RDbms

WIRELESS NETWORKS
Atul Sharma(11300517)
PRACTICAL -1
AIM:-To Study about various simulation softwares
Simulation is a very important modern technology. It can be applied to
different science, engineering, or other application fields for different
purposes. Computer assisted
simulation can model hypothetical and
real-life objects or activities on a computer so that it can be studied to see
how the system function. Different variables can be used to predict the
behavior of the system. Computer simulation can be used to assist the
modeling and analysis in many natural systems. Typical application areas
include physics, chemistry, biology, and human-involved systems in
economics, finance or even social science. Other important applications are
in the engineering such as civil engineering, structural engineering,
mechanical engineering, and computer engineering. Application of
simulation technology into networking area such as network traffic
simulation, however, is relatively new.
Network simulators are used by people from different areas such as
academic researchers, industrial developers, and Quality Assurance (QA) to
design, simulate, verify, and analyze the performance of different networks
protocols. They can also be used to evaluate the effect of the different
parameters on the protocols being studied. Generally a network simulator
will comprise of a wide range of networking technologies and protocols and
help users to build complex networks from basic building blocks like clusters
of nodes and links. With their help, one can design different network
topologies using various types of nodes such as end-hosts, hubs, network
bridges, routers, optical link-layer devices, and mobile units.
Table 1 Network simulators
Network simulators name
Commercial
OPNET
Open source
NS2, NS3, OMNeT++, SSFNet, J-Sim
WIRELESS NETWORKS
OPNET
OPNET is the registered commercial trademark and the name of product presented by OPNET
Technologies incorporation. It is one of the most famous and popular commercial network
simulators by the end of 2008. Because of it has been used for a long time in the industry, it
become mature and has occupied a big market share.
4.1 Overview
OPNETs software environment is specialized for network research and development. It can be
flexibly used to study communication networks, devices, protocols, and applications. Because of
the fact of being a commercial software provider, OPNET offers relatively much powerful visual
or graphical support for the users. The graphical editor interface can be used to build network
topology and entities from the application layer to the physical layer. Object-oriented
programming technique is used to create the mapping from the graphical design to the
implementation of the real systems. An example of the graphical GUI of OPNET can be seen in
figure 1. We can see all the topology configuration and simulation results can be presented very
intuitively and visually. The parameters can also be adjusted and the experiments can be repeated
easily through easy operation through the GUI.
Figure1. OPNET GUI [OPNET]

OPNET is based on a mechanism called discrete event system which means that the system
behavior can simulate by modeling the events in the system in the order of the scenarios the user
2
WIRELESS NETWORKS
has set up. Hierarchical structure is used to organize the networks. As other network simulators,
OPNET also provides programming tools for users to define the packet format of the protocol.
The programming tools are also required to accomplish the tasks of defining the state transition
machine, defining network model and the process module.
As of all, OPNET is a popular simulator used in industry for network research and development.
The GUI interface and the programming tools are also useful to help the user to build the system
they want.
4.2 Main features

OPNET inherently has three main functions: modeling, simulating, and analysis. For modeling, it
provides intuitive graphical environment to create all kinds of models of protocols. For
simulating, it uses 3 different advanced simulations technologies and can be used to address a
wide range of studies. For analysis, the simulation results and data can be analyzed and displayed
very easily. User friendly graphs, charts, statistics, and even animation can be generated by
OPNET for users ' convenience.
According to the OPNET whitepaper, OPNETs detailed features include:
1. Fast discrete event simulation engine
2. Lot of component library with source code
3. Object-oriented modeling
4. Hierarchical modeling environment
5. Scalable wireless simulations support
6. 32-bit and 64-bit graphical user interface
7. Customizable wireless modeling
8. Discrete Event, Hybrid, and Analytical simulation
9. 32-bit and 64-bit parallel simulation kernel
10. Grid computing support
3
WIRELESS NETWORKS
11. Integrated, GUI-based debugging and analysis

12. Open interface for integrating external component libraries
OPNET supports four simulation technologies as

1. DISCRETE
EVENT SIMULATOR
2. FLOW ANALYSIS
3. ACEQUICKPREDICT
4. HYBRID SIMULATION
4.3 Recent development and its future

Recently, about at August 7, 2008, OPNET Technologies announced the addition of two major
application performance management capabilities. These capabilities include end-to-end
visibility into application performance for organizations using WAN optimization solutions and
the ability to capture and analyze Net Flow data.
OPNET recently upgrades its ACE Analyst software includes functionality and it is announced to
allow end-user organizations using Riverbed, Cisco, or Juniper WAN optimization appliances to
maintain end-to-end visibility into application performance while deploying WAN acceleration
solutions. OPNET also provides a module to collect and analyze Net Flow data.
Because of the consistent endeavor and operation of OPNET Inc., OPNET is becoming mature
and its product maintain a high acknowledge in the industry. Moreover, OPNET always keeps an
eye on the most recent users requirements and keeps improving their product which make it
very competitive compared with other commercial network simulators in the near expectable
future.
OMNeT++
OMNeT++ is also a public-source, component-based network simulator with GUI support. Its
primary application area is communication networks. OMNeT++ has generic and flexible
architecture which makes it successful also in other areas like the IT systems, queuing networks,
hardware architectures, or even business processes as well.
Overview
OMNeT++ is also a discrete event simulator. It is a component-based architecture. Components
are also called modules and are programmed in C++. The components are then assembled into
larger components and models by using a high-level language. OMNeT++ also provides GUI
4
WIRELESS NETWORKS
support, and due to its modular architecture, the simulation kernel can be embedded into all
kinds of different user s' applications. Figure 2 is an OMNeT++ GUI screenshot.
Figure2. OMNeT++ GUI
7.2 Main features

Since OMNeT++ is designed to provide a component-based architecture, the models or modules
of OMNeT++ are assembled from reusable components. Modules are reusable and can be
combined in various ways which is one of the main features of OMNeT++. The OMNeT++
components include:
1. Simulation kernel library
2. Compiler for the NED topology description language (nedc)
3. Graphical network editor for NED files ( GNED )
4. GUI for simulation execution, links into simulation executable ( Tkenv )
5. Command-line user interface for simulation execution ( Cmdenv )
6. Graphical output vector plotting tool ( Plove )
7. Graphical output scalars visualization tool ( Scalars )
8. Model documentation tool (opp_neddoc)
5
WIRELESS NETWORKS
9. Utilities (random number seed generation tool, make file creation tool, etc.)
10. Documentation, sample simulations, etc.
As the key feature of OMNeT++, the simulation kernel C++ class library consists of the
simulation kernel and utility classes which will be used to create simulation components. The
library also includes the infrastructure to assemble simulations from different components.
Besides these, there are also runtime user interfaces or environments for simulations, and tools to
facilitate and manage simulations. OMNeT++ can run on Linux, other Unix-like systems and on
Windows (XP, Win2K).
OMNeT++ represents a framework approach. It provides an infrastructure for writing different
simulations. Specific application areas' requirements are met by different simulation models and
frameworks, most of which are open sourced. More important, these models are developed
completely independently of OMNeT++, and follow their own release cycles. This is another
important feature of OMNeT++.
7.3 Recent developments and its future

Currently, OMNeT++ is popular in academia for its extensibility since it is also open sourced and
there are plentiful online documentations. There is also a mailing list for the general discussion.
OMNeT++ is being used in the academia as well as in industry. Several open source simulation
models have been published in the field of network simulations such as IP, IPv6, MPLS, mobility
and ad-hoc simulations.
For the future of OMNeT++, we need to note that OMNeT++ is not a network simulator itself.
Actually it is currently popular as a network simulation platform in the academia as well as in
industry, and build up a large user community. So we have the reason to believe that using
OMNeT++ as a basic platform but not an overall single solution. OMNeT++ can have greater
development if it could persuade more organizations to participate in and to contribute.
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Practical-2
AIM:Installation of opnet modller.
Introduction: OPNET simulator is a tool to simulate the behavior and
performance of any type of network. The main difference with other
simulators lies in its power and versatility. This simulator makes
possible working with OSI model, from layer 7 to the modification of
the most essential physical parameters.
Installation steps are:
Step 1.(A)Run modeler_14.5A---- you will see this warning (it shows
youre on the right way):
A compiler was found, but is not configured properly
Click yes button.
Step 2.Use this location to install OPNET: C:\OPNET (If youre going
to use another path REMEMBER to replace the C:\OPNET with the one
youve chosen in Step 4). Click Next.
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 3.Another Next!
Step 4.Select Standalone version and Click Next.
Step 5.Check all three boxes: ACE Capture files OPNET Model Files OPNET Project Files, and Click Next.
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 6.Click Install.
Step 7.Click Done.
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 8.(B)Run modeler_docs.

Step 9.Just go with Nexts.
Step 10.(C)Run models_14.5A_PL8.

3.2- Just go with Nexts.
10
WIRELESS NETWORKS
11
WIRELESS NETWORKS
PRACTICAL-3
AIM:-Wireless LAN Configuration using OPNET
STEP 1-Open OPNeT modeller 14.5.Click on File then New.
STEP 2-Click on Create empty scenario then Next
STEP 3-Select the Network Scale for which you want to build network
12
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 4-Specify the size of the network and click on Next
STEP 5- Select the technology for which you want to build the network
e.g. Wireless LAN advanced in this case
13
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 6-Click on Finish
STEP 7-Now drag and drop the models on the work screen
14
WIRELESS NETWORKS
15
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 9-Connect Ethernet routers and server with 100BaseT link model
16
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 10-Drag and drop application config and profile config of wireless
LAN advanced
17
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 11-Right click on Ethernet router and click on edit attributes then
click on Wireless LAN set BSS identifier as 1 for the first router and
repeat the same steps for second router but with BSS identifier as 2.Do
the same for all the workstations attached with the routers
18
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 12-Click on Protocols then Wireless LAN then configure PHY and
data rate
19
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 13-Right Click on Application Config then edit attributes and set
application definitions as default
STEP 14-Right Click on Profile Config and click on Edit attributes and
add the number of profiles you want to add
20
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 15-Assign student profile to 4 workstations and teacher profile to

the other 4 workstations by clicking on edit attributes
STEP 16-Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

Ethernet then Delay and Wireless LAN then Delay
21
WIRELESS NETWORKS
STEP 17-Click on Scenarios Then Manage Scenarios and select time

and collect results. Click on OK
PRACTICAL-4
22
WIRELESS NETWORKS
AIM:-ADHOC Based Network Configuration using OPNET

STEP 1-Repeat STEPS 1 to 6 from the previous practical
STEP 2- Drag and drop application config, profile config, Ethernet
workstation of wireless LAN advanced
Step 3- Right Click on Profile Config and click on Edit attributes and
23
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 4- Right Click on Application Config then edit attributes and set
24
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 5-Select workstations and assign same BSS identifier to all and
enable the access point functionality
25
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 5-Click on Application supported profiles and add the profiles
26
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 6- Click on Protocols then Wireless LAN then configure PHY and
data rate
27
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 7- Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

Step 8- Click on Scenarios Then Manage Scenarios and select time and
collect results. Click on OK
28
WIRELESS NETWORKS
PRACTICAL-5
AIM:-Infrastructure Based Network Configuration using OPNET
STEP 1-Repeat STEPS 1 to 6 from the previous practical

29
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 5-Select workstations and assign same BSS identifier to all and
disable the access point functionality
30
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 5Click on Application supported profiles and add the profiles
31
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 6-Drag and drop Ethernet router and right click on it then click on
edit attributes and disable the access point functionality
32
WIRELESS NETWORKS
33
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 7- Click on Protocols then Wireless LAN then configure PHY and
data ra
34
WIRELESS NETWORKS

St
ep 9- Click on Scenarios Then Manage Scenarios and select time and
35
WIRELESS NETWORKS
PRACTICAL-6
AIM:-To implement Cluster topology using ADHOC Based Network
Configuration.
STEP 1-Repeat STEPS 1 to 6 from practical 3
36
WIRELESS NETWORKS

37
WIRELESS NETWORKS
application definitions as default.
Step 5-Select workstations and assign same BSS identifier to one cluster
and enable the access point functionality Assign same profile to one
cluster and different profile to the other cluster
38
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 6-Click on Application supported profiles and add the profiles

39
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 8Click on Scenarios Then Manage Scenarios and select time and collect
results. Click on OK
PRACTICAL-7
40
WIRELESS NETWORKS
AIM:-To implement Cluster Topology using Infrastructure

Network.
STEP 1-Repeat STEPS 1 to 6 from practical 3.
workstation, Ethernet router of wireless LAN advanced
41
WIRELESS NETWORKS
add
the
number
of
profiles
you
want
to
add
42
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 5-Select workstations and assign same BSS identifier to one cluster
and give same profile
43
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Cl
ick on Application supported profiles and add the profile
Step 6-Assign different profile to the other cluster and also give different
BSS id
44
WIRELESS NETWORKS

Ethernet then Delay and Wireless LAN
45
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Step 8- Click on Scenarios Then Manage Scenarios and select time and
PRACTICAL-8
AIM:-To implement Star Topology using Opnet
STEP 1-1.Choose New from the File menu. 2. Select Project and click OK
Name the project _Token, and the scenario Balanced Click OK. 3. In the Startup
Wizard: Initial Topology dialog box, make sure that Create Empty Scenario is
selected Click Next Choose Office for the Network scale Click Next three
times Click OK. 4. Close the Object Palette and then save your project
STEP 2-Create the Network:

1. Select Topology Rapid Configuration. From the drop-down menu choose Star
and click OK.
2. Click the Select Models button in the Rapid Configuration dialog box. From the
Mod List drop-down menu choose Ethernet and click OK.
46
WIRELESS NETWORKS
3. In the Rapid Configuration dialog box set the following six values:
Center Node Model= ethernet16_hub, Periphery Node Model = Ethernet station,
Link Model = 10BaseT, Number =16, Y=50, and Radius = 49.67 Click OK. The
10BaseT link represents an Ethernet connection operating at 10Mbps.
47
WIRELESS NETWORKS
4. Now that the network has been created, it should look like the network below
Choose Statistics
To choose the statistics to be collected during the simulation:
1. Right-click anywhere in the project workspace and select Choose Individual
Statistics DES from the pop-up menu.
2. In the Choose Results dialog box, choose the following statistics:
48
WIRELESS NETWORKS
A. Ethernet Delay this represents the end-to-end delay of all packets received by
all the stations
B. Traffic Received (in packets/sec) by the traffic sinks across all nodes
Configure the Simulation

Here we need to configure the duration of the simulation:
1. Click on DES then Configure / Run Simulation then RUN.
2. Set the duration to be 2.0 minutes.
49
WIRELESS NETWORKS
50
WIRELESS NETWORKS
PRACTICAL-9
AIM:-To implement Token Ring using Opnet
STEP 1-1.Choose New from the File menu. 2. Select Project and click OK
Name the project _Token, and the scenario Balanced Click OK. 3. In the Startup
Wizard: Initial Topology dialog box, make sure that Create Empty Scenario is
selected Click Next Choose Office for the Network scale Click Next three
times Click OK. 4. Close the Object Palette and then save your project
STEP 2-Create the Network

To create our token ring network:
1. Select Topology Rapid Configuration. From the drop-down menu choose Star
and click OK.
2. Click the Select Models button in the Rapid Configuration dialog box. From the
Model List drop-down menu choose Ethernet and click OK.
51
WIRELESS NETWORKS
3. In the Rapid Configuration dialog box, set the following six values and click OK
4.Network is created and it should look like the following
52
WIRELESS NETWORKS
5.Save your project

Configure the Network Nodes
1. Right-click on any of the 14 nodes Select Similar Nodes. Now all nodes in the
network are selected.
2. Right-click on any of the 14 nodes Edit Attributes.
a. Check the Apply Changes to Selected Objects check box. This is important to
avoid reconfiguring each node individually.
The following figure shows the attributes we will change in steps 3 to 6:
53
WIRELESS NETWORKS
3. Click on the model value: tr_station and select Edit from the drop-down menu.
Now select tr_station_adv from the extended drop-down menu.
4. To test the network under different THT values, you need to promote the THT
parameter. This allows us to assign multiple values to the THT attribute.
a. Expand the Token Ring Parameters hierarchy. b. Right-click on the THT
Duration attribute Choose Promote Attribute to Higher Level.
5. Expand the Traffic Generation Parameters hierarchy Assign exponential
(100) to the ON State Time attribute Assign exponential (0) to the OFF State
Time attribute. (Note: Packets are generated only in the "ON" state.)
6. Expand the Packet Generation Arguments hierarchy Assign exponential
(0.025) to the Interarrival Time attribute.
7. Click OK to return back to the Project Editor. 8. Make sure to save your project.
54
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Configure the Simulation

1. Click on DES then Configure/Run Discrete Event Simulation.
2. Make sure that the Common tab is chosen Assign 5 minutes to the Duration
55
WIRELESS NETWORKS
3. Click on the Object Attributes tab Click the Add button.
4. As shown in the following Add Attribute dialog box, you need to add the THT
Duration attribute for all nodes. To do that: a. Add the unresolved attribute: Office
Network.*.Token Ring Parameters [0].THT Duration by clicking on the
corresponding cell under the Add? column Click OK
5. Now you should see the Office Network.*.Token Ring Parameters[0].THT
Duration in the list of simulation object attributes (widen the Attribute column to
see the full name of the attribute). Click on that attribute Click the Values
button, as shown below.
6. Add the following six values. (Note: To add the first value, double-click on the
first cell in the Value column Type 0.01 into the textbox and hit enter. Repeat
56
WIRELESS NETWORKS
this for all six values.)
7. Click On Run
57
WIRELESS NETWORKS
58

RDbms

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

RDbms

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

WIRELESS NETWORKS

Network simulators name

NS2, NS3, OMNeT++, SSFNet, J-Sim

Figure1. OPNET GUI [OPNET]

4.2 Main features

11. Integrated, GUI-based debugging and analysis

OPNET supports four simulation technologies as

4.3 Recent development and its future

Figure2. OMNeT++ GUI

7.2 Main features

7.3 Recent developments and its future

Step 3.Another Next!

Step 4.Select Standalone version and Click Next.

Step 6.Click Install.

Step 7.Click Done.

Step 8.(B)Run modeler_docs.

Step 10.(C)Run models_14.5A_PL8.

STEP 2-Click on Create empty scenario then Next

STEP 4-Specify the size of the network and click on Next

STEP 6-Click on Finish

STEP 15-Assign student profile to 4 workstations and teacher profile to

STEP 16-Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

STEP 17-Click on Scenarios Then Manage Scenarios and select time

AIM:-ADHOC Based Network Configuration using OPNET

Step 5-Click on Application supported profiles and add the profiles

Step 7- Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

STEP 1-Repeat STEPS 1 to 6 from the previous practical

Step 5Click on Application supported profiles and add the profiles

Step 8- Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

collect results. Click on OK

STEP 1-Repeat STEPS 1 to 6 from practical 3

STEP 2- Drag and drop application config, profile config, Ethernet

Step 6-Click on Application supported profiles and add the profiles

Step 7- Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

AIM:-To implement Cluster Topology using Infrastructure

Step 7- Click on DES and choose individual statistics .Then click on

STEP 2-Create the Network:

Configure the Simulation

STEP 2-Create the Network

4.Network is created and it should look like the following

5.Save your project

Configure the Simulation

3. Click on the Object Attributes tab Click the Add button.

this for all six values.)

Você também pode gostar