TOPIC: THERMOCHEMISTRY

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A sample containing 2.000 mol of helium gas originally at 298.15 K and 1.000 bar is cooled to its
normal boiling temperature of 4 K, condensed to a liquid and then cooled further to 2 K, where it
undergoes another phase transition to a second liquid for m, called liquid helium II. A beam of laser
light suddenly vaporizes this liquid phase, and the helium is brought to a temperature of 298.15 K
and a pressure of 0.500 bar. The entropy change for the above process is :
(A) 11.5 JK -1
(B) -11.5 JK -1
(C) 23 JK -1
(D) Insufficient Information
In general, native proteins are in equilibrium with denatured forms: Protein (denatured)
Protein
(native)
For a small protein, it was found that the free energy difference resulting from the folding process,
G0 (denatured native) = -2.2 kJ/mol. After 100 molecules achieve a native/denatured equilibrium
at 310 K, the numbers of each species present is expected to be
(A) 57 molecules in native and 43 molecules in denatured
(B) 30 molecules in native and 70 molecules in denatured
(C) 70 molecules in native and 30 molecules in denatured
(D) none of the above
At 250C, which of the following substance has the highest molar entropy?
(A)

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Al s

(B)

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(C)

C2H6 g

(D)

CH 4 g

Which of the following quantities is less than zero (0 > x)?

(A) The heat in an isochoric cooling of an ideal gas (B) The standard enthalpy of formation of N atom
(C) S at 0 K for CO
(D) The entropy of mixing of two different gases
A person, with body temperature of 310K , was sliding, with considerable friction, down a mountain
whose temperature was 277K. Which of the following sets of signs of entropy change is correct?

Ssystem

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C6 H 6 l

Ssurroundings

STotal

(a)
+
+
+
(b)
+
+
Cant be predicted
(c)
+
+
(d)
+
+
We consider a growing plant, limiting our system to the plant itself, to be an example of decreasing
entropy. Small molecules, like carbon dioxide, (CO)2, and water (H2O), are built into complex but
orderly arrangements of macromolecules. Which one of the following statements applies here?
(A) The Second Law of Thermodynamics, that the entropy of the universe is increasing, is being
violated.
(B) Plant growth is so complex that the laws of thermodynamics cannot be applied accurately.
(C) The Second Law of Thermodynamics is not being violated because the entropy of the plants
surroundings is increasing
(D) The Second Law of Thermodynamics is not being violated because the entropy of the plants
surrounding is decreasing
During an exothermic chemical reaction inside a closed system the internal energy will
(A) increase
(B) decrease
(C) stay the same
(D) Impossible to say
For a constant pressure system, if the entropy change for the surroundings is negative, then the
process going on inside the system is :
(A) isothermal
(B) exothermic (C) endothermic
(D) Impossible to say
Which of the following statements is true?
(A) For every process in an isolated system, T = 0
(B) For every process in an isolated system, S = 0
(C) For every process in an isolated system that has no macroscopic kinetic or potential energy, E = 0

(D) If a closed system undergoes a reversible change for which V = 0, then P-V work done on the
system in this process must be zero

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Which of the following statements about the state function and their description is wrongly matched?
(A) It enables one to find the rate of change of enthalpy and entropy with respect to temperature at
constant pressure: Cp
(B) It enables one to find the rate of change of internal energy and entropy with respect to temperature
at constant volume : Cv
(C) It is minimized when an isolated system reaches equilibrium : H
(D) It is maximized when a system reaches equilibrium S.
Which of the following statements is false?
(A) The quantities E, H and G have the same dimension
(B) In case of reversible chemical reaction, Gibbs free energy reaches to its minimum value when the
equilibrium is established
(C) Gibbs free energy of 10 g ice at 00C and 1.0 atm is less than the Gibbs free energy of 10 g of
H2O(l) at 00C and 1.0 atm.
(D) the quantities SdT, TdS, VdP and

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VdP all have the dimension of energy

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) A change of state from state 1 to state 2 produces a greater increase in entropy when carried out
irreversibly than when done reversibly
(B) The heat Q for an irreversible change of state from state 1 to state 2 might differ from the heat for
the same change of state carried out reversibly
(C) Higher the absolute temperature of a system, the smaller the increase in its entropy produced by a
given positive amount dqrev of reversible heat flow.
(D) The entropy of 20 g of H2O(l) at 300K and 1.0 atm is twice the entropy of 10.0 g of H2O(l) same
temperature and pressure
Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) The entropy of a substance in the liquid phase is lower than the entropy of the same substance in
the gas phase
(B) Spontaneous processes always occur very rapidly
(C) S for vaporization of a solid is always positive.
(D) A spontaneous reaction in one direction is always non-spontaneous in the reverse direction
The standard reaction free energy for

N 2O4 g

2NO 2 g is G 0 4.73 kJ mol 1 AT 298 K. What

is the value of G and what is the spontaneous direction of the reaction when the partial pressure of
the gases are

6.83 kJ mol 1 ; towards reactant

(C) 8.96 kJ mol1 ; towards product
(A)

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PN 2O4 0.80 atm and PNO2 2.10 atm ?

8.96 kJ mol1 ; towards product

(D) 8.96 kJ mol1 ; towards reactant
(B)

If the value of G for the reaction A B is -1,500 kJ/mol which of the following statements is false?
(A) There will be very little A when the reaction reaches equilibrium
(B) The reaction is spontaneous
(C) The reaction will be instantaneous (very fast)
(D) B is a very stable product relative to A
When an open glass of water is cooled from 500C to 200C by putting the 500C glass of water in a bath
that is at 200C, the absolute value of the entropy change in the bath is ___________ the absolute value
of the entropy change in the glass of water.
(A) greater than
(B) less than
(C) the same as
(D) Impossible to say
The reason why reactions come to an equilibrium point instead of going entirely to product is
(A) the attractive and repulsive forces between molecules balance at exactly that point
(B) the reaction is only endothermic at that point
(C) the reaction is only exothermic at that point
(D) the free energy change of mixing has a minimum when both reactant and product are present
Two gas molecules are brought closer and closer together slowly over time, from a large separation
distance, to experience vander Waals interactions. We can say that
(A) work has to be done ON the system (the 2 gas molecules) the whole time
(B) work is first done BY the system, then ON the system

(C) no work is done either BY the system or ON the system

(D) work is first done ON the system, then BY the system

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In the thermodynamic sense of the word, an irreversible process

(A) does the same work (but of opposite sign) as a reversible process
(B) violate the 1st law of thermodynamics, unlike a reversible process
(C) involves non-ideal gases (as opposed to ideal gases in a reversible process)
(D) exchanges the same amount of heat (but of opposite sign) as a reversible process
An energy-releasing reaction takes place in a closed diathermal container, which expands isothermally
against a constant and uniform pressure.
(A) Both the work and the heat flow are negative
(B) Both the work and the heat flow are positive
(C) The work done is positive and the flow is zero
(D) The work done is negative and the heat flow is zero.
HCl (aq) reacts with 1 mol of solid metal to produce the metal chloride (aq) and ideal hydrogen gas,
which does work at constant pressure against a piston at 250C. The problem is, were not sure exactly
what the metal is, or the stoichiometry of the reaction. We do observe that 3.72 kJ of work is done, so

MCl4
(B) the chemical formula of the metal chloride is therefore MCl3
(C) the chemical formula of the metal chloride is therefore MCl2
(D) the chemical formula of the metal chloride is therefore MCl
(A) the chemical formula of the metal chloride is therefore

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The Entropy of 1000 gas molecules in a container must change if

(A) the pressure is decreased
(B) the pressure AND the temperature are increased
(C) the pressure AND the temperature are decreased
(D) the temperature is increased and the pressure is decreased
Which of the following changes would definitely increase the internal energy of a system?
(A) The system gains heat and performs work
(B) The system gains heat and has work performed on it
(C) The system loses heat and performs work
(D) The system loses heat and has work performed on it
Although the diatomic molecule N2 has an extremely strong N N bond it will break apart into
nitrogen atoms

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N 2 g 2N g if it is heated to a high enough temperature because

(A) the value of G becomes more positive as the temperature increases

(B) the unfavourable enthalpy change for the reaction disappears at higher temperature
(C) the entropy change for the reaction is favourable, and this factor becomes more important as the
temperature of the system increases
(D) the equilibrium constant for the reaction decreases with temperature
If the value of G0 (reaction) for a given reaction is known, one may determine all of the following
EXCEPT the
(A) position of equilibrium at the temperature for which G0 (reaction) is known
(B) maximum amount of useful work that can be produced at standard conditions
(C) usefulness of a catalyst in controlling the reaction at standard condition
(D) stability of the products as compared to the reactants at standard conditions.

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