INTRODUCTION

A resistorinductor circuit or more widely known as RL circuits, are also

known as RL filter which is an electric circuit composed of resistors and inductors
driven by a voltage or current source. A first order RL circuit is the simplest of
circuit which composed of one resistor and one inductor. We know that RL circuit
composed of resistors and inductors; however what is the definition of these two
important components? Energy is stored in a magnetic field in the coil as long as
current flows. When the current flowing through an inductor changes, the timevarying magnetic field induces a voltage in the conductor, according to Faradays
law of electromagnetic induction.
In electronics, an LED circuit is an electrical circuit used to power a lightemitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED
at the required brightness also limiting the current to prevent damaging the LED.
The voltage drop across an LED is approximately constant over a wide range of
operating current; therefore, a small increase in applied voltage greatly increases
the current. Very simple circuits are used for low-power indicator LEDs. More
complex, current source circuits are required when driving high-power LEDs for
illumination to achieve correct current regulation.
In this project, we combine RL circuit and the LED circuit to produce a
complete circuit that can provide a sufficient current to light the LED component
that we use in the circuit. The calculation of the current, voltage, resistant and
inductance are shown in this report. This project make we able to apply the
knowledge of the electrical technology that we learn from the whole semester
and able to improve our skill using the electrical circuit.
Based on our selected title for this project which is to design a LED light
that will have 2 second fade out after switch is closed using RL circuit, our main
objective was to design an RL circuit with a functioning LED light that will have 2
seconds fade in after the switch is closed. In order to achieve the objective
stated, we have to apply our theoretical knowledge of series-parallel RL circuit
because our circuit is based on the application of series RL circuit. This circuit
can be used to produce a phase lead by a specific amount between an input
voltage and an output by taking the output across the inductor. This circuit is
also a basic high-pass filter, a circuit that passes high frequencies and rejects all
others.
OBJECTIVE

To design RL circuits with a functioning LED light that will have 2 seconds faded
in after the switch is closed.
METHODOLOGY
In this Electrical Technology project, our topic was to design a LED light that will
have a 2 second fade in after the switch is closed using a RL circuit. RL circuit is
basically stands for resistor-inductor circuit. Energy is stored in a magnetic field
in the coil as long as current flows. A simplest form of a LED light
fader circuit can be designed by just connecting a high value inductor across the
LED. In our mini project the circuit is connected as below:

The method in designing this circuit is simple as there are only a few electrical
components that are needed. In this case, the first step that we have taken is to
gather all the electrical components that we are going to use. We are using a 9V
battery, 500 resistor, inductor, push button and also a LED. Then the next step
is that we start designing on how the circuit should be like, which is simple and
efficient. In order for us to have a 2 seconds fade in after the switch is closed, our
inductor value have to be large, however, since the shop that we went ran out of
stock, thus the value for our inductor does not reach up to 1.0 kH. But even so,
we managed to design the circuit as simple as possible and it does not cost us
enough money as well. Since the circuit is very basic, thus it cannot produce an
effective rise and decay of the LED light. Here, on applying the voltage, the
inductor charges almost instantly and the LED also lights up immediately. Thus,
the slow rise in the intensity of the LED cannot be identified. However, when the
supply is switched off, the LED extinguishes slowly due to the stored charge
inside the inductor. So the effect is only one sided and also not very efficient as
the required inductor is of a very large value which is 1.0 kH.

RESULTS
Calculation for circuit
Z = RXL /
XL

(R) 2 + (XL) 2, R = 500 , Vs = 9V, L = 0.85 Henry, F = 50Hz

=2fL
= 2 (50) (0.85)
= 267.04

= (500 ) (267.04) /

(500) 2 + (267.04)

= 235.55
I

= Vs/Z
= 9/ 235.55
= 0.0382 A

= L/R

= 0.85/ 500
= 1.7 x 10

= IF (1- e

-Rt/L

= (0.0382) (1- e

-3 s

= 0.024

= 3.4 x 10-3 s

= 0.033

= 5.1 x 10-3 s

= 0.036

= 6.8 x 10-3 s

= 0.0375

= 8.5 x 10-3 s

= 0.0379

= 0.0102

= 0.0381

-500(1.7x10^-3)/0.85

Graph of current against time constant

50
40
30
Charge (Coulomb)

Curremt (mA) 20
10
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time (mS)

CONCLUSION
Inductor as an electrical component contains some amount of resistance which
affects or resists the current flowing through it, this is absolutely true but for our
case we made an assumption that the inductor is ideal and offer no resistance to
the flowing current.so we considered our coil to be inductive so the one which
will provide the resistance is the resistor which will be connected in series with
the inductor forming the RL circuit. The RL circuit consists of an inductor of
inductance L and resistance of resistor R connected in series. Our design
involved simple components of electric circuits which are battery (source),
connecting wires, LED, inductor, resistor and switch. Therefore the RL circuit is
the electric circuit composed of inductor and a resistor driven by voltage or
current source. The circuit that we have designed in our project consists of only
one inductor one resistor which is the simplest form of circuit.

REFERENCES
Wikipedia,

(2009),

RL

circuit,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RL_circuit

Retrieved

from