CHEMISTRY

SYLLABUS FOR 2011-12

Weightage of Marks
1.

Some basic concepts of Chemistry

2.

Structure of an atom

3.

Classification of an element

4.

States of Matter

5.

Chemical Bonding

6.

Thermodynamics

7.

Equilibrium

8.

Redox Reaction

9.

Hydrogen

10. s-block elements

11. p-block elements

12. Organic chemistry some basic concepts

13. Hydrocarbons

14. Environmental Chemistry

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 143 ]

Chapter 1 : Some Basic Concepts

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

The number of molecule in 16 g of methane is :

30
. 10 23

(b) 6022
.
10 23

(c) 16 / 6022
.
10 23

(d) 16 / 30
. 10 23

(a)

2.

The maximum amount of BaSO 4 precipitated on mixing BaCl 2 (0.5 M) with H 2SO 4 (1 M) will
correspond to :
(a) 0.05 M
(b) 0.5 M
(c) 1.0 M
(d) 2.0 M

3.

What is the number of significant figures in 1 050 10 4 ?

4.
5.
6.
7.

What is AZT ? To which use is it being put ?

What is the S.I. unit of molarity ?
Briefly explain the difference between precision and accuracy.
Why atomic mass is an average value ? Explain with a suitable example.

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

14.

Nitrogen forms a number of oxides. Write their formulae and give their names. Give appropriate
calculations, explain the law that follows from it ?
Why do we regard the gaseous state of water as vapours while that of ammonia as gas ?
The percentages of all the elements present in a compound are 92. What does it indicate ?
What is the difference between molarity and molality ?
What is the difference between the mass of a molecule and molecular mass ?
A compound made up of two elements A and B has A = 70%, B = 30%. Their relative number of
moles in the compound are 1.25 and 1.88. Calculate :
(a) Atomic masses of the elements A and B.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound, if its molecular mass is found to be 160.
A 25 cm 3 of 0.2 M solution metal chloride (MCl x ) reacted with 150 cm 3 of 0.1 M AgNO 3 solution
completely to form the precipitate of AgCl. What is the formula of metal chloride ?

Long Answer Questions

15.

16.

Commercially available concentrated hydrochloric acid contains 38% HCl by mass.

(a) What is the molarity of the solution if its density if 1.19 g cm -3 ?
(b) What volume of concentrated HCl is needed to make 1.0 L of 0.2 M HCl solution ?
Calculate the volume of 1.0 M of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide that is neutralised by
200 mL of 2.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid and the mass of sodium chloride produced.

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17.

A 2g mixture of Na 2CO 3 and K 2CO 3 was dissolved in water to form 100 cm 3 of the solution. 20

18.
19.

cm 3 of this solution required 40 cm 3 of 0.1 N HCl solution for neutralisation. Calculate the
percentage composition of the mixture.
How many millilitres of 0.5 M H 2SO 4 are needed to dissolve 0.5 g of copper carbonate ?
One litre of a solution of N/2 HCl was heated in beaker and it was observed that when the volume
of solution got reduced to 600 mL, 3.25 g of HCl was lost. Calculate the normality of the
resulting solution.

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 145 ]

Chapter 2 : Structure of Atom

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

As the nuclear charge increases

(a) increase
(c) increase very slowly
The de-Broglie wavelength of a

from neon o calcium, the orbitals energies :

(b) increase very rapidly
(d) energy remains constant
particle with mass 1 g and velocity 100 m/s is :

(a)

663
. 10 -33 m

(b) 663
. 10 -34 m

(c)

663
. 10 -35 m

(d) 663
. 10 -36 m

Define an (i) Isotope, (ii) Isobar and (iii) Isotone.

The frequency of the strong yellow line in the spectrum of Na is 509
. 1014 /s. Calculate the
wavelength of the light in manometer.
Which quantum number determines (i) energy of electrons, (ii) orientation of orbital ?
Why is 4s orbital filled before 3d orbital ?
How many unpaired electrons are present in N(7) ? Name the principle which explains the
presence of these unpaired electrons.

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Explain how can you say electrons and protons are fundamental particles of all the atoms ?
Describe Rutherfords model of atom.
Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of an electron travelling with a speed equal to 10% of the speed
of light.
Write short note on Plancks quantum theory.
Calculate the energy per proton associated with the following radiations :
(a)

Radiations of frequency 3 1015 /s

(b) Radiation of wavelength = 40 nm

(h = 662
. 10 -34 Js; c = 3 10 8 m/s)

Long Answer Questions

13.
14.
15.

Give main achievements of Bohrs model of atom.

Explain why atoms half filled and completely filled orbitals have extra stability.
What is meant by dual nature of electron ? Calculate the wavelength of an electron having mass
91
. 10 -31 kg and kinetic energy 455
. 10 -25 kJ.

16.

(a)
(b)

Write the electronic configuration of Cu + ion (Z=29).

Compare the energies of the two radiations with wavelength 6000 and 4000 .

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[ 146 ]

(c)
17.

Which one of the following is not possible and why :

2s, 2d, 4f, 5p
Nitrogen laser produces a radiation at a wavelength of 337.1 nm. If the number of photons
emitted is 56
. 10 24 , calculate the power of this laser.

18.
19.

What were the main points of Electromagnetic wave theory ? What were its limitations ? How
have these been overcome by Plancks quantum theory ?
Write a short note on the following :
(a) Solar spectrum or continuous spectrum
(b) Atomic spectra or line spectra

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 147 ]

Chapter 3 : Classification of Elements

and Periodicity in Properties
Very Short Answer Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

What is meant by periodicity of properties ?

Why do elements with similar properties occur in the same group ?
With which quantum numbers does every period in periodic table begin ?
To which series do man made elements belong to ?
How do the basic character and solubility in water vary from Be(OH) 2 to Ba(OH) 2 ?
Out of Na and Mg, which has higher second ionisation energy ?

7.

Atomic number (Z) of an element is 108. Write its electronic configuration and name the group
to which it belongs.
Anything that influences the valence electrons will affect the chemistry of the following factors
does not affect the valence shell :
(a) Valence principal quantum number (n)
(b) Nuclear charge (Z)
(c) Nuclear mass
(d) Number of core electrons
Considering the elements F, Cl, O and N the correct order of their chemical reactivity in terms of
oxidizing property is :
(a) F > Cl > O > N
(b) F > O > Cl > N
(c) Cl > F > O > N
(d) O > F > N > Cl

8.

9.

Short Answer Questions

10.

11.

12.
13.

Arrange the following in increasing order :

(a) BeCO 3 , BaCO 3 , CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 (Thermal stability)
(b) BeCl 2 , BaCl 2 , SrCl 2 , CaCl 2 (Ionic character)
the first (IE1 ) and second (IE 2 ) ionisation energy (Kj/mol) of a new element designated by roman
numerical are shown below :
IE1
IE 2
I
2372
5251
II
520
7300
III
900
1760
IV
1680
3380
Give four characteristics of d-block elements ?
Explain why ionisation enthalpies decreases down the group of the periodic table ?

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14.

Among the elements B, Al, C and Si :

(a) Which has the highest first ionisation enthalpy ?
(b) Which has most negative electron gain enthalpy ?
(c) Which has the largest atomic radius ?
(d) Which has the most metallic character ?

Long Answer Questions

15.

(a)

16.

(b)
(c)
(a)

17.

(b)
(a)

Explain the second ionization energy of B is significantly higher than second ionization
energy of C, even though the first ionisation energy of B is less than B.
Which has higher electron affinity F or Cl ? Why ?
Why noble gases having positive electron gain enthalpy ?
The element 119 has not been discovered. What would be IUPAC name and symbol for this
element ? On the basis of periodic table, predict the electronic configuration of this
element and also the formula of its most stable chloride and oxide.
Define electro negativity.
Predict the position of the element in the periodic table satisfying the electronic
configuration ( n - 1) d 1 ns 2 when n = 4.

Name the species which is isoelectronic with Cl - .

(c) Why f block elements are placed in a separate row at the bottom of periodic table ?
(d) I.E. of nitrogen is greater than oxygen.
(e) Write general electronic configuration of inner transition elements.
Predict the formulas of the stable binary compounds that would be formed by the combination of
the following pairs of elements.
(a) Lithium and Oxygen
(b) Magnesium and Nitrogen
(c) Aluminium and Iodine
(d) Silicon and Oxygen
(e) Phosphorus and Fluorine
(a) Which is largest in size Cu + , Cu 2+, Cu and why ?
(b)

18.

19.

(b)
(c)
(d)

Which element in periodic table has highest I.E. ?

Which element is more metallic Mg or Al and why ?
Give advantages of long form of periodic table.

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 149 ]

Chapter 4 : States of Matter

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

At constant volume for a fixed number of moles of a gas, the pressure of the gas increases with
rise of temperature due to :
(a) Increase in average molecular speed
(b) Increased rate of collision amongst molecules
(c) Increase in molecular attraction
(d) Decrease in mean free path.
Which of the following exhibits the weakest intermolecular forces ?
(a) NH 3
(b) HCl
(c) He
(d) H 2O
How is molar mass of gas related to rate of diffusion ?
Why is moist air lighter than dry air ?
What is the effect of temperature on viscosity and why ?
Under what conditions of T and P, most of gases deviate from ideal gas behaviour ?
State and explain Daltons law of partial pressure. Prove that partial pressure of a gas is equal to
the product of its mole fraction and total pressure in gaseous ?

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.

10.

11.

12.

Explain the physical significance of vander Waals parameters.

The drain cleaner, Drainex contains small bits of aluminium which react with caustic soda to
produce dihydrogen. What volume of dihydrogen at 20C and 1 bar will be released when 0.15 g
of aluminium reacts ? [Atomic mass of Al is 27 g/mol]
Butane gas is burnt in oxygen to give CO 2 and H 2O .5 L of C 4 H10 is burnt in excess of O 2 at 27C
and 1 atm. Calculate the volume of CO 2 formed at same temperature and pressure. Also
calculate volume of CO 2 at 67C and 2 atm pressure.
What will happen to volume of fixed amount of gas at a certain T and P if :
(a) T is kept constant but pressure is decreased to 1/4th of the original value ?
(b) Pressure is halved and temperature in Kelvin is doubled ?
(a) Why is Boyles law is obeyed by N 2 , O 2 and CO 2 only at low pressure and high
temperature ?
(b) Compare the rate of diffusion of HCl and NH 4 (Atomic Masses of H = 1u, Cl = 35.5 u, N =
14 u )

Long Answer Questions

13.

Give various postulates of kinetic theory of gases.

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14.

Calculate the total pressure in a mixture of 8 g of dioxygen and and 4 g of dihydrogen confined in

15.

a vessels of 1 dm 3 at 27C. (R = 0.083 bar dm 3 /Kmol)

Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.00 mol of CO 2 (g) at 298 K that occupies 65.4 ml using van
der Waals equations.
a for CO 2 is 3.592 L2 bar/mol 2 , b = 0.0427 L/mol.

16.

17.
18.
19.

Compare it with the pressure predicted by ideal gas equation for same conditions of T and P ?
Account for the following :
(a) The size of weather balloon becomes larger and larger as it ascends up into higher
altitudes.
(b) Copper is malleable and ductile while sulphur is not.
What will be the pressure excited by a mixture of 3.2 g of methane and 4.4 g of carbon dioxide
contained in a 9 dm 3 flask at 27C ?
N 2O and CO 2 have the same rate of diffusion under same conditions of temperature and
pressure. Why ?
Discuss the nature of the gas constant R. Derive its value in terms of different units.

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 151 ]

Chapter 5 : Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

2.

NH 3 and BF3 form adduct readily because they form :

(a) Ionic bond
(b) Covalent bond
(c) Co-Ordinate bond
(d) Hydrogen bond
The ion which is iso-electronic with CO is :
(a)

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

CN -

(b) O -2

(c) N +2

(d) O +2

Name two conditions which must be satisfied for hydrogen bonding to take place in a molecule.
What is valence bond approach for the formation of covalent bond and a coordinate bond ?
Define the term bond order and find the bond order of O 2 .
Give the structure of sulphur tetra fluoride.
With what neutral molecule is ClO - isoelectronic ?

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.
14.

Define lattice energy. On what factors doe sit depend ? How does it help to predict the stability
of the ionic compound formed ?
What are sigma and pi bonds ? Explain the difference ways of their formation diagrammatically.
Which one of them is stronger and why ?
Explain why carbon has a valency of four and not two and why are the four CH bonds in
methane identical ?
The boiling and melting points of water are abnormally higher than those of other hydrides of
group 16 of the periodic table. Give reasons.
Discuss the shapes of molecules orbitals formed by the combination of the following atomic
orbitals :
(a) 2p x + 2p x
(b) 2p z + 2p z
Using VSEPR theory, draw the molecular structure of OSF4 and XeF4 indicating the location of
lone pair (s) of electrons and hybridisation of central atoms.
Which of the following species has the shortest bond length ?
NO, NO + , NO 2+ , NO -

Long Answer Questions

15.
16.

Explain the formation of covalent bond on the basis of (a) Lewis concept (b) Valence Bond
Theory taking at least three examples in each case.
What is Resonance ? Explain with a suitable example. Define resonance energy.

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[ 152 ]

17.
18.

19.

What are bonding and anti bonding molecular orbitals ? Describe LCAO method for their
formation. What are the important characteristics in each case ?
(a) Briefly explain Kossel-Lewis approach of chemical bonding.
(b) NaCl is a better conductor of electricity in a molten condition than in the solid state.
Explain.
(c) Which of the following hydrogen halides has the most polar molecules and why ?
HI, HBr, HCl, HF
(a) Define dipole moment. Draw dipole diagram of H 2O and BF3 .
(b) Explain the term hybridization taking the example of methane.'

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 153 ]

Chapter 6 : Thermodynamics
Very Short Answer Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

Under what conditions DH and DU are equal ?

The heat of combustion of H 2 (g) at constant pressure and 300 K is 280 Kj mol -1. What will be
heat of combustion at constant volume and at 300 K ?
What is the limitation of first law of thermodynamics ?
What is the value of DG when ice and water are in equilibrium ?
How does TDS determine the spontaneity of process ?
A reaction A + B C + D + q is found to have a positive entropy change. The reaction will
be :
(a) Possible at high temperature
(b) Possible at any temperature
(c) Not possible at any temperature
(d) Possible only at low temperature
The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are :
(a) Unity
(b) Zero
(c) < 0
(d) Different for each element

Short Answer Questions

8.

9.

Calculate the heat of combustion of glucose from the following data :

C (graphite) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g); DH = - 395.0 K
H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) H 2O (g); DH = 269.4K
6C (graphite) + 6H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) C 6 H12O 6 (s); DH = - 1169.8 K
A swimmer coming out from a pool is covered with a film of water weighing about 18g. How
much heat must be supplied to evaporate this water at 298 K ? Calculate the internal energy of
vaporisation at 100C. D vap H for water at 373 = 40.66 Kjmol -1.

10.

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 10. What will be the value of DG ?
R = 8.314 JK -1 mol -1, T = 300 K

11.

For oxidation of iron :

4Fe(s) + 3O 2 (g) 2Fe 2O 3 (s)
Entropy change is - 549 JK -1 mol -1 at 298 K. Inspite of n of this reaction, why is the reaction
spontaneous ? DH for this reaction is = - 1648 10 3 J/mol)

12.

For the reaction at 298 K

2A + B C

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DH = 400 KJ mol -1 and DS = 0.2 KJ K -1 mol -1

13.

At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering DH and DS to be constant
over the temperature range ?
Acetic acid and hydrochloric acid react with KOH solution. The enthalpy of neutralization of
acetic acid is - 558
. kJ mol -1. While of hydrochloric acid is acid is - 573
. Kj mol -1. Why ?

14.

For the equilibrium, PCl 5 (g) = PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g) at 298 K.

K = 1.8 10 -7 Calculate DG for the reaction (R = 8.31 JK -1 mol -1)

Long Answer Questions

15.

(a)

(b)

Define standard enthalpy of formation. Explain why the enthalpy changes for the reaction
given below are not enthalpies of formation of CaCO 3 and HBr.
(i)

CaO (s) + CO 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s)

D r H = - 178.3 KJmol -1

(ii)

H 2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2HBr (g)

D r H = - 72.8 KJmol -1

Calculate the standard enthalpy change ( D r H ) and standard internal energy change (D r U )
for the following reaction at 300K ?
OF2 (g) + H 2O (g) O 2 (g) + 2HF (g)
Standard enthalpy of formation ( D f H ) of various species are given as below :
D f H KJ/mol; OF2 (g) = 23.0, H 2 O (g) = - 241.8; HF (g) = - 268.8; HF (g) = 268.8;
R = 8.31 J K -1 mol -1)

16.

(a)
(b)

17.

(a)
(b)
(c)

18.

(a)
(b)

State first law of thermodynamics. Heat (q) and work done (w) individually are not state
functions but their sum is always a state function. Explain why ?
Use the bond enthalpies listed in the table given below to determine the enthalpy of
reaction :
H C H (g) + 2 O = O (g) O = C = O (g) + 2H O H (g)
Bond enthalpy ( DH ) /KJ/mol; C=O=741; CH = 414, HO = 464, O = O = 498.
Derive the mathematical expression for 1st law of the thermodynamics.
q and w are not state functions but their sum is state function why.
Calculate the D r H for the reaction :
H 2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2HBr (g)
Bond enthalpy are given as under :
H H = 436 KJ/mol; Br Br = 192 KJ/mol; H Br = 368 KJ/mol
Define the following terms :
(i) Bond enthalpy
(ii) Zeroth law of thermodynamics
Estimate change in enthalpy DH for the following reaction :
C 3 H 8 (g) + 5O 2 (g) 3CO 2 (g) + 4H 2O (g)

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19.

(a)
(b)

(c)

The bond enthalpies of CC; CH; C=O; O=I and OH are 347, 414, 741, 498 and 464
KJ/mol respectively.
Define enthalpy of neutralization. The enthalpy of neutralisation of strong acid and strong
base is constant why ?
Calculate the enthalpy of formation of acetic acid if its enthalpy of combustion is 867
KJ/mol.
The enthalpy of formation of CO 2 (g) and H 2O (l) are 393.5 Kj/mol and 285.9 Kj/mol
respectively.
What is the basis of Hesss law ?

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 156 ]

Chapter 7 : Equilibrium
Very Short Answer Questions
1.

2.

In which of the following solvents, AgBr has the maximum solubility ?

(a) 10 -3 M NaBr

(b) 10 -3

(c)

(d) 10 -3 M HBr

The strongest conjugate base is :

(a)

3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

Pure water
NO -3

(b) Cl -

(c)

SO 24

(d) CH 3COO -

Why does the boiling point decrease at high altitudes ?

State Le chatelliers principle.
If Qc < Kc in which direction the reaction will proceed ?
For the following reaction what is the effect of increasing concentration of CO 2 on the direction
of reaction :
CaCO 3 (s) CaO (s) + CO 2 (s)
State Henrys law and give an example.

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.

What volume of 0.10 M sodium formate solution should be added to 50 ml of 0.05 M formic acid
to produce a buffer solution of pH 4.0 ? pKa for formic acid is 3.80.
For reaction N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g)
2NH 3 (g)

K p = 3.6 10
10.

-2

at 500K. Calculate Kc for R = 0.083 L k -1 mol -1.

What is the relationship between p Ka and p kb ?

For hypothetical reaction, K is given as :
A
B, K1 = 2
B
C, K 2 = 4
C
D, K 3 = 3
What will be the value of K for A
D?
The solubility of CO 2 in water decreases with the increases in the temperature. Explain.
The following can act as both Bronsted acid and Bronsted base. Write the formula of Bronsted
acid and Bronsted base :

11.
12.

(a)

HCO -3

(b) H 2 PO -4

(c) NH 3

Long Answer Questions

13.

Which is more soluble ? Given the values of k sp of two sparingly soluble salts Ni(OH) 2 and
AgCN are 20
. 10 -15 and 6 10 -17 respectively ? Explain.

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14.

Hydrogen gas is obtained from natural gas by partial oxidation with steam as per following
reaction :
CH 4 (g) + H 2O (g)
CO (g) + 3H 2 (g)
Write the expression for K p for above reaction. How will K p be affected by :
(a) Increasing the pressure
(b) Increasing the temperature
(c) Using a catalyst
Reaction between ethyl acetate & water attains a state of equilibrium in an open vessel but not
the decomposition of CaCO 3 . Explain.

15.

Ag + + 2CN - . K = 4 10 -19 at 25C. Calculate the silver ion

16.

For the reaction [Ag(CN) 2 ]

17.

concentration in a solution which was originally 0.10 M in KCN and 0.03 M in AgNO 3 .
1M solution of CH 3COOH is diluted to x times so that pH of solution is doubled. Calculate x.
(Given : Ka = 1.8 10 -5 )

18.
19.

What is common ion effect ? Explain its importance in :

(a) Preparation of soap
(b) Qualitative analysis of group 2
Nitric oxide reacts with Bromine and give Nitrosyl Bromide as per reaction :
2NO (g) + Br2 (g)
2NOBr (g)
When 0.087 mole of NO and 0.0437 mole of Br2 are mixed in a closed container at constant
temperature, 0.0518 mole of NOBr is obtained at equilibrium. Determine the composition of
equilibrium mixture.

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 158 ]

Chapter 8 : Redox Reaction

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

Calculate the oxidation number of P in PO 34 .

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

How will you identify cathode and anode in electrochemical cell ?

Why do we need salt bridge ?
Write the name of the cell in which chemical energy is converted into chemical energy.
What is meant by electrode potential ?
Oxidation number of C in CH 3COOH is :
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
Which one is correct :
(a) Oxidation is addition of Hydrogen
(b) Oxidation is gain of electron
(c) Oxidation is addition of electropositive part
(d) Oxidation is addition of electronegative part Short answer type questions:
Which of the following is best reducing reagent and why ?
Li, Cu, Br2 , F2 , H 2 , K
While sulphur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide can act as oxidising as well as reducing agents in
their reactions. While ozone and nitric acid act only as oxidants. Why ?
The compound AgF2 is unstable compound.However, if formed the compound acts as a very
strong oxidising agent why ?
Consider the following cell notation :

7.

8.
9.
10.
11.

Al (s) | Al 3+ (aq) || Ni 2+ (aq) | Ni(s)

What substance act as anode ? Which of them act as cathode ? Write the net ionic equation for the
cell reaction.
12.
13.

14.

The standard reduction potentials of Zn 2+, Mg 2+ and Na + are -0 76V, -2 37V and -2 71V
respectively. Which of the following is the strong oxidising agent ?
(a) Give one use of heavy water in nuclear reactor ?
(b) Write down balanced chemical equations of the reaction of conc. nitric acid with (i) copper
(ii) Iodine.
Consider the reactions :
2S 2O 23- (aq) + I 2 (s) S 4 O 26- + 2I - (aq)
S 2O 23- (aq) + 2Br2 (l) + 5H 2O 2SO 24- (aq) + 4Br - (aq) + 10H + (aq)

Long Answer Questions

15.

Balance the following reactions in basic medium by ion electron method and oxidation number
methods and identify the oxidising agent and the reducing agent :

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16.

(a)

P4 (s) + OH - (aq) PH 3 (g) + HPO -2 (aq)

(b)

N 2 H 4 (l) + ClO -3 (aq) NO (g) + Cl - (g)

(c)

Cl 2O 7 (g) + H 2O 2 (aq) ClO -2 (aq) + O 2 (g) + H +

(a)

Why does the following reaction occur ?

XeO 46 - + 2F - (aq) + 6H + (aq) XeO 3 (g) + F2 (g) + 3H 2O (l)

What conclusion about the compound Na 4 XeO 6 ( of which XeO 46 is a part ) can be drawn from
the reaction ?
(b) Balance the following equations by ion electron method :

17.

(a)

(i)

MnO -4 (aq) + Br - (aq) + H + Mn 2+ (aq) + Br2 (aq) + H 2O

(ii)

Cl 2 + OH - ClO -3 + Cl - + H 2O

Balance the following equation by oxidation number method :

Bi + NO -3 Bi 3+ + NO 2 (acidic medium)

(b)

18.

A cell is prepared by dipping a copper rod in 1 MCuSO 4 solution and a nickel rod in 1 M
NiSO 4 solution. The standard reduction potentials of copper and nickel are 0 34V and
0.25 V respectively.
(i) Which electrode will work as anode and which as cathode ?
(ii) What will be the cell reaction ?
(iii) How is cell represented ?
(iv) Calculate emf of the cell.
How do you account for the following observations?
(a) Though alkaline potassium permanganate and acidic potassium permanganate both are
used as oxidants. Yet in the manufacture of benzoic acid from toluene we use alcoholic
potassium permanganate as an oxidant why? Write a balanced redox equation for the
reaction
(b)

19.

When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride, we

get colourless pungent smelling gas HCl, but if the mixture contains bromide then we get
red vapour of bromine. Why?
Predict the product of electrolysis in each of the following :
(a) An aqueous solution of AgNO 3 with silver electrodes
(b) An aqueous solution of AgNO 3 with platinum electrodes
(c) A dilute solution of H 2SO4 with platinum electrodes
(d) An aqueous solution of CuCl 2 with platinum electrodes
(e) Why, it is not possible to store copper sulphate solution in a zinc vessel ?

[Chemistry/XI]

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Chapter 9 : Hydrogen
Very Short Answer Questions
1.

3.
4.

The adsorption of hydrogen by palladium is called :

(a) Hydrogenation
(b) Hydration
(c) Reduction
(d) Occlusion
Proton is likely to have high :
(a) Hydration enthalpy
(b) Electron affinity
(c) Atomic size
(d) Atomic mass
What is nascent hydrogen?
What is hydride gap?

5.
6.
7.

Water molecule is bent and not linear in structure. Explain

What is the role of liquid hydrogen in space rockets ?
What is clathrate ?

2.

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

When a small dry piece of sodium metal is thrown in water, it immediately catches fire. What
actually happens ?
Describe the industrial use of dihydrogen which depends upon its ability to unite with nitrogen.
Explain why water has high melting and boiling points as compared to H 2S .
Explain why is hydrogen peroxide stored in coloured/plastic bottles.
Give four points in which hydrogen and halogen resemble.
Explain why water acts as excellent solvent for polar and ionic substances ?
How will you concentrate a dilute solution of H 2O 2 ?

Long Answer Question

15.

16.

17.

What happens when hydrogen peroxide is reacted with :

(a) Lead sulphide
(b) Acidified ferrous sulphate solution
(c) Alkaline potassium ferrocyanide solution.
(a) Discuss the bleaching action of H 2O 2 .
(b) Write the important uses of H 2O 2 .
(c) How is concentration of H 2O 2 expressed ? How will you convert the same into strength in
grams per litre ?
Discuss the preparation of hydrogen peroxide :
(a) From sodium peroxide
(b) From 2-ethylanthraquinone.

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17.
18.
19.

Give a brief account of the different methods for the commercial preparation of H 2O 2 .
Discuss the position of hydrogen in the periodic table. Is the present position of hydrogen
satisfactory ?
Give a brief account of different isotopes of hydrogen. Which out of them is radioactive in
nature ?

[Chemistry/XI]

[ 162 ]

Chapter 10 : s-Block Elements

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

Which is a correct statement for CsBr3 :

(a) It is a covalent compound
(b)

It contains Cs+ and Br - ions

(c)

It contains Cs+ and Br - ions

It contains Cs+, Br - and Bra molecule

Least stable amongst the following is :
(d)

2.

(b) B(c) C (d) Be Li +

Arrange the following alkali metal ions in decreasing order of their mobility :
(a)

3.

Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs +
4.
5.
6.
7.

Why beryllium chloride has a 0 dipole moment although Be-Cl bonds are polar ?
Washing soda contains ten water molecules as water of crystallization but it is colourless. Why ?
Why are lithium salts commonly hydrated and those of the other alkali metal ions usually
anhydrous ?
Why is LiF almost insoluble in water whereas LiCl soluble not only in water but also in acetone?

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Potassium carbonate cannot be prepared by Solvay process. Why ?

Why does the salts of alkaline earth metals form stronger hydrates of higher deliquescence than
that of those formed by the alkali metal salts ?
Why Li does not shows photo-electric effect ?
Explain why alkali and alkaline earth metals cannot be obtained by chemical reduction methods.
Why is Li 2CO 3 decomposed at a lower temperature whereas Na 2CO 3 at higher temperature ?.
Long answer type questions
Explain :
(a) LiCl is more covalent than KC1
In aqueous solution Li + has lowest mobility.
(c) Explain the basis of the diagonal relationship between lithium and magnesium
Comment on each of the following observations :
(a) Lithium forms a nitride directly like magnesium. Give equation involved.
(b) BaO is soluble but BaSO 4 is insoluble in water.
Explain :
(a) NaOH is a stronger base than LiOH. Explain
(b)

14.

15

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16.

17.

18.
19.

(b) Why are alkali metals kept in paraffin or kerosene ?

(c) Why does lithium show properties uncommon to the rest of the alkali metals ?
Give the names and formulae of the compounds indicated by the following statements :
(a) A compound of Ca used in setting fractured bones.
(b) A compound of Mg, S, O and H used as purgative in medicines.
(c) A compound of Ca and C used for the production of acetylene.
(d) A compound of Ca, C and N used as fertilizer.
(e) A compound of Ca and H which upon reacting with water gives Ha.
(a) The crystalline salts of alkaline earth metals contain more water of crystallization
molecules than the corresponding alkali metal salts. Why ?
(b) Why does the solubility of alkaline earth metal carbonates and sulphates in water decrease
down the group ?
(a) Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process.
(b) Draw the structure of beryllium chloride in vapour and solid state
What happens when :
(a) Sodium metal is dropped in water
(b) Sodium peroxide dissolves in water
(c) Magnesium is burnt in air
(d) Quick lime is heated with silica
(e) Chlorine reacts with slaked lime

[Chemistry/XI]

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Chapter 11 : p-Block Elements

Very Short Answer Questions
1.

3.

Which of the following is not hydrolysed by water and why

(a) BF3
(b) BCl 3
(c) BBr3
(d) SiCl 4
Which of the following oxides is not an acidic oxide ?
(a) CO
(b) SiO 2
(c) CO 2
(d) Al 2O 3
What is borax bead test ?

4.

What type of hybridization of central atom is possible in [GeCl 6 ] 2- ?

5.
6.
7.

Diamond is a covalent compound, yet it has high melting point. Why ?

What is popularly known as Bucky balls ?
Suggest reason as to why CO is poisonous ?

2.

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Like CO, its analog SiO is not stable. Why ?

PbO 2 is a stronger oxidizing agent than SnO 2 . Explain.
Explain why BF3 exists but BH 3 does not ?
Explain why is there a phenomenal decrease in ionization enthalpy from carbon to silicon?
Write the resonating structures of CO 2 .
On heating a borate with ethyl alcohol and cone. H 2SO 4 , a green edged flame is noticed. How
will you account for it ?
What happens when (write chemical equations) :
(a) Orthoboric acid is heated gradually.
(b) B2O 3 and ferric oxide are heated in oxidising flame.
(c) A mixture of boron and sodium hydroxide is fused at high temperature.
(d) A mixture of B2O 3 and Mg powder is fused and the product is boiled with dilute.

Long Answer Questions

15.

Explain the following :

(a) PbCl 4 is less stable than PbCl 2
(b) CO 2 is a gas while SiO 2 is a solid
(c) AlCl 3 exists as a dimer but BCl 3 does not.
(d) [SiF6 ] 2- is known but [SiCl 6 ] 2- is not.
(e)

Boron forms no compounds in uni positive state but thallium in uni positive state is quite
stable. Why ?

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16.

17.

18.

19.

Write the balanced chemical equation for :

(a) SiO 2 + HF
(b) AlCl 3 + NaOH
(c) Na 2 B4 O 7 + H 2O
(d) BF3 + LiAlH 4
(e) BH 3 + CO
When metal X is treated with sodium hydroxide, a white precipitate A is obtained, which is
soluble in excess of NaOH to give soluble complex B. Compound A is soluble in dilute HC1 to
form compound C. the compound A when heated strongly gives D which is used to extract metal.
Identify X,A,B,C,D. Write suitable equations to support their identities.
(a) How does BF3 reacts with :
(i) Ammonia
(ii) Lithium hydride
(iii) Water
(b) How do you account for :
(i) Anhydrous AlCl 3 is covalent but hydrated AlCl 3 is ionic
(ii) BBr3 is stronger lewis acid than BF3
(iii) Boron does not form B3+ ions
A certain salt X, gives the following results :
(a) Its aqueous solution is alkaline to litmus
(b) It swells up to a glossy material Y on strong heating.
(c) When cone. H 2SO 4 is added to a hot solution of X, white crystals of an acid Z separates
out.
Write equations for all the above reactions and identify X Y and Z.

[Chemistry/XI]

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Chapter 12 : Some Basic Principle and Techniques of

Organic Chemistry
Very Short Answer Questions
1.
2.
3.

What is the type of hybridisation of C in :

(i) CH 3Cl
(ii) (CH 3 ) 2 CO
How will you test presence of nitrogen in organic compounds ?
Give IUPAC name of the following compound :
CH 3 CH C CH CH 3
||
|
|
Br
O
CH 3

4.
5.

Write the structural formula of 4-chloro-2-pentene.

Write IUPAC name of :
(a)

6.

7.

CH 3 CH CH 2 CH COOH
|
|
CH 3
CHO

(b) CH 3 C CH 2 CH 2 CHO
||
O
How will you separate mixture of naphthalene and NaCl :
(a) Filtration
(b) Crystallisation
(c) Chromatography
(d) Sublimation
Match the following :
List (A)
(a) Molecular mass of benzene
(i)
(b) Molecular mass of benzoic acid method
(ii)
(c) Percentage of element(other than C and H)
(iii)
(d) Percentage of element(other than C and H)
(iv)

List (B)
Volumetric method
Victor Meyers
Carius method In gammaxene
Kjeldahls method In aniline

Short Answer Question

8.

9.

An organic compound contains 69% carbon, 4.8% hydrogen, the remainder is oxygen. Calculate
the masses of CO 2 and H 2O produced when 0.20g of this substance is subjected to complete
combustion.
Write the structural formulae of the following :
(a) o-ethyl anisole
(b) p-nitro aniline
(c) 2, 3-dibromo-1-phenyl pentane
(d) 4-ethyl-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene

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10.
11.
12.

(a) Write geometrical isomers of but-2-ene.

(b) Write open chain isomers of C 3 H 6O and cyclic isomers.
Discuss the chemistry of Lassaignes test.
How will you proceed to detect the presence of halogens in organic compounds by Lassaignes
test? Why is it necessary to boil the Lassaignes extract with conc. HNO 3 ?

Long Answer Questions

13.

14.

(a)

(b)
(c)

What do you understand by :

(i) Homolytic fission
(ii) Heterolytic fission
What are carbanions ? Give an example.
Distinguish between position and functional isomerism with one example.

(a)

0.5 gram of an organic compound produced ammonia in Kjeldahls method which was
absorb in 50 cm 3 of 1 N H 2SO 4 .The residual acid required 60 cm 3 of semi normal KOH

(b)
15.

(a)

(b)

solution. What is the % of N in the compound ?

0.395 g of an organic compound by Carius method for the estimation of Sulphur gave
0.582 g of BaSO 4 . Calculate the % of S in the compound.
A liquid organic compound A having 92.30% carbon and 7.7% hydrogen decolourises
KMnO 4 and on ozonolysis gives methanal and other compound B. The vapour density of
A was found to be 52. On treatment with suitable catalyst A gave a high molecular weight
solid products C having the same empirical formula as that of compound A. Compound
C could be used in making toys and household goods. Identify A, Band C, explain the
reactions.
0.45 g of an organic compound gave on combustion 0.792 g of CO 2 and 0.324 g of water
0.24 g of same substances was Kjeldahlised and the NH 3 formed was absorbed in 50.0 cm 3

16.

(a)

17.

(a)

of N/4 H 2SO 4 . The excess acid required 77.0 cm3 of N/10 NaOH for complete
neutralisation. Calculate the empirical formulae of the compound.
Write short notes on following giving one example of each :
(i) Free radical substitution reaction
(ii) Addition reaction
(iii) Elimination reaction
(iv) Resonance
(v) Hyper conjugation
In a Dumas nitrogen estimation method, 0.30 g of an organic compound gave 50 cm 3 of N 2

collected at 300 K and 715 mm Hg pressure. Calculate the percentage composition of

nitrogen in the compound. (Vapour pressure of water at 300 K is 15 mm Hg)
(b)) An organic compound has only one bromine atom in its molecule. 1.57 g of the compound
gave 1.88 g of AgBr in the Carius method. Find the molecular weight of the compound
[At.wt. of Ag = 108 and Br = 80]
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(c)
18.

19.

An organic compound with the molecular formula C x H15O 3 P has 18.6% of phosphorus.
Calculate the Value of x [At.wt. of P = 31]
(a) What are nucleophilic substitution reactions ? Give one example.
(b) What are electrohiles ? Explain electrophilic substitution reaction with the help of an
example.
(c) What are rearrangement reactions?? Illustrate with the help of an example giving its
mechanism.
Classify the following in one of the reaction type :
(a)

CH 3 CH 2 Br + CN CH 3 CH 2 CN + Br -

(b) CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 3 = CH 2 + H 2O
(c) CH 3 CH = CH 2 + HBr CH 3CH(Br) CH 3
(d) CH 3 COONa + NaOH/ (CaO) CH 4 + Na 2CO 3
(e)

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH CH 3
|
CH 3

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Chapter 13 : Hydrocarbons
Very Short Answer Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.
7.

Butane and 2-methyl propane are which type of isomers

Why eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane cannot be isolated at room temperature ?
What are conformations ?
Which of the following exhibits geometrical isomerism :
(i) 2-methyl propene
(ii) 1-butene
(iii) 2-butene
(iv) 2,3 dibromo-2-butene.
Alcohols gives carboxylic acids on :
(i) Reduction
(ii) Oxidation
(iii) Dehydration
(iv) Hydrogenation
Convert benzene to Acetophenone.
How will you distinguish between but-1-yne and but-2-yne ?

Short Answer Questions

8.
9.

10.

11.
12.
13.
14.

What is meant by :
(i) Delocalisation
(ii) Resonance energy
Explain the following with examples :
(i) Wurtz reaction
(ii) Kolbes electrolytic method
(iii) Hydrgenation
What happens when ?
(i) 2-Propanol is heated with alumina at 630 K
(ii) Benzene is treated with mixture of cone. H 2SO 4 and cone. HNO 3 .
(iii) Ethene is treated with cold alkaline KMnO 4 solution.
An alkene A on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one. Write structure and
IUPAC name of A.
Addition of HBr to propene yields -2-bromopropane, while in the presence of benzoyl peroxide,
the same reactions yields-1- bromopropane.Explain and give mechanism.
Out of benzene, m-dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and
why?
What happens when :
(a) Sodium acetate is heated with soda lime.
(b) Acetylene is passed through ammonical silver nitrate solution.

Long Answer Questions

15.

(a) Carry out the following conversions : (i) Acetylene to propyne (ii) n-Hexane to benzene

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(b)

(c)
16.

(a)
(b)

Draw main conformations of n-butane obtained by rotation around C-2 aad C-3. Also give
the names of these conformations. Which of these conformations is most stable and which
is the least stable and why ?
How will you bring about the following conversions :
(i) Ethene to bromoethane
(ii) Toluene to Benzene
What type of isomerism is shown by methoxy methane and ethanol ?
Complete the following reactions :
Alc. KOH

(i)

CH 3CH 2CH 2 Br

(ii)

C 6 H 6 + CH 3COCl

Anhy. AlCl 3

(i) O3

(iii) CH 3CH = CH 2
(ii) H2O/ Zn

17.

Complete the following reactions :

Alc. KOH

(a)

HBr/ peroxide

Isopropyl bromide A B
D

(b)

KMnO4 / OH-

conc. H2SO4

n-propyl alcohol C D
443 K

D
Zn, alcohol

(c)

Redhot

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane E F
D

(d)

NaNHH2

Acetylene G H
H2 , Pd / BaSO4

(e)

19.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)

O3

Propyne I J
Quinoline

18.

tube
CH3CH2Br

H2O/ Zn

Give a chemical test to distinguish between but-1-yne and but-2-yne.

An alkene C 4 H 6 upon ozonolysis gives 2 moles of formaldehyde and 1-mole of glyoxal.
What is the name of alkene ?
Explain why benzene not undergo addition reaction ?
Why terminal alkynes are acidic in nature ?
Complete the following :
Peroxide

(i)

CH 3 CH = CH 2 + HBr

(ii)

(c)

CH 3 CH CH 2 CH 3 + KOH (alc)
|
Cl
How will you convert :
(i) Sodium acetate to ethane
(ii) 2-chloropropane to 1-bromopropane

[Chemistry/XI]

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Chapter 14 : Environmental chemistry

Very Short Answer Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Why is CO more toxic than CO 2 ?

What is PAN ?
What is meant by photochemical smog ?
Name two gases which are responsible for green house effect.
Which gas cause of Bhopal gas tragedy? Give its formula.
Which acid is not present in acid rain :
(a) HNO 3
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Sulphuric acid
(d) Carbonic acid

7.

Full form of BOD :

(i) Biochemical oxygen demand
(ii) Basic oxygen demand
(iii) Boron oxygen demand
(iv) Biological oxygen demand
Write the name of gas produced in Mathura refineries which can damage the great historical
monument Tajmahal.
What types of radiations are absorbed by CO 2 in the atmosphere ?

8.
9.

Short Answer Questions

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Carbon monoxide gas is more dangerous than carbon dioxide gas. Why ?
What is smog ? How is classical smog different from photochemical smog ?
What do you mean by green chemistry? How will it help in decreasing environmental pollution ?
A large number offish are suddenly found floating dead on a lake. There is no evidence of toxic
dumping but you find an abundance of phytoplankton. Suggest a reason for the fish kill.
Explain giving reasons: The presence of carbon monoxide reduces the amount of haemoglobin
available in the blood for carrying oxygen to the body cells.

Long Answer Questions

15.
16.
17.

18.

(i) Define eutrophication and pneumoconiosis.

(ii) Write difference between photochemical and classical smog.
(i) What is the cause of Acid rain ? How is it harmful to the environment ?
(ii) What do you understand by greenhouse effect ? What are the major greenhouse gases ?
Describe the following in brief :
(i) Ozone depletion over Antarctica (do not write reactions)
(ii) BOD and COD
(i) How can domestic waste be used as manure ?

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19.

(ii) Discuss the importance of dissolved oxygen in water. What processes are generally
responsible of de oxygenation of water ?
For your agricultural field or garden you have developed a compost producing pit. Discuss the
process in the light of bad odour, flies and recycling of waste for a good produce.

[Chemistry/XI]

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