RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENECES

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. Name of the candidate and

address (in Block Letters)

DR. ASHOK.K.B
DEPT. OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND
ENDODONTICS,
VYDEHI INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES AND
RESEARCH CENTRE,
#82, EPIP AREA, NALLURAHALLI, WHITEFIELD,
BANGALORE - 560 066.

2.

Name of the Institution

VYDEHI INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES AND

RESEARCH CENTRE, BANGALORE 560066.

3.

Name of study and subject

MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY (MDS) IN

DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY
AND ENDODONTICS.

4.

Date of Admission

4th JUNE 2012.

5. Title of the Topic

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THREE

WHITENING TOOTHPASTES ON SURFACE
ROUGHNESS AND COLOR STABILITY OF A
COMPOSITE RESIN MATERIAL:AN IN- VITRO
STUDY

6.

BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 Need for the study:
In the recent past esthetics has become a priority for most patients, due to which tooth whitening
continues to be a rapidly growing area in esthetic dentistry.
Whitening tooth pastes are used commonly and available over the counter. The whitening effect
of these tooth pastes are achieved by the incorporation of abrasive and bleaching components
used commonly and in varying concentrations. These pastes are applied with conventional or
motorized tooth brush without any technical assistance and have gained attraction due to ease of
use.
In this perspective patients are to be considered who opt for tooth whitening procedures having
existing composite restorations. Nanofilled composites were introduced with the aim of reducing
polymerization shrinkage and higher resistance to traction, compression and fracture as well as
an improvement in optical properties.
One of the factors determining the clinical longevity of a restoration is its surface characteristics.
Surface roughness, color stability and micro hardness are important factors to be considered
when esthetics and functions of anterior restorations are evaluated.
Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two herbal and one normal whitening
toothpaste on the color stability and surface roughness of a nanofilled resin composite.

6.2 Review of Literature:

A study was conducted to determine the effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching
agent on color change and surface topography of different composite veneering
materials (Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE), Esthet X (Dentsply India), and Admira
(Voco,Germany).The results showed bleaching reagents induced significant color
change and minimal surface roughness on the test materials.1

A study was done to compare the microhardness of human enamel and microhybrid
composite resin after brushing with two whitening toothpastes.The results showed that
the use of whitening toothpaste decreases the micro hardness of microhybrid composite
resin.2

A study was done to investigate the alteration of surface roughness of the nanofilled
composite Filtek Z350 3M/ESPE, caused by simulated brushing associated with the
use of mouth rinses with or without alcohol. The results showed that there was
significant alterations in surface roughness of composite influenced by alcohol and no
significance for distilled water and mouth rinses were observed.3

A study was done to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine solution on the micro-hardness
and surface roughness of three different restoratives (nanoionomer, Nano Ceramic
composite and giomer).The results showed that long exposure to 0.2% chlorhexidine di2

gluconate had resulted in increase of surface roughness and decrease of microhardness

of tested materials.4

A study was done to compare the effect of in-office and home bleaching gels and of
whitening tooth pastes, on the color stability and microhardness of two resin composites
and one resinmodified glass-ionomer cement. The results showed that the nonofilled
composite showed significant color change after treatment with a bleaching gel5.

6.3 Objectives of the study:

To Compare the Effects of three whitening toothpastes (Himalaya, HiOra-Shine toothpaste,
Dabur,salt&lemon tooth paste and Colgate Total Advanced Whitening tooth paste) on Surface
roughness and color stability of an universal nanohybrid Composite Resin material(IPS
Empress Direct)

7.1 Source of data:

Type of study- Randomized Comparative Study.
Study area : Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore
Study population: 90 specimens of Composite resin( IPS Empress Direct,ivoclar vivadent )

7.2 Methods of collection of data (including sampling procedures if any):

MATERIALS :
1. 90 specimen disks of Composite resin( IPS Empress Direct,Ivoclar Vivadent )
2. Motorized tooth brush.(Colgate 360 SonicPower Battery Operated Toothbrush,Colgate
Palmolive)
3. HiOra-Shine toothpaste,(Himalaya Herbal Healthcare )
4. Salt & lemon tooth paste,(Dabur)
5. Colgate Total Advanced Whitening toothpaste,(Colgate Palmolive)
6. Spectrophotometer
7. Profilometer
8. Distilled water
METHOD :
Sampling technique: Random
Sample size: 90 specimens as sampling units will be considered in this study & randomly
divided in to 3 groups of 30 specimens each for each tooth paste.

Cylindrical-shaped steel molds with disk shaped specimen wells (2 mm depth 15 mm

diameter) will be used to make composite resin specimens. The material used in this study is a
universal nanohybrid composite resin (IPS Empress Direct,Ivoclar Vivadent ) .
Initially, the molds will be slightly overfilled with the material, covered with a plastic matrix
strip and pressed flat with a glass slab to extrude excess material. The composite resin
specimens will be light polymerized according to the manufacturers instructions to ensure
adequate polymerization. Light intensity of the curing unit will be standardized to 400mW/cm
using a light intensity meter (radiometer).
Light will be positioned at a distance of 1 mm from each specimen. All the specimens will be
polished by the same medium, fine and superfine discs slow hand piece rotating in one direction
according to the manufacturers instructions.

Before the cycling/brushing, the original color and roughness of each specimen will be analyzed
with a spectrophotometer and a profilometer respectively.
All specimens will be placed in 37 C distilled water and then brushed for 2 minutes twice
daily with a motorized tooth brush for 30 days.
At the end, the samples will be washed under running water to remove the toothpaste and stored
in distilled water at 37 C until the readout is taken on the spectrophotometer and profilometer
for color stability and surface roughness respectively.
The statistical analysis will be performed using ANOVA test and t Test
Data collection methodology :
90 specimens of Composite resin( IPS Empress Direct,Ivoclar Vivadent )

7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patients
or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Not applicable

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?

Not Applicable

8. LIST OF REFERENCES:
1. Gunjan Pruthi et al. Effect of bleaching on color change and surface topography of
composite restorations. Int J Dent 2010;2010:695748

2. Z. Khamverdi , Sh. Kasraie, L. Rezaei-Soufi, S. Jebeli. Comparison of the effects of two

whitening toothpastes on microhardness of the enamel and a microhybrid composite
resin. J Dent (Tehran) 2010;7(3):139-145

3. Ana Carolina de Carvalho Rocha, Ceclia Santiago Arajo de Lima,Maria do Carmo

Moreira da Silva Santos, Marcos Antonio Japiass Resende Montes. Evaluation of
surface roughness of a nanofill resin composite after simulated brushing and immersion
in mouthrinses,alcohol and water. Mat Res March 2010;13(1):77-80

4. ABO EL NAGA A. and YOUSEF M.Evaluation of different restorative materials after

exposure to chlorhexidine. J Am Sci 2012;8(3):628-631

5. WEDAD Y. AWLIYA.Effect of bleaching agents and whitening tooth pastes on color

stability and microhardness of restorative materials. Pak Oral Dent J Dec
2007;27(2):249-256

9.

10.

Signature of Candidate

Remarks of Guide

11. Name and Designation of

(In block letters)
11.1 Guide

(DR. ASHOK.K.B)

I am willing to guide Dr. ASHOK.K.B in his dissertation

entitled COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THREE
WHITENING TOOTHPASTES ON SURFACE
ROUGHNESS AND COLOR STABILITY OF A
COMPOSITE RESIN MATERIAL. AN IN- VITRO STUDY
DR. MOHAN THOMAS NAINAN
PROFESSOR AND HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIVE AND
ENDODONTICS,
VYDEHI INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES AND
RESEARCH CENTRE
BANGALORE.

11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-Guide(if any)
11.4 Signature

11.5 Head of the

Department

DR. MOHAN THOMAS NAINAN

PROFESSOR AND HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIVE AND
ENDODONTICS,
VYDEHI INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES AND
RESEARCH CENTRE
BANGALORE.

11.6 Signature
12.
12.1 Remarks of the
Chairman and Principal

12.2 Signature