Student Discussion/Poster preparation Abortion and Reproductive Losses

Brucellosis

Leptospirosis

Campylobacteriosis

Trichomoniasis

Local names

Bangs Dz

Weils Dz

Vibriosis

Trichomonas
Trich

Causative Agent

B. abortus / melitensis / ovis / suis /

canis

L. Pomona / icterohaemorrhagiae /
canicola / hardjo (mastitis)

C. fetus venerealis

T. foetus

Epidemiology
(behaviour of dz
in env / epi triad)

-Late gestation
-Natural mating B. ovis (ram is
affected) (not of concern)
-Unpasteurized milk
-Ingestion of dsch from infected cows
that hv just aborted placenta
-purchased of carrier cows
-inhalation,cuts,abrasions or droplet
-infected material at time of calving or
abortion
-most calves infected at birth clear the
infection
-lack at precaution at movemen
-infected breeding bulls transmit during
service to cow from infected semen.

-Rodents (reservoir/vector) cause

-contamination in water/feed etc
-Mucous membrane penetration break
of skin, inhalation
-transmission occur through
urine,aborted fetus and uterine dsch
-splashes of urine from other cows
-zoonotic
-venereal infctn is unimportant
-cattle remain carriers up to 18 months
-organism viable up to 6 months in damp
soil and free surface h2o

Coitus / venereal transmission from

carrier / contaminated bull (older) /
AI (normally not screening )

Coitus / venereal transmission from

carrier / contaminated bull (older) /
>4 years male

-intro of infected bulls or cows

occurence
-rare
-cattle

Pathogenesis
-ingestion
-replicate in LN
-bacteremia followed by colonisation of
supramammary LN,mammary gland,and
gravid uterus
-uterine infctn at 2nd trimester
- bacteria appears in placenta and
replicates in chorioallantoic trophoblast
due to presence of erythritol
-organisms also occur in foetal
placenta,endothelial cells,and capillary
lumina causing vasculitis and destructon
of chorionic villi.
-placental inflammation and disruption
causes foetal death and expulsion of
fetus
-shedding of bacte usually stops at 3

Pathogenesis
-abrasions, mucosa multiplies
-septicemia in 4-7 d
-meninges-meningitis
-kidney n tubules-shedding
-uterus n placenta-abortion
-liver-hemolysin-hemolytic anemiajaundice

Pathogenesis
-passes thru cervix
-organism establish in uterus, one week
after vaginal infection.
-causes mucopurulent endometritis
(persist for 3-4 months)
-also salpingitis
-prevent conception,or causes
embryonic death and heifers return to
estrus by 40d
-abortion less common

Pathogenesis
-endometritis
-salpingitis=death of conceptus,b4 or
after conceptus

weeks after abortion

Typical Signs

Abortion
Third trimester
-calves born immature and weak
-inflammation of uterus n excessive
vaginal dsch
No pyometra

Abortion
Towards the end pregnancy
(stillbirth)
No pyometra

Repeat breeding (unsuccessful)

Abortion
In early embryonic stage
Within the estrous cycle

Calves
-meningitis
-severe depression n reduced appetite
-pyrexia
-opisthotonus
-muscle tremor
-paddling when in lateral recumbency
-occasionally, extensor rigidity
-ophthalmitis w hypopyon
-PLR is slow-maybe blind dt optic disc
oedema n renal vessel congestion

-infertility
-early embryonic death
-Hx of high return to estrus prolonged
interestrous interval
-sporadic abortion=4-8 months gestation

Adults
-milking cows in early stage-milk drop
syndrome
-pyrexia
-eating normally w no obvious
abnormality in demeanour
-yellow orange coloured milk,thick sticky
like colostrum
-all 4 Q affx-no evidence of
inflammation,hardness
-milk yield slowly return to normal
-high leukocyte count in milk
-following localization in kidney-abortion
can occur at gestation 4-9 months
especially in younger cows
-calves born alive in late gestation
maybe weak, lethargic and non viable.
-high conc of organisms excreted
following abortion.

Repeat breeding (unsuccessful)

Abortion
In early embryonic stage
Within the estrous cycle
Pyometra
Metritis
-irregular return of service
-whitish dsch
-pyometra
-return to service
-poor calving %
-self cure
-male carry in fold of prepuce

Samples

Serum RBPT / ELISA / CFT

Milk Milk Ring test /
Placenta n discharge

Urine
Blood

Diagnosis

-PM on fetus
=placentitis,necrotic
cotyledons,intercotyledonary placenta is
thickened n opaque
-histo
=suppurative placentitis (endometritis in
dam)
=suppurative bronchopneumonia in
fetus
-serology
Milk Ring test (ag+ab+??) TEST 1
RBPT(ag) reagent (test presence of ab)
ELISA ag)
-culture
=foetal lung,abomasum,placenta,
maternal urine,mammary secretion
Trx long acting Oxytet, streptomycin
No Trx- Test n slaughter

-Urine to look for ag in dark field

microscope-demons of leptospira sp.
-MAT microscopic agglutination test
-tissue smear=FA technique
-culture=blood,milk,urine
-ELISA=paired serum, indv serum

Can be trx streptomycin 10 mg/kg (3-5d

-single dose streptomycin 25 mg/kg

Cow= Intrauterine Penstrep,

spontaneous recovery within 5 months

*Clinical case in farm

Isolate the animal wait until it is dried
(prevent shedding) then slaughter
Vaccine
Killed to reduce no clinical cases
Live given to the young female (48mths)
Mgmt
Isolation ref clinical case *

Mgmt
Control rat (reservoir)
Feed storage
Env feed trough (possible
contamination)
Vaccination
Treat incoming animals
Hygiene
Do not keep stagnant h2o

AI
Justification trx

Treatment

Control

-Preputial wash how? Sterile fluid

flushing inside the wall of prepuce. After
3-4 flushes then retrieve the sample
-Vaginal swab/mucus
Preputial wash stain microscope
seagull shape / culture

Preputial wash how? Sterile fluid

flushing inside the wall of prepuce. After
3-4 flushes then retrieve the sample
Vaginal swab
Preputial wash stain microscope
seagull shape / culture

Dark field microscopy

-curved rod w cockscrew mvmnt

-disch-direct microscopy=flagellated
-culture= vaginal disch,preputial
scraping
-mucus agglutination-IgA
-ELISA-IgA

-necrotizing placentitis
-hepatitis
-bronchopneumonia
-isolation of organisms
(placenta,abomasum)
-

Bull= higher dose (2.5x) to prevent dev

of carrier
Treat semen with streptomycin
Vx heifer 1 month before breeding
Cull bull more than 8 yrs as older bulls,
the lining of the sheath develop
folds,which can effectively harbour
organism.

Raking (Acriflavin) douch (to get rid of

the pus)
Put a bolus
Dimetradiazole antiprotozoal 50 mg/kg
5 days oral
AI
Justification trx
Remove old bulls