CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
With the advent of globalisation and virtualisation, the education and the
process of knowledge impart has taken a turn. From being a part of virtual classrooms
to learning while playing games, everything is a part of the umbrella term we call elearning. The learning avenue has been broadened significantly and new innovations
are coming up day and night. E-learning today is just a glimpse of tomorrows
technology today.
The dissemination of education has been a noble initiative since the early
ages in history. Scholars have travelled leagues in quest for knowledge and education.
Chinese scholars who visited India have been revered largely in the history books in
India. With the advent of technology, this process has been facilitated in a major
way. The travel has become easier and the knowledge is available online. The latest
technological platforms have allowed for innovations in the field of e-learning.
Knowledge is now not restricted to the esoteric societies in far off areas. Knowledge
hunt has become a journey, not only in the real world but also the virtual world.
People can now know about new things sitting in the comfort of their rooms. One can
venture to the depths of the pacific sitting on a screen, stroll through the Dubai
airport or listen to the most complex lectures in the world sitting in the comfort of
ones home.
Along with the development of technology and information very rapidly,
the use of internet in education continues to grow, especially in the field of higher
education distance. Internet use in the area of education is used as an alternative
learning activity. Learning process is no longer focused on a central educational
institutions such as colleges, schools, courses, and other training centers, but have
changed the learning process without coming to the meeting place where the learning
process implemented. E-learning is a form of learning methods that are considered to
be student centered. The use of e-learning is expected to motivate the improvement of
the quality of learning and teaching materials, the quality of the activity and
independence of students, as well as the communication between teachers and
students and among students.

B. Purpose
1. To know and understand the definition of e-learning.
2. To know and understand the characteristics of e-learning.
3. To know and understand the benefits of e-learning.
4. To know and understand the selection of e-learning materials.
5. To know and understand the implementation of e-learning strategy.
6. To know and understand the Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning.
C. Problem Formulation
1. What definition of e-learning?
2. History of e-learning ?
3. How do the characteristics of e-learning itself?
4. What are the benefits of e-learning?
5. What must be considered in the selection of e-learning materials?
6. How does e-learning strategy for implementing it?
7. what are the components of E-learning?
8. What are the strenght and weakness of e-learning?

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition E learning/Electronic Learning
E-learning is an electronic based learning process. One medium used is a
computer network. With the development in computer networks allow to be
developed in the form of web-based, so that subsequently developed into a wider

network computer internet. Presentation of web-based e-learning can be more

interactive. This e-learning system has no access restrictions, that allows the lecture
can be done much more time (Nugroho, 2007). Many people use different the terms
with e-learning, but in principle an e-learning is learning to use electronic services as
supporting equipment. E-learning is a learning technology is relatively new in
Indonesia (Tafiardi, 2005). The term e-learning can be defined as a form of applied
information technology in education in the form of virtual schools. And The term elearning is used as a term for any technology used to support the efforts of teaching
via the internet electronic technology. Therefore, the term e-learning is more
appropriately addressed in an effort to create a transformation process of teaching and
learning in your school / university into a digital form that is bridged by the Internet
technology (Purbo & Hartanto, 2002).
E-learning is kind of a big deal and its getting more popular every day. As of
2015, 80 percent of organizations use some form of online training and 30 percent of
all corporate training is e-learning. But when it comes down to getting organizational
buy-in for e-learning, many folks are challenged to aptly explain the clear advantages
and address the potential disadvantages e-learning poses.
B. The history of e learning.
The term "e-learning" has only been in existence since 1999, when the word
was first utilized at a CBT systems seminar. Other words also began to spring up in
search of an accurate description such as online learning and virtual learning.
However, the principles behind e-learning have been well documented throughout
history, and there is even evidence which suggests that early forms of e-learning
existed as far back as the 19thcentury.
An e-learning history timeline
Long before the internet was launched, distance courses were being offered to
provide students with education on particular subjects or skills. In the 1840s Isaac
Pitman taught his pupils shorthand via correspondence. This form of symbolic writing
was designed to improve writing speed and was popular amongst secretaries,
journalists, and other individuals who did a great deal of note taking or writing.
Pitman, who was a qualified teacher, was sent completed assignments by mail and he
would then send his students more work to be finished using the same system.
In 1924, the first testing machine was invented. This device allowed students
to tests themselves. Then, in 1954, BF Skinner, a Harvard Professor, invented the

teaching machine, which enabled schools to administer programmed instruction to

their students. It wasnt until 1960 however that the first computer based training
program was introduced to the world. This computer based training program (or CBT
program) was known as PLATO-Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching
Operations. It was originally designed for students attending the University of Illinois,
but ended up being used in schools throughout the area.
The first online learning systems were really only set up to deliver information
to students but as we entered the 70s online learning started to become more
interactive. In Britain the Open University was keen to take advantage of e-learning.
Their system of education has always been primarily focused on learning at a
distance. In the past, course materials were delivered by post and correspondence with
tutors was via mail. With the internet the Open University began to offer a wider
range of interactive educational experiences as well as faster correspondence with
students via email etc.
Online learning today
With the introduction of the computer and internet in the late 20th century, elearning tools and delivery methods expanded. The first MAC in the 1980s enabled
individuals to have computers in their homes, making it easier for them to learn about
particular subjects and develop certain skill sets. Then, in the following decade,
virtual learning environments began to truly thrive, with people gaining access to a
wealth of online information and e-learning opportunities.
By the early 90s several schools had been set up that delivered courses online
only, making the most of the internet and bringing education to people who wouldn't
previously have been able to attend a college due to geographical or time constraints.
Technological advancements also helped educational establishments reduce the costs
of distance learning, a saving that would also be passed on to the students - helping
bring education to a wider audience.
In the 2000s, businesses began using e-learning to train their employees. New
and experienced workers alike now had the opportunity to improve upon their
industry knowledge base and expand their skill sets. At home individuals were
granted access to programs that offered them the ability to earn online degrees and
enrich their lives through expanded knowledge.
C. Characteristics of E-Learning
According to Rosenberg (2001) are the characteristics of e-learning network,
which allows him to improve quickly, keep or bring back, distributing, and sharing of

learning and information. E-learning characteristics according Nursalam (2008: 135)

following :
1. Utilize the service of electronic technology.
2. Utilize the power of the computer (digital media and computer networks)
3. Using the teaching materials which is independent (self-learning materials) is then
stored in the computer, so it can be accessed by teachers and learners anytime and
anywhere.
4. Utilizing the schedule of learning, the curriculum, the results of the learning
progress, and matters relating to the administration of education can be viewed at
any time on the computer.
D. Benefits of E learning
Benefits of e-learning consists of four things:
1. Increasing levels of learning interaction between learners and teachers or
instructors (Enhance interactivity).
2. Allows learning interaction from anywhere and at any time (time and place
flexibility)
Considering the learning resources that are packaged electronically and is
available to be accessed by students via the Internet, the learners can interact with
these learning resources anytime and from anywhere. Likewise with the tasks of
learning activities, can be submitted to the instructor so completed. No need to
wait until there is an appointment to meet with the teacher / instructor.
3. Learn to be independent. E-learning provides an opportunity for learners
independently in control of the learning success.
4. Cost Efficiency. E-learning gives administrative cost efficiency for the organizers,
efficiency and provision of physical facilities for learning and cost efficiency for
learners is the cost of transport and accommodation.
5. Easing refinement and storage of instructional materials (easy updating of content
as well as archivable capabilities).
Benefits of e-learning by Pranoto, et al (2009: 309) is:
1. The use of e-learning to support the implementation of the learning process can
2.
3.
4.
5.

increase the absorption of students on the material being taught.

Increase the active participation of the learner.
Increase self-learning ability of students.
Improving the quality of teachers and training materials.
Increase the capability of displaying information with information technology
devices, where the device is extremely difficult to do.

E. Selection of E-Learning Materials

Criteria to be considered in the selection of materials for e-learning are :

1. Based computer
a. contains new information
b. clearly stated learning objectives
c. learners can determine its ability (understanding) through exercises on line.
d. No feedback on assessment results.
2. Paying more attention on learning media.
a. Knowledge: 11% through 83% through hearing and sight, and another 6% use
other senses
b. the ability of memory: 20% of hearing and 50% through 30% of vision and
other senses.
3. Interesting and memorable
a. variations of text,
b. multicolored.
c. Graphics
d. Many animation
e. Simulation
f. Audio
g. Video
4. The cost efficiency
More economize just use a computer or laptop .and can also use mobile phones.
F. E-Learning Implementation Strategy
As for strategy implementation of e-learning models, there are at least four models
that can be used in the implementation of e-learning in schools. Each of the models
used have advantages and disadvantages of each. Selection depends on
telecommunications infrastructure and equipment available at the school. These
models are :
1. Selective Model
If the number of computers is limited, it can be shown to students as a
demonstration only. If there are multiple computers, learners are given the
opportunity to get a little hands-on experience.
2. Sequential Model
If the number of computers a little, the students in small groups moving from one
set of resources to another source. E-learning materials are used as reference
material or material new information. If there are multiple computers, learners are
given the opportunity to gain hands-on experience.
3. Static Station Model
If the number of computers a bit, teachers have several different sources to
achieve the same learning objective. E-learning materials used by several groups
of learners when other learners use other sources to achieve the same learning
goals.
4. Laboratory Model

If sufficient number of computers for all students, the e-learning materials can be
used by all learners as self-learning materials. This model may be used if the
school has a computer device that is equipped with internet network.
G. Components of E-learning.
By Anonymous (2009) E-learning integrated / formed has the following components :
1. E-Learning Infrastructure
E-Learning infrastructure comprised of personal computer (PC), a computer
network, internet and multimedia equipment. Including teleconferencing
equipment when we deliver services synchronous learning via teleconference.
2. Systems and Applications e-Learning
System software to virtualize conventional teaching and learning process. How
class management, the manufacture of the material or the content, discussion
forums, a scoring system (report cards), online examination system and all the
features associated with the management of the learning process. The software
system is often called the Learning Management System (LMS).
3. Knowledge Management System / Knowledge Management System (KMS)
Knowledge Management System is used for recording and storing knowledge,
both formal and based on experience, into digital form for easy access to the user
depending on the authorization level of each
Knowledge Management System features consist of:
a. Data collection is a collection (pictures, historical crafts, painting, etc.) that
are often associated with interests or hobbies of objects (full mouth); or
collection of related research study.
b. Data digitalization is data related with grade for the calculation system.
c. Indexing and knowledge sharing.
4. Electronic Library / electronic library (e-Library)
E-Library is a service of IT (Information Technology) integrated for digital library
management (digital library). LEN e-library provides a flexible and customized /
tailored according to user needs.
5. Mobile Learning / Learning to use the phone.
Mobile learning adds to the usefulness of e-learning system. Mobile learning
include: content, content development tools (mobile learning author), and mobile
phone tracking system (mobile device tracking system).
H. Strenght and weakness of e-learning
There are some advantages comes from e-learning. The first is well-designed
e-learning programs can improve learners confidence (Donelly, Benson and Kirk

2012: 41). Besides (2007) that, Bates also claims some advantages of e-learning. They
are as follows
1. To meet flexible needs of todays learners. Todays students prefer something that
is flexible as well as learning. E-learning provides flexible processes and materials
accessed.
2. To enhance teaching and learning. Bates agrees that e-learning are able to increase
the value of teaching and learning activity. It can come from its efficiency and its
other strength.
3. To better prepare students for the requirements of business and industry. The
unlimited materials and technological usability become the positive value that
comes e-learning. It supports students to have more knowledge for business and
industry.
4. To develop independent learning skills through exposure to online programming.
E-learning demands learners to become a center of learning process. The learners
of e-learning can train their skills independently.
5. Low cost, reduce the cost of education as a whole (infrastructure, equipment,
books)
The advantages of e-learning are seen as power comes from the processes
by which learners role are center and independent in the learning process.
However, the process is the main structure of learning and it is essential in
determining advantages and disadvantages of learning
The weakness of E learning
Use the Internet for learning or e-learning can not be separated from various
disadvantages among others, can be mentioned as follows :
1. Lack of interaction between teacher and students indeed between studens
themselves. The lack of interaction can slow the formation of values in the
2.
3.
4.
5.

teaching-learning process.
For people who stutter technology, this system difficult to implement.
Process of learning and teaching tends towards training rather than education.
Students who do not have a high learning motivation tends to fail.
Access speed is not stable.

I. Media of E learning
a. Computer.
b. Mobile phone.
J. Filosofis of E-learning.
According to Cisco (within Suyanto, 2005) there are some philosophical of elearning, there are :

1. E-learning is the delivery of information, communication, education, training,

online.
2. E-learning provides a set of tools that can enrich the learning value in the
conventional (conventional learning models, the study of text books, CD-ROMs,
and computer-based training) so that it can respond to the challenges globalosasi
development.
3. E-learning does not mean replacing the conventional model of learning in the
classroom, but reinforce the learning model through the enrichment of content and
the development of educational technology.
4. The capacity of students variation depending on the form of content and method
of delivery. The better the alignment between the content and tools with a
transmitter of learning styles, so it is better student capacity, which in turn will
give better results.

BAB III
FINAL

A. Conclusion
E-Learning is a system or education concept that use of information
technology in teaching and learning. E-Learning is also an approach to learning via
computers connected to the Internet, which the participants attempt to obtain learning
materials that fit their needs. In the learning process there are many methods that can
be done by educators or teachers in learning activities in the classroom. One thing that

should be emphasized and understood is that e-learning can not completely replace
conventional learning activities in the classroom. But e-learning can be a partner or
complementary with konvensianal studying in class. E-learning, Learning
Independence is "Basic Thrust" electronic learning activities, but this type of learning
activity still requires sufficient interaction in an effort to maintain quality.
B. Suggestion
We recommend learning and training using e-learning as a tool to convey
meteri be effective and efficient in terms of time and place.

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