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The electronic dot & cross Lewis diagram for the ionic bonding in calcium chlori
de
The two outer electrons of the calcium atoms (2.8.8.2) are transferred to the ou
ter shell of two chlorine atoms (2.8.7) until it has a complete octet shell of o
uter electrons, just like a noble gas (2.8.8). At the same time, the calcium ion
also attains a stable noble gas electron structure (2.8.8). The blue circle rep
resents the nucleus.
Gp2\7 F
Mg
MgF2
Ca
CaF2
Sr
SrF2
Ba
BaF2
All the formula
ium chloride or
Cl
Br
I
MgCl2 MgBr2 MgI2
CaCl2 CaBr2 CaI2
SrCl2 SrBr2 SrI2
BaCl2 BaBr2 BaI2
highlighted in yellow can be described in the same way as magnes
calcium chloride
The Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metal atom loses two electrons to form a doubly charg
ed positive ion
The Group 7 Halogen atom gains one electron to form a singly charged negative io
n
full electronic structure diagram of aluminium fluoride, the blue circle represe
nts the nucleus.
The electronic dot & cross Lewis diagram for the ionic bonding in aluminium fluo
ride
Solid aluminium chloride/bromide/iodide have similar formula but are covalent wh
en vapourised into Al2X6 dimer molecules, but AlCl3 has an ionic lattice in the
solid, not sure on solid AlBr3 and AlI3, but these points are best left for an a
dvanced AS A2 chemistry discussion, not for GCSE students!