Grendy Firmanda

081311733019
Teknobiomedik

Sistem Instrumentasi Medis

Tugas-3 (EEG)
15 November 2015

13-1. What peak to peak output voltage level will be present from EEG input level of 50Vpp
and EEG system gain of 5000?
Answer
Vpp output

:
= Vpp input x gain
= 50V x 5000
= 25 x 10-2
= 0,25

Vpp output

13-2. From Figure 13-15b, what voltage gain will result if R3=150 k, R4=10 k, R6=5 k,
R7=100 k, and R8 is set to balance the diff-amp?
Answer
:
There is no picture
13-3. From Figure 13-15b, will the low frequency response be satisfactory id capacitor C1
leas and becomes 0.005F?
Answer
:
There is no picture
13-4. What common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), number ratio and dB, exists if the EEG
output is 1 Vpp (to a 100 Vpp EEG input) and the nosie output us 0.01mVpp (to a
100 noise input)
Answer
:
CMMR =

1
1
1

CMMR = 10

= 0.01

CMMR dB

= 20 log CMMRratio

CMMR dB

= 20 log(105)
= 100

13-9. Electroencephalography (EEG) result from Electric activity of the brain

13-10. EEG system include biopotential include, EEG signal conditioning, EEG signal
recording, EEG signal analysis
13-11. EEG records are used to detect cerebral brain lesions, study convulsive problem of
patients with epilepsy, assist in diagnosing mental disorders, study sleep patterns,
and observe and analysis brain responses tosensory stimuli
13-12. Neuronal action potentials can be measured with voltage differences between
points (electrodes) on the scalp.
13-13. EEG patterns are distinguished by alfa activity, beta activity, gamma activity, theta
and delta activity

Grendy Firmanda
081311733019
Teknobiomedik

Sistem Instrumentasi Medis

Tugas-3 (EEG)
15 November 2015

13-14. The 10-20 EEG electrode placement system derives its name form what
measurements?
Answer

From the measured nasion-inion distance and marking point on the (shaved) head
10,20,20,20,20 and 10 percents of the length
13-15. How many EEG are typically used?
Answer

4 types of electrodes
13-16. The EEG vertex electrode is half of what distance?
Answer

Half the length and width of human scalp

13-17. Why I a common or indifference point used for EEG recordings ?
Answer
:
because a common or indifference, point (erlobe) is used to supply the
amplifier input with an inactive reference.

differential

13-18. What is the difference between unipolar and bipolar recordings ?

Answer

Unipolar recording uses only one active electrode, bipolar recording uses two active
electrodes and measure the voltage differences between those electrodes, both
have one more electrode attached at the reference point (a point where no electric
activity is present) as ground.
13-19. EEG electrode resistance should be below what level ?
Answer
below 10k

13-20. State the typical amplitude range for EEG signals !

Answer

The amplitude should have range between 1- 100 V with the lowest frequency
between 0,5-100 Hz
13-21. List the names and frequency bands of EEG waveforms !
Answer

Delta ()

0,5-4 Hz

Grendy Firmanda
081311733019
Teknobiomedik
Theta ()
Alpha ()
Beta ()
Gamma ()

Sistem Instrumentasi Medis

Tugas-3 (EEG)
15 November 2015
4-8 Hz
8-13 Hz
13-22 Hz
22-30 Hz and higher.

13-22. EEG multichannel recording systems typically use how many channels ?
Answer

8 channels.
13-23. Montage refers to the selection of what connections ?
Answer
:
refer to specific electrode connected to EEG input amplifiers fo eventual graphic
display
13-24. List 10 typical EEG machine external controls and describe eac !
Answer
:
1. Gain or sensitivity multiplier switch selects sensitivity ranges usual X20, X4, X1,
X500, and X250
2. Gain control or sensitivity potentiometer sets the overall system gain (mush be
high enough to give good pen deglection but not high enough to clip EEC peaks).
Its usefull to plot gain in V
3. Low-frequency filter attenuator or high-pass filter switch selects
lowfrequencycutoff usually 0.16 Hz, 0.53 Hz, 1 Hz, and 5.3 Hz
4. High-frequency filter attenuator or low-pass filter switch- selects high- frequency
cut usually 15 Hz, 35 Hz, 50 Hz, 70 Hz, and 100 Hz
5. Sixty hertz, notch filter switch-connects or removes 50 Hz filtering (reduces 50 {0.5 Hz by -60dB typically but dpoes cause some signal phase distortion)
6. Calibration push button-sets 5 to 1000V peak to peak for ectangular-wave
calibration pen deflection
7. Baseline (position) potentiometer- sets graphic display baseline
8. Indivial electrode selection switches- select specific electrodes
9. Event marker push button- places a grahic display mark to identify desired events
10. Chart speed switch- select speed of graphic display chart paper usually 10, 15, 30,
and 60 mm/s
13-25. List the main sections of a typical EEG machine block diagram and describe the flow
of signals !
Answer

Grendy Firmanda
081311733019
Teknobiomedik

Sistem Instrumentasi Medis

Tugas-3 (EEG)
15 November 2015

13-26. List six typical EEG preamplifier (differential amplifier) characteristics !

Answer
:
1. Low internal noise
2. High agan (X5k do X10K)
3. High Common mode rejection ratio ( CMRR of 1 dB)
4. Lob frequency ac-coupled operatiom (1Hz and below)
5. Lob DC drift
6. High input impedance (10M) and above
13-27. List 10 typical EEG machine specifications !
Answer
:
1. 12M input impedance
2. 0,5 V/mm sensitivity
3. Sensitivity control
4. 5 to 1000Vcalibration voltages
5. CMRR : 2000 or 66dB minimum at 60 Hz and 10000 pr 80dB minimum at 10 Hz
6. Noise 1V (equivalent referred to input) with input shorted.
7. Low frequency attenuation, 30 % attenuation, 0,16 -5,3 Hz
8. High frequency response, 30% attenuation at 1 to 1000 Hz
9. 60 Hz notch filtering (50 dB down)
10. Chart speeds of 10 to 60 mm/s

Grendy Firmanda
081311733019
Teknobiomedik

Sistem Instrumentasi Medis

Tugas-3 (EEG)
15 November 2015

13-28. In sensory evoked potential systems, the averaging computer performs what two
function ?
Answer

13-29. List two uses for evoked potential studies !

Answer

13-30. EEG telemetry systems transmit signals (wireless) and are used for which type of
patients ?
Answer

Answer: to transfer the EEG from the patients cranium to a remote site without
encumbering wires and EEG telementry is useful for the children or mentally
disturbed person who may be uncooperative in the data gathering process
13-31. List four types of EEG artifacts !
Answer
:
Artifact due to Electrode :
Improper positioning
Poor contact/electrode in the cap holding them
Dried-out gel, oozing of tissue fluid in the needle electrodes
Frayed connections, sweating

Artifact due to physiological interference :

The heart ECG, tongue/facial/eye/skeletal muscle movement
High scalp impedance; breathing

Artifact due to electrical interference :

60~common mode interference
Radio frequency interference due to use of an electrical surgical unit
Defibrillation, presence of pacemakers and neural stimulators

13-32. List six typical EEG machine / system faults !

Answer
:
Poor patient electrode connection, there was a problem that may caused by high
impedance connections to the scalp or broken electrode wire.

Grendy Firmanda
081311733019
Teknobiomedik

Sistem Instrumentasi Medis

Tugas-3 (EEG)
15 November 2015

Cable connection problem, caused by broken wires and bent connector pins
Incorrect switch positions, caused by operator error or broken knob indicator
Broken switches, faulty switch contact
Graphic recorder malfunction
Electronic malfunctions