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PRACTICE TESTS
PHYSICS B
You must take the entire B exam as follows:
First 90 minutes
2 minute interval
Second 90 minutes
Each multiple choice question has equal weight. Rulers or straight-edges may be used in
both sections. However, calculators and the formula sheet provided may be used in
Section II only, NOT in Section I.
Show all work in answering the free response questions in Section II. Each question is
worth either 10 or 15 points, and the suggested time for answering the question is about 1
minute per scoreable point. The parts within a question may not have equal weight.
Calculators may not be shared. A table of information that may be helpful is on the
following page.
105
Practice Test 1
TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
1 unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66x10-27 kg
= 931 MeV/c2
Proton mass
mp = 1.67x10-27 kg
Neutron mass
mn = 1.67x10-27 kg
Electron mass
me = 9.11x10-31 kg
Electron charge
e = 1.6x10-19 C
Avagadros number
No = 6.02x1023 mol-1
Universal gas constant
R = 8.31 J/(mol K)
Boltzmanns constant
kB = 1.38x10-23 J/K
Speed of light
c = 3x108 m/s
Plancks constant
h = 6.63x10-34 J s
= 4.14x10-15 eV s
hc = 1.99x10-25 J m
= 1.24x103 eV nm
Vacuum permittivity
o = 8.85x10-12 C2/Nm2
Coulombs law constant K = 9.0x109 Nm2/C2
Vacuum permeability
o = 4x10-7 T m/A
Univ. gravitational constant G = 6.67x10-11 m3/kgs2
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2
1 atmosphere pressure 1 atm = 1.0x105 Pa
1 electron volt
1eV = 1.6x10-19 J
1 angstrom
1 = 1x10-10 m
UNITS
Name
Symbol
meter
m
kilogram
kg
second
s
ampere
A
Kelvin
K
mole
mol
hertz
Hz
newton
N
Pascal
Pa
Joule
J
watt
W
coulomb
C
volt
V
ohm
henry
H
farad
F
tesla
T
Celsius
C
electron-volt eV
PREFIXES
Factor
109
106
103
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
Prefix
giga
mega
kilo
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
Symbol
G
M
K
c
m
n
p
VALUES OF
TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS FOR
COMMON ANGLES
sin
cos
tan
0
0
1
0
30
3/2 3/3
37 3/5
4/5
45 2/2 2/2 1
53 4/5
3/5
4/3
60 3/2
3
90 1
0
106
Practice Test 1
PHYSICS B
SECTION I
Time 90 minutes
70 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer
sheet.
Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s2 in all problems.
1. The water in a river is running due west with a
speed of 4 m/s. A boy in a boat tries to cross the
river by rowing due south at 3 m/s. The velocity
of the boat relative to the shore is
(A) 12 m/s SW
(B) 7 m/s SW
(C) 5 m/s SW
(D) 4/3 m/s SW
(E) 1 m/s SW
(D)
x
Questions 2 - 3.
A child on a skateboard crosses a line on the
sidewalk traveling with a speed of 2 m/s when he
begins accelerating at a constant rate of 2 m/s2.
(B)
v
t
t
(C)
(E)
v
t
t
Y
X
5. Consider the figure above which shows a ball
which is projected and follows a parabolic path.
Point Y is the highest point on the path, and air
resistance is negligible. Which of the following
best shows the direction of the acceleration of
the ball at point X?
(A)
(D)
(B)
(E)
(C)
107
Practice Test 1
Questions 6 - 8 relate to a ball thrown straight
up, reaching its maximum height in 3 s.
Air resistance may be neglected.
6. The initial velocity of the ball is most nearly
(A) 10 m/s
(B) 15 m/s
(C) 30 m/s
(D) 45 m/s
(E) 60 m/s
A
B
Questions 11 12:
A boat in still water of mass 1000 kg is being
pulled by ropes tied to two cars, causing the boat
to move along the dashed horizontal line as
shown above. The ropes make an angle of 45 to
the horizontal. The net force acting on the boat is
500 N. (sin 45 = cos 45 = 0.70, tan 45 = 1)
(A)
(D)
W
(B)
(E)
f
W
(C)
f
W
N
108
Practice Test 1
(A) The tension in the string is greater at point
III than at point I.
(B) The tension in the string is greater at point I
than at point III.
(C) The tension at point I is equal to the tension
at point III.
(D) The tension in the string is greatest at point
II.
(E) The tension in the string is the same at
points I, II, and III.
(B)
(E)
(C)
20N
g
5
g
(B)
4
g
(C)
3
(A)
(D) g
(E) 3g
Questions 15 16 A ball on the end of a string is
being swung in a vertical circle as shown below.
Points I, II, and III are labeled on the circle.
Questions 18 19.
A ball of mass m is thrown horizontally at a
vertical wall with a speed v and bounces off
elastically and horizontally.
I
II
(A) 2mv
(D)
mv
4
(E)
mv
2
(B) mv
(C) zero
109
Practice Test 1
(A) Fd
(B)
F
d
(C) Ft
F
(D)
t
d
(E)
t
(B)
(E)
F
(C)
m
m
(D)
F
d
(E)
t
21. The change in momentum of the block is
(A)
F
t
m
t
(C) Fd
(D) Ft
(B)
(E) mt
110
Practice Test 1
4m
Questions 30 31
A candle burns inside the metal container shown
above. The base of the candle is insulated from
the container. Three types of heat transfer are
listed below.
I.
II.
III.
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
111
Practice Test 1
32. If the average speed of the molecules of an
ideal gas is doubled, the temperature of the gas
(A) remains the same.
(B) is doubled.
(C) is halved.
(D) is quadrupled.
(E) is quartered.
a
b
M1
M2
r
Q1
Q2
I only
I and II only
II and III only
II only
III only
112
Practice Test 1
39. If the two charged masses above are placed
in space so that no other forces affect them, and
they remain at a distance r apart indefinitely,
which of the following is true?
both charges are positive.
(A)
Q1 is positive and Q2 is negative.
(B)
Q1 is negative and Q1 is positive.
(C)
Q1 = Q2
(D)
M1 = M2
(E)
A1
A2
+1
+2
-2
II.
(A)
(D)
(B)
(E)
O
(C)
O
III.
O
40. Which graph(s) can represent the kinetic
energy of the spring and mass as a function of
displacement x?
(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) II and III only
113
Practice Test 1
+
+
+
R
+
+
Questions 46 47
An isolated conducting sphere of radius R is
positively charged. Consider the following
graphs:
(A)
(D)
(B)
(E)
II
45. An electron is placed in the center of the
space between plates I and II above. The
subsequent motion of the electron is described
by which of the following?
(A) The electron accelerates toward plate I.
(B) The electron accelerates toward plate II.
(C) The electron moves with constant velocity
toward plate I.
(D) The electron moves with constant velocity
toward plate II.
(E) The electron remains at rest halfway
between the plates.
(C)
114
Practice Test 1
rA
rB = 2rA
rC = 2rB
(B) RC 4 R A
(C) RC 16 R A
1
RA
4
1
RA
(E) RC
16
(D) RC
2
1
4V
Questions 55 56
A circuit consists of a fully-charged capacitor
and a resistor as shown. The switch is initially
open.
115
Practice Test 1
55. Which of the graphs below represents the
current I in the circuit as a function of time after
the switch is closed?
(A)
(D)
(B)
(E)
(C)
d
I (in)
56. Which of the graphs above represents the
voltage V across the capacitor as a function of
time after the switch is closed?
I (out)
116
Practice Test 1
62. The length of the string is
(A) 1.50 m
(B) 0.75 m
(C) 0.50 m
(D) 0.25 m
(E) 0.10 m
Energy above
ground state
E4 = 8eV
E3 = 7eV
E2 = 5eV
E1 = 0
Questions 67 68 refer to the energy level
diagram for a hypothetical atom above. The
energy for each level is given above ground
state.
67. Which of the following photon energies
could NOT be emitted from this atom after it has
been excited to the 4th energy level?
(A) 1 eV
(B) 2 eV
(C) 3 eV
(D) 4 eV
(E) 7 eV
(D)
(B)
(E)
(C)
3f
2f
(A) Position 1
(B) Position 2
(C) Position 3
(D) Position 4
(E) Position 5
65. At which position could a candle be placed
so that a virtual image would be formed?
66. At which position could a candle be placed
so that an image smaller than the candle would
be formed?
117
Practice Test 1
W F s F cos s
NEWTONIANMECHANICS
KE
v vo
t
v vo at
W KE f KE 0
1
1
2
2
mv f mv 0
2
2
PE mgh
W g PE g mg h0 h f
1
( v o v )t
2
1
x v o t at 2
2
2
2
v vo 2ax
x
PE 0 KE 0 PE f KE f
W
t
P F v F cos v
P
p = mv
F Fnet ma
J = Ft = p = mv f mv 0
W mg
f s max s FN ( static )
xcm
f k k FN (kinetic)
FG
1
mv 2
2
Gm1 m 2
r2
m1 x1 m2 x 2
m1 m2
F
W x W2 x 2
x cg 1 1
W1 W2
2r
T
v2
ac
r
mv 2
Fc
r
GM E
v
r
v
Fs kx
1 2
kx
2
x A cos t
PE elastic
2
2f
T
m
TS 2
k
TP 2
T
118
1
f
l
g
Practice Test 1
1
T
v f
T
f
V
Pdepth P0 gh
P
sin
f n n
f n n
r i
FB W fluid gV fluid
1
R
2
ho
d
o
hi d i
f
TK TC 273.15
1
1
1
do di
f
L Lo T
m
PV nRT
di
do
c f
Vi
V
f (constant pressure)
Ti
Tf
KE avg
v rms
c
v
n1 sin 1 n2 sin 2
1
3
2
mv rms k B T
2
2
v avg 2
3RT
sin c
3k B T
n2
n1
ho
d
o
hi
di
1
1
1
do di
f
U U f U i Q W
W PV P (V f Vi )
W
e
QH
e
D
v
n 1,2,3,4,... (vibrating string and open tube)
2L
v
n 1,3,5,... (closed tube)
4L
TH TC
T
1 C
TH
TH
119
di
do
Practice Test 1
q
t
V
R
I
L
R
A
P IV
Rs R1 R2 R3 ...
I
m
, m 0,1,2,3,...
d
y
tan
L
vacuum
film
n
m film
t
, m 0,1,2,3,..
2
(destructive interference)
sin
1
1
1
1
...
Rp
R1 R2 R3
C P C1 C 2 C 3 ...
1
1
1
1
...
C s C1 C 2 C 3
1
m film
2
t
, m 0,1,2,3,..
2
(constructive interference)
sin
q CV
1
1
1 Q2
CV 2 QV
2
2
2 C
RC
UE
m
, m 0,1,2,3,..
W
kq q
1 q1 q 2
F 12 2
4 0 r 2
r
F
kq
1 q
E
2
q0 r
4 0 r 2
mv
qB
FB ILB sin
kq q
1 q1 q 2
EPE 1 2
r
4 0 r
V AB
W AB
EPE B EPE A
q0
q0
Vr
kq
1
r
4 0
FB
q 0 v sin
V
s
q CV
A
C 0
d
1
1
1 Q2
U E CV 2 QV
2
2
2 C
E
120
0 I
2r
Practice Test 1
E hf
vBL
I
R
BA cos
N
t
VS
NS
VP
NP
IS
N
P
IP
NS
P IV
c f
E photon E f Ei
E m c 2
1u 1.6726 x10 27 kg 931.5 MeV
A
Z
Rectangle A bh
1
Triangle A bh
2
2
Circle A r and C 2r
Parallelepiped V lwh
E hf
c f
Wo hf o
KEmax hf Wo eVstop
GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY
hc
h
1 cos
mc
ho ha h 2
mv
E pc
ho
h
h
cos a
h
h
tan o
ha
sin
h
ho
ha
121
Practice Test 1
60
25
1. (15 points)
A ball of mass 0.50 kg hangs from two strings at the angles shown. The longer string is
0.50 m long.
(a) Determine the tension in each string.
The shorter string is cut, and the longer string swings from a height h above the lowest
point of the swing.
25
L=0.50 m
Blade
(b) Determine
i. the height h from which the ball is dropped
ii. the potential energy at the height h
iii. the speed of the ball as it passes through its lowest point.
At the instant the ball passes through its lowest point, the string is cut by a razor blade at
a height of 1.20 m above the floor.
(c) Determine
i. the time the ball is in the air
ii. the horizontal distance the ball travels before striking the floor.
iii. the kinetic energy of the ball just before striking the floor.
122
Practice Test 1
2. (15 points)
A cart of mass 1.0 kg can roll freely on small wheels on a curved track as shown above.
The cart starts at a height of 0.80 m and rolls toward a cart of 3.0 kg attached to an
uncompressed spring of negligible mass at the bottom of the ramp. The two blocks stick
together on impact. A graph of Force F vs. displacement x for the spring is shown at the
left.
(a) Find the speed of the 1.0 kg cart at the bottom of the ramp.
(b) Determine the speed of the two blocks immediately after the collision.
(c) Using the graph at the left, determine the spring constant k.
(d) Determine the maximum compression of the spring after the collision.
(e) If the 3.0 kg block were removed and replaced with a plate of negligible mass, would
the maximum compression of the spring increase, decrease, or remain the same as in
part (d)? Justify your answer.
123
Practice Test 1
+
+
+
3. (15 points)
A metal ball is fixed to a wall and charged to Q = +4 nC. An uncharged metal ball of
mass m = 0.10 kg is hung by an insulating thread at a horizontal distance of d = 0.02 m
from center of the fixed ball.
(a) Assuming the hanging ball remains at a distance of 0.02 cm from the fixed ball, find
i. the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the location of the hanging ball.
ii. the electric potential at the location of the hanging ball.
There is now a charge of q = +4 nC placed on the hanging ball.
(b) If the force between the two charged balls is 1.60 x 10-4 N, determine the new
horizontal separation distance x between the balls as a result of both of them having a
charge. Neglect the small change in height of the hanging ball.
(c) Determine the work required to separate the charge the additional distance x when
the charge is placed on the hanging ball.
The hanging ball is discharged, and it swings like a pendulum toward the fixed ball,
touches it, and the balls are again separated to an equilibrium position.
(d) Would the new equilibrium separation distance of the two balls be greater than, less
than, or equal to the equilibrium separation distance determined in part (b)? Explain your
answer.
124
Practice Test 1
cm
5
20
50
35
65
80
95
100
4. (10 points)
A light bulb on a stand can be mounted on a 1.0-m long optical bench as shown above. A
convex lens and a concave mirror, each of focal length 15 cm, and a screen can also be
mounted on the bench. The convex lens is placed at the 50-cm mark of the bench, and the
light bulb is placed at the 5-cm mark.
(a) As the bulb is slowly moved toward the lens, describe the image formed by the lens.
Be sure to discuss the characteristics and changes in the image in terms of size,
whether the image is real or virtual, and its orientation. Note any significant object
distances as the candle moves toward the lens.
(b) On the diagram below, draw a sketch of the ray diagram for the bulb and lens when
the bulb is placed 15-cm from the lens. Briefly describe the image formed by the lens.
cm
5
20
65
35
80
95
50
The convex lens is removed, and the concave mirror is now placed at the 50-cm mark of
the bench, and the light bulb is placed at the 5-cm mark.
(c) As the bulb is slowly moved toward the mirror, describe the image formed by the
mirror. Be sure to discuss the characteristics and changes in the image in terms of size,
whether the image is real or virtual, and its orientation. Note any significant object
distances as the candle moves toward the mirror.
(d) The bulb is placed at an object distance which produces a real image on a screen. An
opaque card is then placed over the top half of the mirror. Describe the changes in the
real image, if any.
125
Practice Test 1
5. (10 points)
A ball of mass 0.01 kg and radius 0.01 m is placed on the surface of a liquid with a
density L = 1200 kg/m3. Determine
(a) the density of the ball
(b) the buoyant force acting on the ball
(c) the acceleration of the ball as it descends through the liquid.
126
Practice Test 1
P
B
a
6. (10 points)
A square loop of wire carries a current I = 0.20 A as it sits at rest in a uniform magnetic
field B = 0.40 T directed into the page. The square is 0.15 m on each side.
(a) Determine the magnitude and direction of the force acting on the side of the wire
labeled ab.
(b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field Bw due to the current in
the wire at point P, which is a perpendicular distance d = 0.05 m away from the wire.
(c) Will this loop of wire tend to expand, contract, or remain the same size in this
magnetic field? Explain.
P
(d) An electron traveling at a speed of 3.0 x 104 m/s passes through the magnetic field
through point P as shown above.
i. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force acting on the electron as it
passes point P.
ii. Draw arrows indicating the electric field that would need to be applied in order to
keep the electron moving in a straight line.
127
Practice Test 1
7. (15 points)
The electron energy levels for a mercury atom are shown below.
E=0
E4 = - 4.95
eV
E3 = -5.52 eV
E2 = -5.74 eV
E1 = - 10.38 eV
An electron in the ground state absorbs a photon which causes the electron to be raised to
the second energy level.
(a) Determine the following for the absorbed photon.
i. wavelength
ii. frequency
(b) State whether or not the absorbed photon is in the visible range. Explain your answer.
The electron absorbs a second photon of energy 10.00 eV while it is in the second energy
level of the atom.
(c) Find the following for the electron after it absorbs the 10.00 eV photon.
i. kinetic energy
ii. speed
iii. de Broglie wavelength
128
Practice Test 1
21. D
22. A
23. B
24. A
25. D
26. D
27. B
28. B
29. D
30. C
31. D
32. D
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. D
37. E
38. C
39. A
40. C
41. A
42. D
43. C
44. A
45. A
46. E
47. C
48. E
49. E
50. A
51. E
52. C
53. B
54. C
55. A
56. A
57. A
58. B
59. C
60. D
FT2
60
25
W
FT 1x FT 2 x
FT 1 cos 60 FT 2 cos 25
FT 1 y FT 2 y W
FT 1 sin 60 FT 2 sin 25 mg
129
61. C
62. B
63. D
64. D
65. E
66. A
67. D
68. A
69. B
70. D
Practice Test 1
Solving these two equations simultaneously for the tension forces gives
FT1 = 4.5 N and FT2 = 2.5 N
(b) 5 points
i. h L L sin 25 0.50m 0.50m sin 25 0.29m
ii. U mgh 0.50kg 10m / s 2 0.29m 1.44 J
iii. Conservation of energy
U top K bottom
mgh
v
1
mv 2
2
2 gh
(c) 5 points
2y
21.2m
0.49 s
g
10m / s 2
i. t
1
mv 2
2
1
0.50kg 2.4 m / s 2 7.44 J
2
2. (a) 3 points
Conservation of energy
mgh
v
1
mv 2
2
2 gh
2 10m / s 2 0.80m 4 m / s
(b) 2 points
Conservation of momentum
mv m M v
1.0kg 4m / s 1.0 m / s
v
4.0kg
(c) 3 points
The spring constant k is the slope of the F vs. x graph: k = 5 N/m
(d) 4 points
Conservation of energy
K U spring
1
m M v 2 1 kx 2
2
2
x
m M v2
k
4kg 1m / s 2
5N /m
0.89m
130
Practice Test 1
(e) 3 points
If the 3.0 kg mass were removed and replaced with a plate of negligible mass, then the
potential energy of the 1.0 kg block at maximum height would equal the potential energy
in the spring at maximum compression:
1 2
kx
2
2mgh
mgh
x
21kg 0.80m
0.57 m
5N /m
Nm 2
9.0 x10 9
4 x10 9 C
2
C
i.
KQ
E 2
9 x10 4 N / C
2
d
0.02m
Nm 2
9.0 x109
4 x10 9 C
2
C
ii.
KQ
V
1.8 x10 3V
d
0.02m
(b) 4 points
KQq
F 2
x
KQq
x
F
(c) 4 points
9.0 x10 9
Nm 2
C2
4 x10 9 C 4 x10 9 C
1.60 x10 4 N
0.03m
C
KQ
KQ
9
W qV q
4 x10 C
d
d
0
.
02
m
1
2
6
W 2.4 x10 J
9.0 x10 9
(d) 2 points
Less than the original separation distance, since each charge would be +2 nC.
131
Nm 2
4 x10 9 C
C 2
0.03m
Practice Test 1
4. (a) 3 points
The bulb begins at an object distance of 3 focal lengths, and the image begins as real,
inverted, and smaller than the object. When the bulb is at 2f, the image is real, inverted,
and the same size as the object. As the bulb moves toward f it becomes larger than the
object and is real and inverted. The image disappears, and there is no image when the
object distance is equal to the focal length. As the bulb moves inside the focal length, the
image becomes upright, larger than the object, and virtual.
(b) 3 points
The bulb is placed at do = 15 cm = f :
cm
5
20
35
65
80
95
The rays emerge from the lens parallel, and thus no image is formed.
(c) 2 points
As the bulb is moved toward the concave mirror, the images formed are exactly the same
at the same locations as the convex lens in part (a).
(d) 2 points
A real image will still be formed as it would be if half the mirror were not blocked, but
the image would be dimmer.
5. (a) 3 points
b
0.01 kg
m
m
2387.3 kg / m 3
4 3
4
V
3
r
0.01m
3
3
(b) 3 points
Fbuoy liquid gVdisplaced fluid 1200 kg / m 3 10m / s 2 4.19 x10 6 m 3 0.05 N
(c) 4 points
a
W Fbuoy
Fnet
0.10 N 0.05 N
5.0 m / s 2 downward.
m
m
0.01 kg
132
Practice Test 1
6. (a) 3 points
F ILB 0.20 A 0.15m 0.40T 1.2 x10 2 N directed down to the bottom of the
ii. The magnetic force on the electron is downward by the left-hand rule, so the electric
force to keep the electron moving in a straight line would point upward. Since the electric
field points in the direction a positive charge would experience a force, the electric field
should point downward in order to apply an upward force to the electron.
7. (a) 6 points
i.
hc 1240 eV nm
ii. f
c 3.00 x10 8 m / s
1.12 x1015 Hz
7
2.67 x10 m
(b) 2 points
This photon is not in the visible range of wavelengths, which is 400 nm to 700 nm.
(c) 7 points
i. K 10.00eV 5.74eV 4.26 eV 6.82 x10 19 J
2 6.82 x10 19 J
1.22 x10 6 m / s
31
9.11x10 kg
ii. v
2K
iii.
6.62 x10 34 J s
h
5.94 x10 10 m
31
6
mv 9.11x10 kg 1.22 x10 m / s
133
Practice Test 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
134