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It is great pleasure to present this report on the project named kbc game undertaken by me as
part of my btech(computer science ) curriculum.
I am thankful to (Chandigarh Engineering College ) and ISM for offering me such a
wonderful challenging opportunity and I express my deepest thanks to all coordinators, of ISM
for providing all the possible help and assistance and their constant encouragement.
It is a pleasure that we find ourselves penning down these lines to express our sincere thanks to
the people who helped us along the way in completing our project. We find inadequate words to
express our sincere gratitude towards them.
First and foremost we would like to express our gratitude towards our training guide MRS.
NEHA SHARMA for placing complete faith and confidence in our ability to carry out this
project and for providing us her time, inspiration, encouragement, help, valuable guidance,
constructive criticism and constant interest. he took personal interest in spite of numerous
commitments and busy schedule to help us complete this project. Without the sincere and
honest guidance of our respected project guide we would have not been to reach the present
stage.
INTRODUCTION
ISM is modern Software Technology Training Company situated in Chandigarh that trains students of freshers
and transform them into professionals and also trains professionals to transform them into absolute master of the
domain technology. Founding members of ISM are highly skilled workers in top IT companies in the world.
ISM takes pride in its technically advanced pedigree as it is a brainchild of highly skilled workers in top IT
companies of the world. The foundation stone of ISM took place fifteen months back with a vision of the
software development and creating more opportunities for the manpower in the market.
ISM believes in building long term relationships with the customers and clients and provides exceptional
customer services by pursuing business through innovation and advanced technology.ISM holds in treating
the customers with respect and faith. We grow through creativity, invention and innovation.
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA:
In 1990, Sun Microsystems Inc. (US) was conceived a project to develop software for customer
electronics devices that could be controlled by a remote. This project was called Stealth Project but later
its name was changed to Green Project. In 1991, Bill Joy, James Gosling, and several others met in
Aspen, Colorado to discuss this project. James Gosling was to identify the proper programming
language for the project. Gosling thought C and C++ could be used to develop the project. But the
problem they faced with them is that they were system dependent languages and hence could not be
used on various processors, which the electronic devices might use. So started developing a new
language, which was completely system independent. This language was initially called Oak. Since this
name was registered by some other company, later it was changed to Java.
Why the name Java? James Gosling and his team members were consuming a lot of coffee while
developing this language. They felt that they were able to develop a better language because of the good
quality coffee they consumed. So the coffee had its own role in developing this language and good
quality coffee was exported to the entire world from a place called Java Island. Hence they fixed the
name of the place for the language as Java. And the symbol for Java language is coffee cup and saucer.
On Jan 23rd 1996, JDK 1.0 version was released. Today more than 4 million developers use Java and
more than 1.75 billion devices run Java. Thus Java was pervaded the world. Java is software that enables
users to run program on any type of computer system. Java is suitable for internet because of its
independency. It eliminates a lot of security problems for data on internet. It is purely object-oriented
language. This means Java program use classes and objects. Because of its lot of features we create our
project report of Hospital Management System in this language.
JAVA HISTORY:
1990
Sun decided to developed software that could be used for electronic devices. And the project called as
Green Project head by James Gosling.
1991
Announcement of a new language named Oak
1992
The team verified the application of their new language to manage a list of home appliances using a
hand held device.
1993
The World Wide Web appeared on the Internet and transformed the text-based interface to a graphical
rich environment.
1994
The team developed a new Web browsed called Hot Java to locate and run Applets.
1995
Oak was renamed to Java, as it did not survive legal registration. Many companies such as Netscape
and Microsoft announced their support for Java.
1996
Java language is now famous for Internet programming as well as a general purpose OO language.
1997
Sun releases Java Development Kit(JDK 1.1)
1998
Sun releases Software Development Kit (SDK 1.2)
1999
Sun releases Java 2 platform Standard Edition (J2SE) and Enterprise Edition(J2EE).
2000
J2SE with SDK 1.3 was released.
2002
J2SE with SDK 1.4 was released.
2004
J2SE with JDK 5.0 was released.
FEATURES OF JAVA:
Apart from being a system independent language, there are other reasons too for the immense popularity
of this language. Let us have a look at some of its features.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Simple
Object- oriented
Distributed
Robust and secure
System Independence
Scalability
High performance
Compiled and Interpreted
Platform Independent and portable
Simple and small
Multithreaded and Interactive
Simple:
Java is a simple programming language. Rather than saying that this is the feature of Java, we can say
that is the design aim of Java. When Java is developed, they wanted it to be simple because it has to
work on electronic devices, where less memory is available. Now, the question is how Java is made
simple? First of all, the difficult concepts of C and C++ have been omitted in Java. Next, Java Soft
people maintained the same syntax of C and C++ in Java, so that a programmer who knows C or C++
will find Java already familiar.
Object-Oriented:
Java is an object-oriented programming language. This means Java programs use objects and classes.
What is an object? An object is anything that really exists I the world and can be distinguished from
others. Everything that we see physically will come into this definition, for example, every human
being, a book, a tree, and so on.
A group of objects exhibiting same behavior will come under the same group called a class. A class
represents a group name given to several objects. For example, take the dogs: Pinky, Nancy, Tom and
Subbu. All of these dogs have same behavior and hence belong to the same group, called dog. So dog is
the class name which contains 4 objects.
Distributed:
Information is distributed on various computers on a network. Using Java, we can write programs,
which capture information and distribute it in to the clients. This is possible because Java can handle the
protocols like TCP/IP and UDP.
Java is a most strong language which provides many securities to make certain reliable code. It is design
as garbage collected language, which helps the programmers virtually from all memory management
problems. Java also includes the concept of exception handling, which detain serious errors and reduces
all kind of threat of crashing the system.
Security is an important feature of Java and this is the strong reason that programmer use this language
for programming on Internet.
The absence of pointers in Java ensures that programs cannot get right of entry to memory location
without proper approval.
System Independence:
Javas byte code is not machine dependent. It can be on any machine with any processor and any
operating system.
Scalability:
Java platform can be implemented on a wide range of computers with varying levels of resources-from
embedded devices to mainframe computers. This is possible because Java is compact and platform
independent.
High Performance:
The problem with interpreter inside the JVM is that it is slow. Because of this, Java programs used to
run slow. To overcome this problem, along with the interpreter Java Soft people have introduced JIT
compiler, which enhances the speed of execution. So now in JVM, both interpreter and JIT compiler
work together to run the program.
Basically a computer language is either compiled or interpreted. Java comes together both these
approach thus making Java a two-stage system.
Java compiler translates Java code to Bytecode instructions and Java Interpreter generate machine code
that can be directly executed by machine that is running the Java program.
Java supports the feature portability. Java programs can be easily moved from one computer system to
another and anywhere. Changes and upgrades in operating systems, processors and system resources
will not force any alteration in Java programs. This is reason why Java has become a trendy language for
programming on Internet which interconnects different kind of systems worldwide. Java certifies
portability in two ways.
First way is, Java compiler generates the bytecode and that can be executed on any machine. Second
way is, size of primitive data types are machine independent.
Java is very small and simple language. Java does not use pointer and header files, goto statements, etc.
It eliminates operator overloading and multiple inheritance.
Multithreaded means managing multiple tasks simultaneously. Java maintains multithreaded programs.
That means we need not wait for the application to complete one task before starting next task. This
feature is helpful for graphic applications.
PARTS OF JAVA:
Sun Microsystems Inc. has divided Java into 3 parts-Java SE, Java EE and Java ME.
Java SE:
It is the Java Standard Edition that contains basic core Java classes. This edition is used to
develop standard applets and applications.
Java EE:
It is the Java Enterprise edition and it contains classes that are beyond Java SE. In fact, we need
Java SE in order to use many of the classes in Java EE. Java EE mainly concentrates on
providing business solutions on a network.
Java ME:
It is the Java Micro Edition. Java ME is for developers who develop code for portable devices,
such as a PDA or a cellular phone. Code on these devices needs to be small in size and should
take less memory.
1 .Objects
Objects are important runtime entities in object oriented method. They may characterize a location, a
bank account, and a table of data or any entry that the program must handle.
2 .Classes
A class is a set of objects with similar properties (attributes), common behaviour (operations), and
common link to other objects. The complete set of data and code of an object can be made a user defined
data type with the help of class.
The objects are variable of type class. A class is a collection of objects of similar type. Classes are user
defined data types and work like the build in type of the programming language. Once the class has been
defined, we can make any number of objects belonging to that class. Each object is related with the data
of type class with which they are formed.
3 .Data Abstraction
Data abstraction refers to the act of representing important description without including the background
details or explanations.
Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes such as size, cost and
functions operate on these attributes. They summarize all the important properties of the objects that are
to be created.
Classes use the concepts of data abstraction and it is called as Abstract Data Type (ADT).
4 .Data Encapsulation:
Data Encapsulation means wrapping of data and functions into a single unit (i.e. class). It is most useful
feature of class. The data is not easy to get to the outside world and only those functions which are
enclosed in the class can access it.
These functions provide the boundary between Objects data and program. This insulation of data from
direct access by the program is called as Data hiding.
Technological Specifications
Polymorphism:
Polymorphism came fr the two Greek words poly meaning many and morphos meaning forms. The
ability to exist in different forms is called polymorphism. In Java, a variable, an object, or a method
can exist in different forms, thus performing various tasks depending on the context. Because same
variable or method can perform different tasks, the programmer has the advantage of writing flexible
code.
Abstract class:
An abstract class is a class that contains 0 or more abstract methods. It can contain instances variables
and concrete methods in addition to abstract methods. It should be declared by the keyword abstract.
Interfaces:
An interface contains only abstract methods which are all incomplete methods. So it is not possible to
create an object to an interface. In this case, we can create separate classes where we can implement all
the methods of the interface. These classes are called implementation classes.
Packages:
It is necessary in software development to create several classes and interfaces. After creating these
classes and interfaces, it is better if they are divided into some groups depending on their relationship.
Thus, the classes and interfaces which handle similar or same task are put into the same directory. This
directory or file is also called a package.
Exception Handling:
When there is an exception, the user data may be corrupted. This should be tackle by the programmer by
carefully designing the program. For example, if your application unsuccessfully tries to log into a
database, it should not display an error message that includes the user name it is using.
JAVA
PROGRAM
VIRTUAL
MACHINE
The Virtual machine code is not machine specific. The machine specific code is generated. By Java
interpreter by acting as an intermediary between the virtual machine and real machines shown below
JAVA
PROGRAM
JAVA
COMPILER
JAVA
COMPILER
VIRTUAL
MACHINE
Java Object Framework act as the intermediary between the user programs and the virtual machine
which in turn act as the intermediary between the operating system and the Java Object Framework.
OPERATING SYSTEM
JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE
JAVA OBJECT FRAMEWORK
COMPILER AND
FRAMEWORK
USER APPLCATION
PROGRAM
USER
JAVA ENVIRONMENT:
Java environment includes a number of development tools, classes and methods. The development tools
are part of the system known as Java Development Kit (JDK) and the classes and methods are part of the
Java Standard Library (JSL), also known as the Application Programming Interface (API).
Java Development kit (JDK) The JDK comes with a set of tools that are used for developing and
running Java program. It includes:
1. Appletviewer ( It is used for viewing the applet)
2. Javac (It is a Java Compiler)
3. Java (It is a java interpreter)
4. Javap (Java diassembler,which convert byte code into program description)
5. Javah (It is for java C header files)
6. Javadoc (It is for creating HTML document)
7. Jdb (It is Java debugger)
For compiling and running the program we have to use following commands:
a) javac (Java compiler)
In java, we can use any text editor for writing program and then save that program with .java
extension. Java compiler convert the source code or program in bytecode and interpreter convert
.java file in .class file.
Syntax:
C:\javac filename.java
If my filename is abc.java then the syntax will be
C:\javac abc.java
b) java(Java Interpreter)
As we learn that, we can use any text editor for writing program and then save that program with
.java extension. Java compiler convert the source code or program in bytecode and interpreter
convert .java file in .class file.
Syntax:
C:\java filename
If my filename is abc.java then the syntax will be
C:\java abc
The file must be named FirstProgram.java to equivalent the class name containing the main method.
A class is an object oriented term. It is designed to perform a specific task. A Java class is defined by its
class name, an open curly brace, a list of methods and fields, and a close curly brace.
The name of the class is made of alphabetical characters and digits without spaces, the first character
must be alphabetical.
The line public static void main (String [] args ) shows where the program will start running.
The word main means that this is the main method The JVM starts running any program by executing
this method first.
Above explanation is about how to write program and now we have to learn where to write program
and how to compile and run the program.
INTRODUCTION TO ORACLE
Oracle provides an Application Server and business applications, including the E-Business Suite and the
Oracle Collaboration Suite. Oracle has grown from its humble beginnings as one of a number of
databases available in the 1970s to the market leader of today. In its early days, Oracle Corporation was
known more as an aggressive sales and promotion organization than a technology supplier. Over the
years, the Oracle database has grown in depth and quality, Oracle has added more power and features to
its already solid base while improving the manageability.
Oracle8i
Oracle8i, released in 1999, added a new twist to the Oracle databasea combination
of enhancements that made the Oracle8i database the focal point of the
world of Internet (the i in 8i) computing.
Oracle9i
Oracle Database 10g, released in 2003 and the current release, enables grid (the g in 10g) computing. A
grid is simply a pool of computers that provides needed resources for applications on an as-needed
basis. The goal is to provide computing resources that transparently scale to the user community, much
as an electrical utility company can deliver power to meet peak demand by accessing energy from other
power providers plants via a power grid. Oracle Database 10g further reduces the time, cost, and
complexity of database management through the introduction of self-managing features such as the
Automated Database Diagnostic Monitor, Automated Shared Memory Tuning, Automated Storage
Management, and Automated Disk Based Backup and Recovery. One important key to Oracle Database
10gs usefulness in grid computing is the ability to provision CPUs and data.
Before we dive into the specific foundations of these releases, we must spend a little time describing
some Oracle basicshow databases evolved to arrive at the relational model, a brief history of Oracle
Corporation, and an introduction to the basic features and configurations of the database.
Oracle Database 10g Database Server describes the most recent major version of the Oracle Relational
Database Management System (RDBMS) family of products that share common source code. This
family includes:
Personal Oracle, a database for single users thats often used to develop code for implementation on
other Oracle multiuser databases
Oracle Standard Edition, which was named Workgroup Server in its first iteration as part of the
Oracle7 family and is sometimes simply referred to as Oracle Server
FEATURE
1979
Oracle Release 2the first commercially available relational database to use SQL
1983
1984
1986
1987
1988
1989
1991
1993
The existing system only provides text-based interface, which is not as user-friendly as Graphical
user Interface.
Since the system is implemented in Manual, so the response is very slow.
There was no data stores of the player in the previous KBC system but now each and every details is
saved of the player.
Hence, there is a need of reformation of the system with more advantages and flexibility. The KBC Quiz
System eliminates most of the limitations of the existing software. It has the following objectives:
Enhancement:
The main objective of KBC Quiz System is to enhance and upgrade the existing system by increasing its
efficiency and effectiveness. The software improves the working methods by replacing the existing manual
system with the computer-based system.
Automation:
The KBC Quiz System automates each and every activity of the manual system and increases its throughput.
Thus the response time of the system is very less and it works very fast.
Accuracy:
The KBC Quiz System provides the uses a quick response with very accurate information regarding the
users etc. Any details or system in an accurate manner, as and when required.
User-Friendly:
The software KBC Quiz System has a very user-friendly interface. Thus the users will feel very easy to work
on it. The software provides accuracy along with a pleasant interface.Make the present manual system more
interactive, speedy and user friendly.
Availability:
The transaction reports of the system can be retried as and when required. Thus, there is no delay in the
availability of any information, whatever needed, can be captured very quickly and easily.
Maintance Cost:
Reduce the cost of maintenance.
SYSTEM DESIGN(Introduction)
The systems objectives outlined during the feasibility study serve as the basic from which the work of system
design is initiated. Much of the activities involved at this stage is of technical nature requiring a certain degree
of experience in designing systems, sound knowledge of computer related technology and through
understanding of computers available in the market and the various facilities provided by the vendors.
Nevertheless, a system cannot be designed in isolation without the active involvement of the user. The user has
a vital role to play at this stage too. As we know that data collected during feasibility study wills we utilized
systematically during the system design. It should, however be kept in mind that detailed study of the existing
system is not necessarily over with the completion of the feasibility study. Depending on the plan of feasibility
study, the level of detailed study will vary and the system design stage will also vary in the amount of
investigation that still needs to be done. This investigation is generally an urgent activity during the system.
Sometimes, but rarely, this investigation may form a separate stage between feasibility study and computer
system design. Designing a new system is a creative process, which calls for logical as will as lateral thinking.
The logical approach involves systematic moves towards the end product keeping in mind the capabilities of the
personnel and the equipment at each decision making step. Lateral thought implies encompassing of ideas
beyond the usual functions and equipment. This is to ensure that no efforts are being made to fit previous
solutions into new situations.
Design Objectives
The primary objective of the design of course, is to deliver the requirements as specified in the feasibility
reports. In general the following design objectives should be kept in mind.
Practicality
The system must be stable and can be operated by people with average.
Efficiency
This involves accuracy, timeliness and comprehensiveness to the system output.
Cost
It is desirable to aim for a system with a minimum cost subject to the condition that it must satisfy all the
requirements.
Flexibility
The system should be modifiable depending on the changing needs of the user. Such modifications should not
entail extensive reconstructing or recreation of software. It should also be portable to different computer
systems.
Security
This is very important aspect of the design and should cover areas of hardware reliability, fall back procedures,
physical security of data and provision for detection of fraud and abuse.
System design involves first logical design and then physical construction of the system. The logical design
describes the structure and characteristics of features, like the outputs, inputs, files, database and procedures.
The physical construction, which follows the logical design, produces actual program software, files and a
working system.
Database design
This activity deals with the design of the physical database. A key is to determine how the access paths art to be
implemented.
Program design: In conjunction with database design is a decision on the programming language to be used and
the flowcharting, coding, and debugging procedure prior to conversion. The operating system limits the
programming languages that will run of the system.
System and program test preparation. Each aspect of the system has a separate test requirement. System testing
is done after all programming and testing completed the test on system and program test requirements become a
part of design specifications a prerequisite to implementation.
In contrast to the system testing is acceptance testing, which puts the system through a procedure design to
convince the user that the proposed system will meet the stated requirements. Acceptance testing is technically
similar to system testing but politically it is different.
Design Process
The computer system design process is an exercise of specifying how, the system will work. It is an iterative
process, which is based on what the system will be do as shown in the feasibility report.Mainly, following five
parts have been included in the system design process
Output Design
The starting point of the design process is the proper knowledge of system requirements which will normally be
converted in terms of output.
Input Design
Once the output requirements have been finalized, the next step is to find out what data need to be made
available to the system to produce the desired outputs. The basic documents in which these data are available
need to be identified. If necessary, these documents may have to be revised or new documents may have to be
introduced.
File Design
Once the input data is captured in the system, these may to be preserved either for a short or long period. These
data will generally be stored in files in a logical manner. The designer will have to devise the techniques of
storing and retrieving data from these files.
Procedure Design
This step involves specifications of how processing will be performed. In this, there are two aspects:
Computer Procedure
The computer procedure will specify what functions will be carried out on computer, what will be different
programs and in what sequence the programs will be run.
Non-computer procedure
The non-computer procedure will specify the manual procedures for feeding input data, receiving outputs
etc.
Control Design
The control design indicates necessary procedures which will ensure correctness of processing, accuracy of
data, timely output etc. this will ensure that the system is functioning as per plan.
INPUT DESIGN(Introduction)
Once the analysis and design of the system has been done, it would be necessary to identify the data that are
required to be processed to produce the outputs. Input is one of the most expensive phases of the operation of a
computerized system and creates sometimes a major problem. Different type of problem with a system can
usually be traced back to faulty input design method needless to say, therefore, that the input data are the
lifeblood of a system and have to be analyzed and designed with utmost care and consideration. Input design
features can ensure the reliability of the system and generate correct reports form the accurate data. The input
design also determines whether the user can interact efficiently with the system.
Input Data
The goal of designing input data is to make data entry as easy, logical and error free from errors as possible. In
entering data, operators need to know the following:
Source Documents
Source data are captured initially on original paper or a source document. For example, a cheque written against
an account is a source document. When it reaches the bank, it is encoded with special magnetic ink character
recognition so that a reader that is part of the information system of the bank can process it. Therefore, source
documents initiate a processing cycle as soon as they are entered into the system. Source documents may be
entered into the system from punch cards, from diskettes, or even directly through the keyboard.
A source document should be logical and easy to understand. Each area in the form should be clearly identified
and should specify for the user what to write and where to write it.A source document may or may not be
retained in the proposed system. Thus, each source document may be evaluated in terms of.Its continued use in
the proposed system,The extent of modification for the proposed system & Replacement by an alternative
source document.
Avoiding Delay
When processing is delayed owing to data preparation or data entry, the cause is called a bottleneck. Avoid
bottlenecks when designing input should always be one of the objectives of the analyst.
Types of Output:
Outputs of a system can take different forms. The most common are reports, displays on screen, printed forms
etc. the outputs also vary in terms of their contents, type of stationery. Frequency and timing etc. besides, due
consideration also need to be given as to who will use the output and for what purpose. All these points must be
kept in mind while designing outputs so that the objectives of the system are met in the best possible way.
Outputs of a data-processing system can be placed into two categories:
Application Output
Operating Output
Application Output
These are the outputs desired out of the system to meet its objectives. These are of three types:
Output as a basis for decision-making. This type of output is generally required by management for
decision-making purposes.
Output as a requirement to meet a functional objective. Invoices, Excise Gate Pass, Purchase Orders
are the examples of such output.
Statutory outputs: All organization is required to produce a certain amount of reports and forms as
required by law.
Operating Output
These outputs are mainly generated for use of EDP staff and give various indications as to how the system
operates. System logs, error messages, status indicators etc. are the examples of such output. These types of
output are not concerned for the users.
in this project and the suggested activities have been organized to impart knowledge & develop skill & attitude
in the College official works.