BCA Booklet Content Drywall Internal Partition Sept 2013

DRYWALL
INTERNAL
PARTITION
Copyright @ 2013 Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. All rights

reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be reproduced for any reason
whatsoever in any form or means whatsoever and howsoever without the prior
written consent and approval of the Building and Construction Authority.
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information
contained in this publication, the Building and Construction Authority, its employees
or agents and members of the Technical Committee shall not be responsible for
any mistake or inaccuracy that may be contained herein and all such liability and
responsibility are expressly disclaimed by these said parties.
The publication includes advertisements of suppliers who have, in one way
or another, contributed in the development of this publication. The Building
and Construction Authority does not endorse the products included in the
advertisements. It is the responsibility of the users to select appropriate products
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FOREWORD
The Building and Construction Authoritys (BCA) Construction Quality Assessment System
(CONQUAS) has been widely adopted as the de facto national yardstick for measuring the
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Mark (QM) Scheme was launched in 2002 to promote a higher consistency in workmanship
standards for residential developments. Besides setting standards and measuring the level
of workmanship through CONQUAS and QM, BCA has developed a series of publications of
Good Industry Practices Guide for different trades.
This Good Industry Practices Drywall Internal Partition is part of the CONQUAS
Enhancement Series on Good Industry Practices. A noticeable increase in the use of drywall has
been observed in the construction industry over the years. Drywall construction has emerged
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without compromising its primary functionality as an internal wall. The use of drywall is also
encouraged and recognised under CONQUAS 8th edition. This guide shares with the industry
some of the good practices adopted by practitioners and contractors who consistently
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associated with drywall internal partition and their corresponding remedies are highlighted.
With the tight manpower constraints faced by the industry, drywall construction is a highly
practical option.
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PUZ[HSSLKUVYPZP[[OLUHS^VYKVUX\HSP[`HZ[OLYL^PSSHS^H`ZILUL^TH[LYPHSZHUKTL[OVKZ
with changing technology. To obtain more comprehensive information and guidance, readers
should seek advice from professional designers and material suppliers. We gratefully
acknowledge the contributions of the practitioners to this guide and trust that the industry will
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from readers that may improve future editions of this guide.
Lam Siew Wah

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Good Industry Practices Guide Drywall Internal Partition was developed with inputs
from Architects, Developers, Builders, Specialist Contractors and members from various
industry associations and organisations.
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We wish to thank the members of the Technical Committee for their valuable contributions.
Technical Committee:
Chairman
Mr Ding Hock Hui
Deputy Chairman
Mr Tan Boon Kee
BCA
Secretary
Mr Gary Chua Chei Seong
BCA
Ms Jacelyn Yeo Hui Ping
BCA
Mr Ng Kam Leong
BCA
Members
4Y9HTHTVVY[O`9HQLUKYHU
Ms Jayanthi Peariahsamy
BCA
)*(
BCA
Mr Donald Ng
HDB
Mr Zachary Chua
SCAL
Mr Chng Chee Beow
REDAS
Mr Richard Lai
Singapore Institute of Architects
Mr Gary Cher
City Development Ltd
Mr Thierry Brezac
Dragages Singapore Pte Ltd
Mr Colin Tan
Tiong Seng Contractors Pte Ltd
Mr Jerry Lam
Woh Hup Pte Ltd
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Mr Teo Wee Hwee
Tan Tian Chong

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Boral Plasterboard (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DESIGN
2.1 Drywall Systems
3. MATERIAL SELECTION
3.1 Framing System

3.2 Plasterboard
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3.5 Accessories
3.6 Tools
6
8

13
15
4. DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE
18
5. PREPARATORY WORKS
20
6. INSTALLATION
26
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6.1 Framing Works

6.2 Opening
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6.4 Board Installation
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26
29

33

7. PROTECTION
44
8. WET AREAS APPLICATION
46
8.1 Board System

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46

9. RECOMMENDED DETAILING
49
10. COMMON DEFECTS AND REMEDIES
53
APPENDIX
59
REFERENCES
68
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1. INTRODUCTION
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OHZ LTLYNLK HZ VUL VM [OL SLHKPUN VW[PVUZ [V^HYKZ HJOPL]PUN X\HSP[` UPZOPUN ^P[O OPNOLY
WYVK\J[P]P[`^P[OV\[JVTWYVTPZPUNP[ZWYPTHY`M\UJ[PVUHSP[`HZHUPU[LYUHS^HSS;OLPU[YVK\J[PVU
VMKY`^HSSJVUZ[Y\J[PVUJHUHSZVJVU[YPI\[L[V^HYKZYLK\JPUNI\PSKPUNKLHKSVHKHUKWPSLZPaL
;OPZ N\PKL WYV]PKLZ ZPTWSL HUK WYHJ[PJHS [PWZ VU OV^ NVVK X\HSP[` KY`^HSS JHU IL HJOPL]LK
VU ZP[L 0[ OPNOSPNO[Z [OL ZHSPLU[ X\HSP[` PZZ\LZ PU]VS]LK PU [OL KLZPNU TH[LYPHS ZLSLJ[PVU HUK
PUZ[HSSH[PVUVMKY`^HSSJVUZ[Y\J[PVU>OPSL[OL\ZLVMKY`^HSSPZLUJV\YHNLKHUKYLJVNUPZLK\UKLY
CONQUAS 8thLKP[PVUMVSSV^PUN[OLWYVJLZZLZPU[OPZN\PKL^PSSSLHK[VOPNOLYX\HSP[`Z[HUKHYKZ
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2. DESIGN
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[OLM\UJ[PVUHSWLYMVYTHUJLZ[Y\J[\YHSWLYMVYTHUJLHUKHWWLHYHUJL0U[OPZN\PKL[OLMVJ\Z^PSSILVUKY`^HSSPU[LYUHS
partition system.
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Requirements
Weight
Conventional Brick
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Drywall Partition
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900 kg/ m
~113 kg/ m
Productivity
4 7m/man-day
20 25m/man-day
Non-Combustibility
BS 476 : Pt 4
Deemed to satisfy
Pass
120 mins
120 mins
STC35 STC40
~ STC50
Yes
Yes
By surface hacking
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closing up
Smooth
(with skilled labour)
Smooth
Yes
Yes
Joint tape is used to seal joint

followed by application of joint
compound
Fire Rating
BS 476 : Pt 20 & Pt 22
Sound Insulation
Usage in Wet Areas
On-Site Installation of
Concealed Wiring, Ducting &
Pipework
Surface Appearance
Applied Finishes: Tiling
Joint Treatment
Fastener Types
Flexibility of Relocation
t Plastic Plugs
t Chemical Anchors
t Impact Anchors
Messy
t Gypsum Screws
t Cavity Anchors
Quick and easy
DESIGN
2.1.
DRYWALL SYSTEMS
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1. Architectural
Features
t 'HVLJQH[LELOLW\
t Flatter and smoother surface
t %HWWHUQLVKHV
2. Impact
t Protection in high activity areas

t Inter-tenancy wall security
t %HWWHUQLVKHV
3. Fire Resistance
t 8SWRKRXUVUHUDWLQJ
t Non-combustible board
t %HWWHUQLVKHV
4. Acoustics
t Noise control from both interior and exterior

t Ability to develop quiet zones
t %HWWHUQLVKHV
DESIGN
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5. Wet Area Usage
Features
t Protection against steam & moisture
t Better mould resistance
t %HWWHUQLVKHV
6. High Wall
t Structural stability*
t Higher productivity
t %HWWHUQLVKHV
*To PEs design
3. MATERIAL SELECTION
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t
t
t
t
t
t
3.1
Framing system
Plasterboard
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Accessories
Tools
FRAMING SYSTEM
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[HRLPU[VJVUZPKLYH[PVU[OLWYV]PZPVUVMVWLUPUNZHUKHKKP[PVUHSZ\WWVY[MVYV[OLYMLH[\YLZHJJVYKPUN[V[OLKLZPNU
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Components
Runner/Track
Description
The runners/tracks shall be galvanised steel
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and no less than thickness of studs.
All steel sections are rolled from G250 tensile
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having minimum section properties shown on
approved shop drawings.
Stud
The studs shall be galvanized steel C-studs.

They are to be installed onto the runner/track
vertically.
All steel sections are rolled from G250 tensile
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having minimum section properties shown on
Bracing
Provide all braced framing of load bearing steel

stud framing at regular interval in accordance
to approved shop drawings and method
statement. They are essential at locations
such as door opening, M&E services and other
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Components
DRYWALL SYSTEMS
Description
Opening
Studs should be boxed and mechanically

fastened to the runner/track sections around
all window and door openings, as a minimum.
Additional Support for M&E Services and

Other Fixtures
The interval of additional support to follow

approved shop drawings and method
statement. E.g. for fan coil unit (FCU), bedroom
wardrobe and kitchen cabinet, etc
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Fire Rated
MATERIAL SELECTION
3.2
BOARD USAGE
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SVJH[PVU;OLJVTTVU[`WLZVMIVHYKZ\ZLKSVJHSS`HYLN`WZ\TIHZLKHUKJHSJP\TZPSPJH[LTPULYHSIVHYKZ;OLYLHYL
V[OLY[`WLZVMIVHYKZH]HPSHISLPU[OLPUK\Z[Y`Z\JOHZJLTLU[IVHYKTL[HTVYWOPJTPULYHSIVHYKL[J;OLZLIVHYKZOH]L
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Standard
Description
t Single layer board.
t Impact resistance and durability.
t Multi-purpose wall lining.
High Performance Sound Insulation
t Single or multi-layer board (Typically one to

four boards).
t Sound Transmission Class (STC) value of drywall ranges from 40 to 60.
t Acoustical Theory of Mass-Spring-Mass.
High Fire Resistance
t Single or multi-layer board (Typically one to

four boards).
t Recommended minimum double boxed stud

or double board.
t 0DGHIURPYHUPLFXOLWHEUHJODVVDQGRWKHU
additives that offset shrinkage and increase
durability.
t Fire rating above 1 hour and up to 4 hours.

Wet Area (Water Resistance)
t Single water resistance board with additional

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t Long Term Moisture Susceptibility Test to

Shower Unit.
t Mould Resistance Test to ASTM standard.

t Independent Tile Adhesion Pull-out Tension
Test.
t $FFHSWDQFHRIZDWHUSURRQJWUHDWPHQW
8
MATERIAL SELECTION
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Recessed Edge
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compounds and accessories to provide a
continuous smooth surface for walls and
ceilings.
Square Edge
Designed for use with aluminium, PVC,

timber or other decorative moulding. It may
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when laminated.
MATERIAL SELECTION
3.3
INFILL AND INSULATION MATERIALS
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TH[LYPHSZOH]L[VIL[LYTP[LYLZPZ[HU[-PN\YLHZOV^Z[OLJVTTVUPUSSHUKPUZ\SH[PVUTH[LYPHSZ
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Types
Fibreglass
t Made from molten glass.

t Insulation value is typically higher in slab or
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t More cost economic.
Rockwool
t Consist of materials like basalt and

limestone.
t Higher insulation value (R-value) as

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t +LJKHUGHQVLW\WKDQEUHJODVVZKLFKKHOSV
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0USSHUKPUZ\SH[PVUMVYHJV\Z[PJVY[OLYTHSM\UJ[PVUZTHÌLWSHJLKPU[V[OLWHY[P[PVUJH]P[`
-PN\YLI0USSHUK0UZ\SH[PVU-\UJ[PVUZ
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1. Acoustic insulation
Available rating range from STC30 to STC50,

as achieved in acoustic tests. Comparable
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design and careful attention to detailing
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perimeter of the partition be sealed with an
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penetrations.
2. Thermal insulation
Thermal Resistance (R) values for the

following board thickness under normal
ambient temperatures are:
10mm = 0.060mK/W
13mm = 0.079mK/W
16mm = 0.098mK/W
10
MATERIAL SELECTION
3.4
TYPE OF JOINT MATERIALS
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TP[PNH[LK^P[OWYVWLYPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUKQVPU[[YLH[TLU[0[PZYLJVTTLUKLK[VWYV]PKLQVPU[TH[LYPHSZ-PN\YLH[VZLHS
QVPU[MVSSV^LKI`[OLHWWSPJH[PVUVMQVPU[JVTWV\UK-PN\YLI;OPZ^PSSJVU[YVS[OLTV]LTLU[IL[^LLU[OLIVHYKZHUK
WYL]LU[ZJYHJRZMYVTMVYTPUN
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Types
1. Perforated paper tape
t Embedded onto a bedding compound.

t Control shrinkage cracking at the wall
board joints
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t Used on its own.

t Self-adhesive backing allowing faster
t
t
t
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application in the absence of bedding

compound
Ideal when water resistance is a
requirement
Applicable for wet areas
Control shrinkage cracking at joints
t Serves as a reinforcing bridge for paint

t
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the plaster substrate
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cracks
11
MATERIAL SELECTION
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Types
1. Bedding compound
t Powder form.
t Used with joint tape.
t For superior bonding strength and crack
resistance.
2. Topping compound
t Powder form.
t Has good sandability, lower shrinkage
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3. All-purpose compound
t Premixed form.
t )RUWDSLQJFRYHULQJDQGQLVKLQJFRDWV
on wall board joints.
t For concealing fastener holes and

corner beads.
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Forms
1. Powder form
t Mixed with water in the ratio of 2

t
portions of powder to one portion of

water.
Do not mix more than necessary within
the working time of about 30minutes as
leftover compound cannot be reused.
2. Premixed form
t Ready mixed compound.

t Excellent performance and storage life
compared to powders.
t Less wastage as storage is possible for

months in their containers even after
opening.
12
MATERIAL SELECTION
3.5
ACCESSORIES
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THKLVMNHS]HUPaLKZ[LLSHUKHYLLHZ`[VPUZ[HSS-PN\YLZH[VJWYV]PKLPUMVYTH[PVUVU[OLJVTTVUHJJLZZVYPLZ
H]HPSHISLMVYKPMMLYLU[UPZOPUNW\YWVZLZ
:[VWWPUNHUNSLZHWLYMVYH[LKHUKYLJLZZLKLKNLZ[YPWHYL\ZLKÔLU[OLLKNLVM[OLWSHZ[LYIVHYKPZUV[L_WVZLKHUK
[OL[[PUNVMHJVYULYILHKPZKPMJ\S[;OLZ[VWWPUNHUNSLPZ_LK^P[OHUHKOLZP]LVYZ[HWSLZ^P[O[OLUPZOPUNJVH[Z
IVUKPUN^P[O[OLWSHZ[LYIVHYKHUKMLH[OLYPUN\W[V[OLILHKUPI0UHKKP[PVU[OLZOHKV^SPULZ[VWWPUNHUNSLWYV]PKLZH
JSLHUZ[YHPNO[HUKZOHKV^LKNL:OHKV^SPULZ[VWWPUNHUNSLZHYLPKLHSMVY]LY[PJHSOVYPaVU[HSHUKJ\Y]LKHWWSPJH[PVU
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Types
Details
1. Stopping angle
2. Shadowline stopping angle
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ILHKYLZPZ[ZPTWHJ[HUKMVYTZHIHZL[VYLJLP]LZJYLLKPUN
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Types
1. Internal corner bead
2. External corner bead
13
MATERIAL SELECTION
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HUKPTWVY[HU[PUTLL[PUN[OLYLX\PYLTLU[VMZWLJPJYLYH[LKJVUZ[Y\J[PVU7SHZ[LYIVHYKZHYLH[[HJOLK[V[OLMYHTLZ
^P[OZJYL^ZHUKUHPSZÔLYL[OLYLZOV\SKILHKLX\H[LLKNLKPZ[HUJL[VWYL]LU[KHTHNL[VIVHYKLKNL
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Types
14
Detail
1. Screws
t Corrosion-resistant screws
2. Nails
t
Corrosion-resistant nails
MATERIAL SELECTION
3.6
TOOLS SELECTION
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THPU[HPULK;OL`ZOV\SKILJOLJRLKHUKJSLHULKVUHKHPSÌHZPZ;VVSZZOV\SKILZ[VYLKPUHKY`HUKZHMLWSHJL
-PN\YL;VVSZ:LSLJ[PVU
List of
tools
Measuring tape
Carpenters pen
Plumb bob
Usage
To measure dimension of
various materials
To mark the length before

cutting
To transfer set out marks

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and vice versa
List of
tools
Plastering knife
Plastering hawk
Spirit level
Usage
To apply joint compound to

plasterboard
To transfer joint compound

from its container to
plasterboard
To ensure verticality and

alignment
15
MATERIAL SELECTION
16
List of
tools
Aviation snipper
Hammer
Drill
Usage
To snip tracks, bracings

and studs into appropriate
sizes
To anchor framing onto

ground with nails
To fasten tracks, studs,

bracings and boards into
position
List of
tools
Crowbar
Crimper
Ink pad
Usage
To adjust plasterboard into

position
To join stud and track

together
To mark out setting out

position
List of
tools
Builders square
)ODWOH
6mm diameter drill bit
Usage
To verify right angle
7ROHSODVWHUERDUGDQG
tracks/studs
To fasten tracks, studs,

bracings and boards into
position
MATERIAL SELECTION
List of
tools
String
Ladder or bench
Mitre Saw
Usage
To mark out setting out

positions
To access to top track/

runner and top of board
To make accurate
crosscuts
17
4. DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE

7YVWLYKLSP]LYÒHUKSPUNHUKZ[VYHNLWYVJLK\YLZHUKYLSL]HU[NVVKWYHJ[PJLZHYLPTWVY[HU[[VLUZ\YLTH[LYPHSZHYLUV[
damaged prior to installation.
-PN\YL+LSP]LY`/HUKSPUNHUK:[VYHNL
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. Delivery
Good Practices
t Material delivered as per
t
t
2. Handling
t Material handling as
t
18
approved material and

sample
To reduce the risk of
damage, plasterboards
should be delivered to
site prior to installation
Plasterboard stacking
supports should be
spaced at no more than
600mm centres
per approved method

statement
During handling and
storage, sheets should
be carried in an upright
position with particular
care taken to protect the
edges
+,30=,9@/(5+305.(5+:;69(.,
>VYR:LX\LUJL
DRYWALL SYSTEMS
Good Practices
t Material storage as
3. Storage
t
t
> 600mm
t
per approved method

statement
Plasterboards should be
VWRUHGLQQHDWDWVWDFNV
RIIWKHJURXQGRRULQD
dry covered area
If storing outdoors,
stack sheets on a level,
moisture-free platform,
and keep fully protected
from the weather
Plasterboard stacking
supports should be
spaced at no more than
600mm centres
19
5. PREPARATORY WORKS
7YVWLY ZL[[PUN V\[ KPTLUZPVUHS JVU[YVS Z\MJPLU[ Z[Y\J[\YHS Z\WWVY[ MVY TLJOHUPJHS HUK LSLJ[YPJHS ZLY]PJLZ VWLUPUNZ
[VNL[OLY^P[OZ\YMHJLWYLWHYH[PVUHYLJYP[PJHSPULUZ\YPUNKY`^HSSZ[\YKPULZZHUKX\HSP[`
;OL HWWYV]LK ZOVW KYH^PUNZ KPJ[H[L [OL ZL[[PUN V\[ HUK KPTLUZPVUHS JVU[YVS ÔPSL [OL HWWYV]LK TL[OVK Z[H[LTLU[
NV]LYUZ [OL WLYMVYTHUJL HUK [LJOUPJHS YLX\PYLTLU[ VM YLSL]HU[ Z`Z[LT NV]LYUPUN Z[HUKHYKZ HZ ^LSS HZ PUZ[HSSH[PVU
WYVJLK\YLZ;OLHWWYV]LKTH[LYPHSZHUKZHTWSLZKL[LYTPUL[OLYPNO[[`WLVMTH[LYPHSZ[VIL\ZLK
5.1
Approved Shop Drawing, Method Statement, Material and Sample
5.1.1
Approved shop drawing
(U HWWYV]LK ZOVW KYH^PUN ZOV\SK PKLHSS` PUJS\KL WYVSLZ ZPaLZ JVUULJ[PVU KL[HPSZ YLPUMVYJPUN HUJOVYHNL ZPaLZ HUK
[`WLZ VM MHZ[LULYZ HUK HJJLZZVYPLZ +Y`SPUPUN KL[HPSZ PU YLYH[LK ^HSS ZVM[ HUK JLPSPUN HZZLTISPLZ ZOV\SK HSZV IL
indicated in the approved shop drawings where necessary.
5.1.2
Approved method statement
(U HWWYV]LK TL[OVK Z[H[LTLU[ ZOV\SK PKLHSS` JVTWYPZL YLJVTTLUKH[PVU MVY [YLH[TLU[ [V [OL JVU[HJ[ Z\YMHJLZ WYPVY
[VYLJLP]PUN[OLKY`^HSSPUZ[HSSH[PVU(YLJVTTLUKLKNVVKWYHJ[PJLMVY[OLHWWYV]LKTL[OVKZ[H[LTLU[PZ[VOPNOSPNO[
[OL KLSP]LY` Z[VYHNL HUK OHUKSPUN VM TH[LYPHSZ HZ ^LSS HZ [OL PU[LNYH[PVU VM 4 , ZLY]PJLZ PUZ[HSSH[PVU PU[V [OL KY`^HSS
PUZ[HSSH[PVU WYVJLZZ ;OL HWWYV]LK TL[OVK Z[H[LTLU[ ZOV\SK JVUZPKLY JVUULJ[PVU TL[OVK IL[^LLU KPMMLYLU[ [`WLZ VM
materials.
5.1.3
Approved material and sample
(SS [OL YLSL]HU[ [LJOUPJHS PUMVYTH[PVU ZOV\SK IL PU [OL HWWYV]LK TH[LYPHS Z\ITPZZPVU ÔPSL YLSL]HU[ HWWYV]LK ZHTWSL
ZOV\SKJVTWYPZLHWWYV]LKTH[LYPHSZHUKK\S`LUKVYZLKI`[OLHYJOP[LJ[
20
79,7(9(;69@>692:
DRYWALL SYSTEMS
-PN\YL(WWYV]LK:OVW+YH^PUNZHUK4L[OVK:[H[LTLU[
>VYRPUN+VJ\TLU[Z
Good Practices
a) Setting of reference gridline in
accordance to Approved Shop
Drawing
b) Setting out in accordance to

Approved Shop Drawing
c) 9HULFDWLRQRIPDWHULDOVWRUDJHDQG
handling in accordance to Approved
Method Statement
d) Approved Sample
21
DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE
5.2
Contact Surface Preparation
*VU[HJ[Z\YMHJLMVYKY`^HSSPUZ[HSSH[PVUWYLWHYH[VY`^VYRZ\Z\HSS`YLMLYZ[VLUK^HSSVYJVS\TUZVM[VMZSHIHUKVVY
ZSHI=LY[PJHSP[`VM[OLLUK^HSSVYJVS\TUULLKZ[VILJOLJRLKWYPVY[VYLJLP]PUN[OLZ[HY[LYZ[\K;OLL]LUULZZVM[OL
ZVM[VMZSHINV]LYUZ[OLZLJ\YPUNVM[OL[VW[YHJRZY\UULYZ;OLVVYZSHIVYRLYISL]LSHUKHSPNUTLU[KPJ[H[LZ[OL
Z[HIPSP[`VM[OLIV[[VT[YHJRZY\UULYZ(SSJVU[HJ[Z\YMHJLZZOV\SKILWYVWLYS`JSLHULKILMVYLZL[[PUNV\[
-PN\YL*VU[HJ[:\YMHJL7YLWHYH[PVU
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
t Verticality of end wall/column must be
FKHFNHGDQGUHFWLHGSULRUWRLQVWDOODWLRQ
of the starter stud
t (YHQQHVVRIVRIWVODEPXVWEHFKHFNHG
DQGUHFWLHGSULRUWRWKHLQVWDOODWLRQRIWKH
top tracks/runners
22
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
-VYKY`^HSS^P[OV\[RLYI
t Floor slab to be screeded with cement

mortar and the surface should be smooth.
-VYKY`^HSS^P[ORLYI
t Maintain kerb evenness to achieve drywall

frame stability.
t Straightness of kerb is important to ensure

a good alignment of the partition wall.
23
5.3
Setting Out Preparation
;OLZL[[PUNV\[WYLWHYH[PVUJHUILNPUVUJLHSSHWWYV]LKZOVWKYH^PUNZTL[OVKZ[H[LTLU[TH[LYPHSZHUKZHTWSLZHYL
PUVYKLY.YPKSPULZHUKSL]LSZHYL[VILTHYRLKV\[VU[OLLUK^HSSVYJVS\TUZVM[ZSHIHUKVVYZSHIVYRLYIILMVYL
installation works.
-PN\YL:L[[PUN6\[7YLWHYH[PVU
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
t Dry wall starting line marked out on
VODEVRIWDVSHUDSSURYHGVKRS
drawings.
t Dry wall starting line marked out
RQRRUVODEDVSHUDSSURYHGVKRS
drawings.
t Dry wall starting line marked out on

end wall or column as per approved
shop drawings.
24
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
t 'RRURSHQLQJPDUNHGRXWRQRRUVODE
as per approved shop drawings.
25
6. INSTALLATION
0[PZLZZLU[PHS[VPKLU[PM`SVJH[PVUVMVWLUPUNZTLJOHUPJHSHUKLSLJ[YPJHS4 ,ZLY]PJLZHUKV[OLY_[\YLZILMVYLPUZ[HSSH[PVU
VMKY`^HSS;OLZL[[PUNV\[VM[OLMYHTPUNZ`Z[LTVWLUPUNZHUKHKKP[PVUHSZ\WWVY[ZHYLJYP[PJHSJVU[YPI\[VYZ[V^HYK[OL
M\UJ[PVUHSP[`VM[OLKY`^HSS:LX\LUJLVMIVHYKPUZ[HSSH[PVUWYVWLYPUSSHUKPUZ\SH[PVUTH[LYPHSPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUK[YLH[TLU[
TH[LYPHSJVTWH[PIPSP[`HYLHSZVPTWVY[HU[[VHJOPL]PUNX\HSP[`^VYR
6.1
Framing Works
-YHTPUN^VYRZMVYT[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSJVTWVULU[VM[OLKY`^HSS0[PZHSZVJYP[PJHS[V^HYKZM\SSSPUNP[ZM\UJ[PVUHSP[`HZH^HSS
-PN\YLOPNOSPNO[Z[OLZLX\LUJLVM[OLMYHTPUNPUZ[HSSH[PVUWYVJLZZHUK[OLYLJVTTLUKLKNVVKWYHJ[PJLZ[VHJOPL]L
X\HSP[`^VYR
-PN\YL+Y`^HSS-YHTL0UZ[HSSH[PVU:LX\LUJL
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. Mark out the starting line
Good Practices
t To ensure starting line and level as per
t Starting line should be marked on end
ZDOORUFROXPQVODEVRIWDQGRRUVODE
t Opening locations should be marked

out.
2. Install top track
t 7RHQVXUHHYHQQHVVRIVODEVRIWEHIRUH
installing the top track.
t Tracks should be fastened to structural

elements by using anchor bolt or
fastener.
t Joints in the tracks shall be butt jointed.
26
05:;(33(;065
>VYR:LX\LUJL
3. Install bottom track
DRYWALL SYSTEMS
Good Practices
t Floor is to be levelled before installing
the bottom track.
t Tracks should be fastened to structural

elements by using anchor bolt or
fastener.
t Joints in the tracks shall be butt jointed.
3.1 Bottom track to incorporate M&E concealed

services
t To ensure all M&E concealed services
4. Install starter stud
t To ensure verticality of the end wall use
are within the track.
a spirit level or laser marker.
t Gap to be allocated at top track to allow

IRUGHHFWLRQRIWRSVODE
t Place studs in direct contact with

doors frame jambs, abutting partitions,
partition corners/edges, and existing
construction elements.
t To check overall verticality of studs.
27
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
5. Install intermediate studs
Good Practices
t Studs to be installed at interval as per
t Intermediate studs must face same

direction to allow for adjustment when
[LQJSODVWHUERDUG
t Do not splice vertical metal stud

members.
t To check overall verticality of studs.
6. Install bracing
t Horizontal bracing for all stud

partitions to be as per manufacturers
recommendation.
t Provide all braced framing of load

bearing steel stud framing as detailed in
Additional Hollow section for bracing

and load bearing steel stud
28
INSTALLATION
6.2
Opening
;OLTVZ[JVTTVUVWLUPUNZVUKY`^HSSHYLMVYKVVYZ:\JOVWLUPUNZHYL\Z\HSS`YLPUMVYJLKI`[OLPU[YVK\J[PVUVMIV_
Z[\K[VZ[PMMLU[OLVWLUPUN-PN\YLPSS\Z[YH[LZ[OLZLX\LUJLVMVWLUPUNZ[PMMLUPUNHUK[OLYLSL]HU[NVVKWYHJ[PJLZ[V
HJOPL]LX\HSP[`^VYR
-PN\YL-YHTPUNMVY6WLUPUNZ
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. Install starter stud
Good Practices
t Fix all starter studs as per approved
drawings.
2. Install metal box studs to secure door frame
t To secure the door frame, form a metal
ER[VWXGWR[LQWREDFNRIVWDUWHUVWXG
29
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
2.1 Install metal bracing above door frame to

secure it
t Metal bracing or door head trimmer
3. Alternative stiffener for door
t Rectangular hollow section or timber
must be installed for door opening.
with the same width as the stud to be

placed and properly secured as per
approved shop drawing and method
statement.
30
INSTALLATION
6.3
Additional Supports for M&E Services and Other Fixtures
(KKP[PVUHS Z\WWVY[Z PU [OL KY`^HSS MYHTL HYL YLX\PYLK MVY _[\YLZ Z\JO HZ -HU *VPS <UP[ -*< HUK LSLJ[YPJHS Z^P[JOLZ
:WHJPUN VM ]LY[PJHS Z[\KZ HUKVY IYHJPUN [V IL HKQ\Z[LK HJJVYKPUNS` [V HJJVTTVKH[L [OL ZPaL HUK ^LPNO[ VM _[\YLZ
-PN\YLKLTVUZ[YH[LZZVTLL_HTWSLZVMULJLZZHY`HKKP[PVUHSZ\WWVY[ZHUK[OLYLSL]HU[NVVKWYHJ[PJLZ[VHJOPL]L
X\HSP[`^VYR
-PN\YL(KKP[PVUHS:\WWVY[ZMVY4 ,:LY]PJLZHUK6[OLY-P_[\YLZ
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. Additional support for M&E services
Good Practices
t Identify location and type of M&E
services.
t Identify penetration for wiring.

t Metal bracing must be provided for the
M&E services.
1.1 Install additional bracing for M&E services
t Identify location of M&E services.

t Ensure proper penetration planning for
wiring.
31
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1.2 Install additional support for FCU
Good Practices
t Identify location of FCU.
t (QVXUHVXSSRUWLVVXIFLHQWWR
accommodate FCU.
t Metal bracing must be done at FCU to

withstand the imposed load.
(U`V[OLYHKKP[PVUHS_[\YLZ[VILTV\U[LKVUKY`^HSSZOV\SKILPKLU[PLKLHYS`HUKPUKPJH[LKPUHSSZOVWKYH^PUNZHZ
^LSSHZTL[OVKZ[H[LTLU[MVYHWWYV]HS(KKP[PVUHSZ\WWVY[ZZOV\SKILK\S`KLZPNULKHUKLUKVYZLKI`[OLWYVMLZZPVUHS
engineer.
32
INSTALLATION
6.4
Board Installation
;OLV]LYHSSMYHTPUNPUZ[HSSH[PVUPZOLH]PS`KLWLUKLU[VUIVHYKKPTLUZPVUHUK[`WLVMIVHYKSH`V\[-PN\YLZOV^Z[OL
PTWVY[HUJLVMIVHYKKPTLUZPVUHMMLJ[PUNMYHTPUN^VYRZHUK[OLYLSL]HU[NVVKWYHJ[PJLZ[VHJOPL]LX\HSP[`^VYR
-PN\YL0TWVY[HUJLVM)VHYK+PTLUZPVUHUK)VHYK3H`V\[(MMLJ[PUN-YHTPUN>VYRZ
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. Typical board sizes
Good Practices
t Identify and calculate
area and layout of board
to be installed.
t Frame spacing to be in
accordance to board
dimension and layout.
1.2 Cutting of Boards
t Use proper tools such

as T-square and cutting
knife to cut boards.
33
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
2. Sequence of horizontal board installation
Good Practices
t Ensure horizontal board
installation sequence as
per method statement.
t Install panels in such a

manner that panel joints
do not align with edge of
opening.
t For multi-layered boards,

stagger joints between
the layers, as well as
on opposite sides of
partitions.
t Tightly butt tapered end

board edge joints.
t For vertical board

installation, start centre
and place smaller boards
at sides or edge.
For Vertical board installation,

start centre and place smaller
boards at sides or edge
34
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
t All butt joint screws are
2.1 Securing of board
to be staggered.
t Plasterboard screws
should be spaced
i.
<300mm for
butt joints
ii.
<200mm for
angles joints
iii.
10 to 16mm
from edges
and ends of
plasterboard
sheets
t Ensure securing process
Application of drywall
screws shall begin from
centre outwards.
of the board onto the

vertical stud does not
FDXVHWLOWLQJRIDQJH
Application of drywall
screws shall begin from
centre outwards.
t Install screws from ends

and edges of panels,
and on centre along
abutting end joints; and,
RQFHQWUHZLWKLQWKHHOG
of the panel.
t Panels shall not fasten
No fastening of panels to
bottom runner/track.
directly to the top and

bottom runners to allow
IRUWRSVODEGHHFWLRQ
movement.
35
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
3. Sequence of screwing the board onto the vertical stud
Good Practices
t Apply the screws from
the leg of top and
bottom runners, onto
the vertical studs for
attachment of the panel.
t Proper sequence of
board screwing, i.e.
correct direction, to
the stud to prevent gap
between board and stud.
36
INSTALLATION

-RPPERH-RWYPEXMSR-RWXEPPEXMSR
7YVWLYPUZ[HSSH[PVUVMPUSSTH[LYPHSOLSWZ[VWYV]PKLULJLZZHY`YLYLZPZ[HUJLHUKZ\MJPLU[HJV\Z[PJPUZ\SH[PVU-PN\YL
ZOV^Z[OLWYVWLYPUSSHUKPUZ\SH[PVUTH[LYPHSPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUK[OLYLSL]HU[NVVKWYHJ[PJLZ[VHJOPL]LX\HSP[`^VYR
-PN\YL0USSHUK0UZ\SH[PVU4H[LYPHS0UZ[HSSH[PVU
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. Typical treatment
Good Practices
t Seal all perimeter gap of the wall frame
system with relevant material from the
approved method statement, material
and sample.
2. 3ODFLQJRILQOODQGLQVXODWLRQPDWHULDO
t $OOLQOODQGLQVXODWLRQPDWHULDOIRU
installation as per approved method
statement and material.
t (QVXUHDOOVSDFHVDUHOOHGZLWK
insulation material.
t Ensure that all recessed panels,

electrical outlets, light switch boxes, etc
DUHHQFDVHGZLWKUHEDUULHUVHDOZUDS
to seal all gaps and maintain continuity
LQUHDQGVPRNHSURWHFWLRQLQDOOUH
rated assemblies.
37
INSTALLATION
6.6
Joint Treatment
;OLSHZ[WYVJLK\YLVMKY`^HSSPUZ[HSSH[PVUPZ[OL[YLH[TLU[[V]HYPV\Z[`WLZVMQVPU[ZLKNLZHUKJVYULYZ(JV\Z[PJZLHSHU[
JVYULYILHKZQVPU[[HWLZQVPU[PUNJVTWV\UKHUK[VWWPUNJVTWV\UKHYLJVTTVUTH[LYPHSZ\ZLK-PN\YLZOV^Z[OL
JVTTVU[`WLZVM[YLH[TLU[HUK[OLYLJVTTLUKLKNVVKWYHJ[PJLZ[VHJOPL]LX\HSP[`^VYR
-PN\YL*VTTVU;`WLZVM1VPU[;YLH[TLU[
>VYR:LX\LUJL
1. General requirement
Good Practices
t Proper enclosure of work areas prior
to installation will reduce the impact of
environmental changes
HJXFWXDWLRQVLQWHPSHUDWXUHKXPLGLW\
DLURZHWF
t Good planning prior to hanging panels

can eliminate unnecessary joints.
2. Acoustic sealant
t Proper use of acoustic sealant as stated

in approved shop drawing, method
t Use of acoustic sealant to effectively

seal perimeters and openings in wall and
ceilings to improve sound transmission
rating.
38
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
3. External corner bead
Good Practices
t Use of external corner bead enables
visually straight joint, better corner
DOLJQPHQWDQGQHDWHUQLVKLQJ
t Functions as a protection against edge

damage.
3.1a Fixing of external angle
t Apply a coat of joint compound before

placing external angle.
3.1b Fixing of external angle
t Place external angle in position.
39
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
3.1c Fixing of external angle
t Ensure verticality of external angle.
3.1d Fixing of external angle
t (QVXUHWKHQDOWUHDWPHQWWRWKHH[WHUQDO
angle by applying three coats of joint
compound at stipulated intervals as
VSHFLHGLQWKHDSSURYHGPHWKRG
statement.
40
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
3.2a Three coats for all joint treatment
Good Practices
t Provide proper treatment to interfacing
and butt joints by applying three coats
of joint compound at stipulated intervals
DVVSHFLHGLQWKHDSSURYHGPHWKRG
statement.
t This is an example of the application of

three coats of joint compound for different
surface interfacing treatment.
3.2b Three coats for external angle treatment
t (QVXUHWKHQDOWUHDWPHQWWRWKHH[WHUQDO
angle by applying three coats of joint
compound at stipulated intervals as
VSHFLHGLQWKHDSSURYHGPHWKRG
statement.
t This is an example of the application of

three coats of joint compound for external
angle treatment.
4. Control joint component
t Control joint to be provided
(i) in long continuous walls at 12 m

maximum centres;
(ii) for panels of different materials .
t Fasten the control joint to the

plasterboards at a maximum of 150mm
centres.
Fasten the control joint at

maximum 150mm c/c.
41
INSTALLATION
>VYR:LX\LUJL
5. Jointing tape / Mesh tape
Good Practices
t Proper use of jointing tape as per
approved method statement and material
submission.
t Jointing tape is used for reinforcement

of plasterboard recessed joints, internal
angles, surface fractures and repairs to
internal walls.
t Use of internal corner taping tool for

internal corner.
6. Joint compound
t Mix proportion to be in accordance to the

manufacturers instruction.
t Ensure that compound is used within the

stipulated working time as recommended
by the supplier, approved method
t $OORZVXIFLHQWFXULQJDQGGU\WLPHEHIRUH
VDQGLQJDQGQLVKLQJ
t Mixing joint compound in clean buckets

reduces probability of lumps forming,
scratches and hard working material.
t Flush and clean compounds from

equipment, and brush before the setting
action takes place.
t Immersion of equipment in water will not

prevent hardening of the compound.
42
INSTALLATION
6.7
Fixing Items to Drywall
/HUNPUNVIQLJ[ZVUKY`^HSSYLX\PYLZWYVWLYMHZ[LULYZHUKRUV^SLKNLVMPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUK[`WLVM^HSSTH[LYPHS0[PZHNVVK
WYHJ[PJLMVY[OLKL]LSVWLY[V^VYR^P[O[OLKY`^HSSZ\WWSPLYHUKI\PSKLY[VKL]LSVWHUKPZZ\LHUPUZ[Y\J[PVUTHU\HS[VUL^
OVTLVÛLYZVUOV^[V_P[LTZVU[OLKY`^HSS
;OLJVYYLJ[_PUNTL[OVKKLWLUKZVU[OL^LPNO[VM[OL_[\YLZHUK[OL[`WLVMKY`^HSSIVHYK\ZLK
Wall anchorage
>HSSHUJOVYHNLZJHUILNLULYHSS`JSHZZPLKPU[VTHPUJH[LNVYPLZUHTLS`!
3PNO[[VTLKP\TK\[`HUJOVYHWWYV_PTH[LS`\W[VRNWLYWVPU[SVHK"HUK
/LH]`K\[`HUJOVYHWWYV_PTH[LS`RNWLYWVPU[SVHK
;OL[`WLZHUKPUZ[HSSH[PVUTL[OVKZVMZVTLVM[OLJVTTVUHUJOVYZHYLPSS\Z[YH[LKPU(WWLUKP_*
3PNO[^LPNO[_[\YLZ
3PNO[^LPNO[_[\YLZZ\JOHZWPJ[\YLZMYHTLZTHSSTPYYVYZSPNO[ZOLS]LZSHTWZ[VVSZZWVY[ZLX\PWTLU[L[JJHUIL_LK
^P[OZPTWSLZJYL^VYL_WHUKHISLWSHZ[PJZJYL^HUJOVYKPYLJ[S`VU[OLIVHYK^HSS
4LKP\T^LPNO[_[\YLZ
-VYTLKP\T^LPNO[VIQLJ[ZZ\JOHZIPNTPYYVYSHYNLWPJ[\YLMYHTLVYTLKP\TZPaLZOLS]LL[JVM\W[VRNZ[YVUNLY
[`WLZVMHUJOVYHNL[[PUNPL[VNNSLIVS[ZTHÌLYLX\PYLK0[PZPTWVY[HU[[OL^LPNO[VM[OL_[\YLZOV\SKUV[[VL_JLLK
[OL^LPNO[YH[PUNVM[OLHUJOVYHNL;OL^LPNO[SPTP[ZVM[OLHUJOVYHNLJHUILMV\UKVU[OLWHJRHNPUN
/LH]`^LPNO[_[\YLZ
-VYOLH]`P[LTZZ\JOHZ[LSL]PZPVU^HSSJHIPUL[HUKV[OLYOLH]`^HSSH[[HJOTLU[ZP[PZYLJVTTLUKLK[OH[Z\JO_PUNIL
PUZ[HSSLKI`[YHPULKZRPSSLKWLYZVUULS-VYZ\JOOLH]`_[\YLZ[OLHUJOVYZHYL\Z\HSS`MHZ[LULKVU[V[OLZ[\KZMYHTL;OL
U\TILYHUK[`WLZVMHUJOVYZ\ZLK^PSSILKL[LYTPULKI`[OL^LPNO[HUK\ZHNLVM[OL_[\YLZ
0[PZHK]PZHISL[VYLMLY[V[OLKY`^HSSTHU\MHJ[\YLYZYLJVTTLUKH[PVUMVY[OL[`WLZVMHUJOVYZ[VIL\ZLKMVY_PUN
hanging items onto the drywall.
43
7. PROTECTION
7YV[LJ[PVU[VJVUZ[Y\J[PVU^VYRZPZHS^H`ZLZZLU[PHS[V^HYKZLUZ\YPUN[OLX\HSP[`VMUPZOPUN^VYRZHZ^LSSHZSPTP[PUN
U\TILYVMKLMLJ[Z+Y`^HSSWYV[LJ[PVU[VJVUZ[Y\J[PVU^VYRZJHUILPUWYVJLZZHUKHM[LYJVTWSL[PVU>PUKV^VWLUPUN
UL_[[VKY`^HSSZOV\SKILJV]LYLKILMVYLPUZ[HSSH[PVUVMKY`^HSS[VWYV[LJ[[OLPUWYVJLZZHUKJVTWSL[LK^VYRMYVT[OL
elements.
7YVWLY OHUKPUN V]LY YLJVYK MVY LHJO PUKP]PK\HS [YHKL ^PSS OLSW [V YLK\JL KPZW\[LZ IL[^LLU Z\IJVU[YHJ[VYZ 0[ PZ
YLJVTTLUKLK[VOH]LYLJVYKZVM^VYRJVUKP[PVUOHUKLKV]LYPUJS\KPUNWLYZVUULSLU[LYPUNHUKL_P[PUN[OLHYLHVM^VYR
*VU[YVSVMHJJLZZPZJYP[PJHS[V[OLWYV[LJ[PVUVMKY`^HSS*VU[YVSVMHJJLZZ[V[OLPUKP]PK\HSHYLHVYYVVT^PSSOLSWYLK\JL
O\THU HUK ^VYR HJ[P]P[PLZ [OH[ TH` KHTHNL [OL UPZOLK WYVK\J[ 0[ PZ YLJVTTLUKLK [V SPTP[ HJJLZZ [V (\[OVYPaLK
Personnel Only.
7YV[LJ[PVUPZHSZVPTWVY[HU[K\YPUNWVSPZOPUNZHUKPUNVMVVYZHUKZ\JOWYV[LJ[PVUT\Z[ILPUHJJVYKHUJL[VHWWYV]LK
TL[OVKZ[H[LTLU[HZKPMMLYLU[[`WLZVMWYV[LJ[PVUJH[LYMVYKPMMLYLU[[`WLZVMVVYUPZOPUN^VYR
Figure 7.1 Protection

>VYRPUN+VJ\TLU[Z:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
a)
External walls to be constructed

before installation of drywall.
b) Cleared inspection form can be a

form of record for proper handing
over.
44
796;,*;065
>VYRPUN+VJ\TLU[Z:LX\LUJL
Good Practices
c)
Assigning designated person for

access to units is a form of control
of access.
45
8. WET AREAS APPLICATION

<ZHNLVMKY`^HSSH[^L[HYLHZPZUV[UL^0[OHZILLU^PKLS`\ZLKPU,\YVWLHUK(\Z[YHSPHMVYTHU``LHYZ/V^L]LY[OL
\ZLVMIVHYKZ`Z[LTMVY^L[HYLHZPZVUS`HYLJLU[[YLUKSVJHSS`0[ZWLYMVYTHUJLPZZ[PSSILPUNTVUP[VYLKHUKL]HS\H[LK
MVYP[ZLMMLJ[P]LULZZ
;OPZZLJ[PVUMLH[\YLZWYVWLY[PLZVMIVHYKZ`Z[LTPU^L[HYLHZHWWSPJH[PVUZHUKZVTLYLJVTTLUKLKNVVKWYHJ[PJLZ
8.1
BOARD SYSTEM
>L[HYLHZIVHYKZ`Z[LTZOV\SKPUJVYWVYH[LTVPZ[\YLYLZPZ[HU[MLH[\YLZ;OLIVHYKZZOV\SKILYLZPZ[HU[[VTV\SKNYV^[O
HUKHYLJVH[LK[VHSSV^MVYIL[[LYIVUKPUN^P[O[PSLHKOLZP]LZ-PN\YLHHUK^H[LYWYVVUNTLTIYHULZ-PN\YLI
0[HSZVOHZHOVTVNLULV\ZZ[Y\J[\YL[OH[PTWLKLZKLSHTPUH[PVU\UKLYTVPZ[JVUKP[PVU
-PN\YLH0UZ[HSSH[PVUVM>HSS-PUPZOVU
)VHYK7HY[P[PVUI`<ZPUN(KOLZP]L
-PN\YLI+Y`^HSS7HY[P[PVU^P[O
>H[LYWYVVUN4LTIYHUL
;HISL7YVWLY[PLZVM)VHYKMVY>L[(YLH(WWSPJH[PVU
Properties
1.
Moisture Resistance
Description
t Long Term Moisture Susceptibility Test to
Shower Unit.
t Not suitable for use in areas subjected to

standing water such as saunas.
2.
Mould Resistance
t Mould Resistance Test to ASTM standard.
3.
Finishing Flexibility
t Features a smooth paintable surface that can be

QLVKHGZLWKWLOLQJ
t Independent Tile Adhesion Pull-out Tension Test.

46
>,;(9,(:(7730*(;065
8.2
RECOMMENDED GOOD PRACTICES
;VHJOPL]LTH_PT\TLMMLJ[P]LULZZPUKY`^HSSJVUZ[Y\J[PVUPU^L[HYLHZ[OLZ\WWSPLYZTHU\HST\Z[ILZ[YPJ[S`MVSSV^LK
/V^L]LYPMKL[HPSPUNULLKZ[VILJ\Z[VTPZLK[VZ\P[PUKP]PK\HSWYVQLJ[[OLJ\Z[VTPZLKKL[HPSPUNZOV\SKILJSHYPLK^P[O
[OLZWLJPHSPZ[IVHYKZ`Z[LTZ\WWSPLY0[PZHNVVKWYHJ[PJL[VJHYY`V\[JVTWH[PIPSP[`[LZ[WYPVY[V\ZL(KKP[PVUHSS`P[PZHSZV
HNVVKWYHJ[PJL[VJVUZ[Y\J[JVUJYL[LRLYIHYV\UK[OL^L[HYLHZHUKZP[[OLZ[\KMYHTLVU[OLJVUJYL[LRLYI-PN\YL
-PN\YL:[\K,YLJ[PVUVUH*VUJYL[L2LYIPU>L[(YLHZ
9LJVTTLUKLKKL[HPSPUNMVYKY`^L[HYLHPU[LYMHJPUNPZPSS\Z[YH[LKPU-PN\YLHUKYLJVTTLUKLKKL[HPSPUNMVYKY`^HSS
\ZLKPU^L[HYLHZPZZOVÛPU-PN\YL
-PN\YL+L[HPSPUNMVY+Y`>L[(YLH0U[LYMHJPUN
47
WET AREAS APPLICATION
-PN\YL+L[HPSPUNMVY>L[(YLH(WWSPJH[PVU
48
9. RECOMMENDED DETAILING
.VVKJVUZ[Y\J[PVUKL[HPSPUNVM[LUYLZVS]LZWYVISLTZHYPZPUNK\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKKLMLJ[SPHIPSP[`WLYPVK:\JOKL[HPSPUN
PZ\Z\HSS`YLJVTTLUKLKI`THU\MHJ[\YLYIHZPUNVU[OLPYL_WLYPLUJLMHJLKMYVTWHZ[WYVQLJ[;HISL YLJVTTLUKZVTL
NVVKKL[HPSPUN[V^HYKZHJOPL]PUNX\HSP[`
;HISL 9LJVTTLUKLKNVVKKL[HPSPUN
9LJVTTLUKLK.VVK+L[HPSPUN
1. Drywall and RC wall/beam joint detail
2. Drywall and ceiling slab joint detail
49
9,*644,5+,++,;(0305.
'U\ZDOODQGRRUVODEMRLQWGHWDLO
4. Drywall and wall joint detail
5. Drywall intersection joint detail
50
RECOMMENDED DETAILING
6. Door opening elevation
6.1 Door opening section
7. Door head trimmer detail
51
RECOMMENDED DETAILING
8. Drywall intersection detail
9. Drywall intersection detail
52
10. COMMON DEFECTS AND REMEDIES
+LZPNULYZ JVU[YHJ[VYZ HUK ZP[L Z\WLY]PZVY Z[HMM ZOV\SK \UKLYZ[HUK [OL JVTTVU KLMLJ[Z HUK [OLPY YLSH[LK JH\ZLZ [V
WYL]LU[[OLT0[PZHSZVLZZLU[PHS[V\ZLZVTLYLJVTTLUKLKKL[HPSZ[VIL[[LYTHUHNL[OLKLMLJ[ZHUKPTWSLTLU[ULJLZZHY`
YLTLKPHSHJ[PVUZ-PN\YLZOV^Z[OLJVTTVUKLMLJ[ZWVZZPISLJH\ZLZHUK[OLPYYLTLKPHSHJ[PVUZ
-PN\YL*VTTVUKLMLJ[ZWVZZPISLJH\ZLZHUKYLJVTTLUKH[PVUZ
*VTTVU+LMLJ[Z
Bad Practices
10.1.1 Cut pieces
Possible Causes
t ,QVXIFLHQWSODQQLQJRI
layout
10.1.2 Stud cutting for switch

casing installation
Recommendations
t Plasterboard must be cut
according to shop drawing
t Late delivery of material
t Allow tolerable gap for
t ,QVXIFLHQWSODQQLQJ
t Stud placement must be
t Last minute changes

t ,QVXIFLHQWWUDLQLQJ
H[LEOHVHDODQW
according to shop drawing

(inclusive of M&E services
layout)
t Stud realigned to
avoid switch casting or
alternatively, additional stud
is required
53
*64465+,-,*;:(5+9,4,+0,:
*VTTVU+LMLJ[Z
Bad Practices
10.1.3 Poor cutting of
plasterboard
Possible Causes
Recommendations
t No provision of right tools
t Panel must be cut according
to shop drawing
t Over cut / slanting / Rough

cut is not allowed
10.1.4 Missing timber stiffener
t Timber (1x2 or 2x2) as

stiffener
t Alternatively, it has to be
double studs to form boxed
at door jamb
10.1.5 Gaps between different

materials
t No gap allowed
t *DSZDVOOHGE\PRUWDU
OOLQJLQVWHDGRIH[LEOH
sealant.
54
t Lack of supervision
t All gaps are to be sealed

using Fire Rated Sealant or
relevant sealant
COMMON DEFECTS AND REMEDIES
*VTTVU+LMLJ[Z
Bad Practices
10.1.6 Gaps between
plasterboard
t Joints not tightly butt
Possible Causes
Recommendations
t Joints must be tightly butt
t Poor workmanship
tapered end board edge

joints
t Lack of supervision
t All Studs and Bracing must
tapered end board edge

joints
10.1.7 Studs not fastened to

bottom track
be riveted/ screwed
t Poor workmanship
55
*VTTVU+LMLJ[Z
Bad Practices
10.1.8 M&E Services not
within drywall setting out
Possible Causes
Recommendations
t All Electrical Services must
be within drywall setting out
t Poor workmanship
10.1.9 Small cut pieces

installed and torn board
t Full piece & proper joint.
t Poor workmanship and
supervision
10.1.10 Bottom track cut to

accommodate M&E services
t Poor workmanship and
supervision
56
t Services Holes was created

without cutting track
-PN\YLPSS\Z[YH[LZZVTLL_HTWSLZVMNVVKUPZOPUN
-PN\YL,_HTWSLZVMNVVKUPZOPUN
10.2.1 Wall jointing
t No gap between door frame/ architrave
10.2.2a Wall alignment and evenness
t Square-ness less than 4mm over 300mm
10.2.2b Wall alignment and evenness
t Less than 3mm over 1.2m length
57
10.2.3 M&E and wall alignment
t No uneven gap between FCU and Drywall
10.2.4 Wall jointing, crack and damages
t Drywall should be visually straight

t No chips , roughness and scratches
allowed
10.2.5 M&E jointing
t Electrical switches should be in the same

alignment and level.
t No gap is allowed between switches and

drywall
58
(77,5+0?(
Sample of Fixing Items

;`WLZVM(UJOVYZ
APPENDIX A
0UZ[HSSH[PVU4L[OVK
Mark out and Drill.
Plugs
Compress wings and push plugs into hole.

/LJKWO\WDSSOXJXVKZLWKVXUIDFH
3RVLWLRQ[WXUHVFUHZDQGWLJKWHQXQWLOVHFXUH
Light
Duty
3XVK[LQJZLWKDVFUHZGULYHULQWRERDUGWR
create a pilot hole.
Self-Drill Fixing
6FUHZLQ[LQJXQWLOXVKZLWKEDVHPDWHULDO
3ODFH[WXUHLQSRVLWLRQLQVHUWVFUHZDQG
tighten until secure. Only use the screws which
are provided.
5V[L!0[PZHK]PZLK[OH[HSS_PUNZOV\SKILPUHJJVYKHUJL[VTHU\MHJ[\YLYZYLJVTTLUKH[PVU
The graphic shown here serves as a guide only.
Page 1
59
(77,5+0?(
Sample of Fixing Items
APPENDIX A
;`WLZVM(UJOVYZ
0UZ[HSSH[PVU4L[OVK
3XVK[LQJVZLWKVFUHZGULYHU
FORFNZLVHXQWLOXVKZLWKERDUG
Medium Duty
(approx. Up to
12kg/point load)
Toggle
With arrows on head parallel to stud,
SODFH[WXUHLQSRVLWLRQRYHULQVWDOOHG
Toggle. Then insert screw
Turn screw until tight. The clamp will

move back against the drywall as
screw is being tightened.
Heavy Duty
(approx. 20kg/
point load)
Heavy Duty
(For heavy duty anchorage,
it is recommended to anchor onto
the drywall framework)
5V[L!0[PZHK]PZLK[OH[HSS_PUNZOV\SKILPUHJJVYKHUJL[VTHU\MHJ[\YLYZYLJVTTLUKH[PVU
60
Page 2
PeopleIn
*OHYNL
Sample Submission
t Runner/Studs/Tracks
t Boards
t Compound
t Accessories
1.5
BR / ADOS
BR / ADOS
Review
Review
Review
Section 3
Section 3
Section 2
Section 3
Section 3
Section 2
Section 3
Section 2
:[HNLZ
Each type of
Dry Wall
Date:
Approved By
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Each type of Conform to

Dry Wall
6SHFLFDWLRQ
6SHFLFW\SH Conform to
of Dry Wall Regulation &
6SHFLFDWLRQ

Dry Wall
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Prior to
Start Work
Prior to
Start Work
Prior to
Start Work
Prior to
Start Work

Prior to
Dry Wall
6SHFLFDWLRQ Start Work
& Construction
Drawings
Requirement Frequency Acceptance

9LMLYLUJL
Criteria
Approved
Submission
Approved
Submission
Approved
Submission
Approved
Submission
Approved
Submission
Records
APPENDIX B
Page 1
3LNLUK %5%XLOGHU5HS43':4XDOLHG3HUVRQ'U\:DOO$'26$UFKLWHFW'HVLJQHU2ZQHU6XSHUYLVRU\3HUVRQQHO
Date:
Material Submission
t Runner/Studs/Tracks
t Boards
t Compound
t Accessories
t Test reports
1.4
BR / QPDW /
ADOS
Review
Date:
PE Calculation (where
applicable)
1.3
BR / ADOS
Review
9HULHG%\
Method Statement
1.2
BR / ADOS
Inspection
4L[OVK
Prepared By:
Shop Drawings (include M&E

services)
:\ITPZZPVU:OVW+YH^PUN4L[OVK:[H[LTLU[
Activity
1.1
:5V
:JVWLVM^VYR!+Y`>HSS
7YVQLJ[!
Sample of Inspection & Test Plan
(77,5+0?)
61
62
Visual / Testing
Section 3
Section 4
Section 4
Requirement
Reference
Random
Selection
Each
Delivery
Each
Delivery
Date:
Approved By
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Prior to
Start Work
Prior to
Start Work
Prior to
Start Work
Frequency Acceptance Stages

Criteria
Delivery
Document
Delivery
Document
Delivery
Document
Records
APPENDIX B
Page 2
Date:
BR / ADOS
Date:
Selection of Material for Testing

t Runner / Studs / Tracks
t Boards
t Accessories
2.3
Visual /
6SHFLFDWLRQV
BR / ADOS
9HULHG%\
Storage of Material
t Boards
t Compound
t Accessories
2.2
Visual /
6SHFLFDWLRQV
BR / ADOS
PeopleIn Inspection
Charge
Method
Prepared By:
Types of Material Delivered

t Boards
t Compound
t Accessories
0UJVTPUN4H[LYPHS0UZWLJ[PVU
Activity
2.1
S/No
:JVWLVM^VYR!+Y`>HSS
7YVQLJ[!
(77,5+0? B
Method of Installation
Setting Out Check
Framing Works
4.1
4.2
4.3
BR / ADOS
BR / ADOS
BR / ADOS
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Section 2
Section 3
Requirement
Reference
Each
Location
Each
Location
Each
Location
Each
Location
Each
Location
Date:
Approved By
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Checklist
Before
Checklist
Closing Any
Board
Before
Installation
Checklist
Approved
Submission
Prior to
Start Work
Before
Installation
Approved
Submission
Records
Prior to
Start Work
Frequency Acceptance Stages

Criteria
APPENDIX B
Page 3
Date:
Installation
BR / ADOS
Visual /
6SHFLFDWLRQV
Date:
Mock Up Unit
3.2
BR / ADOS
9HULHG%\
Method of Installation
3.1
PeopleIn Inspection
Charge
Method
Prepared By:
Preparation
Activity
S/No
:JVWLVM^VYR!+Y`>HSS
7YVQLJ[!
(77,5+0?)
63
64
Vertical and Alignment Check
M&E Services Installation
4.7
4.8
BR / ADOS
BR / ADOS
BR / ADOS
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Each M&E
Service
Each
Location
Each M&E
Service
Each type of
Dry Wall
Every
Opening
Date:
Approved By
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
CONQUAS
Standards
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Records
Before
Checklist
Closing Any
Board
Before
Checklist
Closing Any
Board
Before
Checklist
Closing Any
Board
Before
Checklist
Closing Any
Board
Before
Checklist
Closing Any
Board
Requirement Frequency Acceptance :[HNLZ

9LMLYLUJL
Criteria
APPENDIX B
Page 4
Date:
Additional Support for M&E

Services
4.6
BR / ADOS
Visual /
Measurement
Date:
Lateral Bracing
4,5
BR / ADOS
9HULHG%\
Openings
4.4
PeopleIn Inspection
*OHYNL
4L[OVK
Prepared By:
Installation (Continued)
Activity
:5V
:JVWLVM^VYR!+Y`>HSS
7YVQLJ[!
(77,5+0?)
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Section 6
Each
Location
Each Unit
6SHFLFW\SH
of Dry Wall
Each Unit
Each Unit
Date:
Approved By
Conform to
CONQUAS
Standards
Conform to
Approved
Material &
Sample
Conform to
Approved
Drawings &
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
Approved
Material &
Sample
Conform to
Approved
Material &
Sample
Checklist
Checklist
After
Closing Any
Board
Checklist
Checklist
Checklist
Records
Before
Closing Any
Board
Before
Closing Any
Board
Before
Closing Any
Board
Before
Closing Any
Board

9LMLYLUJL
Criteria
APPENDIX B
Page 5
Date:
Visual
BR / ADOS
Date:
Joint, Corner and Interfacing

Treatment (include Damage
repair)
4.12
Visual /
Measurement
BR / ADOS
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
Visual /
Measurement
9HULHG%\
Final Closing of Board

Installation
4.11
BR / QPDW /
ADOS
BR / ADOS
BR / ADOS
PeopleIn Inspection
*OHYNL
4L[OVK
Prepared By:
Inspection by PE (where
applicable)
4.11
,QOO,QVXODWLRQ0DWHULDO
Installation
1st Closing of Board Installation
4.9
4.10
Activity
:5V
:JVWLVM^VYR!+Y`>HSS
7YVQLJ[!
(77,5+0?)
65
66
Visual
Section 7
Section 8
Section 6
Each type of
Dry Wall
Each type of
Dry Wall
Each type of
Dry Wall
Date:
Approved By
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
& CONQUAS
Standards
Conform to
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Checklist
Checklist
After On
Site Testing
After Final
Repair Done
Checklist
Records
After Final
Closing of
Board

9LMLYLUJL
Criteria
APPENDIX B
Page 6
Date:
BR / ADOS
Visual
Date:
Protection
4.15
BR / ADOS
Visual/
6SHFLFDWLRQ
Measurement
9HULHG%\
Final Check and Repair before

receiving Painting works
4.14
BR / ADOS
PeopleIn Inspection
*OHYNL
4L[OVK
Prepared By:
Performance Test
Activity
4.13
:5V
:JVWLVM^VYR!+Y`>HSS
7YVQLJ[!
(77,5+0?)
(77,5+0?*
Request for inspection Form
APPENDIX C
Project Title:
AB Condominium
Main Contractor:
*VU[YHJ[VY7[L3[K
Work Trade:
Dry Wall Applicator:
?@A:[YVUN^HSS7[L3[K
Dry Partition Wall Installation

Location of Inspection:
Block:
Inspection Request No:
Unit No:
()*+>
Signature, Date & Time of Inspection form

submitted:
Signature, Date & Time of Inspection form

received:
.......................................................
By Builder Rep.
................................................
By RE/RTO
1st Inspection
Description of Activities
By Builder Rep.
Date
0UZ[HSSH[PVU
Drawing No:
(YJO()*+>:+(
2nd Inspection
Signature
ITP Reference No:
3rd Inspection
By RE/RTO
Comments by RE/RTO
Signature
Date
PRE-ERECTION CHECK
t
t
t
Drawing Used
Materials Used
Accessories Used
SETTING OUT CHECK

t
t
t
t
Gridline/Ref. Line
Setting out line
Check Level
Opening position
INSTALLATION CHECK
t
t
t
Framing
Studs & Studs Verticality
Lateral Bracing
Close 1st side of Board

t
t
M&E Services installation

Additional M&E Services
Support
FINAL CLOSING OF BOARD

t ,QOO,QVXODWLRQ
TREATMENT
Joint, Corner and Interfacing
PERFORMANCE TESTS
FINAL CHECK
Before Painting commence
Endorsement by RE/RTO:
Acknowledgement By Builder:
Date & Time of Endorsement
Date & Time of Acknowledgement
Inspector Signature
Builder Rep Signature
You may proceed with the

next stage of work
You are not to proceed
with next stage of work
2WKHUV3OHDVH6SHFLHG
Page 1
67
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
68
i.
SS 492:2001
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WHVWIRU3DUWLWLRQ:DOOV
ii.
BS 476
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iii.
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BCA Booklet Content Drywall Internal Partition Sept 2013

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BCA Booklet Content Drywall Internal Partition Sept 2013

Enviado por

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DRYWALL

Copyright @ 2013 Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. All rights

Lam Siew Wah

Mr Ding Hock Hui

Mr Tan Boon Kee

Mr Gary Chua Chei Seong

Ms Jacelyn Yeo Hui Ping

Mr Chng Chee Beow

Singapore Institute of Architects

City Development Ltd

Dragages Singapore Pte Ltd

Tiong Seng Contractors Pte Ltd

Woh Hup Pte Ltd

Tan Tian Chong

2.1 Drywall Systems

3.1 Framing System

4. DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE

6.1 Framing Works

8. WET AREAS APPLICATION

8.1 Board System

10. COMMON DEFECTS AND REMEDIES

Joint tape is used to seal joint

t Protection in high activity areas

t Noise control from both interior and exterior

*To PEs design

The studs shall be galvanized steel C-studs.

Provide all braced framing of load bearing steel

Studs should be boxed and mechanically

Additional Support for M&E Services and

The interval of additional support to follow

High Performance Sound Insulation

t Single or multi-layer board (Typically one to

t Sound Transmission Class (STC) value of drywall ranges from 40 to 60.

t Acoustical Theory of Mass-Spring-Mass.

High Fire Resistance

t Single or multi-layer board (Typically one to

t Recommended minimum double boxed stud

t Fire rating above 1 hour and up to 4 hours.

t Single water resistance board with additional

t Long Term Moisture Susceptibility Test to

t Mould Resistance Test to ASTM standard.

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Designed for use with aluminium, PVC,

INFILL AND INSULATION MATERIALS

t Made from molten glass.

t More cost economic.

t Consist of materials like basalt and

t Higher insulation value (R-value) as

Available rating range from STC30 to STC50,

Thermal Resistance (R) values for the

TYPE OF JOINT MATERIALS

t Embedded onto a bedding compound.

t Used on its own.

application in the absence of bedding

t Serves as a reinforcing bridge for paint

t For concealing fastener holes and

t Mixed with water in the ratio of 2

portions of powder to one portion of

t Ready mixed compound.

t Less wastage as storage is possible for

2. Shadowline stopping angle

2. External corner bead

To mark the length before