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Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
28 May 2014
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Session Overview
1
Man-Machine Coexistence
Agent-Based Systems
New Challenges for Computer Systems
Characteristics of Agents
Multi-Agent Systems
Applications of Agents
Genetic Algorithm
Biological Exploration
Algorithm and Examples in GA
Ubiquitous Computing
Application and Technology
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Affective Technology
Face Recognition
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Affective Technology
Voice Recognition
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Intelligence Computing
What is intelligence? Hard to define unless you list some
important characteristics, such as Reasoning, Learning, and
Adaptivity
Machine intelligence is: computer which follows problem
solving processes something like that in humans
Intelligent systems display machine-level intelligence,
reasoning, often learning, and self-adapting
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is usually defined as the science of
making computers do things that require intelligence when
done by humans.
Some important AI Techniques are: Neural Network, Genetic
Algorithm, and Expert Systems
Subha Fernando, Dr.Eng, M.Eng, B.Sc(Special)Hons.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Neural Network
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Genetic Algorithm
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Expert Systems
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Our Attempt To Build Models Of Ourselves
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Kansei Systems
Definition (Kansei Engineering)
An consumer oriented technology for new product development
based on consumer Kansei (psychological image and feeling)
The attempt is to improve the business by producing product
or delivering services that fit to consumer feelings, emotions,
culture, profession, etc.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Kansei Systems
Attractive things Work Better
Appearance(s)
!Symmetry = Beauty = Usability ???
Fallll 2
Fa
2013
3
PSYCH
H / CS 6750
Appearance(s)
!Asymmetry = usable ==> beautiful ???
Fallll 2
Fa
201
2013
013
01
3
PSYCH / CS 6750
More!
!Asymmetry => usability (but, sexy?)
Fallll 2
Fa
201
2013
013
01
3
PSYCH / CS 6750
Behavior ?
!Feel => Function ??
Fall 2013
PSYCH / CS 6750
Reflective Design
!Clever, clean
Fall 2
201
2013
013
01
3
PSYCH / CS 6750
10
Reflective
!Status, image
Fall 2013
PSYCH / CS 6750
11
Fall 2013
PSYCH
PSYC
PS
YCH
YC
H / CS 6750
6
15
Playful!!
Fun!!
Pleasurable!!
Fall 2013
PSYCH
PSYC
PS
YCH
YC
H / CS 6750
16
16
Fall 2013
PSYCH / CS 6750
17
Exclusivity Snobbery #
Another kind of emotion ..
Fall 2013
PSYCH
PSYC
PS
YCH
YC
H / CS 6750
675
6
750
75
0
118
8
18
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Man-Machine Coexistence
Definition (What does coexistence mean?)
The word coexistence can be broken into two parts, co- and -exists.
The prefix co- means together and -exist means to be or to live.
Therefore coexistence means being or living together
Coexistence also has another connotation - peaceful
coexistence.
It means more than being in the same place at the same time,
getting along with each other.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Session Overview
1
Man-Machine Coexistence
Agent-Based Systems
New Challenges for Computer Systems
Characteristics of Agents
Multi-Agent Systems
Applications of Agents
Genetic Algorithm
Biological Exploration
Algorithm and Examples in GA
Ubiquitous Computing
Application and Technology
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
What is an Agent (Wooldridge and Jennings)
Definition (Agent)
An agent is a computer system that is situated in some
environment, and that is capable of autonomous action in this
environment in order to meet its design objectives
Characteristics of Agents
being situated in an environment
autonomy
proactiveness
reactivity
social ability
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Characteristics of Agents
Autonomy
Capability of acting independently, exhibiting control over their
internal state
At the end of oneend, we have computer programs such as
conventional word processors and spreadsheets, which exhibits
little or no autonomy. At the other-end of the autonomy
spectrum, you and us. You are completely autonomous. Where
you can ultimately choose to believe what you want - although
society typically constraints your autonomy in various way.
Proactivness
The ability to exhibit goal-directed behavior. If an agent has
been delegated a particular goal, then we expect the agent to
try to achieve this goal.This is in contrast to Object, where it
remains in passive mode until a method invokes on it.
Subha Fernando, Dr.Eng, M.Eng, B.Sc(Special)Hons.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Characteristics of Agents
Reactiveness
Being reactive means being responsive to changes in the
environment. Implementing a system that achieves an effective
balance between goal-directed and reactive behavior turns out
to be hard
Social ability
It is not the ability of exchanges bytes, it is the ability of
agents to cooperate and coordinate activities with other
agents, in order to accomplish assigned goals. This
communication happens at the knowledge level. That is, we
want agents to be able to communicate their beliefs, goals and
plans to one another.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Other Characteristics of Agents
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Environments
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Bases Systems
Environments
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Structure of Agents
Rational Agents
Basic Structure
Perceive the environment through sensors (Percepts)
Act upon the environment through actuators (Actions)
Act rational with respect to a performance measure (e.g. goal:
money, time, energy, utility)
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Examples of Rational Agents
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Reflex Agents
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Learning Agents
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Example of Learning Agents
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Multi-Agent Systems
Definition (Multi-Agent Systems (MAS))
A multi-agent system is a computerized system composed of
multiple interacting agents within an environment. Multi-agent
systems can be used to solve problems that are difficult or
impossible for an individual agent to solve.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Multi-Agent Systems
Attribute of MAS
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Multi-Agent Systems
MAS Coordination
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Multi-Agent Systems
Benevolent Agents- Contract Nets
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Multi-Agent Systems
Self-Interested Agents
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Applications of Agents
Agents for Work-flow and Business Process Management
Work-flow systems aim to to automate the process of a business, ensuring that different business
tasks are expedited by the appropriate people at the right time, typically ensuring that a particular
document flow is maintained and managed within an organization.
ADEPT is an example for an agent-based business process management systems, a business
organization is modeled as a society of negotiating, service providing agents.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Applications of Agents
Agents for Work-flow and Business Process Management
Work-flow systems aim to to automate the process of a business, ensuring that different business
tasks are expedited by the appropriate people at the right time, typically ensuring that a particular
document flow is maintained and managed within an organization.
ADEPT is an example for an agent-based business process management systems, a business
organization is modeled as a society of negotiating, service providing agents.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Applications of Agents
Agents for Work-flow and Business Process Management
Work-flow systems aim to to automate the process of a business, ensuring that different business
tasks are expedited by the appropriate people at the right time, typically ensuring that a particular
document flow is maintained and managed within an organization.
ADEPT is an example for an agent-based business process management systems, a business
organization is modeled as a society of negotiating, service providing agents.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Applications of Agents
Agents for Information Retrieval and Management
An information agent is an agent that has access to at least one and potentially many information
sources.
Agent is able to collate and manipulate information obtained from these sources in order to answer
queries posed by users and other information agents.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Session Overview
1
Man-Machine Coexistence
Agent-Based Systems
New Challenges for Computer Systems
Characteristics of Agents
Multi-Agent Systems
Applications of Agents
Genetic Algorithm
Biological Exploration
Algorithm and Examples in GA
Ubiquitous Computing
Application and Technology
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Genetic Algorithm
Biological Exploration
DNA :
Is the prime genetic molecule
carrying all the heredity
information
Chromosome
DNA is associated with proteins
and each DNA and its associated
protein is called a chromosome.
Thus, Chromosome is a compact
form of DNA that fits inside the
cell
DNA packaged into a
chromosome can be transmitted
efficiently to both daughter cells
each time a cell divides.
Subha Fernando, Dr.Eng, M.Eng, B.Sc(Special)Hons.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Genetic Algorithm
Biological Exploration
Chromosome
Different kinds of organisms have
different numbers of chromosomes.
Each parent contributes one
chromosome to each pair,
so children get half of their
chromosomes from their mothers and
half from their fathers.
Gene
A gene is the functional and physical
unit of heredity passed from parent to
offspring.
Genes are pieces of DNA, and most
genes contain the information for
making a specific protein.
Subha Fernando, Dr.Eng, M.Eng, B.Sc(Special)Hons.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Vocabulary of GA
Genome
Collection of all
chromosomes
Genetic information is
stored in the chromosomes
Chromosome
Each chromosome is build
of DNA
Collection of Genes
Locus
The position of a gene on
the chromosome.
Trait
Aspect (features) of a
chromosome
Subha Fernando, Dr.Eng, M.Eng, B.Sc(Special)Hons.
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Genetic Algorithm
Algorithm
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example
Example
Individuals are 10 bits sequence. We let the individuals
evolve to the final goal. Which is a bit sequence such that the
first 5 bits are 0 and the latter 5 are 1.
(1) Encoding
Adopt the bit sequence as the genotype (genotype =
phenotype).
Each bit is a gene.
(2) Initialization
Decide the population size = 6. Each gene (0 or 1) is
decided randomly.
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (2)
(4) Selection in the first generation
Population
Fitness
Fitness Rank
The individuals with the lowest fitness is discarded and replaced by the copy of the highest one.
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (3)
(5) Crossover
st
1st Generation selected individuals before crossover 1 Generation After crossover
1
3
4
Rank
Fitness
Crossover point is selected randomly
Rank
Fitness
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (4)
(6) Mutation with probability 0.001
For a selected bit , if 0 1 or else 10
1st Generation Before Mutation
Rank
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (4)
(6) Mutation with probability 0.001
For a selected bit , if 0 1 or else 10
1st Generation Before Mutation
Rank
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (5)
(3) Selection in the second generation
2nd Generation - Population
1
Rank
Fitness
Rank
Fitness
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (6)
(3) Crossover of the second generation
Fitness
Rank
Rank
Fitness
Genetic Algorithms
Simple example (6)
(3) Crossover of the second generation
Fitness
Rank
Rank
Fitness
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Session Overview
1
Man-Machine Coexistence
Agent-Based Systems
New Challenges for Computer Systems
Characteristics of Agents
Multi-Agent Systems
Applications of Agents
Genetic Algorithm
Biological Exploration
Algorithm and Examples in GA
Ubiquitous Computing
Application and Technology
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Ubiquitous Computing
Introduction
Agent-Based Systems
Genetic Algorithm
Ubiquitous Computing
Ubiquitous Computing
Application and Technology