 2

=' 28

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End of Presentation

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