Fieldwork II Geology

BEng Petroleum Engineering
Year 3
EART30442 Fieldwork II
Professor: Kevin Taylor
Cathy Hollis
Fieldwork Practical Report - Northeast England Field

Trip (April 13th to April 16th, 2015)
Maximiano Kanda Ferraz (SwB UG) ID 9568640
Manchester, April 2015
EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Fieldwork Practical Report - Northeast England Field Trip (April 13 th to April 16th, 2015)
SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 3
1.1 Learning Outcomes & Objectives ..................................................... 3
1.2 Locations .............................................................................................. 3
1.3 Relevance ............................................................................................. 5
2 WORK METHODS .......................................................................................... 6

2.1 Equipment ........................................................................................... 6
2.2 Procedures ........................................................................................... 6
2.3 Hazards & Safety ................................................................................. 8
3 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS ......................................................................... 9
Staithes and Port Mulgrave Mudstones ........................................................ 9
Whitby ............................................................................................................ 13
Staithes Sandstones ....................................................................................... 16
Flamborough ................................................................................................. 19
4 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................... 21
5 REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 21

1. INTRODUCTION
In this section, a brief overview of the practical is given, such as learning outcomes, objectives
(section 1.1), information on the visited areas (section 1.2) and the relevance regarding the
petroleum engineering.
1.1 Learning Outcomes & Objectives

The main objectives of the Fieldwork course were:
Observe actual geological outcrops, comparing rock lithology, identifie beds, fracture
matrix and density, traces of hydrocarbon presence, etc.
Take notes of any information found relevant, such as trends of grain size, sedimentary
structures, contacts between units and/or fossil presence, to input in the report.
Take photographs, along with drawing pictures, sketches and schematics in scale to
improve the quality of the report.
Draw conclusions on a petroleum engineering point of view, based on the topics

above, geology knowledge and the literature.
The learning outcomes are an extension of the objectives, in a way that it was possible to
obtain knowledge and experience from the field, thus felling of how a petroleum
engineer/geologist would work in a real life basis. Not only that, but the observance of health &
safety issues, correct work equipment and attention to details were important values learned. The
overall experience helped to develop skills in sedimentology and stratigraphy.
1.2 Locations
The fieldwork was realized at the Yorkshire coast, northeast of the United Kingdom. Five
specific locations were visited: Staithes, Port Mulgrave, Whitby Harbour, Scarborough and
Flamborough, as show in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1 Locations visited in Yorkshire Coast-UK. Source: [2]
These locations were picked, as they contain Jurassic and Cretaceous sediment outcrops,
and involved a range of depositional environments from fluvial, to deltaic and shallow/deep
marine, as well as varying lithology. Based on these differences, the areas were divided in
sections, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 2 (Source: [6]):
LOCALITY
Staithes & Port
Mulgrave
Whitby
Staithes
Scarborough
Flamborough
PERIOD
Lower Jurassic
Middle Jurassic
Lower Jurassic
Middle Jurassic
Upper Cretaceous
Table 1 Summary of the Formations visited

STAGE
AGE MYA* LITHOLOGY
Toarcian
Aalenian/Toarcian
Pleinsbachian
Bajocian
Santonian
174-183
170-175
183-191
168-170
83.6-86.3
Mudstones
Sandstones
Sandstones
Variable
Chalk
FORMATION
DETAIL
Cleveland
Ironstone
Saltwick/Dogger Fluvio-deltaic
Staithes
Shallow Marine
Cloughton
Burham
Highly Fractured
* Source: [9]

Figure 2 - Geological map of the UK and Ireland with the marked location of the field. Source: [1]
1.3 Relevance
One of the most critical problems in the oil industry is the estimation of petrophysical
properties due to the heterogeneity of rocks, as the interpretation of subsurface seismograms and
wireline logs may not identify. This problem is more pronounced when dealing with the
permeability, which is one of the most sensitive parameters of the morphology of the rock.
So, the relevance of the field course is huge to the petroleum engineering section of
work, since studying the geology of outcrops of a basin may yield important information
regarding the subsurface through correlation of data. This could be done in the field, by making
comparisons as which facies are more permeable, which rocks are more related to a petroleum
play, identifying a source, reservoir or seal and which area is more stable. Also, the analysis of
depositional system, grain-sorting and grain-size in clastic rocks is possible, along with linking
fractures as migration paths, permeability increasing device or neither in carbonates. The locations
studied are relevant as they are within the North Sea basin, a major basin of oil and gas fields/
reservoirs in Europe.
2. WORK METHODS
5

This section describes the materials and apparatus used to perform the tasks in the field
(section 2.1), as well as the procedures utilized to successfully complete these tasks (section 2.2).
Section 2.3 describes the hazards and safety mechanisms.
2.1 Equipment
To perform the field work in a satisfactory manner, several equipment and instruments are
needed:
Notebook ([4])
Magnifying glass
Measuring tape
Ruler
Camera
Compass
Clinometer
Grain-Size/Sorting Reference Geology Sheet
Sedimentary Structures/Lithology Reference Geology Sheet
Logging Sheet
Hard Hat/Plastic Helmet
Appropriate footwear
The methods of how these instruments were used are detailed in the next sections.
2.2 Procedures
Below, is a list of the procedures followed for each of the areas:
Staithes Mudstones
I. First, there was observation of the outcrop at a distance.
II. Through it, the effort was to identify main rock types, units, layers and sedimentary structures.
III. Then, a scaled-diagram was sketched, containing everything in step II.
IV. Using the camera, pictures were taken at long, medium and close range.
V. Next, the outcrop was observed at close-up, using the magnifying glass and ruler.

VI. Notes were taken of fracture preferred orientation, grain size/sorting, heterogeneities using the
geology information sheets.
VII. More notes taken regarding description and interpretation of the rock.
VIII. Consultation and wrap-up with the professors were made eventually.
IX. To conclude, the report sheet (Presented at section 3. RESULTS) was filled, summarizing all
data.
Port Mulgrave Mudstones
*Same procedures as above.
Whitby Sandstones
*Same procedures as above.
Staithes Sandstones
I. The outcrop was observed at close-up, using the magnifying glass and ruler, measuring a
vertical section of 2 meters.
II. Next, the logging sheet was filled (Presented at section 3. RESULTS), containing the lithology
division.
III. Notes were taken of diagenetic features, grain size/sorting, heterogeneities, trend, with aid of
the geology information sheets.
IV. Using the camera, pictures were taken
IV. Then, another outcrop was analyzed, only at a distance.
V. Through it, the effort was to identify main rock types, units, layers and sedimentary structures.
VI. Then, a scaled-diagram was sketched, containing everything in step V.
VII. Using the camera, pictures were taken.
data.
Scarborough Sandstones
*Same procedures as the first 3 locations, less the close-up bit, since it was a cliff impossible to
examine at close range.

Flamborough Carbonates
I. First, there was observation of one section of the outcrop.
II. Through it, the effort was to identify main rock types, units, fossils and sedimentary structures.
III. Using the measuring tape, fracture density was calculated (number of vertical fractures per
horizontal meter)
IV. Using the compass and clinometer, major faults and fractures preferred orientations were
defined.
V. Then, a scaled-diagram was sketched, containing everything in steps II, III and IV.
VI. Using the camera, pictures were taken at long, medium and close range.
VII. Next, another section of the outcrop was observed at long distance and close-up, (to compare
results), repeating steps I to VI.
data.
2.3 Hazards & Safety
The health & safety aspects must be followed during a work in the field. Hazards and risks
encountered are listed below, with the precautions taken to avoid any problems:
Correct handling of the materials.
Avoid roadside exposure, as it provides risk from traffic.
Taking care when working on top of steep slopes and terraces, watching out for drop-offs.
Avoid work near cliffs or overhanging rocks.
Wearing a hard hat all the time in the field.
Wear appropriate footwear all the time in the field, as the environments are sandy, stony
and slippery.
Check for incoming tides and avoid wondering off to not be cut-off.

3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Petroleum Engineering EART30442
Name: Maximiano Kanda Ferraz
Yorkshire Coast Field Course 2015
Student Number:
9568640
Staithes and Port Mulgrave Mudstones

Exercise 1: Cleveland Ironstone Formation. Go up to the cliff and examine closely the rock types. Make
notes on the lithology, major contacts between units and any sedimentary structures, fossil content,
diagenetic features. Take care not to go under dangerous sections and always wear your hard hat.
Interpret the environment of deposition and reservoir properties.
Description:
UNIT A
UNIT B
COLOR:
Grey (White trace)
Beige
COMPOSITION:
Mud/Clay
Iron
GRAIN-SIZE:
Clastic Silt
GRAIN-SORTING:
TRENDING:
Upward Fining
SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES:
Parallel Lamination
HARDNESS:
Soft Sheets
Harder than A
ICHNOFAUNA:
Yes
Yes
CEMENTATION:
No
Yes
FRACTURES:
Yes
Yes
HYDROCARBON/ORGANIC MATTER STAIN:
Yes
No
LITHOLOGY:
Mudstone
Ironstone
HETEROGENEITIES:
Beds of Sand-rich muds
Carbonate Concretions
DIAGENETIC FEATURES:
Oolitic
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT:
Marine
Marine
Interpretation:
Vertical fractures may be due to outcrop uplift, which resulted in pressure relief and appearance
of fractures. This has to be taken in account, since in the original deposition (if the system were
located in the subsurface); the lack of faults may yield different interpretations concerning
analogues with source rock quality.
The Ichnofauna present can support the evidence of rock-age (Jurassic) and depositional
environments, as Belemnites (squid-like animals) were found, an indication of near-shore to midshelf oceans (Source: [5]), therefore, a marine environment.
The different Units are due to cycles of sea-level. Unit A (mudstone) was deposited in deep sealevel and Unit B (ironstone) in low sea-level.
Ironstone was present in 2 thick and 5 thin observable layers. Figure 3 shows these layers of
ironstone marked with arrows. Fig. 3 also shows fractures found in the mudstones:

Figure 3 a) Layers of ironstone (Unit B) among mudstone (Unit A). b) Vertical Fractures
Exercise 2: Make a summary sketch log of the succession that you observe, noting any cycles present, the
scale of these cycles and the nature of these cycles. What are the implications of these cycles on the
reservoir properties and rock mechanics if this were a shale gas reservoir?
If this were a shale gas reservoir, hypothetically reaching kerogen maturity in the subsurface
(since the coastal rock are immature), the ironstone layers would serve as sealing mechanism, and
dissipators of artificially created fractures. The presence of vertical fractures could point to the preferred
orientation of the fractures when the hydraulic fracking production method were in effect. The fracking is
necessary because shale, although friable and with fair porosity (5-10%), has extremely low permeability
(around D) and pore size in nanometers. Fractures would form vertically, as overburden pressure (1) is
the principal stress.
The colorization indicates organic matter content, with light grey layers being around 1,5-2% TOC
(total organic carbon) and darker layers, more. So, the goldlock spot would be in the darker, more
fractured layer. A gamma ray log and neutron/density logs after a well is drilled may help identify gas
areas, with the former indicating clay-rich, organic-rich layers and the latter indicating gas presence when
the logs cross and separate. Vertical permeability would increase with the hidro-frac, so, a horizontal well
placed within the cycles could yield a better production rate than a vertical well that goes through all the
cycles (since there is reservoir compartmentalization) .
10

Figure 4 Sketch log of Exercise 2, showing the cycles of mudstone (A) and ironstone (B)
Exercise 3: Jet Rock, Port Mulgrave
Go up to the cliff and examine closely the rock types. Make notes on the lithology, any sedimentary
structures, fossil content and diagenetic features. Take care not to go under dangerous sections and
always wear your hard hat.? What do you think the potential is for this rock to be a source rock or a shale
reservoir?
Description:
UNIT A
UNIT B
COLOR:
Grey
Beige
COMPOSITION:
Mud/Clay
Iron
GRAIN-SIZE:
Clastic Silt
GRAIN-SORTING:
TRENDING:
Parallel Lamination
HARDNESS:
Soft Sheets
Harder than A
ICHNOFAUNA:
Yes
Yes
CEMENTATION:
No
Yes
FRACTURES:
Yes
No
Yes
No
LITHOLOGY:
Mudstone
Ironstone
HETEROGENEITIES:
Beds of Sand-rich muds
Carbonate Concretions
Oolitic
Marine
Marine
Interpretation:
11

Similar to the Cleveland Formation, but with the units being more homogeneous (harder to
identify) and with more fractures and faults (fractures with movement/separation) noted.
The Ichnofauna present can support the evidence of rock-age (Jurassic) and depositional
environments, Ammonite (cephalopod-molluscs-like animals) was found in the mudstone section
on the floor of the outcrop, an indication of near-shore to mid-shelf oceans (Source: [5]),
therefore, a marine environment.
Ironstone was present in brittled pebbles/boulders among the layers of mudstone. The
cementation of the ironstone occurred in a reducing environment. Some of these boulders were
orange colored in the edges, being a result of oxidation due to water action (iron sulfide) after the
uplift.
The formation is quite ductile, explaining the diverse fractures and the hardness for identifying
clear visible lithology units.
The different Units are due to cycles of sea-level. Unit A (mudstone) being deposited in deep sealevel and Unit B (ironstone) in low sea-level. The difference with the Cleveland formation may be
that the environment was more agitated, dont allowing the layers of to deposit plainly, resulting
in a more complicated lithofacies division.
The colorization of mudstone indicates organic matter content, with dark grey layers being
around 4% TOC (total organic carbon), a good number for a potential source rock (better than the
Staithes mudstone). The marine depositional environment yields a Type II kerogen, which may
generate good quality liquid hydrocarbons. For a shale reservoir, the rock is worse than the Staithes
mudstones, as there are more heterogeneities, incrustations and compartmentalization that may
cause instability in the hydraulic fracking.
Figure 5 a) Fossil of Ammonite b) Photo showing iron incrustations, fractures and oxidation
12

Petroleum Engineering EART30442
Name:
Maximiano Kanda Ferraz
Student Number:
9568640
Whitby
Exercise 1: Go up to the cliff and examine closely the rock types. Make notes on the reservoir lithology,
major contacts between units and any sedimentary structures, fossil content, diagenetic features. Take
care not to go under dangerous sections and always wear your hard hat.Interpret the environment of
deposition and reservoir properties. West Cliff
Description:
UNIT A
COLOR:
Light Brown
COMPOSITION:
Sand
GRAIN-SIZE:
Coarse
GRAIN-SORTING:
Well Sorted
TRENDING:
Upward fining
Cross-bed stratification
HARDNESS:
ICHNOFAUNA:
No
CEMENTATION:
No
FRACTURES:
No
No
LITHOLOGY:
Sandstone
HETEROGENEITIES:
Fluvio-Deltaic
UNIT B
Dark Brown
Sand
Fine
Medium Sorted
No
No
No
No
Sandstone
Clay lamination/Iron
Fluvio-Deltaic
Interpretation:
The depositional environment is a truncation (Fluvial/Deltaic/Coastal), with input of terrestrial

and marine sediments and organisms (although no fossil was found).
Sandstones with black areas show erosion and oxidation of iron sediments.
There is a 20 dip in the structural stratigraphy, showed in (Figure 6).
A sedimentary structure noted was cross-bedding stratification (Figure7).
13

Figure 6 Dip observed in Whitby Sandstone
Figure 7 Cross-bedding in Whitby Sandstone
14

Exercise 2: Sketch (in landscape format) from a distance, the cliff section, noting the main lithological units (facies),
nature of contacts, faults and major fractures and architecture of the system .
Figure 8 Sketch of Whitby Cliffs formations

Exercise 3: Reservoir Distribution
Discuss the reservoir properties, lateral connectivity and distribution of reservoir units, and implications
for a subsurface development. Is there any information you could use to predict lateral extent of the
reservoir?
The coarser sandstone is a bad quality reservoir, as there is poor grain selection, more
cementation and not much lateral connectivity.
The finer sandstone is a better quality reservoir, with more porosity and permeability. As there is
compaction of the sand, the favorable production direction is horizontal (Kh>Kv).
15

Petroleum Geoscience EART30442


Student Number:
9568640
Staithes Sandstone
Exercise 1: On the log paper provided, log the section from the beach to about 2 m up the cliff. Take care
of the cliff and falling rocks. Wear you hard hat.Note the lithology, grain size, sedimentary structure,
ichnofauna, surface (erosional or gradational, and cementation. Extra marks allotted for good notes and
observations. Divide the section into a number of Facies / Facies Associations which have similar
properties
Figure 9 Logging of 2 meters section Staithes Sandstone
16

Exercise 2: Sketch some characteristic sedimentary structures you have observed.
Figure 10 Sedimentary Structures found in Staithes Sandstone

What is the Depositional Environment?
Shallow Marine
Exercise 3: Discuss the reservoir properties of the Staithes Sandstone. Note porosity/permeability,
heterogeneity, vertical versus horizontal flow properties. Use observations from both sides of the
harbour.
The Staithes sandstone Formation is a good reservoir as it is composed mainly (as seen in the
logged section) by well sorted medium-grained sand, without huge amounts of clay particles to
reduce permeability and without calcite cementation to reduce porosity. The ironstone layer above it
provides a good seal and trap (this can be better seen on the right side of the harbor) for the
hydrocarbon.
The preferred flow orientation would be horizontally, as parallel laminations were found. So, a
vertical well drilled in the formation would take advantage of that. A certain dip (12) in the left side
could be good in a way that the lighter oil and gas would accumulate at the top of the reservoir
17

easier, and the water-oil contact would be located in a higher depth. This situation allows the
proposed vertical well proposed above to continue producing longer.
The left side of the harbor has better quality reservoir rock material. The right side of the harbor
was observed at a distance, but it was possible to note that the sandstone was grey in color,
indicating shaly beds. It was also possible to see sandstones with black areas that show erosion and
oxidation of iron sediments. Heterogeneities were found, and seen in the logged section, with a
~80cm extent pinch out shell inside the sandstone. The depositional environment is a shallow marine
ambient, the same as the Cleveland Ironstone Formation, and confirmed with the fossils found. Figure
11 is a sketch of the both sides of the harbor.
Figure 11 Drawing of the Staithes Sandstone Fm. and others in the Staithes Harbour
18

Petroleum Geoscience EART30442


Student Number:
9568640
Flamborough Head
Exercise 1: Go up to the cliff and examine closely the rock types. Make notes on the lithology,and any
sedimentary structures, fossil content, diagenetic features. Take care not to go under dangerous sections
and always wear your hard hat. Interpret the environment of deposition.
Description:
COLOR:
COMPOSITION:
SKELETAL ASSEMBLAGES:
CEMENTATION:
FRACTURES:
LITHOLOGY:
HETEROGENEITIES:
White
Calcite
Stylolites
Yes
Yes
No
Chalk
Faults
Cementation
Calm waters (marine shelf)
Interpretation:
Like any carbonate, the deposition of chalk took place in medium-deep calm water, in a nontropical environment and, with the collision of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, the
deposits were raised to the surface.
Horizontal Stylolites (removal of mineral due to pressure dissolution) were identified. Thrust
faults are also present, both result of these movements. Figure 12 show these.
Figure 12 a) Stylolites b) Major Fault in the Flamborough Chalk
19

Exercise 2: In terms of the petroleum system, what potential could this lithology have? What are its
characteristics that would make it a good reservoir or a seal?
The chalk is a very fine-grained shelly limestones, and it can take places of a reservoir or sealing
rock in a petroleum play system, depending on how faulty or fractured it is. As a carbonate, the chalk has
a complex pore system, and the amount of microporosity may affect how stable the rock is to attain
overburden pressure. More cracks make the rock compact and act as a seal.
Chalk would behave as a good reservoir only with flow paths through uncemented fractures.
Fractures are naturally occurring planar discontinuities that forms as a result of deformation (Nelson,
2001). The fractures create permeability architecture that cross-cuts the matrix pore system. Also, more
stiff porosity (moldic, vugular, interparticle) makes the rock more resistant to compaction, stable and
could increase its porosity for it to store economical amounts of hydrocarbon.
Exercise 3: Fractures: Examine closely the fracture network. Draw how the fractures are distributed.
What implications would this have in the subsurface for productivity, and how would this determine your
development strategy?
The chalk analyzed would be a Type 3 carbonate reservoir (low matrix permeability and good
fracture permeability). The fracture density is around 5-7/meter and increases when near faults (10), due
to stress increase. The dip of the stratigraphy also increases for the same reason. Thinner beds generate
more fractures, as they suffer relatively higher amounts of stress than thicker beds, which dissipate the
strain in wider areas. Figure 13 is a drawing of the fractures distribution in the formation.
To determine where to drill the well, it would be necessary to run a wireline borehole image log,
as it is good to characterize the matrix/distribution of fractures. Seismic would not show much contrast
between the formation and it does not have the resolution to identify smaller elements in the system. A
deviated well would be better than a vertical well to optimize production, since the main fracture/flow
orientation is NW/SE, with the main big faults having 270 0W, 260 0W and 315 0NW orientation.
The development strategy has to take in account that highly fractured reservoirs have a higher
flow area, but can lose pressure quickly. To calculate this, before beginning full production, it would be
interesting to run a pressure test (open flow for a period of time, then closing the production to observe
how the pressure recuperates inside the reservoir). Laboratory analysis of core would provide information
about the pore system and wettability. The ideal method of production is a low flow rate deviated well,
near a fault, with constant downhole pressure monitorance and an elevation technique, such as gas lift.
Figure 13 Formation sketch, with Fracture and fault network
20

4. CONCLUSIONS
The reported practical wok aimed to characterize the geology formations described. Like any
practical, is subject to measurement errors, errors inherent in equipment and even human error.
However, it was obtained satisfactory, suitable and consistent results with the literature and
presented theory.
A way to improve the report would be to add more detailed comparisons between what was
seen and the scientific papers published regarding the Yorkshire coast. In an eventual
circumstance to redo the fieldwork, it would be interesting to obtain samples for further laboratory
analysis, as well as collect more data like logging outcrop sections outside of Whitby.
5. REFERENCES
[1] British Geological Survey. IPR/123-16CT. Available at: http://www.thegeologytrusts.org (Accessed:

22/04/2015).
[2] Google Maps. Available at http://www.maps.google.co.uk/ (Accessed: 22/04/2015).
[3] Hollis, Cathy. 2015. Formation Evaluation Class Notes.
[4] Rite in the Rain, 2012. Geological Field Book N540F.
[5] Shimmin, Joe, 2008. An introduction to Belemnites, An introduction to Ammonites. . Available
at http://www.ukfossils.co.uk/guides/ (Accessed: 26/04/2015).
[6] Taylor, Kevin, 2015. Fieldwork II Class Notes.
[7] The University of Manchester, 2015. Petroleum Engineering Laboratory.
[8] Thomas, J. E, 2010. Fundamentos de Engenharia do Petrleo. Rio de Janeiro, Intercincia.
[9] Walker, J.D., Geissman et al. 2012. Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0. The Geological Society of
America.
21

Fieldwork II Geology

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BEng Petroleum Engineering

Fieldwork Practical Report - Northeast England Field

Maximiano Kanda Ferraz (SwB UG) ID 9568640

Manchester, April 2015

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

2 WORK METHODS .......................................................................................... 6

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

1.1 Learning Outcomes & Objectives

Draw conclusions on a petroleum engineering point of view, based on the topics

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Figure 1 Locations visited in Yorkshire Coast-UK. Source: [2]

Table 1 Summary of the Formations visited

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Grain-Size/Sorting Reference Geology Sheet

Sedimentary Structures/Lithology Reference Geology Sheet

Hard Hat/Plastic Helmet

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Correct handling of the materials.

Avoid roadside exposure, as it provides risk from traffic.

Avoid work near cliffs or overhanging rocks.

Wearing a hard hat all the time in the field.

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Petroleum Engineering EART30442

Name: Maximiano Kanda Ferraz

Yorkshire Coast Field Course 2015

Staithes and Port Mulgrave Mudstones

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Petroleum Engineering EART30442

Maximiano Kanda Ferraz

Yorkshire Coast Field Course 2015

The depositional environment is a truncation (Fluvial/Deltaic/Coastal), with input of terrestrial

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Figure 6 Dip observed in Whitby Sandstone

Figure 7 Cross-bedding in Whitby Sandstone

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Figure 8 Sketch of Whitby Cliffs formations

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Petroleum Geoscience EART30442

Name: Maximiano Kanda Ferraz

Figure 9 Logging of 2 meters section Staithes Sandstone

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Exercise 2: Sketch some characteristic sedimentary structures you have observed.

Figure 10 Sedimentary Structures found in Staithes Sandstone

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Petroleum Geoscience EART30442

Name: Maximiano Kanda Ferraz

Figure 12 a) Stylolites b) Major Fault in the Flamborough Chalk

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

Figure 13 Formation sketch, with Fracture and fault network

EART30442 Kevin Taylor BEng Petroleum Engineering ID 9568640

[1] British Geological Survey. IPR/123-16CT. Available at: http://www.thegeologytrusts.org (Accessed:

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