IELTS Mentor "IELTS Sample Answer & IELTS Preparation"

IELTS Academic Reading Sample 1 - Population Viability Analysis
Page 1 of 13
IELTS Mentor "IELTS Sample Answer & IELTS

Preparation"
IELTS Sample Questions
Reading Sample
Academic Reading
GT Reading
Writing Sample
Academic Writing Task 1
GT Writing Task 1
Writing Task 2
Listening Sample
Speaking Sample
Cue Card Sample
IELTS Preparation
Reading Preparation
Academic Reading
GT Reading
Writing Preparation
Academic Writing
Writing Task 1
Writing Task 2
GT Writing
Listening Preparation
Speaking Preparation
Find a Speaking Partner
IELTS Mock Test
http://www.ielts-mentor.com/reading-sample/academic-reading/26-ielts-academic-reading-s... 5/9/2016
Page 2 of 13

Last Updated: Sunday, 07 December 2014 13:37
Written by IELTS Mentor
Hits: 31474
Start Download Now

Convert From Doc to PDF, PDF to Doc Simply With The Free On-line App!
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-39 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below:
Population Viability Analysis

Part A
To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is important to understand the
consequences of those decisions. One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability
analysis (PVA). This is a tool for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over a
specific period. It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation decisions
and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population viability to assist wildlife
management in Australias forests. A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. This observation is a useful
starting point for any discussion of extinction as it highlights the role of luck and chance in the extinction process. To
make a prediction about extinction we need to understand the processes that can contribute to it and these fall into four
broad categories which are discussed below.
Page 3 of 13
Energy Conservation
usa.siemens.com/sustainable-energy
Facing the energy challenges in the U.S. with

Siemens technology!
PSD Supplies & Parts

7 Signs of Alzheimer's
Your Family Name History
Part B
A)
Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty whether an individual
survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance. Some pairs may produce several young in a single
year while others may produce none in that same year. Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the
random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if, on average, the
population size should increase. Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if
the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B) Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding. This is particularly true if there is a very small
number of one sex. For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future
individuals in the species must be descended from that one male. For most animal species such individuals are less
likely to survive and reproduce. Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C)
Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts. Without genetic variability a
species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new
diseases. The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of
extinction.
D)
Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered. Australias environment fluctuates
enormously from year to year. These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species.
Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average
level. When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be
confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to several thousand.
Part C
Beside these processes we need to bear in mind the distribution of a population. A species that occurs in five isolated
places each containing 20 individuals will not have the same probability of extinction as a species with a single
population of 100 individuals in a single locality. Where logging occurs (that is, the cutting down of forests for timber)
forest-dependent creatures in that area will be forced to leave. Ground-dwelling herbivores may return within a decade.
However, arboreal marsupials (that is animals which live in trees) may not recover to pre-logging densities for over a
Page 4 of 13
century. As more forests are logged, animal population sizes will be reduced further. Regardless of the theory or model
that we choose, a reduction in population size decreases the genetic diversity of a population and increases the
probability of extinction because of any or all of the processes listed above. It is therefore a scientific fact that increasing
the area that is loaded in any region will increase the probability that forest-dependent animals will become extinct.
Questions 28-31
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Part A of Reading Passage 1? In boxes 28-31 on your
answer sheet write:
YES
if the statement agrees with the writer
NO
if the statement contradicts the writer
NOT GIVEN
if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
Example
Answer
A link exists between the consequences of decisions and

the decision making process itself.
28
Scientists are interested in the effect of forestry on native animals.
29
PVA has been used in Australia for many years.
30
A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
31
Extinction is a naturally occurring phenomenon.
YES
Questions 32-35
These questions are based on Part B of Reading Passage 1. In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes
which may contribute to the extinction of a species. Match the list of processes (i-vi) to the paragraphs. Write the
appropriate number (i-vi) in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more processes than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.
Processes
32 Paragraph A
33 Paragraph B
i Loss of ability to adapt

ii Natural disasters
iii An imbalance of the sexes
34 Paragraph C
35 Paragraph D
iv Human disasters
v Evolution
vi The haphazard nature of reproduction
Questions 36-38
Based on your reading of Part C, complete the sentences below with words taken from the passage. Use NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 36-38 on your answer sheet.
Page 5 of 13
While the population of a species may be on the increase, there is always a chance that small isolated groups ..........
(36) .......... Survival of a species depends on a balance between the size of a population and its .......... (37) ......... The
likelihood that animals which live in forests will become extinct is increased when .......... (38) ...........
Question 39
Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 39 on your answer sheet.
39 An alternative heading for the passage could be:
A
The protection of native flora and fauna
Influential factors in assessing survival probability
An economic rationale for the logging of forests
Preventive measures for the extinction of a species
Click the button to Show/ Hide Answers

Show/ Hide Answers
PROMOTED ON w3.blaylockwellness.com
ielts-mentor.com
PROMOTED ON oxfordjournals.org
7 Signs of Alzheimer's
IELTS Academic Reading Sample 165 New Special Issue

- The Problem...
ielts-mentor.com
ielts-mentor.com
Vocabulary For Academic IELTS

Writing Task 1 (p...
IELTS Academic Reading Sample 150 IELTS Academic Reading Sample

A Remarkable ...
- The Search ...
ielts-mentor.com
Rating 3.77 (22 Votes)
Next
Comments
# Uynga
2016-04-20 09:09
-3
Page 6 of 13
I want to give IELTS exam.

Reply | Reply with quote | Quote
# Khalid
+1
2016-05-03 06:44
I have registered my IELTS exam. The final date is 4th June, 2016.
# Askari Haider
2016-04-15 20:44
Seriously I face difficulty to find fill in blanks.I couldn't expected like these small words
in blanks. Seriously we need this kind of tips.
# Neelam Khan
+1
2016-04-13 08:22
From 36-38, I am confuse. Please explain these answers. How can I find their answer
correctly?
# Yuki
2016-05-09 00:29
In the part C, you have to find the word/s in the passage to complete the sentence.
Sometimes they change or rephrase the sentence, that is why you have to
understand it.
# Brusk
2016-03-23 01:59
+13
Q 28 must be not given. There is no information about that. I solved countless gap-fill
questions and this is the first time I've seen the answers that independent from the
passage.
# Thogin
+1
2016-04-11 05:56
I agree with you, there is nothing about scientists and what not. 29 runs into the
same issue.
# Purna
2016-04-07 15:22
+2
The correct answer is "Yes" because the key words effect and forestry has been
used in the passage and this tool is eventually used by the scientists.
# Shabbir123
2016-03-15 07:57
+2
Sir please I have a lot of confusions in questions 36-38. How to find this type of
answers? Is there any tip or something easy procedure which may help in exam in a
short time? I am always getting struck in this type of question - fill in the blanks. So
any body please give me logic to find the answer of this type questions. Thanks.
# Jahangir Alom
Page 7 of 13
2016-04-23 19:30
36-38 are summarized of part c. Read part c & try to understand but you have to
catch key words of 36, 37 & 38.
# Sanjeev
+2
2016-02-24 12:20
Hi, this is my first time in IELTS and I found this website very sympathetic to me.
Thank you so much in advance.
# Comma please
2015-10-20 10:12
-19
Why you don't put any comma in reading passage. We are a LEARNER!!!!!!!!!!. I don't
want to learn bad habit. However, Thanks for updating.
# Ratheepan
2015-10-08 07:11
+3
Hi I started studying IELTS just one month ago. I found this web just three days ago. I
wanted say that this will help me get high band in IELTS. Can you explain that 36 to
38 I could not find the answers one that page. Where can I find the answer? It may be
in whole page or I have to think?
# Attar
2015-11-30 13:59
+5
Use Show/ Hide Answers

# Joanna
2015-10-05 22:13
+1
It was helpful! Thanks!

# Stepan
2015-10-05 19:45
+1
Can anyone please explain to me, why in the world question 28 is YES?? There is
nowhere in Part A stating that! So why? It must be Not Given.And would the answer
'forests are logged' be acceptable for question 38, instead of presented answer in the
key?
# Dai
2015-09-25 16:01
+3
Questions from 36 to 38 with require take words from passage (part C), but I do not
see exactly many phrase words in your answers. can you explain for me?
# ok
2016-01-20 12:06
Like!
# mohamedaboelgheit
Page 8 of 13
+2
2015-08-07 04:29
Hey. It's confusing that the answer words given to 36, 37 & 38 are not included in the
passage. Is that acceptable to use words that are not included in the passage but
have the same meaning?
thank you
# Tahmin
-2
2015-07-28 00:23
Hi, I did not understand how answers were chosen for 28 to 31!!!! for an example for
the qs: 1 ans given as yes. Can anyone tell me where it is written exactly? Seriously I
doubt the answers are right if I follow the passage.Sorry every one.
# Shalini
-2
2015-07-26 00:17
No comments
# simranjeet
-5
2015-07-25 12:24
Hi m simran, I don't understand the answers of the passage.

# Usman
+1
2015-07-10 19:47
36 question answer is i think.(number)

# Naveen
+2
2015-07-01 20:31
I am so much confused about question 36, 37 and 38. How can I fill suitable word?
# Linh
2015-06-18 08:40
Can you explain question 37 to me please?

Thank you a lot !
# Agata
+3
2015-06-08 23:56
for question 28 keywords are "forestry on the ecosystem".Ecosystem refers to native

animals.
# malakpreet kaur
2015-05-29 15:43
Hi, I do not understand 36 to 38.

# phamthoa
2015-05-08 16:38
+17
Page 9 of 13
Actually, I don't find any information that convince that the scientists are interested in
the effect of forestry on native animals. so I chose Not given for question 28. :( please
explain for me.
# Maryam
2016-03-22 12:43
The answer can be inferred from the beginning part of the text.
# Srikanth
+1
2015-11-18 19:35
I am also confused that 28 Q.

# Neerav
2015-08-22 01:15
In true-false you deal with fact while in yes-no you deal with opinion of narrator and
not the exact fact so check out last line of this passage which depicts a scientific
fact.
# Neerav
-2
2015-08-22 01:06
Read last line of section C of passage.

# motaz
-3
2015-05-26 14:35
There is a enormous potential for using population viability to assist wildlife

management in Australias forests
I think that what they mean by interest
# Kay,
2015-05-07 22:44
Anyone pls explain q1

# Kay,
2015-05-07 22:41
+2
Hello mentor,
I was taught that for the type of question - Y, N, NG we have to find the exact or same
meaning word in the text to conclude it is Yes or True, and implication or guessing
might not be right. Can you plz explain this, question 1 in particular..
Thank you
# Razz
2015-04-30 09:47
-7
I am happy. It is easy passage. I enjoyed reading.

# sairus
2015-04-08 08:29
+2
Page 10 of 13
I'm sorry, is it only me who thinks these examples are way too easy compared to the
actual test questions?
I don't know if these are taken from IELTS actual questionnaires and if so, I'm glad
that these help a lot. Thanks to the provider though, you are much appreciated.
# Lucius
+1
2015-03-30 01:22
It is very hard :(
# jerry
+6
2015-03-23 19:53
where can we find the support info for the the answer in number 28?
# mussawer nazir
+2
2015-03-12 02:27
That's a great effort. I enjoyed this test thoroughly.

# mussawer nazir
-1
2015-03-12 02:25
That's great effort . I enjoyed this test well.

# surendra
-1
2015-03-07 11:25
I think 38 answer could be reduced population size ??

# VIKRAMBIR SINGH AULAKH
-1
2015-01-20 09:00
I m very very thankful for the whole information regarding ielts

# caraiu john
-2
2015-01-06 01:18
Good Help for IELTS Reading ...caraiu

# Fan
2014-12-28 13:08
36.37.38.got some serious situation.

# ZaZa
-1
2014-12-07 13:17
Thank you in advance for your efforts. I'm wondering why there are not exact match
answers for questions 36, 37 and 38? Is it acceptable we change the form of the
word?
# mohamedaboelgheit
2015-08-07 04:30
-1
Page 11 of 13
Quoting ZaZa:
Thank you in advance for your efforts. I'm wondering why there are not exact match answers for questions 36,
37 and 38? Is it acceptable we change the form of the word?
its a good question. we really need a clarification

# priyanka saha
2014-11-22 21:20
Iam grateful to u for arranging such an wonderful sample quest....................

# Erica
-2
2014-10-16 14:42
Answer No. 39 is not given. Is it (B)?

# Mohamed
-1
2015-09-17 00:46
No I think it is B because the passage explains some solutions.

# IELTS Mentor
+2
2014-10-16 17:36
Yes, the right answer for the question 39 would be 'B': (Influential factors in
assessing survival probability)
# love sran
2015-09-28 20:01
Quoting IELTS Mentor:

Yes, the right answer for the question 39 would be 'B': (Influential factors in assessing survival probability)
Pls ..tell me some strategies of Cambridge reading

# Bilal Shah
+2
2015-09-28 13:10
I did not understand why the answer for 28 is yes, why not 'not given'?
# karan
+4
2014-10-13 21:21
Answers from 36 to 38 are more than 3 words

# mohamedaboelgheit
2015-08-07 04:30
-3
I noticed the same

:)
# Abraham
Page 12 of 13
+5
2014-10-14 01:59
Quoting karan:
Answers from 36 to 38 are more than 3 words
Dear Karan, If you notice the answers, you would find that:
36. will not survive
37. locality
38. logging takes place
and none of them contains more than three words.
# mofazzal
-2
2014-03-07 14:32
thanks bro
# sanjit mozumder
-3
2014-02-28 12:06
aro valo questions chai?

# Israa
2014-01-15 13:43
Thank you so much, very useful :-)

Refresh comments list
RSS feed for comments to this post
Add comment
Name (required)
E-mail (required, but will not display)
2000 symbols left
Notify me of follow-up comments
Page 13 of 13
Refresh
Send

IELTS Mentor "IELTS Sample Answer & IELTS Preparation"

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

IELTS Mentor "IELTS Sample Answer & IELTS Preparation"

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

IELTS Academic Reading Sample 1 - Population Viability Analysis