Spatial A-Jour knitted Structure

Specialty Knitting
(After Mid)

National Textile University,

Faisalabad

What are they???

Spatial refers to space

Those knitted structures which contains space

Introduction
These spatial products are manufactured in
the form distance knitted fabrics built of two
external layers and one internal layer
These fabrics are next stage of spacer fabrics

Manufacturing
Made on warp knitting machine
Having two or more needle bars
Thickness or space depends upon distance between
needle bars
Its external layers are of plain warp knit stitches
Internal layers have threads or multifilament yarns and
connecting link of the opposite loops of external layers
of distance knitted fabrics stitches.
The thickness of the external layers depends on the
linear density of threads used, as well as on the
number of component stitches.
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Manufacturing
The internal layer is formed by introducing threads
between the external walls, therefore the number
of opposite arrangements of external layers
determines the maximum number of thread
configurations of the internal layer.
The inner layer may also be formed as only one
configuration of threads. There is also a possibility
that in both arrangements, the I-I and II-II, threads
are not introduced to the internal layer.
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Knitting concept with 4 needle bars

Geometry of fabrics
The geometry of the knitted solid is strictly
defined by the number of external layers.
Two different structures can be distinguished
in the construction of spatial knitted products:
open and closed

Distance and Spatial warp knitting

Geometry of fabrics
Spatial knitted solids can have basic
geometrical figures with triangles, tetragons
or polygons of their cross section or base.
They may also take the form of more complex
figures, creating solids in the form of spatial
reliefs and elements like channel bars, T-bars
or double T-bars, Triangular Cross sections, Cbar, Solid in the form of spatial arc.
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Geometry of fabrics
Spatial warp-knitted fabrics in the form of
regular prisms similar to a cylinder and spatial
arc can be produced.
Spatial warp-knitted structures are currently
manufactured on new, multi-needle comb
warp knitting machines.
There are two types of such warp-knitting
machines those with an even number of
needle combs and those with an odd number
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Geometry of fabrics
Additionally, the machines are equipped with
individually controlled needle boards which
close the edges of the spatial knitted fabrics
formed.
The warp knitting machines are also equipped
with a take-up device, which does not deform
the ready-made product when receiving it

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Modelling
Hi-tech computer software ProCAD warpknitt 5
is used for modelling the spatial architecture of
external and internal layers of a knitted solid.

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Novelty in Fabrics
They are made in two or more regular or irregular
external layers & having at least one internal layer

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Cont.
The external layers are built of warp knitted
plain stitch fabrics.
Whereas the internal layer consists of thread
segments running between the external
layers.

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Property
In Spatial fabrics, the free spaces created not only
decrease the mass of the product but are also
technological openings through which, for example,
electric wiring can be led in the building beam

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Cont
An a-jour structure guarantees a small mass
and low coefficient of the volumetric feeling
of the internal layers, therefore less raw
material is used than in the case of fully filled
structures

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Engineered Properties
In order to reduce the surface mass of a knitted fabric in
the case of threads of considerable thickness, yarns of a
channel (hollow) structure can be used.
A slightly different structure is presented by a woven-like
warp-knitted fabric of increased longitudinal and
transverse strength.
In this design the number of vertical weft threads placed
in the area of one needle pitch was increased.
Furthermore horizontal weft threads were introduced into
the structure across the whole width of the product.

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Engineered Properties

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Application
After being hardened the composites of spatial
fabrics are used as ready made composite for
building and industry
Frameworks can be made as elements of
machines and devices.
Spatial reinforcement for fibrous composites,
applied in lightweight yet high-strength
engineering structures of various types
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Competitive
Because they are light and at the same time
highly resistant, they can be competitive
towards traditional wooden, steel or concrete
products
Even can Replace them in the Future??????

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