THIS WEEK IN BIO153

Tuesday: Lecture 21: Ecology

Thursday: Lecture 22: Conservation biology

Friday: Tutorial 10

Readings: Chapter 56

Lab 10: Lab Test II

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Session ID:

BIO 153
Tuesday April 5th
12:00pm 1:30pm
IB 110
lego jenga therapy dogs exh - auction
healthy snacks study space music jam crafts
tea colouring station exam prep foosball
www.fb.com/utmExamJam

www.utm.utoronto.ca/exam-jam

LECTURE 21:
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY

One person can make a dierence!

What diversity do we conserve?
How can we protect diversity?

DDT WAS THE WONDER WEAPON AGAINST INSECT PESTS

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DDT ACCUMULATES IN THE

FOOD WEB
bio-accumulation
-found out through routine
measurements
-chemicals accumulate in the food
chain
0.025-124ppm

EFFECTS OF THIS ACCUMULATION RANGE WIDELY

shells became so thin that when the mother falcon sat on her eggs to warm them
they broke - raptors (falcons hawks etc.) those are the ones we had the most
evidence for

ONE PERSON CAN CHANGE THINGS

starting the environmental movement

-angered companies b/c DDT was making them a lot of money
-loads of ppl read and finally governments had to act on it

CONSERVATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE MAINTENANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

Tuatara b/c of construction and
(Sphenodon
other spp.)
reasons those pop
Tuatara belong to a group that has been extinct since the dinosaurs
disappeared in order to
-rats invaded their habitats
bring
back
to pop
-conservationists managed to eradicate the rates - but since
it isthem
a river
very
small
Yangtze
dolphin
Species
washington state
diversity
there
is always
a danger
(Lipotes
vexillifer)
researchers
that wholetranslocated
family is gone
them
-didn't work out, most
Marianas
flying
Ecosystem diversity
migrated back
to canada,
fox in winter
didn't do well
trying to conserve the species interactions as they normally would(Pteropus
-the caribou in canada feed
on mossesmariannus)
that lie on the
Behavioural diversity
ground and
that i pollinators
their main
crucial
food sources,
but in
in those
islands
washington
state
there
-the
local
pplwas
like
none, instead
there
Woodland
tocaribou
eat
the was
foxes
lichen ontarandus-caribou)
the trees but the
(Rangifer
caribou didn't see them b/c
they were no used to seeing
them

Genetic diversity

THERE ARE MANY CAUSES FOR THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

habitat loss is the biggest reason and overexploitation is disproportionately high

in marine animal

WE ARE NOW EXPLOITING THE LAST CORNERS

Numbers of fish caught per 100 hooks in
pelagic longline fisheries by Japanese vessels
1952

1958

1964

1980

Myers and Worm. 2003. Nature

catch-rate decreased incredibly

-fished the oceans empty

BIOLOGISTS ALSO WORK ON PROTECTING SPECIES

the Gully is full of oil and gas but also
great diversity
Northern bottlenose whales
(Hyperoodon ampullatus)

marine protected diversity

HOW CAN WE PROTECT HABITAT AND SPECIES?

A TEMPORAL ASPECT
it take way longer birth and death rates to
return to the level that they were before
these areas were exploited
-we might look at time scales that are way
too short
-included birth and death rates to ensure
that the population truly returns back to
normal conditions

HOW CAN WE PROTECT HABITAT AND SPECIES?

A SPATIAL ASPECT
what would we have to control to say that the difference that we see between
connected and unconnected areas is only due to this one factor and not something else
- make sure that they include the same amount of area
-in terms of area they are the same the only thing that differs is the shape

WHAT SHOULD THIS GRAPH LOOK LIKE IF

CONNECTEDNESS DOES NOT PLAY A ROLE?
they discovered that connectedness is important
-connected areas is way more effective in preserving species diversities than
non-connected areas

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Joel Sartore
http://nationalgeographic.org/projects/photo-ark/

NEXT LECTURE PERIOD

Tutorial 10:
Course review
and exam preview

David Bill @ FlickrCC