Pathophysiology

CATARACT

RISK FACTORS

AGING Associated Ocular SYSTEMIC

-Loss of Condition DISEASE PHYSICAL TOXIC FACTOR
lens -Retinitis -Diabetis mellitus FACTORS -Corticosteroids
transparenc -Myopia -Down Syndrome -Dehydration -Alkaline
y -Retinal -Renal Disorders -Blunt Trauma chemical eye
-Clumping Detachment -Musculoskeletal -UV Radiation burns
and -Infection(Herpes Disorders in Sunlight and -Cigarette
aggregation Zoster, Uveitis) X-ray smoking
of Lens -Calcium,
Protein copper,
- iron,Gold
Accumulatio deposits in the
n of yellow lens
to brown
pigment of
lens protein
-↓ Oxygen
Uptake

-↑Na and
Calcium
-↓Levels of
Vit.C,
PRotein
 DISEASE PROCESS

Cells in ↑Water
As it progresses,
the Lens Content
whole lens will be
Degener in the
affected
ates

Obstruct Cellular debris

Macrophages
ion in escapes through
phagocytize
the degenerated
debris
Aqueous capsule in Aqueous
Nursing Interventions:
Humor
Stay on the unaffected site when
conversing.
Use reading material with enlarge print,
when reading.
Signs and Symptoms: Reducing glare with appropriate lighting.
-↓ Visual Acuity -Color Orient the client with his environment
Blindness and assist in climbing stairs / walking.
-Reading difficulty - ↑ intake of Vitamin C, beta-carotene,
Blurred vision Vit.E.
-Nightblindness Medical Interventions:
Surgery-Definitive treatment
Use of corrective eyeglasses, and
contact lenses.
ECCE Use of Mydriatics
with IOL,
OS

Drug Analysis
Possible Complication if
Unsuccessful:
Blindness
↑ICP
 DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS DOSAGE NURSING
OF ACTION IMPLICATION

MEFENAMIC Inhibition of >This medication • Anorexia 500 mg 1 cap TID >Instruct the client to
ACID prostaglandin relieves pain and • Nausea and limit alcohol intake as
synthesis, inhibition reduces Vomiting it may intensify the
of hypothalamic heat inflammation. • Diarrhea drowsiness effect of
regulator center. • Dizziness this medication.
>The medication • Drowsiness
belongs to a class of >It is recommended to
• Skin rashes
drugs called take prescribed doses
nonsteroidal anti- together with food or
inflammatory drugs, milk to prevent GI
upset.

>Instruct the client not

to drive or engage in
potentially hazardous
activities until
response to drug is
known. It may cause
dizziness and
drowsiness.
 DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS DOSAGE NURSING
OF ACTION IMPLICATION

CIPROFLOXACIN Broad-spectrum Use to prevent and • Stomach 500 mg 1 cap >Tell your doctor or
antibiotic that is treat bacterial in upset BID pharmacist if you
active against fection. • loss of are allergic to it; or
both Gram-positive appetite to other quinolone
and Gram-negative • diarrhea antibiotics such
bacteria. It functions • nausea as levofloxacin; or if
by inhibiting DNA • headache you have any other
gyrase, a type • vision allergies. This drug
II topoisomerase, changes may make you dizzy
and topoisomerase dizziness or light-headed;
IV, enzymes >Use caution
necessary to engaging in
separate bacterial activities requiring
DNA, thereby alertness such as
inhibiting cell driving or using
division. machinery.
>Limit alcoholic
beverages.
>This medication
may make you more
sensitive to the sun.
Avoid prolonged sun
exposure, tanning
booths or sunlamps.
>Use a sunscreen
and wear protective
clothing when
outdoors.