PAPER 2 : RATE OF REACTION

7 (a) Food stored in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen cabinet.
Explain why.
[4 marks]
Makanan yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk tahan lebih lama daripada makanan
yang disimpan dalam almari dapur. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 markah]
(b) A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting
the rate of a reaction. Table 7 shows information about the reactants and the
temperature used in each experiment.
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan
faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 7 menunjukkan
maklumat tentang bahan tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap
eksperimen.
Experiment
Eksperimen
I

II

III

Reactants
Bahan tindak balas
Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol
dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 30 cm3 asid
hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3.
Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol
dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 30 cm3 asid
hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3.
Excess calcium carbonate powder and 30 cm3 of 0.5
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Serbuk kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 30 cm3 asid
hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3.
Table 7/ Jadual 7

Graph 7 shows the results of these experiments.

Graf 7 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen-eksperimen ini.

Temperature/oC
Suhu/oC
30

40

40

(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I.

Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I.
(ii) Based on Table 7 and Graph 7. Compare the rate of reaction between:
Berdasarkan Jadual 7 dan Graf 7, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara:
Experiment I and Experiment II
Eksperimen I dengan Eksperimen II
Experiment Il and Experiment Ill
Eksperimen II dengan Eksperimen Ill
In each case explain the different in rate of reaction with reference to the collision
theory.
[10 marks]
Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk
kepada teori perlanggaran.
[10 markah]
(iii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCI2 + CO2 + H2O
Given that the relative atomic mass of C = 12, 0 = 16, Ca = 40 and the molar volume
of any gas is 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure.
Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment II.
Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat
dengan asid hidroklorik
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCI2 + CO2 + H2O
Diberi, jisim atom relatif bagi C = 12, 0 = 16, Ca = 40 dan isi padu molar sebarang
gas adalah 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik.
Hitungkan isi padu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen
II.
[4 marks]
[4 markahl
(2005)

Diagram 6 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that influences the
rate of a reaction.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar satu tindak balas.

(a)

What is the factor that influences the rate of reaction in both experiments?
Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen itu?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(b)

The reaction in the experiment is represented by the following equation:

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)

CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu diwakili oleh persamaan berikut:

CaCO3(p) + 2HCl(ak)

CaCI2(ak) + CO2(g) + H2O(ce)

(i) Among the products stated in the equation, which is the most suitable to be
chosen to determine the rate of reaction?
Antara hasil tindak balas yang dinyatakan dalam persamaan ini, yang
manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]
(ii) State one reason for choosing the product in 6(b)(i).
Nyatakan satu sebab untuk memilih hasil tindak balas di 6(b)(i).
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]
(c)

State two controlled variables in both experiments.

Nyatakan dua pembolehubah yang dimalarkan dalam kedua-dua eksperimen ini.
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]/[2 markah]

(d)

The results for both experiments are represented by Graph 6.

Keputusan kedua-dua eksperimen itu diwakili oleh Graf 6.

Based on Graph 6:
Berdasarkan Graf 6:
(i) Experiment II has a higher rate of reaction. How does the graph show this?
Eksperimen II mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang lebih tinggi.
Bagaimanakah graf itu menunjukkan keadaan ini?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(ii) What has happened to the reactants at time x?

Apakah yang telah berlaku kepada bahan tindak balas pada masa x?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]
(iii) Why are both curves at the same level after time x?
Mengapakah kedua-dua lengkung berada pada aras yang sama selepas
masa x?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]
(e)

What is the conclusion for both experiments?

Apakah kesimpulan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen itu?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(f)

Another experiment is carried out using excess calcium carbonate powder and
dilute hydrochloric acid with different concentrations.
Sketch the curve of concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid against the time
taken to collect a fixed quantity of the product.
Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan dengan menggunakan serbuk kalsium karbonat
berlebihan dengan asid hidroklorik cair yang berlainan kepekatan.
Lakar lengkung graf kepekatan asid hidroklorik cair melawan masa untuk
mengumpul kuantiti hasil ditetapkan.

(2006)

10 (b) The graph in Diagram 10 shows the results of Experiment I and Experiment II.
Graf pada Rajah 10 menunjukkan keputusan bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

Based on the graph:

Berdasarkan pada graf
(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for either Experiment I or Experiment II.
Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I atau Eksperimen II.
[2 marks]/[2 markah]
(ii) Explain the different in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and
Experiment II before 160 s.
Use the collision theory in your explanation.
Terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dengan
Eksperimen II sebelum 160 s.
Gunakan teori perlanggaran dalam penerangan anda.
[6 marks]/[6 markah]
(2007)
5. An experiment is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of zinc with
hydrochloric acid. Excess zinc powder is added to 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm3
hydrochloric acid. The volume of gas collected at regular intervals is shown in
Diagram 5.1.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan
asid hidroklorik. Serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah kepada 20 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2
mol dm3. Isi padu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang sama ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 5.1.

(a)

State the meaning of the rate of reaction.

Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(b)

From the graph in Diagram 5.1, determine:

Daripada graf dalam Rajah 5.1, tentukan:
(i) The rate of reaction at 120 s.
Kadar tindak balas pada 120 s.
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]/[2 markah]
(ii) The average rate of reaction between 60 s and 120 s.
Kadar tindak balas purata antara 60 s dan 120 s.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(c)

Explain why the rate of reaction decreases with time.

Terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas berkurangan dengan masa.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(d)

Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate of this
reaction. The result of this experiment is shown in Diagram 5.2. Curve I
represents the result of this experiment using excess zinc powder and 50 cm3 of
1.0 mol dm3 dilute hydrochloric acid.
Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas ini. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2.
Lengkung I mewakili keputusan eksperimen yang menggunakan serbuk zink
berlebihan dan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik cair 1.0 mol dm3.

Diagram 5.2/Rajah 5.2

(i) Suggest the factors that influence the rate of reaction to obtain the curves
labelled II and III.
Cadangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas untuk
mendapatkan lengkung-lengkung berlabel II dan III.
Curve II / Lengkung II: _________________________________________
Curve III / Lengkung III: ________________________________________
[2 marks]/[2 markah]
(ii) Describe briefly how to carry out the experiment to obtain the curve labeled III.
Huraikan dengan ringkas bagaimana eksperimen itu dijalankan untuk
mendapatkan lengkung berlabel III.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]/[3 markah]
(iii) Give one reason why the final volume of gas obtained in curve III is half the
final volume of gas in curve 1.
Beri satu sebab mengapa isi padu akhir gas yang terhasil dalam lengkung III
adalah separuh daripada isi padu akhir gas dalam lengkung I.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]
(2008)

Diagram 5 shows two sets of experiments to study the factor affecting the rate of
reaction between hydrochloric acid, HCl and calcium carbonate, CaCO3.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik, HCl dengan kalsium
karbonat, CaCO3.

(a)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in these experiments.

Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]/[2 markah]

(b)

What is the reading needed to be recorded in both experiments to determine the

rate of reaction in 3 minutes?
Apakah bacaan yang perlu dicatat dalam kedua-dua eksperimen untuk
menentukan kadar tindak balas dalam masa 3 minit?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(c)

Calculate the average rate of reaction in set 1.

Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi set 1.

[1 mark]/[1 markah]

(d) (i) Compare the rate of reaction in set 1 and set 2.

Explain your answer based on the factor affecting the rate of reaction.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi set 1 dengan set 2. Jelaskan jawapan anda
berdasarkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]/[2 markah]
(ii) Explain the answer in 5(d)(i) with reference to the collision theory.
Jelaskan jawapan di 5(d)(i) dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]/[3 markah]
(e)

Sketch the graph of volume of carbon dioxide gas produced against time for both
sets of experiment in the first 3 minutes.
Lakar graf isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan melawan masa bagi
kedua-dua set eksperimen dalam masa 3 minit yang pertama.

(2009)
8 Three experiments, I, II and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the
rate of reaction. Table 8 shows the reactants and the conditions of reaction involved.
Tiga eksperimen, I, II and III dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 8 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas yang
terlibat.

Experiment
Eksperimen
I
II
III

Excess zinc
Zink berlebihan
Excess zinc
Zink berlebihan
Excess zinc
Zink berlebihan

Reactants
Bahan tindak balas
50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3
50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
50 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.5 mol dm-3
50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
50 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.5 mol dm-3

Condition of reaction
Keadaan tindak balas
Room temperature
Suhu bilik
Room temperature
Suhu bilik
60oC

(a) (i) Refering to experiments I, II and III, state:

The meaning of rate of reaction
Two factors that affect the rate of reaction
Merujuk kepada eksperimen I, II dan III, nyatakan:

Maksud kadar tindak balas

Dua faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in experiment I.
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen I.
(b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment I.
[Molar gas volume at room conditions is 24 dm3]
Hitung jumlah isi padu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen I.
[Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik ialah 24dm3]
(c) Diagram 8 shows the results of experiments 1, II and III.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen I, II dan III
Volume of hydrogen gas (cm 3)
Isi padu gas hidrogen (cm')

2V

Time (s)
Masa (s)

Diagram 8
Rajah 8
Based on the graph,
Berdasarkan graf,
(i)

Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment 11.

Explain your answer using the Collision Theory.
[5 marks]
Banding kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan eksperimen II.
Jelaskan jatvapan anda menggunakan Teori Perlanggaran.
[5 markah]

(ii)

Suggest one way to obtain curve III without changing the zinc, acid or
temperature in experiment II.
Explain your answer using the Collision Theory.
[5 marks]
Cadangkan satu cara untuk memperoleh lengkungan III tanpa mengubah zink, asid
atau suhu dalam. eksperimen II.
Jelaskan jawapan anda menggunakan Teori Perlanggaran.
[5 markah]

(iii)

Explain why the total volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment II is

doubled that of experiment I.
[2 marks]
Terangkan mengapa jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen yang dibebaskan dalam
eksperimen II adalah dua kali ganda eksperimen I.
[2 markah]

(2010)

PAPER 3
3
Task 2
Buildings in industrial areas are more corroded than those in housing areas. This is
because the concentration of acid in rain water is higher in industrial areas.
Refering to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of
concentration on the rate of reaction between a named acid and a named metal.
Tugasan 2
Bangunan di kawasan perindustrian lebih mudah terkakis berbanding dengan bangunan
di kawasan perumahan. Ini adalah kerana kepekatan asid dalam air hujan di kawasan
perindustrian adalah lebih tinggi.
Merujuk kepada situasi di atas, rancangkan satu ekperimen dalam nakmal untuk
mengkaji kesan kepekatan terhadap kadar tindak balas antara suatu asid yang
dinamakan dan suatu logam yang dinamakan.
Your planning must include the following items:

Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:

(i)

Statement of the problem

Pernyataan masalah

(ii) All the variables

Semua pembolehubah
(iii) Lists of substances and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan alat radas
(iv) Procedure
Prosedur
(v) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]/[17 markah]
(2005)
2 A student carried out an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction between marble
chips and hydrochloric acid.
Table 2 shows the data obtained from the experiment.
Seorang murid telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas
antara ketulan marmar dengan asid hidroklorik.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan data yang diperoleh daripada eksperimen itu.
Time (s)
Masa (s)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240

Burette reading (cm3)

Bacaan buret (cm3)
50.00
38.00
30.50

Volume of gas evolved (cm3)

Isipadu gas yang terbebas (cm3)
0.00
12.00
19.50

19.50
18.50
18.00
18.00
Table 2/Jadual 2

30.50
31.50
32.00
32.00

Diagram 2 shows the burette readings at 90 seconds and 120 seconds.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan bacaan buret pada saat ke-90 dan saat ke-120.

(a) Based on Diagram 2, record the burette readings and volume of gas evolved at 90
seconds and 120 seconds in Table 2.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, rekod bacaan buret dan isi padu gas yang terbebas pada saat
ke-90 dan saat ke-120 dalam Jadual 2.
[3 marksl/[3 markah]
(b) Based on Table 2, state how the volume of gas evolved changes when the marble
chips react with hydrochloric acid.
Berdasarkan Jadual 2, nyatakan bagaimana isi padu gas yang terbebas berubah
apabila ketulan marmar bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]/[3 markah]

(c) Based on this experiment, what is the meaning of the rate of reaction?
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, apakah maksud kadar tindak balas?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]/[3 markah]
(2009)
3

Diagram 3 shows the production of fuel during the launching of a space shuttle by
using a catalyst.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan pengeluaran bahan api semasa pelancaran sebuah kapal
angkasa dengan menggunakan mangkin.

Diagram 3/Rajah 3
The catalyst is used to speed up the production of fuel. Based on this idea, plan
one laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of a catalyst on the rate of
reaction between metal and acid. Use copper(Il) sulphate solution as the catalyst.
Mangkin itu digunakan untuk mempercepatkan pengeluaran bahan api.
Berdasarkan idea ini, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyiasat kesan
mangkin ke atas kadar tindak balas antara logam dengan asid. Guna larutan
kuprum(II) sulfat sebagai mangkin.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut :
(a)

Aim of the experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

(b)

All the variables

Semua pembolehubah

(c)

Statement of the hypothesis

Pernyataan hipotesis

(d)

List of substances and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas

(e)

Procedure for the experiment

Prosedur eksperimen

(f)

Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]/[17 markah]
(2010)