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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is with immense pleasure and satisfaction that we present our first attempt in practical
experience in the form of project work.
There are many people who helped us in successful completion of our project. First of all
we would like to express our sincere thanks to our Mr. Abhishek Pandey sir, for providing
congenial atmosphere to carry out our project work. We would like express heartfelt
thanks to ----------- for their guidance and encouragement they haves given throughout
the course of the project work.
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
In todays world, vehicles have become predominant mode of transportation. With rising
number of vehicles and parking spaces, vehicles parked along the road and even on
sidewalks have become fairly common way. With parked vehicles encroaching on road
space and pedestrian space,will always lead to vehicles trafficking and accidents chances
increases too.
A well organized parking system which makes maximum use of available space offers a
solution to this situation.
There are two types of parking systems:
Multistoried parking systems are preferred since they multiply parking capacity of a
given area. Various floors are present for parking the vehicles with ramps and staircases
provided for moving between floors. These types of systems are expensive to build and
require manpower for coordination. To make system automated and less expensive,
stacking systems are used. In these systems, lift is available for moving the vehicle from
one floor to another
Experimental Setup
In this project, We have designed a symbolic parking system containing two floors,
executing the entry and exit of vehicles through elevator which is controlled by
Arduino(ATmega 2560).
In order to implement the multi-level car parking system, We needs to setup and assemble
the hardware components and write a program to control the multi-level car parking
system.
Construction of the system In this project
We have discussed some elements that help in shaping our project design for the car
parking comprising two floors. Keeping in view the cost of elements, easily availability
in the market were selected.
The electronic deviceswhich are choosen for completing this project are : Voltage Regulator
DC motor
Easy driver (A3967SLBT)
Arduino
Limit switch
IR Proximity Sensor
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Voltage regulator ICs are available with 5, 12 and 15V) or. It rated by the maximum
current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in
dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection from excessive
current (overload protection) and overheating (thermal protection).
Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors,
such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the bottom. It include a hole for
attaching a heat sink if necessary.
The EasyDriver is a simple to use stepper motor driver, compatible with anything that can output a
digital 0 to 5V pulse.It requires a 7V to 20V supply to power the motor and can power any voltage of
stepper motor.
Features:
MS1 and MS2 pins broken out to change microstepping resolution to full, half, quarter and
eighth steps (defaults to eighth)
Power supply range from 7V to 20V. The higher the voltage, the higher the torque at high
speeds
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/retired/13226
The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started.
Features:
ATmega2560 microcontroller
16 Analog Inputs
DC motor
DC Motors
DC (Direct Current) Motors are two wire (power & ground), continuous rotation motors. When you supply
power, a DC motor will start spinning until that power is removed. Most DC motors run at a high RPM
(revolutions per minute), examples being computer cooling fans, or radio controlled car wheels
Servo Motors
Servo motors are generally an assembly of four things: a DC motor, a gearing set, a control circuit and a
position-sensor (usually a potentiometer).
The position of servo motors can be controlled more precisely than those of standard DC motors, and they
usually have three wires (power, ground & control). Power to servo motors is constantly applied, with the
servo control circuit regulating the draw to drive the motor.
Stepper Motors
A stepper motor is essentially a servo motor that uses a different method of motorisation. Where a servo motor
uses a continuous rotation DC motor and integrated controller circuit, stepper motors utilise multiple toothed
electromagnets arranged around a central gear to define position.
http://www.modmypi.com/blog/whats-the-difference-between-dc-servo-stepper-motors
Limit switch
A limit switch is a switch, usually mechanical, that is actuated by a moving part of some machine.
Its operation is much like any other switch in that there are contacts that move when a plunger or
lever on the outside of the switch is pushed. Internally there is an over center spring mechanism
that snaps the switch open or shut in response to a gradual motion of the plunger or lever.
Many limit switches have three terminals. One is the normally closed contact, another the
normally open contact, and the third is the common that switches between these two as the
mechanism is moved.
An emitter
A receiver.
IR sensors are used in the same ways as the visible light sensors are as break-beams The
emitter and the detector face each other; objects are detected if they interrupt the beam of
light between the emitter and the detector Stepwise Operation process
A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical
contact.
A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic or electrostatic field, or a beam of
electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return
signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different
proximity sensor targets demand different sensors.
Conclusion
The multi-level car parking system had successfully been designed and developed. The
control strategy for the traffic flow to the multi level car parking system was curried out
using the PLC. The PLC with the help of some sensors checks the availability of the
vacant place on each floor. It can be noticed that the control system for the multi-level
car parking system has achieved the anticipated performance to regulate the entry and
exit of the car to/from several floors accurately. The movement of the elevator between
the floors was continuous and smooth as requested. The number of entering and existing
car from all the two floors was controlled as per the signals from the sensors on each
floor at the entry and exit point. The entry and exist phases of the cars depends on the
availability of the elevator and the time required for exist. The preference for the entry
will be for the car that is present at the stopping in front of an elevator at the ground
floor. Meanwhile, the preference for exist from other floors will depend firstly on the
space and secondly on the time demanded for exist.
Our Smart Car Parking model has been designed; all the parts in it are manufactured and
we are under assembly which will be completed soon. Analysis of the model has to be
done when developing a life size model. As the life cycle model involves huge money,
proper design and advanced methods are to be used to meet the requirements of the
customers. Although we developed working model of the original one, we tried
maximum to develop a replica of original and we were compromised only in those stages
where the work cannot be completed by assuming or neglecting few factors.
Future work:
This automated car parking system can be installed with safety installations such
as, whenever there is human movement in the system, the rotation of the
platforms should be immediately stopped.
The platforms can also be equipped with safety sensors guiding the movement of
vehicles in the platforms.
It can be fully automated by integrating it with a panel board, such that whenever
a particular number is called on the panel board, the respective platform should
appear at the ground level.
This calling can also be made more secured by providing each platform a specific
password, so that only whenever a particular password is typed the platform is
retrieved.
It can also be programmed, so that the platforms travel the minimum distance in
the retrieval of the vehicle.
A turn table can be incorporated with the system in front of the ramp of platform
so that cars can be easily turned and parked into the platform. This is very useful
in the areas where cars cannot turn easily to get into the platform.