Chapter 4

Secondary Storage

Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Overview
Discuss Secondary Storage Characteristics
Describe Hard Drive Parts
Compare Internal and External Hard Drives
Discuss Performance Enhancements
Define Optical Storage
Define Solid-state Storage
Define Cloud Storage and Cloud Services
Discuss Mass Storage
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Storage
Primary Storage
Volatile
Temporary
e.g., RAM

Secondary Storage
Nonvolatile
Permanent
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Storage
Secondary Storage Characteristics
Media
Physical Material that Holds Data and Programs

Devices
Read or Write to or from Media

Access Speed
Time Required to Read Data and Programs
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Storage
Secondary Storage Characteristics
Capacity

Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Storage
A: Always Primary Floppy Drive
B: Secondary Floppy If It Exists
C: Always Primary Hard Drive
D:, E:, F:, Etc. Next Available Drive
Hard drive

CD-ROM
DVD
USB
Network
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Hard Disks
Main Storage for System Unit
Stores Data Using Magnetic Charges
Positive / Negative Charges Represent Bits

Sealed in Airtight Case

Media
Rigid Metallic Platter
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Hard Disks
Platter
Tracks
Rings of Concentric Circles

Sector
Wedge-shaped Sections

Cylinder
Vertically Passes Through Stack of Platters
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Hard Disks
Head Crash
Spinning Creates Air Cushion
Floats Read / Write Head Above Platter

Crash
Head Contacts Surface

Clearance = 0.000001
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Hard Disks
Internal
OS
Major Applications

External
Connect Via USB
Protect or Secure Sensitive Information
Back Up Internal Hard Disk Contents

Providing Additional Hard Disk Capacity

Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Hard Disks
Performance Enhancements
Disk Caching
Performed During Idle Processing Time

Frequently Used Data Read into RAM Cache

RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks)

Several Hard Disks Treated as a Large-capacity Drive
Fast Access Speed
High Reliability

File Compression
Reduce Space Required to Store Data and Programs
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Optical Discs
Laser and Reflected Light Represent Data
Mechanics

Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Optical Discs
CD (Compact Disc)
DVD (Digital Video Disc)
BD (Blu-ray Disc)
Formats
-ROM
-R

-RW, -RE
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Optical Discs
Storage
CD
700MB

DVD / BD
Two Sides Can be Used
Two Layers of Pits Can be Used
Lower Layer is Semitransparent
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Solid-State Storage
Solidstate Drives (SSDs)
No Moving Parts, Fast, Durable

Flash Memory Cards

USB Drives (or Flash Drives)

Connect to USB Port
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Cloud Computing
Internet Service
Provides Storage to Computer Users
Benefits
Access Files From Any Computer
Allow Others to Access Their Files
Store Offsite Backups

Google Apps
Dropbox
Office 365
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Mass Storage Devices

Enterprise Storage System
File Servers
Networked Attached Storage (NAS)

RAID Systems
Tape Libraries
Organizational Cloud Storage
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary

Mass Storage Devices

Storage Area Network (SAN)
Architecture to Link to Remote Storage
Users Computer Provides File System
SAN Provides Disk Space

Requires
High-speed Network
Special File System
Computing Essentials 2015 by O'Leary