Escolar Documentos
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Solid Waste
Masturi1,2), Anggi Puspita Swardhani1), Euis Sustini1), Minsyahril Bukit1), Mora1),
Khairurrijal1), and Mikrajuddin Abdullah1,*)
1
Abstract. The issue of waste problems needs innovative efforts to solve. One of them is solid waste utilization as
nanocomposite using polyurethane (PU) polymer as matrix. Beside using solid waste as filler, nanosilica is also added to
improve the material strength of composite-produced. These materials were mixed by simple mixing with variative
compositions, and then hot-pressed at 30 MPa and 100C for 30 minutes. From compressive strength test, it was found
that composite with composition 2:8 of PU and solid waste has optimum compressive strength, i.e. 160 MPa. Into this
optimum composition, nanosilica then is added to improve the compressive strength and found that at composition
1:40:160 of nanosilica, PU and solid waste, the composite has optimum compressive strength 200 MPa, or increases
25% of that without nanosilica. The composite-produced is also lightweight material with the density is 0.69 g/cm3.
Keywords: composite, polyurethane, nanosilica, solid waste, compressive strength.
INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of solid waste unbalanced
with the decomposition needs more creative and
innovative utilization efforts. One of them is
processing to be composite material competes the
woods. It is very prospective effort and has high
strategic advantages. In one side it becomes solution of
solid waste problem and other side, it can reduce
woods usage so that it can contribute in environment
conservation. Some research related this have been
done, such as leaf-waste composite using epoxy resin
and nanosilica1, agriculture waste composite using
silica2 and paper and leaf waste composite using
polyvinyl acetate resin and nanosilica 3.
One of the polymers often be used as matrix
is polyurethane (PU). It is made by combining polyol
and diisocyanate in certain composition4. PU is
thermoplastic polymer with excellent strength, so that
it has been used as composite matrix, especially to
produce composite with excellent strength, such as in
organoclay
nanocomposite5,
Portland
cement
carbon
fiber-interlayered
fabric
59
EXPERIMENT
Materials
Mixing Method
The mixing method in this work is simple
mixing. First, the dried-solid waste was crushed by
blender machine. Otherwise, PU was deliberated, then
dissolved into 8 mL of water and stired spread-evenly
by magnetic stirer for 15 minutes in temperature 50C.
Finally, the crushed-solid waste was mixed into PUwater mixture. In this work, PU mass was varied (1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 grams), while solid waste was kept at 8
grams (Table 1) to obtain a composition in which the
compressive strength is optimum.
F
A
(1)
m.g
s2
(2)
mixtures
Sample
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
(g)
1
2
3
4
5
PU
(% w/w)
11.1
20.0
27.3
33.3
38.5
Solid waste
(g)
(% w/w)
8
88.9
8
80.0
8
72.7
8
67.7
8
61.5
Sample
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
136
160
100
102
58
Addition of Nanosilica
Into the optimum composition of PU and
solid waste above, then nanosilica was added to
improve the strength of composite-produced. The
method was done by varying nanosilica mass and
keeping constantly PU-solid waste composition. Then
the samples were pressed with same procedure as
before. Finally, they were characterized by
Discussion
Prior to PU presence, solid waste composite
with high porosity is brittle and easy-broken material.
60
Mass of
nanosilica (g)
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
Compressive
strength (MPa)
191
200
174
174
163
Density
(g/cm3)
0.66
0.69
0.54
0.69
0.77
61
rials24
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Materials
Hard brick
Light brick
Sandstone
Slate
Trap rock
Granite
Limestone
Portland concrete
Common brickwork
Best brickwork
Compressive
strength (MPa)
80
7
60
95
140
130
60
7
7
14
Conclusion
By simple mixing method and hot-pressing
proccess at 30 MPa and 100C, solid waste (paper and
leaf waste) with polyurethane (PU) as the matrix can
be processed as a high strength composite. The
composition 2:8 of PU and solid-waste produces composite with compressive strength 160 MPa. To
improve the compressive strength-produced, nanosilica is added as filler and obtained that composition
1:40:160 of nanosilica, PU and solid waste produces
optimum compressive strength 200 MPa. The nanosilica presence can improve compressive strength of
composite up to 25%. Beside high strength, nanocomposite-produced is very lightweight with the density is
0.69 g/cm3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was funded by Dana Bantuan
Tugas Akhir Reseach Grant 2010 from the Province
Government of West Java, Indonesia.
62
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