Coal Stratigraphy of Separi

Coal Stratigraphy of Separi, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fajar Alam, Yohanes Sebayang, Widyo Djunarjanto, Purwadi Eka Prijanto

PT Straits Consultancy Services
Abstract
Separi is an area of 40 km north east Samarinda, known as one of the most extensive location for coal mining, as the
area covers the coal bearing formation of Balikpapan Formation. Balikpapan Formation in Separi might separated into
Upper Balikpapan and Lower Balikpapan Formation, as the sandstone become coarser in grains on Upper Balikpapan and
limestone occurrence on Lower Balikpapan. As part of Samarinda Anticlinorium, Separi has a trend of north northeast
south southwest orientation with plunging south syncline axis.
A series of extensive exploration program have been done to Separi Syncline, as outcrop study and drilling controlled
with geophysical logging analysis. Coal stratigraphy of this area shows various layer, as they might pinched out, washed
out or continues, depend on the depositional system environment.
Seven zones of depositional coal bearing and typical multi coal seams layer have been identified from old to young as
follows: Zone 1, mudstone domination with some thin coal seam layers on upper strata and limestone on lower strata;
Zone 2, mudstone domination with sandstone intercalation and thin coal seams; Zone 3, sandstone with mudstone
intercalation and Seam H as major coal seams; Zone 4, mudstone dominated with sandstone bedding and Seam F and G
as major coal seam; Zone 5, sandstone dominated with Seam D and E as major coal seams; Zone 6, mudstone dominated
with Seam C as major coal seam; and Zone 7, sandstone interbedded with mudstone and Seam A and B as major coal
seams. Separi area refer to fluvial to delta plain depositional environment.
Keyword: Separi Syncline, multi coal seam, fluvial to delta plain
INTRODUCTION
Separi is an area of 40 km north east
Samarinda, known as one of the most
extensive location for coal mining, as the area
covers the coal bearing formation of
Balikpapan Formation (Fig. 1). Practically,
economic coal seam distributed along the
wide syncline of Separi as part of the
Samarinda Anticlinorium.
The studied area is located approximately
150 kilometers northwest of Balikpapan and
approximately 70 kilometers from the sea.
From Balikpapan, the location could be
reached by plane of approximately 20 minutes
flight to Samarinda or 2 hours car driving of
approximately 113 km to Samarinda,
continued with 1 hour car driving of 40 km.
Geographically,
the
area
cover
the
Mulawarman and Bhuana Jaya village in
Tenggarong Seberang, Kutai Kartanegara.
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Morphology
The Separi area basically consists of medium
undulated to hilly topography as controlled by
tectonic settlement and be part of Samarinda
Anticlinorium; medium undulated spread over

the lowland area as connected to syncline
geometry while hilly area are connected to
anticline geometry as typically with steep dip
close to the axis.
Tectonic Settlement
Kalimantan is tectonically stable as part of
Sundaland micro plate that characteristically
and structurally quite different to other
islands in Indonesia. Sundaland micro plate is
part of Eurasian Plate that shifted northeast
by collision with Asia continental crust.
Basically tectonic pattern in Sundaland micro
plate is developed as friction from stress in its
plate, beside counter rotation movement
from Sundaland micro plate. Other factor that
also contributed on pattern development of
tectonic in Kalimantan Island is interaction
between Sundaland Plate with Pacific Plates
on eastern part, India Australian Plate in
southern part and South China Sea Plate.
The Kutai Basin is an inverted extensional
basin located onshore Borneo, to the west of
the Makassar Straits. Basin initiation had
occurred by the middle Eocene and was
contemporaneous with oblique oceanic
spreading in the Makassar Straits.
Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

29 30 March 2010, Balikpapan, Kalimantan, Indonesia
13
Seismic profiles across both the northern

and southern margins of the Kutai Basin show
inverted middle Eocene half graben. These
were infilled by syn rift successions that
demonstrate considerable lateral and vertical
facies variations. Provenance studies of syn
rift sediments suggest differing source areas
for individual half graben. Offsets of middle
Eocene carbonate horizons and thickening of
syn tectonic units seen on seismic sections,
indicate late Oligocene extension on NWSE
trending en echelon extensional faults.
Middle Miocene inversion was concentrated
on east facing half graben and asymmetric
inversion anticlines are found on both the
northern and southern margins of the Kutai
Basin.
A reorientation of the stress direction during
the late Oligocene was inferred from
extension on en echelon NWSE trending
faults. A rotation of the extension direction by
between 45 and 60 counter clockwise is
suggested
by
fault
and
vein
orientations.
Neogene micro continental
collisions with the margins of northern and
eastern Sundaland strongly influenced the
inversion of the basin. Inversion was focused
in the weak attenuated crust underlying the
Kutai Basin and adjacent basins, whereas the
stronger oceanic crust underlying the
northern Makassar Straits acted as a passive
conduit for compressional stresses (Cloke et
al, 1997).
Stratigraphy
Kutai Basin is surrounded by Kuching High in
the west, Mangkalihat High in the north,
Barito Basin in the south and Makassar Strait
to the east side. Sedimentation within this
basin always continues from Tertiary to
recent. Regression process tends to east side
and happened along the transgression
process.
As the area of Samarinda Tenggarong
during early 1980s early 1990s are part of
Kaltim Prima Coals concession area before
relinquished, geological research had been
conducted within the area. The area is
covering southern to northern part of
Mahakam River, known as Samarinda Block.
14
Generally, Lower Kutai Basin consists of fine

clastic Tertiary sediment as sandstone,
mudstone, siltstone and coal from Oligocene
to Holocene formation age (Pamaluan
Formation, Bebuluh Formation, Pulaubalang
Formation,
Balikpapan
Formation,
Kampungbaru Formation and quaternary
alluvium sediment; Fig. 2). According to Land
and Jones (1987), coals found in Samarinda
and surroundings area have low ash, high
moisture and generally low sulphur.
Pulaubalang
Formation
consists
of
alternating greywacke and quartz sandstone
intercalations with limestone, claystone, coal
and dacitic tuff. Greywacke; greenish grey,
compact. Quartz sandstone; reddish grey,
locally tuffaceous and calcareous. Limestone;
yellowish to light brown, contains large
foraminifera, either as intercalations or as
lenses in quartz sandstone. Age of formation is
Middle
Miocene
with
depositional
environment of terrestrial to shallow marine.
Balikpapan Formation consists of alternation of
sandstone and clay intercalations with silt,
shale, limestone and coal. Quartz sandstone;
white to yellowish, bedding thickness is about
1 3 m, contains of coal fragment layer (5 10
cm). Coal; black, thickness 0.30 more than 5
m. Calcareous sandstone, brown, shows
graded bedding and cross bedding. Clay; grey
to blackish, locally contains plant remains, iron
oxide. Age of formation is lower Late Miocene
to upper Middle Miocene with depositional
environ ment in regression stage of a delta
front to delta plain. Thickness varies between
1000 to 1500 m.
Kampungbaru Formation consists of quartz
sandstone intercalation with clay, silt and
lignite, commonly soft and easily broken.
Quartz sandstone; white, locally reddish or
yellowish, unbedded, easily broken, locally
contains thin layers of iron oxide or
concretionary; tuffaceous or silty, and
intercalation of conglomeratic sandstone. Age
of formation is Late Miocene Plio Pleistocene
with depositional environment of deltaic
shallow marine. Estimated thickness is more
than 500 m. Alluvium consists of gravel, sand
and mud, deposited in a fluvial, deltaic and
coastal environment.

Figure 1. Research Area in Separi, East Kalimantan
Figure 2. Regional Stratigraphy of Samarinda Separi Area (modification from Cloke et al, 1997)

15
Figure 3. Geological Map of Separi Prangat
16

Figure 4. Stratigraphic column of Separi

17
Figure 5. Isopach map of Seam B, E and H
Figure 6. S S Section with Coal Correlation
18

Regional Structural Geology

Geology of the area consists of complex of
folds, known as Samarinda Anticlinorium and
fault structures. Fold structures commonly
oriented northeast southwest with steeper
dip (40 75o) on southeast flank rather than
on northwest flank. Fault structure developed
as thrust fault, normal fault and strike slip
fault. Thrust fault might happen during Last
Miocene and faulted by strike slip fault on
later stage. Otherwise, normal fault happen
on younger stage of Pliocene.
GEOLOGY OF SEPARI
Geology and Stratigraphy of Separi
Geology of the area structurally is dominated
by fold structure as part of Samarinda
Anticlinorium on a trend of north northeast
south southwest (Fig. 3) with stratigraphic
formation in the concession area from lower
to the top are Pulaubalang Formation, (Lower
and Upper) Balikpapan Formation and
Alluvium sediment (Fig. 4).
Pulaubalang Formation appears on the
eastern part of Separi as the appearance of
formation typical lithology: occasional
massive limestone, greywacke, reddish grey
sandstone with no coal beddings due to
drilling data of 200 m average depth. Steep
dip of interbedded mudstone (>70o) with very
fine sandstone found as contact indication to
lower part of Balikpapan Formation on part of
the steep anticline, apart between Separi
Syncline on the west side to Prangat Syncline
on the east side.
Balikpapan Formation is differentiated into
Lower Balikpapan Formation and Upper
Balikpapan Formation. Lower Balikpapan
Formation consists of mudstone, siltstone,
sandstone, coal and limestone. Upper
Balikpapan Formation consists of quartz
sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, coal and
conglomerate. The existence of coal beddings
are common in this formation, as it might act
as thin layer on mudstone, fragmented layer
on sandstone or being a bedding body, in
range of thickness less than 0.30 m to more
than 5 m.
Alluvium sediment in sand and mud content
developed on lowland plane, mostly used as

rice field by local citizens or as swamp areas
with less than 3 m to around 31 m various
depth.
Coal Geology of Separi
Coal occurrences spread over the Upper and
Lower Balikpapan Formation. Coals dipping are
relatively flat to the axis of syncline and
steeper to the flank on a range of < 20 to > 300.
Upper Balikpapan Formation consists of very
fine to coarse grain quartz sandstone,
conglomerate, mudstone, interbedded with
siltstone and coal. Lower Balikpapan
Formation consists of fine to very coarse grain
quartz sandstone, mudstone, interbedded with
siltstone and coal. Close to eastern part of
Separi Syncline, the coals drop in occurrence,
as the formation changed to Pulaubalang
Formation.
Within Separi Syncline, coal seams spreading
tend to be thickened along syncline axis and
thinning in syncline flanks on relative
directions of north north east and south south
west. As the Separi Syncline is plunging south,
coal thickness is also tend to be thickened on
south direction, as shown in Figure 5.
The barren coal area mostly consists of
medium very coarse sandstone with
intercalation of mudstone and siltstone;
greywacke, reddish grey sandstone and
limestone occurrence in this area also lead to
formation development as Pulaubalang
Formation. Around the contact between
barren coal area of Pulaubalang Formation and
multiple coal seams of Lower Balikpapan
Formation, steep dip around 70 80o is met as
typical geometry of Samarinda Anticlinorium;
broad syncline with steep dip and narrow
anticline. The coal in this block varied in
thickness from less than 0.3 m to around 3 m.
The coals show bright to vitreous luster, hard,
conchoidal fracture, but with occasional
spread of pyrite and rarely with white ash look
on its fracture or cleat.
Coal seam layers in Separi area might be
differentiated into eight seam layers, with
various interburden (Fig. 6) as follows:
1. Seam A, depth varied from less than 1 m to
more than 40 meter depth, concentrated in

19
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
the middle part of the Separi Syncline,

thickening southwest along the syncline
axis in variation of 2.5 5 m
Seam B, depth varied from 9 m to more
than 80 meter depth, concentrated in the
middle part of the Separi Syncline,
axis in variation of 0.30 9.5 m
Seam C, depth varied from 6.4 m to more
than 244 meter depth, spread along the
Separi
Syncline,
thickening
west
southwest in variation of 0.30 7.5 m
Seam D, depth varied from 14 m to more
than 370 m, spread along the Separi
Syncline, thickening to west southwest
flank of the syncline in variation of 0.30
3m
Seam E, depth varied from 2.5 m to more
Syncline, thickening southwest along the
syncline axis in variation of 0.30 6 m.
Seam F, depth varied from 6.5 to more
Syncline, locally thickening northeast of
east flank of the syncline and commonly
thickening southwest of the western flank
of the syncline in variation of 0.30 7.5 m
Seam G, depth varied from 50 m to more
Syncline, thickening northeast part of the
east flank of the syncline in variation of
0.30 2.3 m
Seam H, depth varied from 70 910 m,
spread along the Separi Syncline,
axis in variation of 0.30 3.4 m.
Coal Stratigraphy of Separi

In Separi, most of the area covered in
Balikpapan Formation, as coal bearing
formation in Kutai Basin. In this study, coal
deposition event is limited on Separi .
Explora tion drillin g (a s covered with
geophysical logging) and short field trip have
been done to get the data. Six boreholes are
used as a mo del to get ap prop ria te
subsurface condition of the Separi Syncline as
they might represent lower, middle and upper
20
part of the syncline. Base on study from drill

hole core for determine the sequence
stratigraphy and be combined with wire line
log signature, Separi Syncline area might be
classified into seven zones of coal deposition,
from older to younger, as follows (Fig. 7):
Zone 1 This zone is dominated by mudstone
with sandstone on upper strata. Mudstone,
whitish grey grey, interlaminated with
siltstone and very fine sandstone with
occasional
carbonaceous
lamination.
Sandstone on lower part of this zone tends to
be greenish grey, compact, fine grain. On
upper part of this zone, occasionally burned
whitish grey reddish grey fine grain
sandstones are interbedded with mudstones.
Some coal seam layers occurred, ranging 0.20
0.60 m thickness, commonly covered with
carbonaceous clay or shaly coal as their roof or
floor rock. Lower part of this zone is marked by
greyish white limestone occurrence within
mudstone. Thicknesses of this zone are at least
120 m.
with sandstone intercalation. Mudstone, grey,
interbedded with siltstone (0.20 3 m
thickness) occurred with ironstone nodule.
Sandstone, grey, quartz dominated, bed
ranging 0.20 m 17 m thick, blocky, fine
medium grain, sometimes interbedded with
siltstone or contain ironstone fragment. Thick
sandstone on upper part of this zone scours on
coal. Some coal string and carbonaceous
mudstone occurred, varied from 5 cm to 15
cm. Coal in this zone is associated with
carbonaceous
material
(carbonaceous
mudstone or shaly coal), ranging 0.30 1 m
thickness, bright dull luster, subconchoidal
fracture, deposited on lower delta plain. The
carbonaceous materials tend to be banded in
coal seam or in single bed as coal seam roof or
seam floor. Average thickness of this zone is
around 250 m.
Zone 3 This zone is dominated by sandstone
with mudstone interbedding. Sandstone,
whitish grey grey, quartz dominated, very

Figure 7. Depositional Coal Zone of Separi

21
Figure 8. Outcrop of upper part of Lower Zone Separi Syncline, a) mudstone dominant with intercalation of
sandstone and coal seam layer, b) fine sandstone with interlaminated mudstone (IL MS), separating cross
bedding structure on upper strata and parallel lamination structure on lower strata, c) coal seam layers with
15 cm shaly coal as roof rock
Figure 9. Outcrop of Middle Zone Separi Syncline, a) thick fine grey sandstone with interbedded brown
sandstone, b) cross bedded sandstone with thin lamination of coal fragment
22

fine coarse grain, fining upward or blocky, 1

23 m thickness. Fragments in sandstone
usually consist of coal (<0.5 cm 6.0 cm) and
ironstone nodule (<0.5 cm 4.0 cm).
Sometimes, coal fragments occurred as thin
lamination in sandstone. Mudstone, grey
dark grey, occasional appearance of ironstone
nodule and occasional interlamination with
fine sandstone, 1 32 m thicknesses. Coal in
this zone relatively occurred as clean coal.
Occasional parting in coal seam usually
developed in lower ply, as appearance of
shaly coal, dull bright luster, subconchoidal
conchoidal fracture. Sometimes shaly coal
layer occurred as roof rock or floor rock, up to
15 cm thickness. Coal thickness ranging in 0.3
m 2.45 m. Dominant coal seams is Seam H,
deposited on upper delta plain. Average
thickness of this zone is around 310 m.
with sandstone interbedding (Fig. 8a).
Mudstone, grey dark grey, occasional
appearance of ironstone nodule and
occasional
interlamination
with
fine
sandstone, 1 70 m thicknesses. Sandstone,
whitish grey grey, quartz dominated, very
fine coarse grain, fining upward or blocky,
0.4 20 m thickness. Fragments in sandstone
usually consist of coal (<0.5 cm 6.0 cm) and
ironstone nodule (<0.5 cm 4.0 cm).
Sometimes, coal fragments occurred as thin
lamination in sandstone. Sandstone in this
zone sometimes presents direct contact to
coal seam as this condition may lead to
thinning of coal seam thickness by
sandstones scouring on top coal and sand
infilling within coal crack or cleat during
erosion. Occasionally, sandstone might
interlaminate with mudstone, presenting
interlaminated sandstone with average
thickness 0.15 m (Fig. 8b).
Two thick sandstones bedding might
identified in this zone, generally fining
upward, as sandstone below Seam F on
average thickness of 20 m, and sandstone in
the middle between Seam F and E (in zone 5,
named as SS3 sandstone) on average
thickness of 40 m with mudstone
interbedding (1 3 m). Sandstone in SS3 has a
trend of thinning on southern part of Separi

Syncline and relative equal thickness along
both flanks (Fig. 11). Coal in this zone relatively
occurred as clean coal. Occasional parting in
coal seam usually developed in lower ply, as
appearance of shaly coal, dull bright luster,
subconchoidal
conchoidal
fracture.
Sometimes shaly coal layer occurred as roof
rock or floor rock, up to 15 cm thickness (Fig.
8c). Coal thickness ranging in 0.3 m 2.45 m.
Dominant coal seams occurrences are Seam F
and G, deposited on upper delta plain. Average
thickness of this zone is around 350 m.
Zone 5 This zone is dominated by sandstone
with siltstone intercalation. Sandstone, grey,
quartz dominated, very fine grain on upper
strata, fine coarse grain in middle and lower
strata, fining upward, commonly cross bedding
with occasional parallel lamination of siltstone,
rare carbonaceous lamination with coal
fragments, with thickness varied 0.5 m >15
m. Sandstone between two coal seams (known
as Seam D and E) in this zone might named as
SS2 sandstone, as SS3 sandstone have a trend
of thinning on southern part of Separi Syncline
and relative equal thickness along both flanks
(Fig. 11). Siltstone, grey dark grey, mudstone
interbedded with occasional carbonaceous
lamination and ironstone nodule, 0.2 m 5 m
thickness. Coal, black, occasional occurrence
of shaly coal as parting (commonly less than 5
cm), with coal thickness ranging in 0.5 m 1.5
m. Dominant coal seams occurrences of Seam
D and E, deposited on fluviatil upper delta
plain. Average thickness of this zone is 60 80
m.
interbedded with siltstone, sandstone and coal
seams. Mudstone, grey dark grey, showed
interbedding with very fine sandstone and
siltstone, rare interlamination with
carbonaceous material with thickness varied
0.30 m 5 m. siltstone, grey, interbedded with
mudstone, thickness varied 0.30 m 4 m.
Sandstone, whitish grey grey, quartz
dominated with occasional oxidized mineral
infill as oxidized sandstone or ironstone and
coal fragments, varied from very fine coarse

23
grain and tend to fining upward, varied

thickness 0.30 15 m. Sandstones in this zone
tend to be loose with cross bedding sediment
structure as shown in Pit 4 M outcrop (Fig. 9).
Coal, black, bright dull luster, subconchoidal
brittle fracture. Lower coal ply tend to be
interlaminated with shaly coal, presenting
dirty coal up to 30 cm thickness. Coal
thickness ranging in 0.5 2 m, with dominant
coal seams occurrences of Seam C, deposited
on lower to upper delta plain. Average
thickness of this zone is 110 m.
Zone 7
This zone is sandstone interbedded with
mudstone and coal. Sandstone, whitish grey
grey, quartz dominated, very fine coarse
grain in fining upward, thickness varied 0.30
m 30 m, coal fragments layer 5 cm 20 cm
thickness, interbedded with brown sandstone.
Brown sandstone, hard, fine grain with iron
oxide content (Fig. 10). Coal, black, occasional
parting of shaly coal or carbonaceous
mudstone up to 10 cm, occasional occurrence
of resin, bright dull luster, subconchoidal
conchoidal fracture. Dominant coal seams
occurrences in this zone are Seam A and B,
deposited on upper delta plain. Average
thickness of this zone is 190 m.
Structural Geology of Separi
Generally, the concession area is deposited
along the Separi Syncline and on eastern part
turned to west flank of Prangat Syncline. The
syncline axis is plunging south on strike/dip
direction of N 280o E/4o.
On the eastern part of the Separi Syncline,
steep deep contact on the west side is found
to be approximately 80o but tend to be gentle
to the east, as the dip become only around 4o
and dipping east before meet the axis of
Prangat Syncline. This situation lead by
contact of Pulaubalang Formation and Lower
Balikpapan Formation on steep dip area and
gently dipping to the east as the Lower
Balikpapan Formation meet the broad area of
Prangat Syncline.
24
CONCLUSION
Separi Syncline area might be classified into
seven zone of coal deposition with each zone is
characterized by a typical lithological
sequence. It might help to increase the
understanding of coal stratigraphy of Separi
Syncline area in particular and the Kutai Basin
in general.
Zoning of coal deposition within Separi
Syncline might be applied for coal exploration
and geological modeling as coal association
with proportion of surrounding lithology might
help to develop good model. The coal tends to
get good continuity in lateral spreading on
relative high proportion of mudstone
association rather than sandstone association
due to erosional factor from sandstone.
This zoning division is expected to be
applied in the planning design, especially for
pit mine design. By looking on lithology
sequences in each zone, preliminary
determination might be developed for the
areas needed for geotechnical study of slope
stability purposes.
The observations and interpretations
described in this paper are preliminary, further
studies are recommended for better
understanding about coal stratigraphy of
Separi Syncline.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the management of PT.
Straits Consultancy Services for permission to
publish this paper. The paper based on
exploration work that involved contributions
from numerous geologists and support team.
All these people are gratefully acknowledged.
Thank also for Firmansyah S. ,Andrianus D. P.
and Wawan K. for their contributions on data
and picture preparations.

Figure 10. Outcrop of Upper Zone Separi Syncline, a) thick grey sandstone with coal fragment at bottom
scoured on mudstone, b) pebble cobble sediment on fine sandstone, c) medium coarse sandstone with
coal fragment
(a)
(b)
Figure 11. Sandstone thickness of SS2 layer and SS3 layer, showing a) relative equal thickness on both flanks
of the Separi Syncline, b) relative thinning spreading on southern part of the Separi Syncline

25
REFERENCES
Alam, F., 2009, Geology of Separi Prangat
Syncline PT Jembayan Muarabara, East
Kalimantan,
Indonesia
(unpublished
report), Exploration Department PT Straits
Consultancy Services
Cloke, I.R., Moss, S.J. and Craig, J., 1997,
Structural Controls on the Evolution of the
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan
on
www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/seasia
Djunarjanto, W., Baroto, T.I., Prijanto, P.E.,
Alam, F., 2009, Geologi PT Jembayan
Muarabara Separi, Kalimantan Timur,
Indonesia (Internal Report A 002), PT Straits
Consultancy Services
Land, D.H. and Jones, C.M., 1987, Coal
Geology and Exploration of Part of the Kutei
Basin in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In :
Coal and Coal bearing Strata: Recent
Advances (Editor A.C. Scott), Spec. Publ.
Geol. Soc., London, No. 32, p. 235 255.
Putra, S., 1988, Geological Map Samarinda
Block Scale 1:250.000, Kaltim Prima Coal
26


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Coal Stratigraphy of Separi, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Fajar Alam, Yohanes Sebayang, Widyo Djunarjanto, Purwadi Eka Prijanto

Anticlinorium; medium undulated spread over

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

Seismic profiles across both the northern

Generally, Lower Kutai Basin consists of fine

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

Figure 1. Research Area in Separi, East Kalimantan

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

Figure 3. Geological Map of Separi Prangat

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

Figure 4. Stratigraphic column of Separi

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

Figure 5. Isopach map of Seam B, E and H

Figure 6. S S Section with Coal Correlation

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

Regional Structural Geology

developed on lowland plane, mostly used as

Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources 2010 Proceeding, MGEI IAGI

the middle part of the Separi Syncline,