from editor’s pen ...

C
O
NT
E
NT My Heartiest Greetings to all..!
We embarked and carried on...till the horizon and now beyond
With the satisfaction of what we have achieved and with the

NEWS 01
aspiration to go beyond it ;.we have propelled so far. The year
2010 which marks the First Anniversary of our Departmental
magazine TELEBLITZ..till today, it has been a voyage of
phenomenal learning experiences. It is a tremendous
opportunity for both celebration and look ahead towards a

ZZ
MOBILE ZONE bright future.We appreciate the interest that students have

03 shown in reading the magazine and are overwhelmed by the

number of articles that poured in for this Edition. We pledge to
continue with the same momentum and provide students with
insights into the current happenings of the world of Electronics
GADGETRONICS and Telecommunication.
05 Hard as it is to believe, another decade has come to an end. And
just like every other decade, the end of the 20th century, the
1990s were a time of explosive changes in Electronics
Technology with pulse rating advancements . I used the word
NANO TECHNOLOGY 'explosive' advisedly, for even 'revolutionary' seems too gentle
07 to describe the wonders that nanotechnology has brought. Love
'em or hate 'em, there is no denying that Nanotechnology has
altered the gadgets around us and our society. There is lot to be
seen, much to be learnt and yet more to be discovered.... Going
STORY OF A TINY FROG with the same we have brought you the new, rejuvenating
11 edition of TELEBLITZ with articles peeling off the hidden
mysteries of nanotechnology. Together with that we have
encapsulated the latest informations of the world of electronics
and telecommunications dealing with VLSI & ULSI technology,
AUDIO SPOTLIGHTING 3D integration and many more in this edition. It is not really that

14 easy to bring all the current advances together in a single

edition, yet we have solemnly endeavoured to bring you a few of
them in a lurid style. Great things are not done by impulse, but
by a series of small things brought together. We are proud to
NOKIA ALL AROUND bring to your notice that our college has already taken initiative
17
to set up Nanotechnology Laboratories, Research &
Development Lab, Modelling & Signal Processing Lab and ~1000
m2 lab space with clear room in fields like Nano-Electronics,
Nano-Medicines and Nano-Materials under the administration
BEYOND BASICS of Dr. Shambu K Shastry. We hope for the best. ..This edition is a
24 concoction of technical as well as non-technical flavours.With
GADGEDTRONICS being the usual respite for the tech-savvy
people, we have TECH NEWS as the window to peep into the
present market scenario.You'll find jokes, stories and poems as
YOUR NEXT STEP well;all under the same canopy.
25 We are thankful to our Faculty advisor, HOD, teaching and non-
teaching staff of the department for their immense support in
the shaping of this edition. Also, the exuberant participation of
the editors was commendable. Last but not the least, we wish all
3D VIDEOS IN YOU TUBE our student readers ALL THE BEST for their upcoming exams.
We hope that you'll not only distil knowledge from this edition
27
but enjoy reading too.
Happy Reading!!!
Ankit Murarka
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Now entire library on chip developed by
Indian-American
An Indian-American scientist has developed a
computer chip that can store an unprecedented
amount of data - enough to hold an entire
library.The new chip stems from a breakthrough in
the use of nanodots, or nanoscale magnets, and
represents a significant advance in computer-
memory technology.
More e-waste from developing than developed
nations
Developing countries will
be producing at least twice
as much electronic waste
(e-waste) as developed
countries in the next six to
eight years, says a new
study.It foresees in 2030
developing countries
discarding 400 million to
700 million obsolete
personal computers (PCs) per year as compared to
200 million-300 million in developed countries.
Acer sweats as HP acquires Palm
World's top PC maker HP has taken over Palm to
enter the already crowded smartphone arena.
Seeing this, Acer, world's second ranked PC
vendor has planned to roll out four new
smartphone models to keep its advantage over HP.
No 4G spectrum auction for now: Raja
The government does not have any plans as of now
to auction 4G spectrum, Communications Minister
A. Raja said Thursday."The auction of 3G
spectrum is going on successfully. The question of
the need of 700 MHz (4G) spectrum (for the
public) is being studied. It is not necessary as of
now," Raja said during question hour in the Rajya
Sabha.
Patni Computer evaluating 2-3 companies for
acquisitions
Patni Computer Systems, an Indian software
services firm after signing a definitive agreement
to acquire CHCS Services, now
01 evaluating two to three companies in
Europe and Asia Pacific for acquisitions.
The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Surjeet Singh
told Reuters in an interview that the valuation
expectations from target companies had gone up
because of the current buoyancy in the market
conditions. Patni has almost $500 million in cash,
which would be used to fund any buys.
Bharti ties up with Kuwait's Zain Telecom
India's leading telecom operator Bharti Airtel
announced that it has tied up the whole financing
requirement of $8.3 billion (Rs.37,350 crore) debt
for its planned acquisition of Kuwait-based Zain
Telecom's African unit. Bharti would pay $9
billion (Rs.40,500 crore) to acquire Zain's assets
spread across 15 African countries. It will adopt
$1.7 billion (Rs.7,650 crore) of Zain's debt.
World's tiniest, lightest microscope designed
A miniature lensless microscope, the world's
smallest and lightest - weighing only 46 grams -
was created by an
engineer for
telemedicine
applications.The
microscope builds
on imaging
technology known
as LUCAS (Lensless
Ultra-wide-field
Cell monitoring
Array platform
based on Shadow imaging).
Sony ends the production of outdated floppy disks
Even though you will be surprised to know that floppy
disks were actually still
in production, Sony has
officially confirmed
now that they have stop
producing it. The
floppy disk technology,
which was quite
sensational when it
entered the scene, was soon outdated by CDs and Pen
drives. Sony has been producing floppy drives since
last 41 years and now expects to stop sales of 3.5-inch
disks in Japan as of March 2011.
Indian Telecoms Say China Deals Hung the work of a doctor more
Up convenient. Earlier, the doctor
would go in search of a
India's telecommunication operators on Friday said the
government has been rejecting proposals to purchase
telemedicine room, but the
equipment from China, even though the Department of new technology provided by
Telecommunications says there is no formal ban. Cisco helps the doctor connect
The telecom industry, through the Cellular Operators with patients on a laptop
Association of India trade group, is sending a letter to supported by an internet
the department on the matter, a spokesperson for connection and web camera,"
mobile-phone operator Bharti Airtel Ltd. said. A p o l l o Te l e m e d i c i n e
Foundation president K. Ganapathy said Friday.
3G may alter the face of mobile
advertising and entertainment Gemini Communication acquires
Nine telecom firms African telecom firm
including Bharti
Airtel Ltd and Network integration and telecom services provider
Vodafone Essar Ltd Gemini Communication Friday said it has acquired
are participating in the Africa's Rosy Blue Wireless (RBW) for an undisclosed
government's auction s u m .
of 3G radio spectrum,
which will enable RBW, a telecom and internet services provider, is
video calls and high- present in Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. It is a
s p e e d d a t a majority shareholder, with 60 percent stakes each in
transfer.Mobile value- three joint ventures in these countries.
added service (VAS) The JVs of RBW have been allotted wimax spectrum
providers are preparing to offer cellphone applications licence in the three countries. Gemini is targeting the
entire network rollout for the African firm using the
delivering live news and movies to medical diagnosis
products of its subsidiary.
and tutorials after the release of 3G spectrum, which is
expected to give a boost to the estimated Rs16,250 crore
Yahoo to spend $85 Million in the 2nd
VAS market.
phase of its ad campaign
LG loses patent lawsuit, Apple in trouble As part of an effort to revive its growth and
too reconnect with consumers, Yahoo will spend up
AU Optronics (AUO) has won the patent lawsuit
to $85 million on the second phase of its $100
against LG Display which may hinder the computer and million ad
handheld businesses. The lawsuit may affect LG's campaign. The
HDTV business and also Apple which has inked $500 campaign will
million contract with LG for its screens. focus more on
According to the findings by the District of Delaware its array of
court, LG had violated four AUO's patents relating to online websites
the performance and reliability of LCDs. Taiwan-based devoted to
AUO said that it would seek a permanent ban on fantasy sports
displays that infringe on the patents and thus, and news.
preventing LG from shipping its potentially infringing
HDTVs, monitors, notebooks and even phones to the According to
U.S, plus some other legal tough talk for good measure comScore, a marketing researching company,
since the $100 million spend Yahoo began in
Apollo, Cisco tie up for cost-effective September, It has seen the number of unique
telemedicine visitors to its various sites decline 2.6 percent to
Private healthcare provider Apollo Hospitals has 155.6 million in April and total page views on its
allied with networking company Cisco to provide properties have declined 11.4 percent.
cost-effective telemedicine solutions to patients in Google, Microsoft Corp and Facebook all posted
remote areas . increases in U.S. visitors and page views during
the same period, comScore said. 02
"The latest technology provided by Cisco makes 2
 AST
HA
&A
4TH POORV
MOBILE ZONE SEM A

Windows Phone 7 Series do not support Flash Access), which will be auctioned next month,
Newly launched reports PTI.
Microsoft's
Windows Phone 7 Nokia unveils N8, its new flagship phone
Series won't
support Adobe's Nokia, the cellphone maker unveiled its flagship
Flash multimedia N 8
We b g r a p h i c s smartphon
software, nor will e, after the
it allow users to last high-
perform simple end hit
cut-and-paste p h o n e
procedures on N 9 5 ,
applications and which was
messages. The unveiled in
company said that 2006. N8
it did not feel it will have
worth delaying the a d d e d
l a u n c h o f features
Windows Phone 7 to include features it doesn't like the new Symbian 3 software and it looks like
believe are deal breakers. The company is hoping the Motorola Devour and has a 3.5-inch OLED,
to get Windows Phone 7 devices into the market in capacitive touch screen, a 12 megapixel camera
time for the 2010 holiday season. with Carl Zeiss optics, Xenon flash and a large
According to the various reports, the company is sensor that rivals those found in compact digital
planning to add support for Flash and cut-and- cameras and HD-quality video with Dolby Digital
paste in later updates to the Windows Phone 7 OS. Plus surround
s o u n d b y
Motorola in plugging into
talks with top home theatre
telcos for system.
WiMax deals
F o r t h e
deployment of BlackBerry
W i M a x unveils new
technology that Bold and Pearl
has potential to smartphones
offer data BlackBerry
downloads at maker Research
speed twice as In Motion (RIM) Monday launched another
fast as 3G, smartphone - called BlackBerry Bold 9650 - to
Motorola is in add another device to its premier Bold brand .
talks with top The company also unveiled the new BlackBerry
cellular service Pearl 3G, its smallest smartphone yet.
providers. Whether at work or at play, the new BlackBerry
Telecom firms, including Bharti, Vodafone, Idea, Bold 9650 offers a truly impressive
RCom and the Tatas, along with other new players communications, multimedia and connectivity
have put in applications to acquire experience,'' he said at the launch of the latest
spectrum (air waves) for WiMax smartphones.
03 (known as Broadband Wireless
Motorola Backflip
Motorola introduced its latest Google Android smartphone to
the world, the Motorola Backflip. Scheduled for a global
release at the beginning of Q1 2010, Motorola CEO Sanjay Jha
said the device would be available in Europe, Asia, Latin
America, and North America but would not disclose any
carriers

Motorola launches 'Milestone' in India

U.S.-based telecom equipment maker Motorola has launched
'Milestone', an Android 2.1-powered smartphone which allows use of
multiple applications simultaneously, at a price of Rs.32,990 in the
Indian market. The smart phone boast of one of the world's thinnest
QWERTY sliders and a hi-resolution, pinch and zoom display."

BlackBerry Storm2 comes to India

Research In Motion has announced the launch of BlackBerry Storm2
smartphone with BlackBerry OS 5 in India. The BlackBerry Storm2
smartphone introduces a new SurePress technology based on an electronic
system that provides the user with tactile feedback when the touch-screen is
pressed. Typing on the smartphone's virtual keyboards is easier, more
comfortable and more accurate.
Storm2 has large 3.25" screen and high resolution 360 x 480 display at 184
ppi. Its global connectivity support: UMTS/HSPA (2100Mhz), quad-band
EDGE/GPRS/GSM and Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g) networks. The phone also has
3.2 MP camera with variable zoom, autofocus, flash and video recording. In
terms of memory, it has 256 MB of Flash memory, 2 GB of onboard memory
storage and a microSD/SDHD memory card slot that supports up to 16 GB cards today and is expected to support 32 GB cards
when available.

Alcatel launches One Touch XTRA

Alcatel has just launched their new model One Touch XTRA that will be optimized for social
networking as well as simple browsing. Great thing about this phone is its price so it will be quite
affordable for customers.

Baby mosquito came back after its 1st flying. His dad asked him- How do
you feel? he replied .It was wonderful, everyone was clapping 4 me! 04
That' s Attitude
 MEG
6TH HNA
GADGETRONICS SEM

Sony launches clock radio

Sony unveiled the ICF-C71PJ clock radio, which is unique as it sports a
built-in projector that will throw up the time onto a bedroom wall. Users
can set the projector at different angle according to the wall, and can even
show the time on the ceiling. The ICF-C717PJ also has a built in
thermometer to show room temperature, and has five nature sounds
programmed in to help users relax before going to sleep. Users can also set
the LCD display to one of four brightness settings. Battery backup ensures
users wake up even when there is an overnight power outage. The
company has planned to ship to Europe in April.

Lenovo IdeaPad U1 Hybrid MP3 and portable video players

Lenovo has made an impressive splash at this year's One of the big tech
CES and the main stories of 2009 was
halls haven't even the transition of
opened up yet: its the U.S. broadcast
bold new takes on TV standard from
ultramobile analog (NTSC) to
notebooks the digital (ATSC).
IdeaPad U1 But while ATSC
Hybrid, Skylight, broadcasts offer
and IdeaPad S10- crystal clear high-
3t–have caused a def images, they have at least one drawback: unlike
big stir and bigger analog broadcasts, digital TV is tough to receive if
discussions as to you're on the move.
whether each will perform as well as they look.

iProf launches India's first education tablet

iProf Learning Solutions India has launched iProf, India's first personal education tablet, and iStudy Zones, the first
chain of e-learning centres in A 7 inch touch screen tablet, it
comes bundled with content from premier education institutes
and has been launched at a price of Rs. 14,900 iProf has built in
high quality operating system Android (from Google) and a
Learning Management System installed on it, that provides
students with a highly interactive form of education for
preparation (practise and revision) for competitive exams .
iProf is set to cater to the test-preparation education
segment, the market of which is estimated at about Rs.
10,000 crores iProf is starting with IIT-JEE preparation and
has tied-up with Brilliant Tutorials.

Engineering Study 8 sems,80 GB syllabus,80 MB we study,80 bytes we

05
answer,binary marks we get,dis is knwn as B.tech,(brain technically empty)
 NIDHI
6TH SEM
So..thats it !! Finally that day has arrived which once I
believed will never ever come. But,it did and in the
way far more splendid that what I dreamt of. The red
carpet welcoming me with dazzling colourful lights,
flashy camera clicks on my face, maddening crowd
around…all make me feel like a princess walking
down the podium in a beautiful satin gown which any
girl on earth will kill for.
…Hey, let me introduce the youngest winner ever of
“National singing star hunt 2010”the most covetous
title of today's music world…and its me..Mahi
Sharma.
I have a story to share with you which might not be as
incredible or magical as a fairy tale but it does have a
fairy tale ending and definitely its own spell hidden.
Once upon a time there was young girl.A girl with
chocolates as her ultimate cuisine,who enjoyed
shopping expeditions with her girl gang and gossiped
hours on phone about the neighbours next door.She
was a usual teenager like any other but with an unusual
dream.Every night before hitting the sheets and with
every first ray on her face she promised to herself that
one day she'll be THAT.She aspired to carve her dream
out of her destiny but perhaps destiny had something
else stored for her….
The tragic scenes of the car accident she met with were
hazy now in her memories but the agony that came
with it never faded away.With that what she lost in the
accident,she lost the audacity to face the old world
with the new HER.No matter how hard she tried she
could not be happy.No matter how much
inconspicuous she wanted to be people's
disdain,cynicism and sympathetic look chased
her.Either ways she felt obnoxious and her dream
seemed just a far fetched desire now.But even
today,she remembers that very evening walk on the
beach with her father.That was the first time she came
out of her dark room after the accident but the open
ambience felt more suffocating.The waves at the
horizon always inculcated in her the passion to go
beyond it but today they were just the threatening
tides.The breeze no longer tickled her and the vista of
the melting sun in the sea could not make her dimpled
smile to float on her face.It was then that her father
spoke out,finally breaking the silence.He showed her
the boats tossing over the waves and
asked,”Honey,have you ever wondered that how these
boats would manage to sail across the sea without
risking to step into the bizarre waves?”Befor her mind
could act to answer she was answered back.”They
I CAN AND I WILL…..
can't my child !They have to fight with the waves daily
with courage and a belief that they'll touch back the
shore.There is a plethora of magnificient pearls saved
in therir shells,waiting to be revealed.But do you
really think that every time a diver dives he gets a
handful of them?Ceratainly not!But that doesn't stop
him from diving again and trying with new
hopes.Then why did you stop?”She was quiet.He held
her hand and said.”Losing a battle doesn't implies that
you lost the war.Remember,you haven't lost until you
fight.Failure is giving up.The losers of life are those
who don't know how close they were to their
destination when the gave up.And I kno that my child
has the courage to fight for her due share because she
knows that she can…I know that you can and you will
do it..”……..And so she did it…I did it.My father's
every word imbued with a sense of belief propelled me
through those tides to get me beyond horizon.My
passion added the magic which turned my story into a
fairy tale.Today infront of a million
spectators,holding this trophy in my hand I realized
that I require only one hand to hold it.Though I miss
my left hand even today but what I don't miss
anymore is the real ME.The absence of my hand or the
presence of the burn marks on my half face though
reminds me of the unfortunate trafedy but could not
stop me from living up to my dreams.What I learned is
that theres is nothing like losing or winning..but all
what matthers is how you comprehend your life.I did
the way exactly I wanted with a belief that “I can and
I will”
Jokes:-
Sardar went to bank for
account opening. He took one
form & went to Delhi for filling
up the form.
Do u know why?Because in
the form he saw the
sentence
'WRITE IN CAPITAL'
06
 NANO TECHNOLOGY MA
YYA
6TH SUNIL
GREEN TECHNOLOGY
SEM
THE COVER STORY

Many times we hear the word named Nanotechnology and most of us are clueless about what it is. So here we go with a
very simple and precise explanation of this latest and vastly spread topic.Nanotechnology deals with the study,
development and practical application of structures and devices at molecular scale (between 1 and 100 nanometres, one
nanometre is equivalent to 1 in 10-9 meters). "Nano" is a Greek prefix, which signifies a "billionth" (one billionth of a
meter is the unit of measure in the field of nanotechnology). An atom is smaller than a nanometre, but a molecule can be
larger. The first use of the concepts in 'nano-technology' was in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," a talk given by
physicist Richard Feynman. Feynman described a process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms and
molecules might be developed, using one set of precise tools to build and operate another proportionally smaller set, so
on down to the needed scale. In the course of this, he noted, scaling issues would arise from the changing magnitude of
various physical phenomena: gravity would become less important, surface tension and Vander Waals attraction would
become more important, etc. This basic idea appears plausible, and exponential assembly enhances it with parallelism
to produce a useful quantity of end products.
The term "nanotechnology" was first defined by Norio Taniguchi of the Tokyo Science University in 1974.
Nanotechnology is an emerging branch with vast and diverse area of application. It has wide range of applications such
as nanosensors, carbon nanotubes, micro-electromechanical systems, chemical sensors, nanorobotics etc.
APPLICATIONS
Energy
The most advanced nanotechnology projects related to energy are: storage, conversion, manufacturing improvements
by reducing materials and process rates, energy saving (by better thermal insulation for example), and enhanced
renewable energy sources
Reduction of energy consumption
Nanotechnological approaches like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or quantum caged atoms (QCAs) could lead to a
strong reduction of energy consumption for illumination
Recycling of batteries
The use of batteries with higher energy content or the use of rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors with higher rate of
recharging using nanomaterials could be helpful for the battery disposal problem.
Information and communication
Current high-technology production processes are based on traditional top down strategies, where nanotechnology has
already been introduced silently. The critical length scale of integrated circuits is already at the nanoscale (50 nm and
below) regarding the gate length of transistors in CPUs or DRAM devices
Memory storage
Nantero which has developed a carbon nanotube based crossbar memory called Nano-RAM and Hewlett-Packard
which has proposed the use of memristor material as a future replacement of Flash memory
Displays
The production of displays with low energy consumption could be accomplished using carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Carbon nanotubes are electrically conductive and due to their small diameter of several nanometers
Quantum computers
Entirely new approaches for computing exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for novel quantum computers, which
enable the use of fast quantum algorithms.
Aerospace
Nanotechnology would help to reduce the size of equipment and thereby decrease fuel-consumption required to get it
airborne
Nano-foods
New consumer products Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN), based on an inventory it has drawn up of 609 known or
claimed nano-products.
We are bound to see many nanotechnological applications within the electronic industry in the near
07 future. These will undoubtedly increase the quality of life of our society.
 FUTURE ASPECTS OF RISH
I
4TH RAJ
SEM
NANOTECHNOLOGY

What's on the future?

Nanotechnology may offer new ways of working for electronics. Nanotechnology science is developing new
circuit materials, new processors, new means of storing information and new manners of transferring
information. Nanotechnology can offer greater versatility because of faster data transfer, more “on the go”
processing capabilities and larger data memories.
A new field is emerging in electronics that will be a giant leap in computer and electronics science. It is the
field of quantum computing and quantum technology. Quantum computing is area of scientific knowledge
aimed at developing computer technology based on the principles of quantum theory. In quantum computing
the “qbit” instead of the traditional bit of information is used. Traditionally, a bit can assume two values: 1 and
0. All the computers up-to-date are based on the “bit” principle. However, the new “qbit” is able to process
anything between 0 and 1. This implies that new types of calculations and high processing speeds can be
achieved.
Quantum computers have been more of a research area until now. But recently, the first quantum computer
has been built in the United States, according to a recent paper published on the prestigious scientific journal
Nature Physics. This new computer is said to achieve unseen processing speeds to the tune of a billion times
per second, making this the fastest chip on earth.
We are bound to see many nanotechnological applications within the electronic industry in the near future.
These will undoubtedly increase the quality of life of our society.
A CAREER IN NANOTECHNOLOGY
The scope and application of Nanotechnology is tremendous and mind-boggling. The career opportunities in the fields of
nanoscale science and technology are expanding rapidly, as these fields have increasing impact on many aspects of our daily lives.
The major areas for the development of applications involving Nanotechnology are medical and pharmaceuticals, information
technology, electronics, magnetics and optoelectronics, energy chemicals, advanced materials and textiles.
A professional in the field of Nanotechnology can easily find lucrative career opportunities in various sectors. They can work in the
field of nano-medicine, bio-informatics, stem cell development, pharmaceutical companies, nano toxicology and nano power
generating sectors.
Other work fields includes :
? Health Industry
? Agriculture
? Environment Industry
? Food and Beverages
? Space Research
? Product development and advising
? Academic and Teaching
? R & D in government, universities and private research institutes
? Genetics
? Bio-Technology
? Communication & Media
Considering the importance of research and development (R& D) in this new area, Indian industry has focused on
nanomaterials and many scientific institution have started research and development activities in the field. The CSIR
(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) has set up 38 laboratories, across the country, to carry out research and
development work in this field. Those with Ph.D in Nanotechnology will have vibrant opportunities in the
Research & Development sectors. Some of the companies in India that provides job prospects are Cranes
Software International Limited, Bangalore; Monad Nanotech Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai; Velbionanotech, Bangalore;
Qtech Nanosystems (P) Ltd, Bangalore; Innovations Unified Technology, Mumbai etc. 08
 DIV
YAN
SHU

ANTI HIV NANOROBOTS

6TH RAN
SEM JAN

Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or about the same as:

robots at or close to the microscopic scale of ·0.1 microns
nanometers (10-9 meters). More specifically, ·4 millionths of an inch
nanorobotics refers to the still largely hypothetical ·one twentieth of the length of an E. coli bacterium
·One seventieth of the diameter of a human CD4+ white
nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing
blood cell.
and building nanorobots. Nanorobots (nanobots,
Unlike most bacteria, HIV particles are much too small
nanoids or nanites) would be typically devices ranging
to be seen through an ordinary microscope. However
in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of
they can be seen clearly with an electron microscope.
nanoscale or molecular components. As no artificial
THE LATEST DRUG USED AGAINST HIV:
non-biological nanorobots have yet been created, they
Zidovudine is the latest known drug that is used for
remain a hypothetical concept.
treatment of aids. This drug has an affinity to the HIV
Another definition sometimes used is a robot which
genome (RNA molecule) and they binds to it before
allows precision interactions with nanoscale objects, or
reverse transcriptase starts working and as a result DNA
can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. Following
cannot be synthesized. But any time this drug can lose
this definition even a large apparatus such as an atomic
its efficiency as mutation at the codon no. 67,70 and 215
force microscope can be considered a nanorobotic
will change the conformation which will result in the
instrument when configured to perform
reduction of affinity of Zidovudine towards viral
nanomanipulation. Also, macroscale robots or
genome and as a result RT will start its action and viral
microrobots which can move with nanoscale precision
genome will be replicated and integrate with host
can also be considered nanorobots.
genome.
Nanomachines are largely in the research-and-
TREATMENT OF AIDS BY NANOROBOTS:
development phase, but some primitive molecular
Zidovudine can be used to resist the HIV but the virus
machine has been tested. An example is a sensor having
cannot be destroyed. Destruction of viral genome is
a switch approximately 1.5 nanometers across, capable
possible by using nanorobots. This type of nanorobots
of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample.
will consists of a nanobiosensor developed by
The first useful applications of nanomachines, if such
nanoelectronics engineers, a data converter, and a
are ever built, might be in medical technology, where
container containing high concentration (say 20
they might be used to identify cancer cells and destroy
u/microlitre) of DNase and RNase enzyme.The
them. Another potential application is the detection of
function of the biosensor is to identify a particular
toxic chemicals, and the measurement of their
compound. In this case the biosensor will contain a
concentrations, in the environment. Recently, Rice
particular antibody. The gp41 and gp120 are two unique
University has demonstrated a single molecular car
HIV envelope protein which is found in the cell
which is developed by a chemical process and includes
membrane of the infected cell. The antigen (gp41 and
buckyballs for wheels. It is actuated by controlling the
gp120 protein) and antibody reaction will give the
environmental temperature and by positioning a
proper signal. In case of infected cell only this reaction
scanning tunneling microscope tip.
will take place as those viral proteins are found in the
What is HIV?
cell membrane of the infected cell only. Getting the +ve
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Like
signal the nanorobot will inject its nanotube into the
all viruses, HIV cannot grow or reproduce on its own. In
nucleus of the infected cell and release the DNase as
order to make new copies of itself it must infect the cells
well as RNase enzyme into the cell. The DNase enzyme
of a living organism.
is not sequence specific and as a result it will cleave the
HIV belongs to a special class of viruses called
whole genomic DNA containing the viral genome into
retroviruses. Within this class, HIV is placed in the
single nucleotides. Once the viral genome loses its
subgroup of lent viruses. Other lent viruses include SIV,
sequence it loses its viral effect and after the digestion
FIV, Visna and CAEV, which cause diseases in
of the whole genomic DNA the cell undergoes normal
monkeys, cats, sheep and goats.
programmed cell death called apoptosis. Thus the
09 An HIV particle is around 100-150
infected cell of the diseased body can be destroyed to
9 billionths of a metre in diameter. That's
finish off the viral genome in the body.

DESIGNING OF NANOROBOTS
Nanorobot manufacturing will undoubtedly require
development of breakthrough technologies in
fabrication, computation, sensing and manipulation.
Researching the requirements, anticipated behavior
and performance and design of control strategies will
require simulation tools which will both model
foreseeable nanoscale technologies and in turn
influence the development of the same technologies.
The simulation approach consists of adopting a multi-
scale view of the scenario, which is comprised of:
macro scale physical morphology and physiological
flow patterns and on the nanoscale, the nanorobot fluid
dynamics, orientation and drive mechanisms, sensing
and control. Two simulations are used to achieve the
most faithful modeling of nanorobots behavior in a real
physical context. These simulations (NCD for the
micro level, CFD for the macro level) are described in
the next paragraphs, starting with assumptions made
for the nanorobot simulation.
The nanorobot design is comprised of components
such as molecular sorting rotors and a robot arm
(telescoping manipulator), derived from biological
models. The nanorobot exterior shape consists of a
diamonded material, to which may be attached an
artificial glycocalyx surface that minimizes fibrinogen
(and other blood proteins) adsorption and bioactivity,
ensuring sufficient biocompatibility to avoid immune
system attack. These sensors also detect obstacles
which might require a new trajectory planning. Some
concepts provided from underwater robotics were
applied for nanorobot locomotion. The nanorobot
kinematics can be predicted using state equations,
positional constraints, inverse kinematics and
dynamics, while some individual directional
component performance can be simulated using
control system models of transient and steady-state
response. Plane surfaces and bi-directional propellers
provide navigation, while two simultaneously counter-
rotating screw drives provide the propulsion, enabling
motion with six degrees of freedom. The nanorobots
may use a macro transponder navigational system for
their positioning, which will allow high positional
accuracy, independent of nanorobot orientation. Such a
system could involve externally generated signals from
beacons placed at fixed positions outside the skin. The
nanorobots satisfy their energy requirements via the
chemical reaction of oxygen and glucose, both of
which are plentiful in the human body.
HAR
SH T
4TH EWAR
SEM II
Nanorobot Control Design (NCD) simulator is
developed and used for the 3D investigation of stenos
left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, in
which we optimize the activating trigger for medical
nanorobots. This trigger will turn the nanomachine
“on”, switching it from “seek mode” to “repair mode”.
It may also cause other close nanorobots switch to a
“higher awareness mode”. Having the previous
knowledge about the general localization of the steno
sis (in large, small or micro vessels), the appropriate
nanorobot type can be injected, which is pre-
programmed to be activated only at the pre-specified
target region.The NCD simulator consists of several
modules that simulate the physical conditions, run the
nanorobot control programs determining their actions,
and provide a visual display of the environment in 3D,
and record the history of nanorobot behaviours for later
analysis. The NCD simulation enables the nanorobot
control programs to be tested using various strategies,
e.g. based on neural network control, motion with low
energy consumption, or any different predefined
motion strategy. The virtual environment in the NCD
simulator is inhabited by plasma, red blood cells,
nanorobots, different molecules whose concentrations
are being monitored, and the blood vessel.
The parameters generated from the CFD simulation,
namely velocities, temperature, signalling function
values, pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble
adhesion molecules concentrations, are transferred to
the NCD simulator to serve as the nanorobots operating
environment. As the nanorobot should perform a pre-
defined task in a specific target area, the trigger must be
activated when the nanorobot is as close as possible to
the target. Taking advantage of the fact that the
nanorobots flow mostly in a near-wall region, where
the blood flow velocity profile dictates significantly
result in lower demand of energy. Optimization of
control algorithms and activating triggers is the key for
rapid behaviour response in minimal energy cost.
Thus, approaches for trigger strategies include
analyzing time-gradients of the former mentioned
nanorobot measurable parameters, as they change
during nanorobot locomotion, and particularly in the
neighbourhood of a lesion. By running the nanorobots
control programs optimal trigger values can be
determined.
10
 an what
SALIL You are more th
4TH SEM you can do

It was always a busy day for Jack, all the call traffic really wore him down to the core. But today was different; he was more
scared than worn out. The recent recession in the market had caused more of a turbulent situation in the company and a direct
result was the fall in call traffic, which clearly spelt trouble. He wondered if the news was really true, was the company going to
reduce its liabilities by cutting on jobs. He wondered how many days he would last, then just a week later his worst fears had
been realized, he had been rendered unemployed along with a few hundred people. He could not imagine life thereon, he was
in shock. He had some money in the share market and that kept the family going. He tried at many places but in vain. He grew
more and more frustrated by the day on not being able to find a job.
Then came a day when he gave up all hope and just prayed for the nightmare to be over but it was not a dream, it was the
truth…
The money he had in the shares proved quite insufficient to keep up the family expenses and he wondered when God would
help him pull through. Then one day his little girl asked him for an ice cream, but he had no money. He could not imagine that he
had let such a situation arise in his life; it was as if the last nail in his coffin, he decided to fight against fate and get his dignity
back. That night he lay in his bed, wide awake, thinking of ways to get out of this mess. He went back in his head and saw himself
as a good student in college and a very good programmer indeed.

One who had been suspended twice for hacking into the mainframe computer of his college...!
There it was, he realized he had lost his focus and there he was back to his books. A week later he came up with a brilliant
program to prevent the hacking menace. He then went to one o the leading software companies and marketed his product. He
received an over whelming response and overnight he was the software security advisor of a leading firm.
He then realized that God only helps those who help themselves. He bought a new bungalow very soon, bought a car and lived
happily afterwards.

KAVI frog”
tiny
4TH SEM “A story of a

Once upon a time there was a bunch of tiny frogs, who arranged a running competition. The goal was to
reach the top of a very high tower. A big crowd had gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer on
the contestants.
The race began. Honestly, no one in the crowd really believed that the tiny frogs would reach the top of the
tower.
You could hear statements such as: “Oh, WAY too difficult!!” “They will NEVER make it to the top. “ “Not
a chance that they will succeed. The tower is too high!”
The tiny frog s began collapsing one by one, except for those, who in a fresh tempo, were climbing higher
and higher. The crowd continued to yell, “It is too difficult!!! No one will make it!” More tiny frogs got
tired and gave up. But ONE continued higher and higher and higher. This one wouldn't give up!
At the end everyone else had given up climbing the tower. Except for the one tiny frog who, after a big
effort, was the only one who reached the top! Then all of the other tiny frogs naturally wanted to know how
this one frog managed to do it? A contestant asked the tiny frog how he had found the strength to succeed
and reach the goal? It turned out that the winner was DEAF!!!!
The wisdom of this story is:
Never listen to other people's tendencies to be negative or pessimistic, because they take your most
wonderful dreams and wishes away from you—the ones you have in your heart!
Always think of the power words have because everything you hear, speak and read will influence your
actions!
Therefore: ALWAYS be POSITIVE! And above all, Be DEAF when people tell YOU that you cannot
fulfill your dreams! Always have a 'Can-Do' attitude!

11
 RAVI ON E E T IQU ETTE T IPS
6TH SEM TELEPH

Many things have changed over the years, especially in the evolving world of business. One thing has not changed
though, and that is the need for proper telephone etiquette in the work place. Along with company downsizings
and layoffs has come a necessity for companies to merge jobs together in order to eliminate human resources and
save money. While that may be necessary, it is not necessary that the common element of etiquette, especially
telephone etiquette, be left to suffer. Since customers are the ones who infuse the profits into a business, they do
not appreciate being treated with rudeness in their dealings with a company. This includes any business that is
conducted on the telephone.
Proper telephone technique involves some basic common sense in which everyone who works for a company
should use. Here are some basic tips:
Incoming Calls: Tip 1- All incoming calls should be answered in a timely manner.
Tip 2- Business telephones should always be answered with a phrase like, "Good morning, ABC Company, Carol
speaking, may I help you?" In a busy office setting that fields hundreds of calls each day, this particular phrase may
be too much to say. If so, it can be shortened to a phrase that is less wordy. But the name of the company needs to
be stated as soon as the phone is answered along with the person's name who answered the phone. This lets the
caller know that they have indeed reached the right business, and lets them know with whom they are speaking.
Tip 3- Never put a caller on hold, but if you have to, be sure to check back with them every minute or so and ask if
they would like to continue to hold. This lets them know that they have not been forgotten, and that you are
attending to their call.
Tip 4- Speak clearly and slowly when you answer a business telephone. Do not slur or mumble your words. Speak
with confidence so the person on the other end has the feeling that you know what you are doing.
Tip 5- Never be rude to a caller, no matter how nasty they are. Always remember to handle yourself in a
professional, business-like manner. This includes handling the situation in a calm, cool manner.
Outgoing Calls: Tip 1- Same as Tip 4 above--Speak clearly and slowly when you make a business call. Time may be
money, but if the other party cannot understand what you are saying, then you might as well have saved your
breath and not made the call at all.
Tip 2- Same as Tip 5 above--All customers expect to work with a professional organization. One sign of a
professional organization is how they are treated by the people who work there.
Tip 3- When calling another business, it is proper etiquette to give your name and the company's name you work
for to whomever answers the telephone. Do not make them guess who it is or make them pry it out of you.
Tip 4- If you get the wrong number, apologize to the person who answers the phone--do not just hang up. This is
especially important nowadays when people have Caller ID on their phone lines. All they have to do is to check
their device to find out who just rudely hung up on them.
Tip 5- When leaving a phone message
Basic Good Manners, Telephone Tips:
* Let the telephone ring a reasonable length of time. It is frustrating to just get to the telephone and hear a
dial tone.
* If you dial a number that is wrong, apologize, promptly and hang-up.
* Calling a business at or very near closing time is to say the least un-thoughtful. When it is time to go
home, after a long day, do not delay them.
* State your name when placing a call. The game of "guess who this is" may not play very well to a busy
friend.
* When speaking to anyone who is working and time is of the essence, make your call informative and
short. 12
 ABH
ISHE
4TH K KEDI
INTRODUCTION TO VLSI TECHNOLOGY SEM A

As the name implies, VLSI systems involve the integration of various component systems. The VLSI technology
involves 10s of millions of CMOS transistors in microns on a silicon wafer of a few cm dimensions. The materials that
belong to 3rd and 5th group of periodic table find their prominent place in the VLSI chips are GaP, GaSB, InAs, and InP.
The other wafers used are quartz wafer, Pyrex wafer, apires silicon nitride wafers, germanium wafers, silicon GaAS,
fused silica and float zone silica. The technologies associated with VLSI systems, includes VLSI processors,
semiconductor technology, micromachining, microelectronics packaging, compound semiconductor digital IC's, and
multichip modules.
Different materials are replacing the conventional silicon wafers and aluminium metal interconnects to achieve more
density per chip to cope up with the miniaturization in the technology and it is believed that there might be a dead end to
the CMOS technology in future if we try to keep on going with this trend. Here we bring out the nanotechnology in
silicon world which invariably means shrinking geometry of CMOS devices to nano scale. Silicon wafers have been
replaced with the silicon-on-insulator and low k-dielectric cost of chip masks and next generation plants totally
replacing today's foundries and copper interconnects leading to the production of CMOS process with effective line
widths of less than 120nm. In spite of advances in this industry, a threat to economic issues holds as the continuing
scaling of silicon transistors brings about a new, exciting era of nano-scale technology to silicon foundries.
Chemically assembled electronic nanotechnology (CAEN) devices, a form of electronic nanotechnology (N) are a
promising alternative to CMOS-based devices particularly CMOS based reconfigurable devices. A few companies like
IBM and INTEL have launched a few chips using 65nm technology. At this stage, many of the device characteristics are
no longer a straightforward extension of past generation. Scaling is beyond simple shrinking of 3D physical dimensions
of devices and it involves the changing or straining of the
atomic spacing to alter the silicon electronic properties for
better performance. The research .the somewhat halts here to
look forward to a new world of nanotechnology to replace
silicon and metallic interconnects with carbon nano devices and
carbon nanotubes.
Stochastically assembled nanoscale architectures have the
potential to achieve device densities 100 times greater than
today's CMOS. A key challenge facing nanotechnologies is
controlling parallel sets of nanowires, such as those in
crossbars, using a moderate number mesoscale wires. There are
three ways to do this.
1.The first is based on NW (nanowires) differentiation during
manufacture.
2.The second makes random connection between NW's and
mesoscale wires.
3.The third, a mask-based approach, interposes high-k between dielectric region between NW's and mesoscale wires. It
shows that when compared to other two schemes, a large number of mesoscale wires are necessary for its realization. It
is also required to study on the carrier transport theory to understand the electron conduction behaviour in transistors
smaller than 20-nm.
In nano-scale transistors, the number of atoms in the active region is finite; the nature of random distribution of atoms in
the active region causes fluctuation in device property and detoriates the design margins for integration. The success of
producing such nano-scale devices in an ever increasing integration level on a bigger size wafer and at lower defect
density is the quiet side of the nano-electronics evolution. A seemly antiquated, 40-years old, silicon technology is now
threatened. This may be replaced by chemically engineered nano devices with all together different concepts leading to
dramatic size reduction. This further may lead to reinvestment in nano-foundries to the
challenges laid. The article reveals that present scaling of the CMOS technology to nano dimensions
will have to limit at some point and make further scaling may be impossible while retaining all the
13 electrical characteristics of the device.
 ABH
ISHE
4TH K KEDI
AUDIO SPOTLIGHTING SEM A

Directional audio is a revolutionary new concept in frequency of 20Hz to 20 KHz. Therefore the audible
sound reproduction, that allows focusing of sound sound is mixture of signals with varying wavelength
anywhere it is needed and no place else. Imagine you between 2cm to 17m. Except for very low wavelength,
could point the same way you can point light with, say, just about the entire audible spectrum tends to spread
a flash light. Suppose speakers existed that could send out at 360 degrees. A large loudspeaker will focus
focused beams of sound where ever they pointed. You sound over a smaller area. If the source loudspeaker
could speak in to a megaphone and send the sound to a can be made several times bigger than the wavelength
single person. Or you could have five types of music of the sound transmitted, then a finely focused beam
playing on the same dance floor. You wouldn't have to can be created. The following are a brief list of
worry about turning the music down at night to keep the applications made possible by audio spotlighting:-
neighbors happy, so long as you didn't point it in their personalized messaging, discreet announcements,
direction. Thanks to recent advancement in audio audio/video conferencing, targeted advertising, home
engineering, the kinds of products may theater, realistic movies, paging
soon be a reality. Researchers have Audio spotlighting is a system, ventriloquist systems, ship to
discovered a way to project acoustic ship communication, shipboard
waves as thin beam of sound: step into
technology that creates announcement, military applications
the beam and projected sound fills focused beams of sound etc.
your ears. similar to the light beam Directional audio or the hypersonic
It uses a combination of non-linear coming out of a flashlight. sound technology is simply the most
acoustics and some complex revolutionary sound reproduction
mathematics in order to focus sound s y s t e m o f t h i s c e n t u r y. T h e
into a coherent and highly directional beam. The opportunities for applying this characteristic to the
audible portion of sound tends to spread out in all reproduction of sound are limitless. We will be able to
directions from the point of origin. The beam angle of reproduce sound just the way we experience it in the
audible sound is very wide, just about 360 degrees. real world. Over the next few years, the way we
This means the sound that you hear will be propagated experience sound is going to change dramatically. It is
through air equally, a true technological paradigm shift. These are just a
in all directions, which is why you don't need to be right few of the virtually limitless number of potential
in front of a radio to hear the music. In order to focus applications. Within the next 3to 5 years sound beam
sound into a narrow beam the requirement is: a low technology should begin to find its way many deferent
beam angle and large aperture size. The smaller the areas of our everyday lives. We should also begin those
wavelength, the lesser the beam angle and hence more new many applications in number of different areas.
focused the sound. The human hearing ranges from a

scratch your mind

1) At this moment everyone in the world is doing the same thing. What is it?
2) What is the difference between a fisherman and a lazy student?
3) What is the difference between a jeweller and a jailer?
4) What is the difference between a locomotive engineer and a teacher?
5) What nail doesn't a carpenter like to hit?
6) What person tries to make you smile most of the time? (Thanks giving).
7.Fangsgi ving
7) What holiday does Dracula celebrate in November?
2.One baits his hook, the other hates his book. Answer:- 1.Getting older.
5.His fingernail
the other hates his book. other trains the mind. 14
3.One baits his hook, 4.One minds the train, the 6.A photographer
 DIV
YAN
6TH SHU SH
3D INTEGERATION SEM AH

Performance and productivity has been increasing their level of interconnect hierarchy at the global
continuously over more than four decades due to the (package), intermediate (bond pad) and local
enormous advances in lithography and device (transistor) level. While schemes at the global level
technology. However, today it has become have been in production for some time using traditional
questionable if this so-called “More Moore”
methods of interconnect such as wire bond and flip
development alone will overcome the predicted
performance and cost problems of future ICs. Moore's chip, the next-generation of 3D integration proposes to
law will encounter the “red brick wall” somewhere in incorporate through-silicon via (TSV) technology as
the 32 - 22 nm nodes. On one hand there are simply cost the primary method ofinterconnect.
concerns e.g. related to extreme UV lithography. On the 3D chip integration research at IBM
other hand, one of the fundamental issues of advanced IBM's Zurich research team and its partners are talking
devices is RC delay caused by the on-chip wiring. This about progress on 3D integration as a path for
objective leads to a major challenge for future IC
continuing the Moore's law growth of transistors. The
fabrication requiring e.g. implementation of ultra low-k
dielectrics for multilevel metallization. argument is that they won't be able to stay on the
3D integration is a key solution to the predicted Moore's law density curve for another 15 years by
performance problems of future ICs as well as it offers virtue of diminishing feature size alone thus the
extreme miniaturization and cost-effective fabrication research in new packaging and cooling technologies.
of More than Moore products (e.g. e- IBM, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
CUBES®).Through Silicon Via (TSV) technologies (EPFL) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
enable high interconnect performance at relatively high Zurich (ETH) signed a four-year collaborative project
fabrication cost compared to 3D packaging. called CMOSAIC to understand how the latest chip
3D Integration is a promising technology for extending cooling techniques can support a 3D chip architecture.
Moore's momentum in the next decennium, offering Unlike current processors, the CMOSAIC project
higher transistor density, faster interconnects, considers a 3D stack-architecture of multiple cores
heterogeneous technology integration, and potentially with a interconnect density from 100 to 10,000
lower cost and time-to-market. But before 3D chips can connections per millimeter square. Researchers believe
be produced, new capabilities are needed: process that these tiny connections and the use of hair-thin,
technology, architectures, design methods and tools, liquid cooling microchannels measuring only 50
and manufacturing test solutions. microns in diameter between the active chips are the
WHAT IS 3 D INTEGRATION:- missing links to achieving high-performance
3D integration is generally defined as fabrication of computing with future 3D chip stacks.
stacked and vertically interconnected device layers.
The large spectrum of 3D integration technologies can
be reasonably classified mainly in three categories:
1. Stacking of packages (or substrates)
2. Die stacking (without TSVs)
3. TSV technology
In more than two decades, great research efforts were
made in the area of 3D integration, starting in the
1980´s by e.g. IBM, NEC, Siemens and Fraunhofer.
Since the early 90's Fraunhofer Munich has worked on
stacking technologies using vertical inter-chip vias -
ICVs (today´s common term: through silicon vias -
TSVs), focusing on 3D integration concepts which take
advantage of wafer level processing to achieve the
highest miniaturization degree, excellent
electrical performance and enable high
15 volume cost-effective fabrication.
3D integration schemes can be classified by

COMPARISION BETWEEN PROCESSORS
Core i3 5xx Series
The Core i3 500 series products are the most basic
among the new processors offered by Intel. They are
based off the 32nm Clarkdale design, which includes a
graphics processor on the same die as the
microprocessor.The Core i3 500 series products are dual
cores and they do have hyper-threading and support
virtualization, but they do not have Turbo Boost. The
performance of the Core i3 500 series products is
roughly on par with the performance of the lower end
Core 2 Quad products like the Q6600.All Core i3 500
series products use the LGA1156 socket and will fit into
any motherboard with that socket. Some older P55
motherboards might require a BIOS flash. Also, the on-
die graphics processor will not work with P55
F
U
TU
RI
S
TI
CG
IZ
M
OS
motherboards, which don't have integrated graphics. A
graphics card would be required for a P55-i3/500
configuration.
Core i5 6xx Series
Slotted in as the least powerful Core i5 processor, the
Core i5 600 series products are 32nm processors based
off the Clarkdale design, which includes an on-die
graphics processor.The Core i5 600 series products are
dual cores which have hyperthreading, Turbo Boost,
virtualization, and the AES instruction set. The
performance of the Core i5 600 series processors is
roughly on par with mid-range Core 2 Quads and high-
end Phenom II processors.All Core i5 600 series
products use the LGA1156 socket and will fit into any
motherboard with that socket. Some older P55
motherboards might require a BIOS flash. Also, the on-
die graphics processor will not work with P55 based
motherboards.
Core i5 7xx Series
The first variant of the Core i5 brand to be introduced,
the Core i5 700 series products are manufactured at
45nm and use the Lynnfield design.The Core i5 700
series processors are quad core processors. They do not
have hyperthreading but they do have Turbo Boost and
they do support virtualization. Their performance is
roughly on par or somewhat better than high end Core 2
Quad and Phenom II processors.While the Core i5 700
series processors are LGA1156 processors and will fit
into any motherboard with that socket, it should be
remembered that these processors have no integrated
graphics processor.If they are placed into a motherboard
without integrated graphics, like the Intel H55 and H57
motherboards, a video card will be needed to display
SON
AM
4TH SHUKL
SEM A
video.
Core i7 8xx Series
Something of an upgrade over the Core i5 700 series, the
i7 800 series processors are built on a 45nm process
using the Lynnfield design. The Core i7 800 series
processors are quad cores which include hyper-
threading, Turbo Boost, and virtualization. The
performance of these processors is among the best of
any processor made by Intel or AMD.They are socket
LGA1156 processors and will fit into any LGA1156
motherboard, but they don't have an integrated graphics
processor. This means that a video card will be needed if
used with motherboards that don't have integrated
graphics.
Core i7 9xx Series
The top of the Intel Core line, the Core i7 9xx series
products are actually based off the Bloomfield design,
which was the first Core i7 design and is made on a
45nm manufacturing process.The Core i7 900 series
processors are quad cores which include hyper-
threading, Turbo Boost, and virtualization. Intel also
makes an Extreme Edition line of processor in the 900
series. These are the fastest processors Intel has
available and they include an unlocked multiplier which
allows for easier overclocking.All Core i7 900 series
processors use the LGA1366 socket. This is only found
on motherboards using the X58 chipset. s as they are
much more efficient.
BUYING ADVICE
It is generally accepted that the Core i5 750 remains the
best overall value out of all the processors in the Core
lineup. The Core i5 750 offers performance which is
surprisingly close to the Core i7 processors in most
situations. The Core i3 and Core i5 600 series products
are not slow, but because the price gap is so small it
usually makes sense to go for the Core i5 750.
In fact, Intel's Core i3 processors are up against stiff
competition from not only Intel's faster processors but
also from AMD's budget quad cores, which offer similar
or better performance at a slightly lower price. The wild
card, however, is energy consumption. If you're
concerned about how much energy your computer uses
you'll prefer the Core i3 processor
SONAM
16
 i k e phoenix
Bo r n l
Finally it's a new morning, a new day,
…..a bright new dawn!!
And all those creepy darkness, gloomy
silence,
..rolling tears have gone!!
The agonies of life made me to reveal
the ecstasies I should look for,
no longer I discern my aim, target well set;
no more hem and haw!!
The ups and downs of the path have shown
me
the zenith where I have to be
and a new world totally untouched;
unexplored;
is stretched out infront of me!
Though I have crossed just one milestone
And hundreds of them still in my way;
But surely my endurance will make
these sheer heights to surrender one day!
the wonderful colours of triumph are
floating all around in the sky;
asking me to look up with desirous eyes;
catch them and jump high!
As if somebody has given me wings to fly
And an endless sky up there;
now I am all prepared to turn all stones
upside down; and get my due share!
Now;somewhere around the corners of my
lips;
there is the beginning of a smile;
and some new rhythms jingling in life;
where there was a lull for a while!
But the paradox of my fate often turns
things to ashes;whenever any zeal passes
through;
but I'll born again from the same ashes
like phoenix
and will make my dreams come true!!!
- -Nidhi
17
17
13
UND
A L L ARO
NOK IA
1) The ringtone "Nokia tune" is actually based on a 19th
century guitar work named "Gran Vals" by Spanish
musician Francisco Tárrega. The Nokia Tune was
originally named "Grande Valse" on Nokia phones but was
changed to "Nokia Tune" around 1998 when it became so
well known that people referred to it as the "Nokia Tune."
2) The world's first commercial GSM call was made in
1991 in Helsinki over a Nokia-supplied network, by Prime
Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a Nokia phone.
3) Nokia is currently the world's largest digital camera
manufacturer, as the sales of its camera-equipped mobile
phones have exceeded those of any conventional camera
manufacturer.
4) The "Special" tone available to users of Nokia phones
when receiving SMS (text messages) is actually Morse
code for "SMS". Similarly, the "Ascending" SMS tone is
Morse code for "Connecting People," Nokia's slogan. The
"Standard" SMS tone is Morse code for "M" (Message).
5) The Nokia corporate font (typeface) is the
AgfaMonotype Nokia Sans font, originally designed by Eric
Spiekermann. Its mobile phone User's Guides Nokia
mostly used the Agfa Rotis Sans font.
6) In Asia, the digit 4 never appears in any Nokia handset
model number, because 4 is considered unlucky in many
parts of Southeast/East Asia.
7) Nokia was listed as the 20th most admirable company
worldwide in Fortune's list of 2006 (1st in network
communications, 4th non-US company).
8. Unlike other modern day handsets, Nokia phones do
not automatically start the call timer when the call is
connected, but start it when the call is initiated. (Except for
Series 60 based handsets like the Nokia 6600)
9) Nokia is sometimes called aikon (Nokia backwards) by
non-Nokia mobile phone users and by mobile software
developers, because "aikon" is used in various SDK
software packages, including Nokia's own Symbian S60
SDK.
10) The name of the town of Nokia originated from the
river which flowed through the town. The river itself,
Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word
originally meaning sable, later pine marten. A species of
this small, black-furred predatory animal was once found
in the region, but it is now extinct.
--Sushmit Bhattacharjee
 Patri Sai OUT
FUN FACTS AB E
N
Kireet THE TELEPHO

? Alexander Graham Bell originally wanted the greeting for the telephone to be "Ahoy"
but Thomas Edison voted for "Hello," a word he coined in 1877.
? The original name of the telephone was the harmonic telegraph.
? It took a year to connect the first line from New York to San Francisco. 14,000 miles of
copper wire and 130,000 telephone poles were needed to make the link.
? The annual revenue for the telephone industry is $350 billion, almost 10 times that of
television and 23 times the revenue of radio.
? Cellular phone service has accounted for a third of the telephone industry's growth for
the last four years.
? Globally, about $2 trillion is spent annually on telecommunications products and services.
? One million threads of fiber optic cable can fit in a tube of 1/2"diameter.
? The telephone is the most used piece of communication equipment in the world.
? The busiest organization in the world is the Pentagon, which has 34,500 lines and gets 1
million calls a day. It received over 1.5 million phone calls on The 50th Anniversary of D-
Day.
? Sweden is the country with the greatest penetration of telephones. It has 229 phones
for every 1,000 people.
? The longest phone cable is a submarine cable called FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the
Globe). It spans 16,800 miles from Japan to the United Kingdom and can carry 600,000
calls at a time.

You might be a college

student if . . .
If you have ever price shopped for Top Ramen, you
might be a college student.
If you live in a house with three couches, none of
which match.
If you consider Mac and Cheese a balanced meal.
If you have ever seen two consectutive sunrises
without sleeping.
If your social life consists of a date with the library
If you wear the same jeans 13 days in a row --
without washing them
If you wake up 10 minutes before class
If you get more e-mail than mail 18
13
18

METAL DETECTORS
Metal detectors
A metal detector is a specially designed device that can
detect metals lying deep in the ground or water. Since its
invention, the device has found a wide range of
applications in the human society. Most commonly, they
are used for security screening and for locating mines.
However, occasionally you can find many people using
electronic metal detectors for treasure hunting and coin
shooting as well.
Working
Metal detectors generally work on the basic principle that,
electric current when passes through a coil produces a
magnetic field around it. Metal detectors usually consist of
an oscillator, which produces alternating current. When
alternating electric current passes through the transmit coil
present in the metal detector, a magnetic field is produced
around it. Now, if an electrically conductive metallic object
is present near the coil, then eddy currents will be
generated in the object, which will produce another
magnetic field around it. Metal detectors contain another
coil in its loop, called receiver coil, which can detect the
changes in the magnetic field, due to the presence of the
metal or the metallic object. The modern day metal
detectors usually use one of the three technologies, which
are known as VLF or very low frequency, PI or pulse
induction and BFO or beat-frequency oscillation.
Very Low Frequency (VLF) Technology
VLF is the most commonly used technology in metal
detectors. Metal detectors working on this technology
contain two sets of coil, transmitter coil and receiver coil.
Transmitter coil is the coil along which electricity is sent to
create a magnetic field, that constantly pushes down into
the ground and then pulls back. The magnetic field
generated in the metal detectors interact with any metallic
or conductive object that comes in its way. If any such
object is encountered, then eddy currents and subsequently
a magnetic field is created around the conductive object.
The receiver coil on the other hand is shielded from any
influence of the magnetic filed produced by the transmitter
coil, so that it is affected only by the magnetic field of the
conductive or metallic object. Electric current runs through
this receiver coil, whenever the metal detector passes over
a conductive object that is producing a weak magnetic
field. The coil in turn amplifies and sends the frequency of
the current (which is same with the frequency of the
magnetic field generated by the metal) to the control box
for analysis. In this way, metal detectors working on a very
low frequency technology can detect metals and determine
Written outside a temple: Q: Why should we
believe in GOD? A: Because there are still
19 some questions which cannot be answered by
13
19 18 GOOGLE.
SAU
RAB
4TH H PAND
SEM EY
the difference between different types of metals and the
depth at which they are located.
Pulse Induction (PI) Technology
Pulse induction technology can use a single coil, which can
be used both as the transmitter and receiver. Sometimes, it
can also use two to three coils. The metal detectors
working on this technology send short bursts or pulses of
current through the coils, each of which generate a short
magnetic field. At the end of each pulse, the magnetic field
generated reverses its polarity suddenly and then collapses.
This creates electrical spikes, that can last for a very brief
period. As the spikes and the pulse's magnetic field
collapse, another current, known as reflected pulse runs
through the coil. The reflected pulse lasts for an extremely
short period.
But, when the metal detector encounters a metallic or
conductive object, the reflective pulse lasts for a longer
time period. This is because, the pulse sent by the metal
detector produces an opposite magnetic field in the object
and this magnetic field causes the reflective pulse to last
longer. The metal detectors contain a sampling circuit that
closely monitors the spikes and the reflected pulses and
sends these signals to the device, called integrator. The
integrator reads, amplifies and then converts the signals to
direct current. The audio circuit connected with the direct
current's voltage produces a tone, which indicates the
presence of a metal or metallic object.
Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO) Technology
Like very low frequency technology, beat frequency
oscillator uses two coils of wire. One coil is present in the
control box of the device, while the other is located in the
search head. The coil which is in the control box is usually
smaller than the one present in the search head. Both the
coils however, remain connected to the oscillators that
sends out thousands of electric pulses in a single second.
Radio waves are created when pulses pass through each
coil of wire, which are then collected by a receiver located
within the control box.
The receiver then creates audible tones on the basis of the
frequency of the radio waves. But, when the metal detector
pass over metals or metallic objects, the electric current
running through the coil of the search head creates a
magnetic field, which in turn creates another magnetic
filed around the metallic objects. The magnetic field
created around the metallic objects interferes with the radio
waves created by the coil in the search head. This brings
about a change in the tones produced by the receiver and
the change helps to detect the targeted object.

MOLECULAR
ELECTRONIC
DEVICES
Nanoelectronics
Nanoelectronics encompasses nanoscale circuits and devices
including (but not limited to) ultra-scaled FETs, spin devices, super
lattice arrays, quantum coherent devices, molecular electronic
devices, and carbon nanotubes.
Over the past four decades, electronic components have grown
more powerful as the transistor, has shrunk in dimensions by
several factors. However, the laws of quantum mechanics, and the
limitations of materials and fabrication techniques are making it
very difficult for further reduction in the minimum size of today's
semiconductor transistors. Researchers have projected that as the
overall size of the bulk-effect, semiconductor transistor is
aggressively miniaturized to approximately 0.1 micron (i.e., 100
nanometers) and beyond the devices may no longer function as
well.
Thus, in order to continue the miniaturization of integrated
circuits well into the next century, it is likely that present day,
micron-scale microelectronic device designs will be replaced with
new designs for devices that take advantage of the quantum
mechanical effects that dominate on the much smaller, nanometer
scale. (Note that 1 nanometer, abbreviated nm, is one billionth of a
meter or 10 atomic diameters.)
The nanoelectronic devices are subdivides into two broad areas, as
follows:
o Solid-state quantum-effect nanoelectronic devices
o Molecular electronic devices
Solid-state quantum-effect nanoelectronic devices
Solid-state quantum-effect nanoelectronic devices are used to
continually increase the density and speed of information
processing. This technology, which changes the operating
principles, but not the fabrication medium for integrated circuits,
might extend Moore's Law of electronics miniaturization to
produce devices down to a few tens of nanometers. Present-day
field effect transistors (FETs) on commercial integrated circuits
are approximately 1 micron or 1000 nm across, and it is believed
that bulk-effect FETs will cease to function effectively when their
gate lengths dip below 25 nm, which corresponds to an overall
device length of approximately 100 nm.On the other hand,
quantum-effect switching devices tend to function better when
they are made smaller. Solid state quantum-effect nanoelectronic
devices might be made as small as approximately 12 to 25
nanometers across and still expected function effectively.
A number of solid-state nanoelectronic switching devices have
reportedly been fabricated, and prototype solid-state
nanoelectronic processors are demonstrated. As a result of
nanometric scale, significant reduction could result in ultra-fast,
low power integrated circuits with billions of transistors on a
VIK
8TH AS
SEM
single CPU chip, and Terabyte memories on a chip.
Such advances would require, reliable fabrication of devices and
circuits with only 5 to 10 nanometers wide. This is about 10-20
smaller than that achievable using UV lithography.
Molecular electronic devices
Molecular electronics, using individual covalently bonded
molecules to act as wires and switching devices, is expected to
bring the Moore's Law down to nanometer scale. Individual
molecular switching devices could be as small as a few
nanometers. This decrease in size could result in Terabyte
memories on a chip and in excess of one trillion switching-devices
on a single CPU chip. A primary advantage of molecular
electronics is that molecules are natural nanometer-scale
structures that can be made absolutely identical in vast quantities.
Also, synthetic organic chemistry offers more options for
designing and fabricating these intrinsically nanometer-scale
devices than the technology presently available for producing
solid-state chips with nanometerscale features.
Molecular wires
The subject of molecular wires is of primary significance, even in
an overview of nanoelectronics switching devices. Molecular
wires are used to demonstrate conductance in a single molecule.
Quantum-effect Molecular
electronic devices
Using molecular structures for quantum confinement might make
it possible to manufacture fast, quantum-effect switching devices
on a large scale more uniformly and cheaply than has thus far been
feasible with solid semiconductors.
Electromechanical Molecular
electronic devices
Electromechanical molecular switching devices are not so closely
analogous to microelectronic transistors as are the molecular
devices. Deforming or re-orienting molecular structures is the
underlying principle in of an Electromechanical molecular
electronic. An Electromechanical molecular switch does not use
electron charges like microelectronic switch. The input is also
normally mechnical. However, just like all those other switches,
they can turn on or off a current between two wires, which makes
them interesting for nano computing.
20
13
18
20

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM
COMPUTING
The idea of a computational device based on quantum
mechanics was explored already in the 1970s by
physicists and computer scientists. As early as 1969
Steven Wiesner suggested quantum information
processing as a possible way to better accomplish
cryptologic tasks. But the first four published papers on
quantum information (Wiesner published his only in
1983) belong to Alexander Holevo (1973), R.P.
Poplavskii (1975), Roman Ingarden (1976) and Yuri
Manin (1980). Better known are contributions made in
the early 1980s by Charles H. Bennett of the IBM
Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Paul A. Benioff of
Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois, David
Deutsch of the University of Oxford, and the late
Richard P. Feynman of the California Institute of
Technology. The idea emerged when scientists were
investigating the fundamental physical limits of
computation. If technology continued to abide by
“Moore's Law” (the observation made in 1965 by
Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, that the number of
transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had
doubled every 18 months since the integrated circuit
was invented), then the continually shrinking size of
circuitry packed onto silicon chips would eventually
reach a point where individual elements would be no
larger than a few atoms. But since the physical laws that
govern the behaviour and properties of the computative
circuit at the atomic scale are inherently quantum
mechanical in nature, not classical, the natural question
arose whether a new kind of computer could be devised
based on the principles of quantum physics.
Feynman was among the first to attempt to provide an
answer to this question by producing an abstract model
in 1982 that showed how a quantum system could be
used to do computations. He also explained how such a
machine would be able to act as a simulator for
quantum physics. Feynman also conjectured that any
classical computer that will be harnessed for this task
will do so only inefficiently, incurring an exponential
slowdown in computation time. In 1985 David Deutsch
proposed the first universal quantum Turing machine
and paved the way to the quantum circuit model. The
young and thriving domain also attracted philosophers'
attention. In 1983 David Albert showed how a quantum
mechanical automaton behaves remarkably differently
from a classical automaton, and in 1990 Itamar
Pitowsky raised the question whether the superposition
principle will allow quantum computers to solve NP
(non-deterministic polynomials)-complete
problems. He also stressed that although one
could in principle 'squeeze' information of
21 exponential complexity into polynomially
13 many quantum states, the real problem lay in
18
PRA
VES
H
4TH AGAR
SEM WAL
the efficient retrieval of this information.
The recent excitement in this lively and speculative
domain of research was triggered by Peter Shor (1994)
who showed how a quantum algorithm could
exponentially “speed-up” classical computation and
factor large numbers into primes much more rapidly (at
least in terms of the number of computational steps
involved) than any known classical algorithm. Shor's
algorithm was soon followed by several other
algorithms that aimed to solve combinatorial and
algebraic problems, and in the last few years theoretical
study of quantum systems serving as computational
devices has achieved tremendous progress. Common
belief has it that the implementation of Shor's algorithm
on a large scale quantum computer would have
devastating consequences for current cryptography
protocols which rely on the premise that all known
classical worst-case algorithms for factoring take time
exponential in the length of their input (see, e.g.,
Preskill 2005). Consequently, experimentalists around
the world are engaged in tremendous attempts to tackle
the technological difficulties that await the realization
of such a large scale quantum computer. But regardless
whether these technological problems can be overcome
(Unruh 1995, Ekert and Jozsa 1996, Haroche and
Raimond 1996); it is noteworthy that no proof exists yet
for the general superiority of quantum computers over
their classical counterparts.
The philosophical interest in quantum computing is
threefold: First, from a social-historical perspective,
quantum computing is a domain where
experimentalists find themselves ahead of their fellow
theorists. Indeed, quantum mysteries such as
entanglement and nonlocality were historically
considered a philosophical quibble, until physicists
discovered that these mysteries might be harnessed to
devise new efficient algorithms. But while the
technology for isolating 5 or even 7 qubits (the basic
unit of information in the quantum computer) is now
within reach (Schrader et al. 2004, Knill et al. 2000),
only a handful of quantum algorithms exist, and the
question whether these can solve classically intractable
computational problems is still open. Next, from a
more philosophical perspective, advances in quantum
computing may yield foundational benefits. It may turn
out that the technological capabilities that allow us to
isolate quantum systems by shielding them from the
effects of decoherence for a period of time long enough
to manipulate them will also allow us to make progress
in some fundamental problems in the foundations of
quantum theory itself. Indeed, the development and the
implementation of efficient quantum algorithms may
 Y
upta A REAL STOR
Pallavi das g

Sara was an only child, the apple of her daddy's could never become; she was completely in awe
eye. She was never refused anything. A little nag of her elder sister.
and she had her way through. Her father took care When the vacations ended, Sara went back to
that she never had a dearth of things that she school, without even a word or wave of her hand
wanted to possess. Every time she broke a toy, it for Kimi. After Sara left, Kimi cried for days and
was replaced even before she could shed a tear. refused to eat. This happened every time Sara
Sara lived this dream life for six years, when her came home. Such was the contrast of emotions.
younger sister Kimi was born. The attention Years passed, Sara finished her schooling and
seemed to have shifted to the little angel came back home to find Kimi bed ridden. ”Who
overnight. She was fair and plump and had cheeks cares,” she thought,”She has enough people
like apples. Everyone seemed to be engrossed around her.”
with her. Even daddy seemed to be carrying the She would sometimes venture into Kimi's room.
baby in his arms all the time, Sara was now too old Her eyes lit up whenever she saw her elder sister.
to be cradled. She missed her old days when Kimi seemed to have grown much weaker. Sara
everyone had just one name to chant 'Sara'. felt bad for her but could not bring herself to love
Slowly as the months progressed, all her toys Kimi as a sibling.
were handed down to Kimi. This made Sara even One night Kimi silently passed away in her
more jealous. As if her parents were not enough, sleep. The child was just twelve years old. Sara
this new baby now wanted to take away all her was called into the room and found her father
toys. Sara cried herself to sleep almost every holding Kimi's limp hand and crying. Beside her
night. The sight of Kimi angered her. The more pillow were a thick bundle of papers. Sara picked
her parents wanted her to love her sister, the more them up. Her eyes filled with tears as soon as she
she was filled with hatred. opened them. Those were pictures that Kimi had
However, as Kimi grew older, it was figured out drawn each of them was her's holding Kimi's
that she had speech impairment. She would not be hand.
able to express herself like normal people. She If only she had tried to understand her once, if
needed special attention. only she had given love a chance…..
Sara's father decided to send her to a boarding
school. Kimi needed special attention and Sara's
studies were getting neglected. She threw
tantrums, refused to eat. However when her father
refused to listen, she had to give in. Sara left home
with a heavy heart, never to forgive Kimi for what
she had done.
Life was difficult in the boarding school. Sara
had been a thoroughly spoilt child and was not
used to the discipline that was expected from
students. However, she was egoistic enough
never to complain. She often wondered what
things were like at home. Had Kimi not been
there, she would have enjoyed her parents'
undivided attention. She would never be able to
forgive Kimi all her life for having separated her
from home.
When Sara went home during the vacations,
Kimi was the happiest of all. She would for hours
and watch her elder sister draw, read, talk to her
friends and play while Sara barely acknowledged 22
her presence. To Kimi, Sara was someone she
13
 SAU
M
8TH IT DEY
RIG IT UP SEM

This circuit saves both time and
electricity for students. It helps
to prevent them from dozing off
while studying, by sounding a
beep at a fixed time interval, say,
30 minutes. If the student is
awake during the beep, he can
reset the circuit to beep in the
next 30 minutes. If the timer is
not reset during this time, it
means the student is in deep
sleep or not in the room, and the
circuit switches off the light and
fan in the room, thus preventing
the wastage of electricity. The
circuit is built around Schmit
ttrigger NAND gate IC CD4093
(IC1), timer IC CD4020 (IC2),
transistors BC547, relay RL1 and
buzzer. The Schmitt-trigger
NAND gate (IC1) is configured
as an astable multivibrator to
generate clock for the timer
(IC2). The time period can be
calculated as T=1.38×R×C. If
R=R1+VR1=15 kilo-ohms and
C=C2=10 ìF, you'll get 'T' as
0.21 second. Timer IC CD4020
(IC2) is a 14-stage ripple
counter. Around half an hour
after the reset of IC1, transistors
T1, T2 and T3 drive the buzzer to
sound an intermediate beep. If
IC2 is not reset through S1 at that
time, around one minute later
the output of gate N4 goes high
and transistor T4 conducts. As
the output of gate N4 is
connected to the clock input
(pin 10) of IC2 through diode
D3, further counting stops and
relay RL1 energizes to deactivate
all the appliances. This state
changes only when IC1 is reset by
pressing switch S1. Assemble the
circuit on a general purpose PCB
and enclose it in a suitable
cabinet. Mount switch S1 and the
buzzer on the front panel and
the relay at the back side of the
box. Place the 12V battery in the
cabinet for powering the circuit.
In place of the battery, you can
also use a 12V DC adaptor.

Some facts:
1. What percent of 11 year olds in the US have cell phones…36%
2. Average pencil (non-mechanical) can draw a continuous line that is how long?…35 miles
3. How many times does the average user blink a minute? …7 times
4. How many ATM's in Antarctica…1
5. For every non pornographic website, there are 5 pornographic websites!!! (WOW)
6. How many hours worth of video is uploaded to Youtube every minute?..10 hrs.
23
13
 GAU
6TH RAV
SEM
BEYOND BASIC

How startling it is to witness data transmission and communication without ports and wires . The technical prowess
which lets us manifest such miracles are namely wi-fi,Bluetooth ,infrared and so on and so forth. But again the vital
query, how does it work??
How Bluetooth Creates a Connection??
Bluetooth takes small-area networking to the next level by removing the need for user intervention and keeping
transmission power extremely low to save battery power. The big draws of Bluetooth are that it is wireless,
inexpensive and automatic.Picture this: You're on your Bluetooth-enabled cell phone, standing outside the door to
your house. You tell the person on the other end of the line to call you back in five minutes so you can get in the house
and put your stuff away. As soon as you walk in the house, the map you received on your cell phone from your car's
Bluetooth-enabled GPS system is automatically sent to your Bluetooth-enabled computer, because your cell phone
picked up a Bluetooth signal from your PC and automatically sent the data you designated for transfer. Five minutes
later, when your friend calls you back, your Bluetooth-enabled home phone rings instead of your cell phone. The
person called the same number, but your home phone picked up the Bluetooth signal from your cell phone and
automatically re-routed the call because it realized you were home. And each transmission signal to and from your cell
phone consumes just 1 milliwatt of power, so your cell phone charge is virtually unaffected by all of this activity.
Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works at two levels: I
I t provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard.
It provides agreement at the protocol level, where products have to agree on when bits are sent, how many will be
sent at a time, and how the parties in a conversation can be sure that the message received is the same as the message
sent.
Why not infrared??
There are other ways to get around using wires, including infrared communication. Infrared (IR) refers to light waves
of a lower frequency than human eyes can receive and interpret. Infrared is used in most television remote control
systems. Infrared communications are fairly reliable and don't cost very much to build into a device, but there are a
couple of drawbacks. First, infrared is a "line of sight" technology. For example, you have to point the remote control at
the television or DVD player to make things happen. The second drawback is that infrared is almost always a "one to
one" technology. You can send data between your desktop computer and your laptop computer, but not your laptop
computer and your PDA at the same time.
What Is Wi-Fi???
A WI-FI is wireless fidelity, where fidelity means to regenerate(data) faithfully.A wireless network uses radio waves,
just like cell phones, televisions and radios do. In fact, communication across a wireless network is a lot like two-way
radio communication. Here's what happens: A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio signal and
transmits it using an antenna. A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. The router sends the information to
the Internet using a physical, wired Ethernet connection. The process also works in reverse, with the router receiving
information from the Internet, translating it into a radio signal and sending it to the computer's wireless adapter. The
radios used for WiFi communication are very similar to the radios used for walkie-talkies, cell phones and other
devices. They can transmit and receive radio waves, and they can convert 1s and 0s into radio waves and convert the
radio waves back into 1s and 0s. But WiFi radios have a few notable differences from other radios: This is a single unit
that contains: A port to connect to your cable or DSL modem ,A router ,An Ethernet hub ,A firewall, A wireless access
point
The process:
Each of the above system contains a transmitter. This consists of a source of electrical energy, producing alternating
current of a desired frequency of oscillation. The transmitter contains a system to modulate (change) some property
of the energy produced to impress a signal on it. This modulation might be as simple as turning the energy on and off,
or altering more subtle properties such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or combinations of these properties. The
transmitter sends the modulated electrical energy to an antenna; this structure converts the rapidly-
changing alternating current into an electromagnetic wave that can move through free space. 24
Theelectromagnetic wave is intercepted by a receiving antenna; this structure captures some of the 13
24
 SATHYA
TEP
8TH SEM YOUR NEXT S

Scope of engineering in defence of INDIA

Army is considered to be the most important part of defence of any country. Whereas Navy
deals with protection of seashores, Air Force is responsible for Air operations, Army is
responsible for ground operations. Career in any of the defence services is considered highly
respectable. Indian Army was formed under British Government where most of the high
ranked officers were Britishers but after Independence it became totally Indian. The
importance of Indian Army is even more because of its unstable relationship with its neighbour
Pakistan. Indian has had already 3 major wars with Pakistan and it was Indian Army which was
responsible for the protection of the borders of our country.
Sometimes it may even take shape of a war where the soldiers have to fight for the country by putting even their lives at
stakes. Apart from protecting the territorial integrity the army is also used in controlling of severe internal conflicts and
disturbances and for providing relief in case of natural calamities like Earthquakes, Cyclones and Floods etc. So the basic task
of an army is the protection of country against any external, internal or natural forces.
To become an officer in Indian Army requires training in a recognised Army Institute. Those who have done 10+2 can apply for
National Defence Academy, admission to which is open twice a year. Those who have done Graduation can apply for Indian
Military Academy through Civil Defence Services exams which are also conducted twice a year. Both CDS and NDA exams are
conducted by UPSC and involves a rigorous procedure for entrance involving a Written test, Physical tests, Medical tests,
Group tests and Personal Interview. Tech Graduates and 10+2(PCM) candidates have separate recruitment procedure also for
training for Indian Army. Other than these there is also a University Entry Scheme for final and pre-final year students in
Engineering courses. For all these notifications is available through Additional Directorate General Recruiting.
Career in Defense and Protective Services
a. The Indian army, the Indian navy, the Indian Air Force
b. National defense academy.
c. Combined defense services
d. Protective and paramilitary services.

Indian Army Corps of Engineers

Introduction
The Army Corps of Engineers is one of the oldest arms of the Indian Army. It was established in the year 1780 when the two
regular pioneer companies of the Madras Sappers were raised. Subsequently, the Group of Madras, Bengal and Bombay
Sappers were formed and later merged on 18 November 1932 to form the Corps of Engineers in its present form. The Indian
Army Corps of Engineers consists of three major constituents namely Combat Engineers, MES (Military Engineering Service)
and Border Roads. The Corps also provides officers to the Military Survey and Defence Research & Development Organisation
(DRDO).
Combat Engineers
The main role of combat engineers is to provide mobility to own forces by constructing bridges, tracks and helipads; on the
other hand the Corps denies the same to the enemy by creating obstacles such as laying mine-fields and demolition of
bridges. The need for accurate survey arose before combat engineering. Vast holdings had to be carefully delineated and
mapped out, to plan the correct form of commercial extraction. By 1780, serious attention began to be given to the art of
sapping and mining.
Military Engineer Service (MES)
The military engineers are mainly responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of all works, buildings, airfields,
dock installations, etc. They are also engaged with additional services such as military roads, water and electricity supply,
drainage, refrigeration, furniture, required by the Army, Navy and Air Force in India.
Military Engineer Services (MES) is the largest construction agency in the country. As the premier engineering arm of the
Ministry of Defence, the MES primarily provides for the three arms of Defence forces, the Army, Air Force and Navy and also
to other Defence related departments and organizations. It was founded in 1851 to provide rear-line-
25 engineering support to the erstwhile British Indian Army.
13
25 18
 Border Roads Organisation
The Border Roads Organisation is another major arm of the Defense services which is playing a vital role by
constructing national highways, airfields, buildings and bridges. The Border Roads, by constructing a large number of roads
in once inaccessible areas of the Himalayas, Rajasthan and North Eastern States have contributed significantly to their
economic development. The personnel of the department are also enhancing the peace keeping process running
worldwide. The BRO is now busy in constructing roads and bridges in foreign countries viz. in Afghanistan.
Minimum Education Qualification: (i) TGC (ii) For Technical Arms and Services (Engineers). A degree in engineering, or
equivalent degree from a recognized University in Civil/Mechanical/Electrical/ Computer, Science/Electronics/Electronics
and Telecommunication/M.Sc (Computer, Science / Architect/ Industrial/ Manufacturing / Production)

Jobs in INDIAN ARMY for 2010

34th SSC (Technical) Men and 5thSSC (Technical) Women Course April 2010 33nd SSC (Tech.) : 89
posts.BE/ B.Tech. Civil : 09 posts.BE/ B.Tech. Mechanical : 14 posts.BE/ B.Tech. Electrical : 07 posts
.BE/ B.Tech. Electronics : 14 posts.BE/ B.Tech. Computer Science : 11 posts.BE/ B.Tech. IT : 16
posts.BE/ B.Tech.Elect & Communication/ Telecommunication : 15 posts.BE/ B.Tech. Industrial
Engineering & Management : 02 posts.BE/ B.Tech. Architecture : 02 posts.BE/ B.Tech.Public Health :
01postBE/ B.Tech. Construction : 01 post.
Entry points for the Engineers in Defence Services
Except for being a soldier one has a great scope for a career in Defence sevices.
Candidates possessing Engineering Degree or equivalent Degree from recognized University in the following
disciplines are eligible for commission in the Corps of Engineers, Signals and EME.
a) Corps of Engineers Civil / Electrical or Mechanical Engineering.
b) Corps of Signals
1. Associate membership of the institution of Engineers (India) in telecommunication Engineering or Electronics.
2. Any Degree in Telecommunication or Electronics recognized by their ministry of Education.
3. Engineering (Electrical ) graduates from IIT with specialization in Telecommunication and Electronics.
4. BE / BTech. / BSc. (Engg.) in Compu. in Electronics. in Telecommunication
c) Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
Electrical / Electronics / Mechanical / Automobile /
Metallurgical / Aeronautical / Production or Workshop technology or Aviation.
d)University Entry Scheme for Indian Army
India Army offers to male Engineering Degree Students ( studying in final year ) permanent commission in the
Army. The commission is offered in
1. corps of Engineers
2. Corps of Signals, and
3. Corps of electrical and Mechanical Engineers. The selection is through Service Board.
e)Women Special Entry Schemes (Offers) for Indian Army.
f)Recruitment through the UPSC
Becoming an Army Officer or a soldier requires lot of courage, will power, dedication, physical and mental
strength. The training procedure is rigorous and only someone who is totally dedicated to the service of country
should apply for Indian Army. The Government does everything so that those serving the country have all the
facilities like housing, medical insurance, best education for children, canteen facilities, insurance and easy loans.
In short army officers have opportunities to lead the best and most satisfying lives.

FORMULA FOR WATER She called my name

Teacher :”What is the chemical formula for water”? HA.. I didn't see her
Again she called me!
Little Johnny replies, "HIJKLMNO"!!
I didn't respond to her
& she kept herself
The teacher, puzzled, asks, "What on Earth are you
talking about?" HA.. silent!
Then I shouted
Little Johnny replies, "Yesterday you said it was H to Mam
O!"
Attendance!
HA.. 26
13
25
 DIV
YAN
S
6TH HU SH
SEM AH
How to create 3D YouTube videos

Did you know that YouTube has a clever feature which allows users to create
red/blue 3D movies. And all that one need for this is a pair of (preferably
identical) camcorders, any video editing software and 3D glasses to watch the
results.

Here's how to get started.

Step 1
Set up a scene to be recorded on two cameras simultaneously, arranging them
like a pair of perfectly level eyes. Any difference in angle will reduce the effect.

Step 2
Sync the resulting footage in your video editing program, placing the two shots side by side in the same frame. The “left-
eye” camera shot should go on the right-hand side and vice-versa .

Step 3
When you upload the video, add the tag yt3d:enable=true. If it's in widescreen, you also need to add yt3d:aspect=16:9.

Step 4
YouTube will then analyse the video and make a composite of both sides. When viewed through your 3D specs it should
jump out at you.

Step 5: Making 3D glasses

And in case you don't have 3D glasses, here's how to make them. You need some card, red and cyan “gels” , a ruler,
scissors, a scalpel and some glue. For the frames, fold the card in half and cut a rectangle as wide as your head and twice
as deep as your eyes, then cut eye holes. Cut one square of each gel slightly larger than the eye holes and two long strips
of card about 2cm wide for the arms. Open up the frames and place the lenses inside with red on the right eye. Put about
1cm of each arm on the sides. Seal like a sandwich. Fold and trim the arms, and carve shapes for your ears and nose.
Balance days=106
Why do students fail?
2 hour daily for food means 30 days
It is not fault of the student if he/she fails because a Balance days=76
year
has only 365 days-a typical year for student. 1 hour for talking daily means 15 days.
(Because man is a social animal)
Sundays-52 Balance days=61
52 Sunday in a year
Therefore balance day = 313 Exam days per year, at least 35 days
Balance days=26
Summer vacations-70
Where weather is very hot and difficult to study. Quarterly half yearly and festivals only-20 days
Balance day=243
Balance days =06
8 hours daily for sleep means 122 days
Balance days=121 For sickness, atleast 5 days
Balance 01 day
1 hour daily for doing exercise (yoga, gym etc)
That is 15 days. That 01 day for his/her birthday.
According to doctors, doing exercises is good for So ………., how can a student pass????
health.

27 Lucky: One who gets the opportunity. Brilliant: One who creates the
opportunity. Winner: One who uses the opportunity. Be a winner always.
13
27
 BID ADIEU
Something told the wild geese
It was time to go
Though the fields lay golden
Something whispered,”Snow”
-Rachel Feld
Heyy, helloo, Sasriya kal, asalaam walekum ……I know all these greetings are very cliché….
but still friends this is indeed INDIA and here “old is gold” still holds good. Friends coming
this June we, the most…..what people say “vivacious, rocking, vibrant batch of 2010”(Oh
come on! every other batch feels that their batch is the coolest)……..will bid adieu to this
college, campus, fun……..LIFE forever and remember how we used to complain about our
long and hectic days,assignments,late labs……phewww… but now as the countdown has
started …the feelings are simply inverse…..kinda crazy ..rite…..Now, I perhaps feel that
where ever we go…..and plunge in the corporate sea….. our heart would always crave for
these jolly days……never know, it might even skip a beat whenever the merry days of our
college life would sway by our thoughts….alas… Whilst reminiscing over the past years ,
the pioneer of all thoughts is that of the 1st of Sept 2006 …….the very day which embarked
our foray into this institution. I can almost post-view the well organized invitation
ceremony, the multicolored decorated stage, the rhetoric speeches by the director,
principal and our most respectable Swamiji. There was a cloud of excitement and tint of
apprehension gleaming in each student's eyes and an eagerness and zeal to explore. From
the next day onwards started our panoramic journey which consisted of the confused
circuits,non debugging codes,brain teasing derivations,the very reliable CRO's with the
unreliable outputs,the care of the teachers,the night outs,the aimless wandering with
friends,the unity in the call for bunking, the gossiping in the class rooms,, the last minute
preparation before the exams and most importantly our 3rd Sem's “D STRIKE DAY” which I
know everyone knows what I am referring to. Our 1st year went away by simply getting to
know each other,our 2nd year went away in making friends(as of….),our third year started
with a boom and bang which I personally feel was the the toughest and horrific year of my
life and finally the final year in panicking for job.Now that we all are almost done it
suddenly struck me how speedy those years went by and how strongly I want them
back.We all have been waiting to become graduates and hit the next level but honestly
don't we all at this point of time just want to play “Pause” and feel this farewell taking our
very own sweet time.So many words are left unsaid…….so many deeds are left undone but
I still want this incompleteness to leave behind a trail which shall be carried on by the next
expected batch. Hoping that every day turns to be a timeless memory and sweet
remembrance for the coming batches which they will cherish throughout their lives. Best of
luck and good bye.
On behalf of the entire fourth year signing off.

- 4TH YEAR TELEBLITZ TEAM

In the brim of engineering,TCE