EMM 3243

VIBRATION LAB REPORT 1

Mass-Spring-Damper System of Single Degree
of Freedom using Cantilever Beam
NAME: SYED IZZUDDIN AL-HADY BIN SYED MOHAMMED AL-HADY
MATRIC NO. : 2130052
GROUP MEMBER:
1)
2)
3)
4)

MUHAMMAD (2130047)
MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN ARIFFIN (2130051)
MAATHIVARMAN A/L ANBARASEN (2130054)
PKDT SYAHIDATUNNUR BINTI SEMAON TUDM (2130082)

LECTURER: DR. KHISBULLAH HUDHA

TITLE
Mass-spring-damper system of single degree of freedom using
cantilever beam.
ABSTRACT
Vibration is characterized as tedious movement of an object with
respect to a stationary point casing of reference or balance position. In this
test, the thing that we are interested is the relation between single degree of
freedom and free response framework. To examine the normal for the single
degree of freedom of spring-mass-damper framework and to decide spring
stiffness and damping coefficient estimation of the single degree of freedom
framework, the main goal of the test was to create the numerical model for
it. Referring to the Newtons second law we can see that the single degree of
freedom and free response framework was spoken to utilize one mass, one
spring and one damper and displayed utilizing. The impact of mass on the
normal recurrence and damping proportion were affected by the mass of the
framework that act as manipulated variable. Contrasting all the charts of
displacement versus time, it was demonstrated that the pattern of the charts
were sinusoidal wave where displacement diminish exponentially with time
and in the long run go to a stop where zero movement happen. The quantity
of wave in the diagram was affected by the spring stiffness while the ideal
opportunity for a framework to come to zero movement was affected by
damping coefficient. In this investigation, spring stiffness and damping
coefficient stay steady. The main variable that was manipulated was the
mass. The benefit of spring stiffness and damping coefficient can be acquired
by tuning the parameters in the scientific model. The estimation of spring
solidness is 150 N/m while the benefit of damping coefficient is 1.15 Ns/m.
The mass do impact the quantity of sinusoidal wave in the chart and time for
framework to grind to a halt. At the point when mass build, the quantity of
sinusoidal wave diminishing and time for framework to grind to a halt
decline. This demonstrates the regular recurrence and damping proportion
diminish. Regular recurrence and damping proportion are contrarily relative
to mass.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the behavior of mass-spring-damper system using single
degree of freedom system.
SCOPE
1. To develop mathematical model of single degree of freedom of massspring-damper system.
2. To analyze the characteristic of the single degree of freedom of massspring-damper system.

3. To obtain a suitable spring stiffness and damping coefficient value for

single degree of freedom mass-spring-damper system.
INTRODUCTION
Vibration happens all over the place in our day by day life. The
example of vibration includes ride nature of a car and cruiser. This has been
characterized as monotonous movement of an article in respect to a
stationary point edge of reference or balance position. Keeping in mind the
end goal to examine vibration effortlessly, vibration is grouped by degree of
freedom and nature of information or jolt to the framework. The base
number of displacement facilitates expected to speak to the position of mass
in the framework is called degree of freedom. The least complex conceivable
model to portray the displacement directions of mass in a framework is
model of single degree of freedom. After decide the quantity of degree of
freedom, nature of info or boost to the framework will be decide. Nature of
info can be classified into free response, consonant information and general
constraining capacity. Free response refers to analyze the vibration of the
framework coming about because of non-zero starting displacement and/or
non-zero speed of the framework with no external force or minute connected.
To create essential comprehension of vibration framework, single degree of
freedom and free response framework will be talked about in this trial.
Spring-mass-damper framework is the model of all vibrating or oscillation
system. The single degree of freedom and free response framework can be
spoken to by utilizing one mass, one spring and one damper. The
configuration is shown below.

To model this single degree of freedom and free response system, by

drawing out the free body diagram and using Newtons second law of
motion, where F = ma,

The equation form is () + () + () = 0 where

= mass of the system,
= acceleration,
= damping coefficient,
= velocity,
= spring stiffness,
= displacement.
In order to assure that an accurate dynamic model can be obtain,
experimental approach must be carry out to prove the accuracy of analytical
model described above.
THEORY
For this test, a steel ruler was used as the spring in the spring-mass-damper
system. Stiffness, damping coefficient, natural frequency, damping ratio are
to be determined.

For transverse vibration that happened at the edge of the ruler, the stiffness
of the ruler can be obtained by using the equation
k=

3 EI
L3

In order to determine the above equation, it requires the use of MATLAB

software that was installed in the laptop. The equation form from single
degree of freedom and free response system is,
() + () + () = 0, x(0)= x0, v(0) = v0,
Let x1 = (), x2 = (),

The new equation form is

x 2 ( t )=

c
k
x 2 ( t ) x 1 (t)
m
m

By tuning the parameters with respect to the experimental result, the

value of stiffness and damping coefficient can be determined. To get the
value of natural frequency, , and damping ratio, ,
n=

k
m

c
2 m n

APPARATUS
Computer with DasyLAB, MATLAB, and Simulink software, MCC DAQ USB
connector, accelerator, G-clamp, steel ruler, mass holder, 1 mass of 100 g
and 2 mass of 50 g.

PROCEDURE
1. The apparatus was set up as shown in the figure below.

2. A laptop with all the programs above was switched on.

3. DasyLAB was activated and the program was calibrated by using
multimeter.
4. The MCC DAQ USB connector was connected to the laptop.
5. A steel ruler was clamped at the edge of the table by using G-clamp.
The distance from the edge of table to the mass holder is 10 cm.

6. A mass of 100 g was inserted to the mass holder.

7. Accelerometer was attached to the bottom of the mass holder, which
now contains the mass of 100 g and then connected to the MCC DAQ.
8. The mass holder was pulled down until the displacement of the
bending is 3 cm.
9. The play button in DasyLAB was pressed as soon the release of the
mass holder. The data of acceleration was recorded.
10.
When the vibration stopped, stop the running software.
11.
All the data that were recorded in DesyLAB will be presented in
scatter plot with the help of MATLAB software.
12.
Step 1 to 11 was repeated by adding up 50 g to the mass holder
until the mass is 200 g in total.

SAMPLES OF CALCULATION
To obtain filtered graph of acceleration versus time, Simulink in MATLAB was
created. The data of acceleration obtained in the experiment was set as the
input. By using high pass filter of filter order 8 and pass band edge frequency
of 30 rad/s in analog filter, filtered graph of acceleration can be obtained by
viewing it in Scope 2. To obtain experimental graph of displacement versus
time, again, the Simulink is used. The data of acceleration was filtered and
integrated twice before entering into Scope 1. The data of displacement were
obtained after two times of integration and can be view in Scope 1. To obtain
theoretical graph of displacement versus time,
() + () + () = 0
Let x1 = (), x2 = (),
For mass of 100 g,

x(0)= x0, v(0) = v0,

x 2 ( t )=

c
k
x 2 ( t ) x 1 (t)
m
m

By entering the equation into an M-file in MATLAB, where the first

guess is k = 100 N/m and c = 0.105 Ns/m, Then, to generate the graph, go
to the command window and enter the code. The Graph of Displacement
versus Time of Mass 100 g is generated. Alternative approach will be using
Simulink. When the appropriate value of spring stiffness and damping
coefficient were entered in the equation, the theoretical graph that have the
same trend and value of experimental graph can be obtained. The value of
spring stiffness, k, and damping coefficient, c can be obtained by tuning the
n
value in the equation of M-file. To obtain natural frequency,
n=

k
m

For mass 100 g,

n=

k
m

= 31.62rad/s

To obtain damping ratio, ,

=

c
2 m n

For mass of 100 g,

=

c
2 m n

= 0.0166