How To Size A Separator

INDEX:
1
2
3
4
5
5A
5B
5C
5D
6
6A
6B
6C
6D
Discussion
Nomenclature
References
StandardSeparatorSizesasperAPI
Separatorsizingwithmistextractor
TwoPhase(GasOil)VerticalSeparatorasperAPI12J
TwoPhase(GasOil)HorizontalSeparatorasperAPI12J
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)VerticalSeparatorasperAPI12J
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)HorizontalSeparatorasperAPI12J
Separatorsizingwithoutmistextractor
TwoPhase(GasOil)VerticalSeparatorAsperPetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
TwoPhase(GasOil)HorizontalSeparatorasperPetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)VerticalSeparatorasperPetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)HorizontalSeparatorasperPetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
Preparedby:
AjayS.Satpute
Sr.ProcessEngineer
RambollConsultingEngineering,Qatar
DISCUSSION
INDEX
Thisspreadsheetprovidesaneasyandsimpleapproachto(2/3phaseandvertical/horizontal)separatorsizing.
Formulaeandreferencesarealsoprovidedforprocessengineerstoedit/duplicatethiswork(fileisNOT
passwordprotected).
Thereisasmuchartasthereissciencetoproperlydesignaseparator.Threemainfactorsshouldbe
consideredinseparatorsizing:1)
vaporcapacity,2)Liquidcapacity,and3)operability.The
vaporcapacitywilldeterminethecrosssectionalareanecessaryforgravitationalforcestoremovetheliquid
fromthevapor.Theliquidcapacityis
typicallysetbydeterminingthevolumerequiredtoprovideadequateresidencetimetodegastheliquidor
allowimmiscibleliquidphasestoseparate.Operabilityissuesincludetheseparatorsabilitytodeal
withsolidsifpresent,unsteadyflow/liquidslugs,turndown,etc.Finally,theoptimaldesignwillusuallyresultin
anaspectratiothatsatisfiestheserequirementsinavesselofreasonablecost.Thesefactorsoftenresultinan
iterativeapproachtothecalculations.
Twosetsofcalculationsarecarriedouthere.
1.SeparatorswithMistExtractorsand2.
SeparatorswithoutMistExtractors
Severalusefulguidelinesforseparatordesignareprovidedbelow;
Momentum&Velocitycriteriafornozzles(Source:DEP31.22.05.12Gen.2008)
InletNozzle
MomentumorVelocityLimit
2
Max.Momentum,mV m1400Pa
NoInternal
Halfopenpipe
2
Schoepentoeterusedasinletdevice
2
GasoutletNozzle
Max.Momentum,gV
LiquidoutletNozzle
Maximumvelocity,1m/s
Selectionguidelineforseparatortypes
SystemCharacteristics
Largevapour,lessliquidLoad(byvolume)
Largeliquid,lessvapourLoad(byvolume)
Largevapour,largeliquidLoad(byvolume)
Liquidliquidseparation
Liquidsolidseparation
TypeofSeparator
Vertical
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Vertical
2
g,out4500Pa
Levelsettingintheseparator
Leveltype
LevelAlarmHighHigh(LAHH)
LevelAlarmHigh(LAH)
NormalAlarmLevel(NAL)
LevelAlarmLow(LAL)
Levelsetting
3060secondsor200mmwhicheverisgreater
60%ofhorizontalseparator
LevelAlarmLowLow(LALL)
3060secondsor200mmwhicheverisgreaterShouldbe
atleast200mmabovethevesselbottomormaximum
interfacelevel
TypicalKfactorsforthesizingofwiremeshdemisters(Source:IPSEPR880,1997)
Separatortype
Kfactor(m/s)
Horizontal(withverticalpad)
0.122to0.152
Spherical
0.061to0.107
Verticalorhorizontal(withhorizontalpad)
0.055to0.107
Atatmosphericpressure
0.107
At2100kPa
0.101
At4100kPa
0.091
At6200kPa
0.082
At10300kPa
0.064
Wetsteam
0.076
Mostvapoursundervacuum
0.061
Saltandcausticevaporators
0.046
NOMENCLATURE
INDEX
A
Aw
totalcrosssectionalareaoftheseparator.
2
crosssectionalareaoftheseparatoroccupiedbywater,ft
Ao
crosssectionalareaoftheseparatoroccupiedbyoil,ft2
Ag
crosssectionalareaoftheseparatoroccupiedbygas,ft2
CD
d
dm
D
h
hg
dragcoefficient
vesselinternaldiameter,in.
bubbleordropdiameter,m
vesseldiameter,ft
liquidheight,in.
gasphasespaceheight,in.
ho
oilpadheight,in.
hw
K
LefforL
waterpadheight,in.
meshcapacityfactor,ft/sec
effectivelengthofthevesselwhereseparationoccurs,ft
LssorLs
seamtoseamvessellength,ft
NLL
P
Qc
normalliquidlevel,%
operatingpressure,psia
continuousliquidphaseflowrate,bbl/day
Qg
Qo
gasflowrate,MMSCFDorft3/s
oilflowrate,bbl/day
WorQw
Re
T
V
Va
waterflowrate,bbl/day
Reynoldsnumber
operatingtemperature,R
liquidsettlingvolume
max.allowablevelocitythroughsecondaryseparationsection
Vm
Z
c
velocityofthemixture,m/s
gascompressibility
continuousphasedynamicviscosity,cp
waterdynamicviscosity,cP
density,lbm/ft3
gasdensity,lbm/ft3
liquiddensity,lbm/ft
oildensity,lbm/ft
meandensityofmixture,kg/m3
waterdensity,lbm/ft3
REFERENCES
INDEX
http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Vaporliquid_separator
API12J,Specificationforoilandgasseparators,1989
http://petrowiki.org/Separator_sizing
http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/11856selectingverticalseparatorldratio/
PetroleumandGasFieldProcessingHusseinK.AbdelAal,MohamedAggour,M.A.Fahim
http://books.google.com.qa/books?id=BZOPlA
SmMUC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=%22three+phase%22+separator+L/D+ratio+%22GPSA%22&source=bl&ot
http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/17158threephaseseparatordesignsuggestionneeded/
http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Vaporliquid_separator
http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?topic=8913.0
http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?topic=9252.0
http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/41sizingaflashtankorvaporliquidseparator/
http://www.engtips.com/faqs.cfm?fid=1153
http://processdesigns.com/
http://www.razifar.com/cariboost_files/Design_20Two_20Phase_20Separators_20Within_20the_20Right_2
0Limits.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souders%E2%80%93Brown_equation
http://books.google.com.qa/books?id=lpA83iVcaGYC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=Kh+%3D+1.25+Kv+separ
ator&source=bl&ots=fV8ewKHkag&sig=q70X8xfxPnk9MBMHgaEFwLhIhU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M
IPSEPR880,1997
GPSAEngineeringDataBook(12thEd)
STANDARDSEPARATORSIZESASPERAPI
D[in]xHorL[ft]
12inx5ft
12inx7ft
12inx10ft
16inx5ft
16inx7ft
16inx10ft
20inx5ft
20inx7ft
20inx10ft
24inx5ft
24inx7ft
24inx10ft
30inx5ft
30inx7ft
30inx10ft
36inx5ft
36inx7ft
36inx10ft
36inx15ft
42inx7ft
42inx10ft
42inx15ft
48inx7ft
48inx10ft
48inx15ft
54inx7ft
54inx10ft
54inx15ft
60inx7ft
60inx10ft
60inx15ft
INDEX
INDEX
TwoPhase(GasOil)Verticalseparator:AsperAPI12J
Gasrate
Qo
'o
Oilrate
Gasspecificgravity
Oildensity
o
P
T'
T
MW
t
Z
g
H
K
NLL
3000 bbl/d
0.70
40 oAPI
0.83
814.5 psia
80 oF
540 oR
20.3 lb/lbmole
1 minutes
0.84
0.013 cP
10 ft
0.30 ft/s
30%
Oilspecificgravity
Operatingpressure
Operatingtemperature
Molecularweight
Retentiontime(ReferTable2)
Gascompressibility
Gasviscosity
Shellheight(assume)
ReferTable1
Normalliquidlevel(assume)
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
Determinegasandoilproperties
g
Gasoperatingdensity
3.4 lb/ft3
o
51.5 lb/ft3
Oiloperatingdensity
SCHEMATIC
Yellowboxesareinputboxes.
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
25 mmscfd
EQUATIONS
TABLES
Table1
Height,ft
5
10
Step2:
Va
1.13 ft/s
Qg,a
4.55 ft3/s
Actualvolumeflowofgas
Ag,min
4.03 ft2
Minimumgasflowarea
Dmin
27 in
MinimumIDofseparator
Table2
OilGravities
Retentiontime,
minutes(Typical)
Above35oAPI
1to2
2to4
20to30 API
Dselected
H
H/D
30 in
10 ft
4.0 unitless
Nextlargerandappropriatesize
Shellheight
ReferNote4
2.6 bbl
Liquidvolume(excludingbottomhead)
3777 bpd
Liquidcapacityofseparatorshouldbe
morethan3000bpd(inputvalue)
TypicalKfactor
range
0.12to0.24
0.18to0.35
10to20 API
Step3:
NOTES
1.Themaximumallowablesuperficialvelocitycalculatedfromtheabovefactorsisforseparatorsnormallyhavingawiremeshmistextractor.
Thisrateshouldallowallliquiddropletslargerthan10micronstosettleoutofgas.
2.AdditionalresourceforKfactorfromGPSAEngineeringDataBook:
Pressure,barg
AdjustmentofKfactorforpressure
Kfactor,m/s
Pressure,psig
%ofDesignvalue
0
0.11
Atm.
100
7
0.11
150
90
21
0.10
300
85
42
0.09
600
80
63
0.08
1150
75
105
0.07
GPSANotes:
1.K=0.107atagaugepressureof7bar.Subtract0.003forevery7baraboveagaugepressureof7bar.
2.Forglycoloraminesolutions,multiplyaboveKvaluesby0.60.8.
3.TypicallyuseonehalfoftheaboveKvaluesforapproximatesizingofverticalseparatorswithoutmeshpads.
4.Forcompressorsuctionscrubbersandexpanderinletseparators,multiplyKby0.70.8.
3.AdditionalresourceforretentiontimesfromgasConditioningandProcessing,Volume2.
Naturalgasoil
1to3minutes
Leanoilsurgetanks
10to15minutes
Fractionationfeedsurgetanks
8to15minutes
Refrigerantsurgetanks
4to7minutes
Refrigerantecononomizers
2to3minutes
4.AsperGPSA,typicalverticalH/Dratiosarenormallyinthe2to4range.
INDEX
TwoPhase(GasOil)HorizontalSeparator:AsperAPI12J
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
25 mmscfd
Gasrate
Qo
'o
Oilrate
Gasspecificgravity
Oildensity
T
MW
t
Z
g
K
NLL
L
Oilspecificgravity
Operatingpressure
Molecularweight
Gascompressibility
Gasviscosity
ReferTable1
ShellLength(assume)
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
g
Gasoperatingdensity
3.4 lb/ft3
o
Step2:
Va
51.5 lb/ft3
Oiloperatingdensity
Ag,min
2.42 ft2
Minimumgasflowarea
Error
Dselected
L
L/D
TABLES
Table1
Length,ft
TypicalKfactor
range,ft/s
0.4to0.5
0.4to0.5x(L/10)0.56
1.881 ft/s
4.55 ft3/s
Ag,min
EQUATIONS
10
OtherLengths
Qg,a
Dmin
o
P
T'
3000 bbl/d
0.70
40 oAPI
0.83
814.5 psia
80 oF
540 oR
20.3 lb/lbmole
1 minutes
0.84
0.012 cP
0.5 ft/s
30%
10 ft
SCHEMATIC
4 in
2.42 ft
0.00
Assume
30 in
10 ft
4.0 unitless
Table2
OilGravities
Retentiontime,
minutes(Typical)
Above35oAPI
1to2
2to4
20to30 API
10to20 API
Nextlargerandappropriatesize
Shelllength
ReferNote4
Step3:
V
W
3 bbl
3644 bpd
NOTES
1.Themaximumallowablesuperficialvelocitycalculatedfromtheabovefactorsisforseparatorsnormallyhavingawiremeshmistextractor.This
rateshouldallowallliquiddropletslargerthan10micronstosettleoutofgas.
Pressure,barg
Kfactor,m/s
0
Pressure,psig
%ofDesignvalue
0.11
7
Atm.
100
0.11
21
150
90
0.10
42
300
85
0.09
63
600
80
0.08
105
1150
75
0.07
GPSANotes:
2.Forglycoloraminesolutions,multiplyaboveKvaluesby0.60.8.
3.Forcompressorsuctionscrubbersandexpanderinletseparators,multiplyKby0.70.8.
Naturalgasoil
1to3minutes
Leanoilsurgetanks
10to15minutes
8to15minutes
4to7minutes
2to3minutes
4.AsperGPSA,typicalhorizontalL/Dratiosarenormallyinthe2.5to5range.
INDEX
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)HorizontalSeparator:AsperAPI12J
Gasrate
Qo
8000 bbl/d
Oilrate
Qw
'o
Waterrate
Gasspecificgravity
Oildensity
o
P
T'
T
MW
H
to
3000 bbl/d
0.70
40 oAPI
0.83
250 psia
60 oF
520 oR
20.3 lb/lbmole
18 ft
5 minutes
Oilspecificgravity
Operatingpressure
Molecularweight
Shellheight(assume)
Oilretentiontime(ReferTable2)
tw
Z
g
K
NLL
5 minutes
0.84
0.013 cP
0.35 ft/s
50%
Waterretentiontime(ReferTable2)
Gascompressibility
Gasviscosity
ReferTable1
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
g
Gasoperatingdensity
1.1 lb/ft3
o
Step2:
Va
51.5 lb/ft3
Oiloperatingdensity
SCHEMATIC
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
8 mmscfd
EQUATIONS
TABLES
Table1
Height,ft
5
10
TypicalKfactorrange,
ft/s
0.12to0.24
0.18to0.35
2.4 ft/s
Qg,a
4.58 ft3/s
Ag,min
1.92 ft2
Minimumgasflowarea
Dmin
19 in
Dselected
H
H/D
Table2
OilGravities
Retentiontime,
minutes(Typical)
Assume
o
Above35 API
3to5
96 in
Nextlarger(thanDmin)andappropriate
size
Below35 API
18 ft
2.3 unitless
Shellheight
ReferNote4
81 bbl
11602 bpd
100+oF
o
80+ F
o
60+ F
5to10
10to20
20to30
Step3:
V
W
NOTES
Pressure,barg
Kfactor,m/s
Pressure,psig
%ofDesignvalue
0
0.11
Atm.
100
7
0.11
21
150
90
0.10
42
300
85
0.09
63
600
80
0.08
105
1150
75
0.07
GPSANotes:
2.Forglycoloraminesolutions,multiplyaboveKvaluesby0.60.8
3.TypicallyuseonehalfoftheaboveKvaluesforapproximatesizingofverticalseparatorswithoutmeshpads
4.Forcompressorsuctionscrubbersandexpanderinletseparators,multiplyKby0.70.8
Naturalgasoil
1to3minutes
Leanoilsurgetanks
10to15minutes
8to15minutes
4to7minutes
2to3minutes
4.AsperGPSA,typicalhorizontalH/Dratiosarenormallyinthe2to4range.
INDEX
ThreePhase(GasOil)HorizontalSeparator:AsperAPI12J
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
8 mmscfd Gasrate
8000 bbl/d
Oilrate
Qw
'o
Waterrate
Gasspecificgravity
Oildensity
o
P
T'
T
MW
L
to
3000 bbl/d
0.70
40 oAPI
0.83
250 psia
60 oF
520 oR
20.3 lb/lbmole
18 ft
5 minutes
tw
Z
g
K
NLL
5 minutes Waterretentiontime(ReferTable2)
Gascompressibility
0.84
Gasviscosity
0.013 cP
ReferTable1
0.35 ft/s
50%
Oilspecificgravity
Operatingpressure
Molecularweight
ShellLength(assume)
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
Gasoperatingdensity
g
1.1 lb/ft3
o
Step2:
Va
51.5 lb/ft3
Oiloperatingdensity
4.58 ft3/s
Ag,min
1.92 ft2
Minimumgasflowarea
Dmin
2.4 in
Error
EQUATIONS
TABLES
Table1
TypicalKfactorrange,
ft/s
10
0.4to0.5
OtherLengths 0.4to0.5x(L/10)0.56
Length,ft
2.388 ft/s
Qg,a
Ag,min
Qo
SCHEMATIC
Assume
Table2
OilGravities
Above35oAPI
Retentiontime,
minutes(Typical)
3to5
Below35oAPI
1.92 ft
0.00
Dselected
78 in
Nextlarger(thanDmin)andappropriate
size
L
L/D
18 ft
2.8 unitless
Shelllength
ReferNote4
77 bbl
11036 bpd
100+oF
5to10
80+oF
10to20
60+oF
20to30
Step3:
V
NOTES
Pressure,barg
Kfactor,m/s
0
Pressure,psig
%ofDesignvalue
0.11
7
Atm.
100
0.11
21
150
90
0.10
42
300
85
0.09
63
600
80
0.08
105
1150
75
0.07
GPSANotes:
2.Forglycoloraminesolutions,multiplyaboveKvaluesby0.60.8
3.Forcompressorsuctionscrubbersandexpanderinletseparators,multiplyKby0.70.8
Naturalgasoil
1to3minutes
Leanoilsurgetanks
10to15minutes
8to15minutes
4to7minutes
2to3minutes
INDEX
TwoPhase(GasOil)VerticalSeparator:Asper"PetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
HusseinK.AbdelAal,MohamedAggour,M.A.Fahim"
SCHEMATIC
Qo
'o
o
P
T'
T
t
Z
g
dm
3000
0.6
35.0
0.85
985
60
520
3
0.84
0.013
bbl/d
o
API
psia
o
F
o
R
minutes
cP
100 Micron
Oilrate
Gasspecificgravity
Oildensity
Oilspecificgravity
Operatingpressure
Gascompressibility
Gasviscosity
Smallestoildropletsizetoberemoved
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
3
Gasoperatingdensity
g
3.7 lb/ft
o
Step2:
3
53.0 lb/ft
1.13 Assume
0.41 ft/s
56
1.16
Error
0.00
Oiloperatingdensity
Clickme
Dragcoefficient
Settlingvelocityofoildroplet
Reynoldsno.
Usegoalseektogeterrorzero,bychanging
asssumedCd
Dmin
Checkforgascapacityconstraint
2
974 in
Minimumallowablevesseldiameterforseparation
31.2 in
ofoildropletsdownto100micron
Step4:
D2H
Checkforliquidcapacityconstraint
77085
TrydifferentcombinationsofD.
TABLE1
Ls,ft
SR
D,in
H,in
30
85.7
13.5
36
59.5
11.3
42
43.7
10.5
48
33.5
10.1
54
26.4
10.0
60
21.4
10.1
66
17.7
10.3
72
14.9
10.6
78
12.7
10.9
84
10.9
11.2
90
9.5
11.6
Ls
SR
D
EQUATIONS
DetermineCd
Cd
u
Re
Cd
Step3:
D2
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
15 mmscfd Gasrate
11.3 ft
3.8
36.0 in
5.4
3.8
3.0
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
TABLE2(Ref.API12J)
OilGravities
Above35oAPI
20to30oAPI
10to20oAPI
Seamtoseamlength(selectfromTable1)
Slendernessratio(typicalvalue3to4)(selectfromTable1)
Separatordiameter(selectfromTable1)
NOTES
Retentiontime,
1
1to2
2to4
INDEX
TwoPhase(GasOil)HorizontalSeparator:Asper"PetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
15 mmscfd Gasrate
3000
0.6
35.0
0.85
985
60
520
3
0.84
0.013
'o
o
P
T'
T
t
Z
g
bbl/d
o
API
Oilrate
Gasspecificgravity
Oildensity
Qo
SCHEMATIC
Oilspecificgravity
Operatingpressure
psia
o
F
o
R
minutes Retentiontime(ReferTable2)
Gascompressibility
Gasviscosity
cP
dm
100 Micron
NLL
50%
NormalLiquidLevel
EQUATIONS
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
3
g
Gasoperatingdensity
3.7 lb/ft
3
53.0 lb/ft
Oiloperatingdensity
DetermineCd
Step2:
Cd
1.2 Assume Dragcoefficient

0.40 ft/s
Reynoldsno.
55
1.19
Clickme
Clickme
asssumedCd
0.00
u
Re
Cd
Error
Step3:
LD
83 in.ft
Step4:
D2L
2
12852 in .ft
TABLE1
Lg,ft
D,in
Ls
SR
D
Ls,ft
(gas)
Lo,ft
Ls,ft(oil)
SR=12ls
Governing (oilor
case
gas)/D
Liquid
476.0 Capacity
Liquid
119.0 Capacity
Liquid
29.8 Capacity
Liquid
19.0 Capacity
Liquid
12.4 Capacity
Liquid
9.8 Capacity
Liquid
8.1 Capacity
Liquid
6.9 Capacity
13.85
14.35
357.00
12
6.93
7.93
89.25
24
3.46
5.46
22.31
30
2.77
5.27
14.28
36
2.31
5.31
9.92
42
1.98
5.48
7.29
48
1.73
5.73
5.58
54
1.54
6.04
4.41
60
1.39
6.39
3.57
6.1 Gascapacity
1.28
66
1.26
6.76
2.95
5.5 Gascapacity
1.23
72
1.15
7.15
2.48
5.0 Gascapacity
1.19
12.4
4.1
36
ft
in
952.00
119.00
14.88
TABLE2(Ref.API12J)
7.62
4.14
OilGravities
Retentiontime,
minutes(Typical)
Above35oAPI
2.80
2.02
1.53
NOTES
2.IfD>30",Ls=2.5+Lo;
Else,Ls=(4/3)*Lo
Ref.http://processdesigns.com/separators_and_scrubbers/separators_and_scrubbers.jsp
20to30 API
1to2
o
10to20 API
2to4
INDEX
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)VerticalSeparator:Asper"PetroleumandGasFieldProcessing
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
8 mmscfd Gasrate
8000 bbl/d
Oilrate
Qw
3000 bbl/d
Waterrate
Oildensity
'o
o
o
27.6 API
0.89
20 cP
Oilspecificgravity
Oilviscosity
Waterspecificgravity
1.04
Gasspecificgravity
0.65
Gascompressibility
0.89
Operatingpressure
250 psia
o
95 F
o
555 R
10 minutes Waterretentiontime(ReferTable2)
15 minutes Oilretentiontime(ReferTable2)
Gasviscosity
0.013 cP
Z
P
T'
T
tw
to
g
dm,w
500 Micron
Smallestwaterdropletsizetoberemoved
dm,o
100 Micron
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
3
g
Gasoperatingdensity
0.89 lb/ft
3
55.5 lb/ft
SCHEMATIC
Qo
EQUATIONS
Oiloperatingdensity
DetermineCd
Step2:
Cd
u
Re
Cd
Error
2.07 Assume
0.65 ft/s
22
2.09
0.00 Clickme
Step3:
D2min
Dragcoefficient
Reynoldsno.
Determineminimumdiameterforwaterdropletsettling
2
28428 in
Dmin
168.6 in
Step4:
D2min
2
1475 in
Dmin
38.4 in
Dmin
168.6 in
LargerofStep2and3values
Step5:
3
D2(Ho+Hw)
1286400 in
TABLE1
Ho+Hw,in Ls,ft
D,in
16
20
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
120
132
Ls
SR
D
Qg
5025
3216
2233
1429
993
729
558
441
357
89
74
425.1
274.3
192.4
125.4
89.0
67.6
53.9
44.6
38.1
20.8
20.5
20.8 ft
2.1
120.0 in
86 mmscfd
TABLE2(Ref.API12J)
SR=12Ls
/D
318.8
164.6
96.2
50.2
29.7
19.3
13.5
9.9
7.6
2.1
1.9
OilGravities
Above35oAPI
Below35oAPI
Retentiontime,minutes
(Typical)
3to5
100+oF 5to10
80+oF 10to20
60+oF 20to30
Seamtoseamlength(selectfromtable1)
Slendernessratio(typicalvalue1.5to3)(selectfromTable1)
CalculatedgascapacityforselectedL&D(Shouldbemorethan8MMSCFDinputvalue)
NOTES
INDEX
ThreePhase(GasOilWater)HorizontalSeparator:Asper"PetroleumandGasFieldProcessingHusseinK.
AbdelAal,MohamedAggour,M.A.Fahim"
Gasrate
Qo
8000 bbl/d
Oilrate
Qw
3000 bbl/d
Waterrate
'o
o
o
w
Z
P
T'
T
tw
to
g
27.5
0.89
20
1.04
0.65
0.89
250
95
555
10
15
0.013
dm,w
API
cP
psia
F
o
R
minutes
minutes
cP
o
500 Micron
Oildensity
Oilspecificgravity
Oilviscosity
Waterspecificgravity
Gasspecificgravity
Gascompressibility
Operatingpressure
Waterretentiontime(ReferTable2)
Gasviscosity
Smallestwaterdropletsizetoberemoved
dm,o
100 Micron
NLL
50%
Normalliquidlevelduetooilandwater
CALCULATIONS
Step1:
Gasoperatingdensity
g
0.89 lb/ft3
o
55.5 lb/ft3
DetermineCd
Step3:
Ho,max
Determineminimumdiameterforwaterdropletsettling
36.0 in
Ao+Aw=NLL*A
0.10
Aw/A
Ho/D
0.315 Assume
Aw/A
Error
Dmax
0.13
0.00 Clickme
114 in
Dragcoefficient
Reynoldsno.
Usegoalseektogeterrorzero,bychangingasssumedCd
Usegoalseektogeterrorzero,bychangingasssumedHo/D
Maximumallowablevesseldiameter
Step4:
DL
122 in.ft
Step4:
2
DL
214350 in2ft
TrydifferentcombinationsofD(smallerthanDmax).
TABLE1
Ls(gas)=L+
Governing SR=L/
Ls(liquid)=4L/3,f
D,in
L(gas),ft
L,ft
(D/12)
D/12,ft
case
Liquid
12
10.2
11.2
1488.5
1984.7
Capacity
1984.7
Liquid
24
5.1
7.1
372.1
496.2
Capacity
248.1
Liquid
30
4.1
6.6
238.2
317.6
Capacity
127.0
Liquid
36
3.4
6.4
165.4
220.5
Capacity
73.5
Liquid
66
1.9
7.4
49.2
65.6
Capacity
11.9
Liquid
72
1.7
7.7
41.3
55.1
Capacity
9.2
Liquid
78
1.6
8.1
35.2
47.0
Capacity
7.2
Liquid
84
1.5
8.5
30.4
40.5
Capacity
5.8
Liquid
90
1.4
8.9
26.5
35.3
Capacity
4.7
Liquid
96
1.3
9.3
23.3
31.0
Capacity
3.9
Liquid
102
1.2
9.7
20.6
27.5
Capacity
3.2
Ls
SR
D
L
Qg
35.3
4.7
90.0
26.5
156
ft
in
ft
mmscfd
EQUATIONS
Oiloperatingdensity
Step2:
Cd
u
Re
Cd
Error
2.07 Assume
0.65 ft/s
22
2.09
0.00 Clickme
SCHEMATIC
INPUTPARAMETERS
Qg
8 mmscfd
TABLE2(Ref.API12J)
OilGravities
o
Above35 API
3to5
Below35oAPI
100+oF
5to10
o
80+ F
10to20
60+oF
20to30
Eec velengthoftheseparator
CalculatedgascapacityforselectedL&D(Shouldbemorethan8MMSCFDinputvalue)
NOTES
Retentiontime,minutes
(Typical)

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1.2 Assume Dragcoefficient

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