BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY

MESRA, RANCHI

(DEPARTMENT OF SPACE ENGINEERING AND ROCKETRY)

MISSILE AERODYNAMICS
ASSIGNMENT ON
INDIA SURFACE TO SURFACE MISSILES

SENTHIL KUMAR . R
1780 ,the Battle of Guntur.

1801 , William Congreve

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Tipu’s missile - kushoons
 No control surfaces

 Nose cone and a cylinder

 Long sword is warhead

 Second Anglo-Mysore war, at the Battle of Pollilur (10

September 1780), Battle of Srirangapattana in 1792.

 We supplied the missile technology to the world

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 Post Independence

Surface to
surface
Missiles

Prithvi Agni

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 Prithvi - I
 Short-Range ballistic missile.
(Range of 150-330 km ) 9m

 Design started in 1983 and Tested in 1988.

 Four Delta-shaped wings.

 Weight = 4000 Kg. payload of 500 kg to 1,000 kg

 Transporter-erector-launcher (TEL)

1.1 m
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 Prithvi - I
Advantages
• Missile is capable of being manoeuvred up to 15
degree .
• Thrust termination  Multiple payload ,
Multiple Range

• CEP of .01 % of its Range i.e., 10m<250m

• For a nuclear, biological or chemical warhead

Disadvantages
• Missile volatile liquid fuel launch mode must be
loaded immediately prior to launch.

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  Some 100-150 Prithvi SRBMs have been produced, but how many

Prithvi have been issued is unclear.

 During the 1999 Kargil confrontation, it has been alleged that 4

Prithvi SS-250 were fitted with nuclear warheads to guard against
any Pakistani nuclear blackmail

 Behind enemy lines

 Prithvi Missile Systems are gradually being inducted into the IAF.

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Senthilkumar.R
Prithvi III
 Tested on On March 19, 2004 . tested on October 27, 2004 (underwater launch).

 Range 250-330 Km

 Payload of 500 -1000 Kg

 Two stage, solid fuel, road-mobile

 Sagarika and Prithvi-III are two different names for the same missile.

 This medium-range missile can also be launched from a submerged submarine (Project
K-15).

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 Prithvi-I SS-150 Prithvi-II SS-250 Prithvi-III SS-350

Length (m) 9 8.56 8.56

Maximum Diameter (m) 1.1 1.1 1.0 20

Launch Weight 4,400 4,600 5,600

(Inc Payload) (Kg)

Propellant Liquid IRFNA and Xylidiene + Liquid IRFNA and Xylidiene + Solid HTPB/AP/Al
Triethylamine Triethylamine

Number of engines 2 (gimbaled) 1

Case material Aluminum alloy Aluminum alloy Steel

Stage Fuel-Mass-Ratio 0.79 21 0.7922 0.76 23

Payload (Kg) 800-1,000 800-1,000 500-1,000

Warhead HE-unitary/ penetration/ sub-munitions, Incendiary, FAE

Guidance Strapped-INS, optionally augmented by GPS Terminal guidance: Radar scene correlation?

Range (Km) 150 250 350

Accuracy (CEP) 10-50m 75m 25m

Control system Gimbaled engines + aerodynamic control surfaces Flex nozzle and aerodynamic control
surfaces

Launch platform 8 x 8 Tatra Transporter Erector Launcher

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 The Agni-TTB (Technology Test Bed)
 Range of 1,500 km.
 Payload of 1,000 kg.
 Prithvi + the SLV-3 booster.
 To develop re-entry and guidance technology.

Disadvantages
• Solid + Liquid propulsion configuration, unsuitable for
an operational IRBM.

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The Agni-2 IRBM
 Tested on April 11, 1999
 Range of some 3,000 km
 A 1,000 kg payload
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
 Cleared for production.
 12 Agni-II missiles per year.
 Technical Aspects
 Agni-II is a 2-stage missile; both the stages are solid fuelled.
 PSLV’s booster stage with an Isp of 269 (vacum) and 237(sea level).
 Second stage has 1-metre diameter, about 4.8 metre length.
 The stage has flex nozzles for thrust vectoring for trajectory control.

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 The Agni-2 AT
 More advanced version of Agni-II
 To adapt it to the newer and lighter nuclear payload that were prov
Pokharan-II .
 Stronger 250-Marging steel, resulting in lighter booster stage case a
fuel mass-fraction
 Greater fuel mass-fraction .
 Multi directional carbon re-entry nose tip and control surfaces

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Agni I
• Single stage version of Agni-II

• Rapidly developed after the Kargil War when the need for an
intermediate range missile

• Range gap between the Agni-II and the Prithvi (700-900

km ).

•Being road /rail mobile , the misile won’t prone to pre-

emptive strikes

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• Lower cost of unit procurement, ancillary support,
maintenance and deployment

•Simplicity of single stage rocket.

•More mobile.

•Stealth feature

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 Agni-2A Stage1 Agni-2A Stage2 PBV/HAM RV

Gross_Mass (Kg) 1,0615 3,923 220 50

Fuel_Mass (Kg) 9,342 3,570 40-180

Empty_Mass (Kg) ? ? 20-50

Motor Fuel-Mass-Ratio 0.88 0.91 0.82

Thrust@Vacuum (Kgf) 51,251 27,227 50 N.A.

Thrust@Sea_Level (Kgf) 46,390 - -

(Burn Time) (sec) (49) (32) -

Specific-Impulse

Isp@Vacuum 259 sec64 276 sec65 306 sec66 N.A.

Isp@Sea_Level 232 sec 220 sec -

Length 10.3 m 4.8 m 2.3 m 2.2 m

Diameter 1.0 m 1.0 m 0.815 m 0.8 m

ChamberPressure (bar) 44.1 38.3 ? N.A.

Expansion Ratio 6.7:1 14.2:1 ?

Propellant Solid Solid Liquid N.A

Chemical HTPB/AP/Al HTPB/AP/Al MMH/N2O4 N.A

Case material 250 Marging steel Filament wound Titanium All Carbon composite

composite material pressure tank

Number of Engines 1 1 1 N.A

(Number of Segments) (3) (1) N.A N.A

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The Agni-III

 Range 3500 km.

 Against the People’s Republic of China .
 Manoeuvring Re-Entry Vehicle (To counter
measures ABM )
 Payload of 600 kg to 1,800 kg

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 Surface to
surface
Missiles

Prithvi Agni

Agni-TTB
Agni II Agni-I Agni-III
SS-150 SS-250 SS-350 (Technology Agni-IIA
(IRBM) (MRBM) (IRBM)
Test Bed)

At present, it can be assumed that India ’s land-based missile deterrent is

based around:

•Agni-II IRBM (3,500 km range, 200 kT warhead) – 18 to 36 missiles in

service.

•Agni-I MRBM (900 km range, 200 kT warhead) – 8 to 16 missiles in service.

•Prithvi-II SRBM (330 km range, 15 kT warhead) – 150 to 180 missile

produced (12 nuclear armed).

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Senthilkumar.R
 References and Footnotes
 1. Raj Chengappa, Weapons of Peace: The Secret Story of India's
Quest to be a Nuclear Power (New Delhi: Harper Collins
Publishers India, 2000, ISBN 81-7223-332-0).
 2. Defence Research & Development Organization
(www.drdo.com)
 3. DRDO periodicals "Technology Focus" bi-weekly
(www.drdo.com/pub/techfocus/welcome3.htm)
 4. Indian Defence Technology: Missile Systems (DRDO, Ministry
of Defence, December 1998).
 5. Nuclear Threat Initiative: Missile Chronology
http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/india/missile/1931_
2023.html
 6. Nuclear Weapon Archive, 'India's Nuclear Weapons Program:
Present Capabilities'
http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaArsenal.html
 7. www.bharat-rakshak.com

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