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discussed further.
Farmed fishes have the entire biological machinery of digestive
and metabolic enzymes, hormones, glucose transporters and
glucose sensing components, which are essential to use glucose
as a cellular energy currency. Nevertheless, certain divergence
in regulatory mechanism makes them less able to use digestible
forms of carbohydrates to meet energy requirements, when
compared to other livestock.
There are remarkable differences in carbohydrate utilisation
between and even within fish species linked to their diverse
feeding habits, anatomical features, physiology and rearing
habitats. Particularly, farmed carnivorous fishes such as salmon
and trout are considered to be less tolerant to carbohydrate rich
meals mainly due to slow blood glucose clearance.
Consequently, the dietary inclusion level and appropriate source
of carbohydrate is decided based on protein sparing without
any adverse effect on growth and physiology of the fish. The
maximum recommended levels of dietary carbohydrate inclusion
fall within 15-25 percent for salmonids and marine fish, while it
can go up to 50 percent for herbivorous and omnivorous species
(NRC, 2011).
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09.02.15 11:30
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