RD-1085 Linear Steady State Heat Convection Analysis PDF

HyperWorks Tutorials
RD-1085: Linear Steady State Heat Convection Analysis

This tutorial performs a heat transfer analysis on a steel pipe, as shown in Figure 1. The temperature on the inside
surface of the pipe is 60 C. The outside surface is exposed to the surrounding air, which is at 20 C. The
temperature distribution within the pipe can be determined by solving the linear steady state heat conduction and
convection solution.
Figure 1: Model review
The following exercises are included:
Create the thermal material and property
Create and apply the thermal boundary conditions on the model
Submit the job to RADIOSS
Post-process the results in HyperView
Set up the model in HyperMesh

Step1: Load the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User Profile and import the model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select RADIOSS in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Select BulkData from the extended list.
4.
Click OK.
This loads the User Profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and import reader, paring down
the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for generating models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
User Profiles can also be accessed from the Preferences pull-down menu on the toolbar.
5.
Click the Import panel toolbar button
An Import window opens.

The Import type: is FE Modeland the File type: is RADIOSS (Bulk Data).
6.
Click the open file icon
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window opens.

7.
Select the thermal.femfile, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under

<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
8.
Click Open.
file:///E:/Program Files/Altair/11.0/help/hwtut/hwtut.htm?basic_small_disp_tut.htm
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8.
Click Open.
The location of thermal.femnow displays in the File: field.
9.
Click Import.
The thermal.femdatabase is loaded into the current HyperMesh session.
Step 2: Create the thermal material properties

Create the material and property collectors before creating the component collectors.
1.
Click the Materials icon
2.
Go to the create subpanel.
3.
Click mat name = and enter steel.
4.
Click type = and select ISOTROPIC.
5.
Click card image = and select MAT1.
6.
Click create/edit and go to the material card image editor panel.
7.
Check the box in front of MAT4 under User Comments.

MAT4 card image appears below MAT1 in the material information area. MAT1 card is used to define the
isotropic structural material. MAT4 card is for the constant thermal material. MAT4 uses the same material ID
as MAT1.
If a quantity in brackets does not have a value below it, it is OFF. To change this, click the quantity in brackets
and an entry field will appear below it. Click the entry field and enter a value.
8.
Input the following material information for steelin the cards.

Youngs modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011Pa
Poissons ratio:
Material density:
= 0.3
= 7.9 x 103 Kg/m3
Thermal expansion coefficient: A = 1.0 x 10-5 /
Thermal conductivity: K = 73W / m C

Heat transfer coefficient: H = 40W / m2 C
9.
Click return twice to go back to the main menu.

A new material, steel, is created with both structural and thermal properties.
10. Click the Properties icon
11. Click prop name = and enter solid.

12. Click type = and select 3D.
13. Click card image = and select PSOLID.
14. Click material = and select steel.
15. Click create.
16. Click return and go back to the main menu.
The property of the solid steel pipe has been created as 3D PSOLID. Material information is linked to this
property.
Step 3: Link the material and property to the existing structure

Once the material and property are defined, they need to be linked to the structure.
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1.
Click the Components icon
2.
Enter the update subpanel by clicking the radio button in front of it.
3.
Click the highlighted comps and select the component pipe.
4.
Toggle <no property> to property =.
5.
Click property = and select solidfrom the pop-up menu.

Property card image and material information are listed below the property entry field.
6.
Click update.
7.
Click return to go to the main menu.
Apply thermal boundary conditions on the model

In this exercise the thermal boundary conditions will be applied on the model and saved in a predefined load
collector spc_temp. A predefined node 4679 is used to specify the ambient temperature. A predefined node set
node_temp contains the nodes on the inside surface of the pipe.
Step 4: Create temperatures on the inner surface of the pipe

1.
Click the Set Current Load Collector panel located at the right corner of the footer bar, as shown below.
A list of load collectors will appear.

2.
Make sure spc_temp is the current load collector.
3.
From the Analysis page, select the constraints panel.
4.
5.
Make sure the current selection field is nodes.
6.
Click nodes and select by sets from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
7.
Select node_tempand click select.
8.
Uncheck the box in front of dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6 and keep 0.0in the entry fields.
9.
Make sure SPC is selected as load types.
10. Click create.

This applies the temperature 0.0 on the inside nodes. Next step, the temperature value will be updated to 60.
11. Click Card edit button
12. Select loads entry.

13. Click loads and select by collectors.
14. Check the box in front of spc_temp and click select.
15. Click config= and select const.
16. Click type= and select SPC.
17. Click edit.
18. In the field of D, enter 60.0.
19. Click return twice to go back to the Analysis page.
Step 5: Create ambient temperature

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1.
Make sure spc_temp is the current load collector.
2.
From the Analysis page, select the constraints panel.
3.
4.
Click nodes and select by ID from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
5.
Input the ID of the predefined node 4679.

Node 4679 should be highlighted.
6.
Uncheck the box in front of dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6 and keep 0.0in the entry fields.
7.
Click create.
8.
Click Card edit button
9.
Select loads entry.
10. Select the ambient spc just created on the screen.

11. Click config= and select const.
12. Click type= and select SPC.
13. Click edit.
14. In the field of D, enter 20.0.
The temperature boundary conditions are created, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 2: Thermal boundary conditions.
Step 6: Create CHBDYE surface elements for heat convection

Surface elements are to be created to simulate the heat exchange between the solid pipe and the surrounding air.
A predefined element set elem_convec, which contains the solid elements on the outer surface of the pipe, is
used to define the surface elements.
1.
From the Analysis page, click interfaces.
2.
Click name = on create subpanel and enter convection.
3.
Click type = and select CONVECTION.
4.
Click interface color and select a color from the palette.
5.
Click create/edit and enter PCONV card image panel.
6.
Click MID and select steelas the material and click return.
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An element group convection and a free convection property PCONV are created.
7.
Go to add subpanel.
8.
Click name = and select convection.
9.
Click the switch button under slave and select face from the pop-up list.
10. Click the highlighted solid elems and select by sets from the pop-up selection menu.
11. Select element set elem_convecand click select.
12. Click nodes in face nodes field.
13. Select 4 nodes on the surface face of a solid element, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3: Selected surface nodes on the solid element outside the pipe.
14. In the break angle = field, enter 89.0.

15. Click add.
This adds the CHBDYE surface elements to the solid elements on the outer surface following the same side
convention, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 4: Surface elements on the outer layer of the pipe.
Step 7: Define the convection boundary condition to surface elements

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1.
Click Card edit button
2.
Select elems entry.
3.
Click elems and select by group.
4.
Check the box in front of convection and click select.
5.
Click config= and select slave4.
6.
Click type= and select CHBDYE4.
7.
Click edit and go to the CHBDYE card image panel.
8.
Check the box in front of CONV.
9.
Click TA1 and input the ambient node ID 4679as shown below.
Step 8: Create a heat transfer loadstep

A RADIOSS steady state heat convection loadstep will be created which references the thermal boundary
conditions in the load collector spc_temp. The gradient, flux, and temperature output for the heat transfer analysis
will also be requested in the loadsteps panel.
1.
From the Analysis page, select the loadsteps panel.
2.
Click the type: switch and select heat transfer.
3.
Click name = and enter heat_transfer.
4.
Check the box preceding SPC.
5.
Click the = sign and select spc_temp.
6.
Click create.
7.
Click edit to enter the subcase edit panel.
8.
Check the box preceding Analysis.

The option of analysis type appears in the subcase information area.
9.
Click the button below TYPE and select HEAT as the analysis type.
10. Check the box next to Output.

11. Activate the options of Flux and Thermal on the sub-list.
The output options Flux and Thermal are shown in the subcase information area.
12. Click the button under FORMAT and select H3D format for both results.
13. Click the button under OPTION and select ALL.
Flux and Thermal output can also be requested in control cards panel on Analysis page.
14. Click return twice.
Submit the Job
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Step 9: Launch RADIOSS

1.
From the Analysis page, select the Radioss panel.
2.
Click save as following the input file: field.

A Save As browser window opens.
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS model file and enter the name for the model,
thermal_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
The .femfilename extension is the recommended extension for Bulk Data Format input decks.
4.
Click Save.
Note the name and location of the thermal_complete.femfile displays in the input file: field.
5.
Set the memory options: toggle to memory default.
6.
Click the run options: switch and select analysis.
7.
Set the export options: toggle to all.
8.
Click Radioss.
This launches the job. If the job is successful, you should see new results files in the directory from which
thermal_complete.femwas selected. The thermal_complete.outfile is a good place to look for error
messages that could help debug the input deck if any errors are present.
View and Post process the Results

Gradient temperatures and flux contour results for the steady state heat conduction analysis and the stress and
displacement results for the structural analysis are computed from RADIOSS. HyperView will be used to post
process the results.
Step 10: View the results for heat transfer analysis

1.
Once you receive the message Process completed successfully in the command window, click HyperView.
HyperView is launched and the results are loaded. A message window appears to inform of the successful
model and result files loading into HyperView.
2.
Click Close to close the message window.
3.
Click the Contour toolbar button
4.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select Grid Temperatures(s).
5.
Click Apply.
A contour plot of grid temperatures is created. You may have to use Edit Legend in the Contour panel to
get the contour shown in Figure 5.
6.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select Element Fluxes (V).
7.
Click Apply.
You may have to use Edit Legend in the Contour panel to get the contour shown in Figure 5.
Both temperature and flux contour plots are shown below in Figure 5.
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Figure 5: Results of heat transfer analysis
Go To
RADIOSS Tutorials
8/8

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HyperWorks Tutorials

RD-1085: Linear Steady State Heat Convection Analysis

Figure 1: Model review

The following exercises are included:

Create the thermal material and property

Create and apply the thermal boundary conditions on the model

Submit the job to RADIOSS

Post-process the results in HyperView

Set up the model in HyperMesh

Select RADIOSS in the User Profile dialog.

Select BulkData from the extended list.

Click the Import panel toolbar button

An Import window opens.

Click the open file icon

in the File: field.

A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window opens.

Select the thermal.femfile, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under

Step 2: Create the thermal material properties

Click the Materials icon

Go to the create subpanel.

Click mat name = and enter steel.

Click type = and select ISOTROPIC.

Click card image = and select MAT1.

Click create/edit and go to the material card image editor panel.

Check the box in front of MAT4 under User Comments.

Input the following material information for steelin the cards.

Thermal expansion coefficient: A = 1.0 x 10-5 /

Thermal conductivity: K = 73W / m C

Click return twice to go back to the main menu.

10. Click the Properties icon

11. Click prop name = and enter solid.

Step 3: Link the material and property to the existing structure

Click the Components icon

Click the highlighted comps and select the component pipe.

Toggle <no property> to property =.

Click property = and select solidfrom the pop-up menu.

Click return to go to the main menu.

Apply thermal boundary conditions on the model

Step 4: Create temperatures on the inner surface of the pipe

A list of load collectors will appear.

Make sure spc_temp is the current load collector.

From the Analysis page, select the constraints panel.

Go to the create subpanel.

Make sure the current selection field is nodes.

Select node_tempand click select.

Make sure SPC is selected as load types.

10. Click create.

12. Select loads entry.

Step 5: Create ambient temperature

Make sure spc_temp is the current load collector.

From the Analysis page, select the constraints panel.

Go to the create subpanel.

Input the ID of the predefined node 4679.

Click Card edit button

Select loads entry.

10. Select the ambient spc just created on the screen.

Figure 2: Thermal boundary conditions.

15. Click return twice to go back to the Analysis page.

Step 6: Create CHBDYE surface elements for heat convection

From the Analysis page, click interfaces.

Click name = on create subpanel and enter convection.

Click type = and select CONVECTION.