Present Simple Tense

Present Simple Tense ( Prosto Sadanje Vreme ) :

Nain graenja :

Gradi se od infinitiva glavnog glagola (go, work,speak, study) u svim licima ,osim treeg
lica jednine gde se za sva tri roda ( he, she, it ) na infinitiv glavnog glagola dodaje
nastavak''s'' ili ''es'' ( goes, works, speaks, studies )

* Ako se glagol zavrava na : ''ss'', ''sh'', ''ch'', ''x'' ili ''o'' u treem licu jednine se
dodaje ''es'' na infinitiv ( kiss-kisses, finish-finishes, watch-watches, mix-mixes,
go-goes )* Ako se glagol zavrava na ''y'', u treem licu jednine se ''y'' menja u
''i'' dodaje se nastavak ''es'' ( study-studies, copy-copies, try-tries, carry-carries )

Prouite ovaj primer :

John is a bus driver, but
now he is in bed asleep.
He is not driving a bus.
( He is asleep. )
but He drives a bus ( He is
a bus driver. )

Drive(s)/work(s)/do(es)
etc. is the present simple

I/we/you/they drive/work/do etc.

He/she/it drives/works/does etc.

Upotreba :

Ovo vreme koristimo za opis stvari koje se deavaju u globalu. Takoe koristimo i za opis
radnje koja se ponavlja ili neto to se stalno deava , ili da je neto generalno
istinito.Nije vano da li se radnja deava u trenutku govora ! :

Nurses look after patients in hospitals.

I usually go away at weekends.
The earth goes round the sun.
The cafe opens at 7:30 in the morning.

Zapamtite :

I work...

ali

He works...

They teach... ali

My sister teaches...

Ne zaboravite da na tree lice jednine ( He, She, It ) dodate nastavak ''s'' !

I work... ali He works
They teach... ali My wife teaches

Do / Does koristimo za upitne i odrine reenice :

Upitna reenica

Odrina reenica

Napomena: Ne postoji ni jedno zavrno -s posle glagola u upitnim i odrinin reenicama!

I come from Serbia. Where do you come from ?

I don't go away very often.
'Would you like a cigarette ? 'No, thanks. I don't smoke.'
What does this word mean? ( not What means this word? )

U sledeim primerima ''do'' je takoe glavni glagol ( do you do/doesn't do ...) :

'What do you do? 'I work in a shop.
He's always so lazy. He doesn't do anything to help.

Present Simple koristimo i kada hoemo da kaemo koliko esto radimo neto:

I get up at 8 o'clock every morning.

How often do you go to the dentist ?
Sandra doesn't drink tea very often.
Robert usually goes away two ot three times a year.

Uz ovo vreme koristimo dve vrste priloga:

1. Prilozi neodreenog vremena:
Often - esto
Allways - Uvek
Usually - Obino
Sometimes - Ponekad
Ovi prilozi stoje na poetku reenice izmeu subjekta i glagola
2. Prilozi odreenog vremena :
In the morning - Ujutro
In the afternoon - Popodne
In the evening - Uvee
On Sunday - Nedeljom

Ovi prilozi stoje na kraju reenice

I promise / I apologise etc.

Ponekad radimo stvari tako sto kaemo neto. Na primer, kada hoete neto da obeate
moete rei ' I promise ...' ; kada hoete neto da predloite, mozete rei ' I suggest '...;
I promise i won't be late. ( not I'm promising )
' What do you suggest i do ?' 'I suggest that you...'
Na isti nain moete rei : I apologise.../ I advise.../ I insist.../ I agree.../ I refuse...etc

Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense ( Sadanje Trajno

Vreme )
Nain graenja :
Gradi se od prezenta pomonog glagola To be + Present participle
glavnog glagola .
Present participle ( Sadanji particip ) se gradi tako to na infinitiv
glagola dodamo nastavak 'ing', a ako se infinitiv glagola zavrava na
'e', onda prvo odbijamo 'e' od infinitiva i dodajemo nastavk 'ing'.

Prouite ovaj primer :

Jennifer is in her car.

She is on her way to

work.
She is driving to work.

To znai : ona upravo vozi, znai ba sad dok priamo se deava

radnja. Akcija nije zavrena .
Taj momenat trajne radnje, koja se deava ba sada je Sadanje trajno vreme.

Am/ Is/ Are + glagol + ing je Present Continuous

- You are working.

- Are you working ?
- You are not working.

Pomoni
glagol To be

go+ing = going
work+ing = working
sleep + ing = sleeping

i+am = i'm
is+not = isn't
are+not = aren't

 he+is = he's
she+is = she's
it+is = it's

I/You/He/She/It - jednina
* We/You/They - mnozina

The Present Continuous se uglavnom koristi za neto to se deava u trenutku govora,

neto to traje i jo se nije zavrilo:

Turn down the music please. I'm trying to work.

'Where's Steve ?' ' He's having a dinner. '
I am sitting down, because i am tired.
They are reading their lessons.

Nije neophodno da se radnja deava u trenutku govora. Na primer:

Sophie is talking to a friend on the phone. She says: '' I'm watching a really good movie at
the moment. It's about man who...''
Sophie ne gleda film u trenutku govora, ona je poela da gleda ali nije zavrila jo, u sred
radnje je.

Evo jo nekih slinih primera :

John wants to work in Spain, so he's learning Spanish (to ne mora da znai, da on
ui panski u trenutku govora)
Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope to finish in next
summer.
Present continuous koristimo i za planove za budunost, tada koristimo i vremenske
priloge za budunost:

-Today
-Tomorrow
-This week
-This year
-Next month , i tako dalje...

Primeri :
She is staying at the Hotel Hilton tonight.
He is teaching Italian this semester.
I'm going to Paris next month.
My brother is working hard today.

Present Perfect Tense ( Sadanje Sloeno Vreme )

Nain graenja:
Pomoni glagol 'To have' + Past participle glavnog glagola.
Kod pravilnih glagola proli particip gradimo tako to na infinitiv dodajemo nastavak -ed
( worked, studied...) Nepravilni glagoli imaju poseban past participle koji se mora nauiti
napamet (went,spoken, seen...) dakle koristimo treu kolonu iz tabele neprevilnih glagola.
Prouite ovaj primer :

Tom is looking for his keys.

He can't find it.
He has lost his keys.
He has lost his keys. To
znai : Skoro je izgubio
kljueve i jo uvek ne moe
da ih nae
Have/Has lost je Present
Perfect

Jednina :
- I have
watched
- You have watched
- He has watched
- She has watched
- It has watched
Mnoina :
- We have watched

- You have watched

- They have watched

Oblici :

Present
perfect
koristimo :
Da opiemo
radnju u
neodreenoj
prolosti.
Takoe
koristimo
ovo vreme da
opiemo
radnju ili
stanje koje je
pocelo u prolosti a nastavlja se u sadanjosti:

Tom has worked in Italy since 2006 (and he still work there)
He hasn't smoked for two years. ( and he still doesn't smoke)
They have lived here for 5 years. (and they still live there)
You don't need your key. I've already opened the door ( and it's still open )

Sa prilozima kao to su ever, already,never,recently, yet,just...

She has never been in Spain.
My friend has been very busy recently.
Da opiemo radnju koja se desila u prolosti a tano vreme nam nije bitno:
They have watched this movie.
She has lost her keys.
Tom has changed his job.
Da govorimo o radnji koja se u skorije vreme zavrila:

 Sarah has just washed her hair

We have just finished our lunch

Pregled glagolskih vremena u engleskom jeziku

Glagolsko vrijeme

A-Pozitivno
N-Negativno
Q - Upino

Ka

Simple Present

A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?

action in the present taking place once, ne

actions taking place one after another
action set by a timetable or schedule

Present Continous

A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?

action taking place in the moment of spea

action taking place only for a limited peri
action arranged for the future

A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?

action in the past taking place once, never

actions taking place one after another
action taking place in the middle of anoth

A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?

action going on at a certain time in the pa

actions taking place at the same time
action in the past that is interrupted by an

Simple Past

Past Continous

A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Present Perfect Simple Q: Has he spoken?
Present Perfect ContinuousA: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.

putting emphasis on the result

action that is still going on
action that stopped recently
finished action that has an influence on th
action that has taken place once, never or

putting emphasis on the course or duratio

action that recently stopped or is still goin

Past Perfect Simple

Q: Has he been speaking?

finished action that influenced the presen

A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?

action taking place before a certain time i

sometimes interchangeable with past perf
putting emphasis only on the fact (not the

A: He had been speaking.

N: He had not been speaking.
Past Perfect Continuous Q: Had he been speaking?

action taking place before a certain time i

sometimes interchangeable with past perf
putting emphasis on the duration or cours

Future I Simple

A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?

action in the future that cannot be influen

spontaneous decision
assumption with regard to the future

Future I Simple
(going to)

A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?

decision made for the future

conclusion with regard to the future

Future I Progressive

A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?

action that is going on at a certain time in

action that is sure to happen in the near fu

Future II Simple

A: He will have spoken.

N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?

action that will be finished at a certain tim

Future II Progressive

A: He will have been speaking.

N: He will not have been speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?

action taking place before a certain time i

putting emphasis on the course of an actio

Conditional I Simple

A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?

action that might take place

A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Conditional I Continuous Q: Would he be speaking?

Conditional II Simple

A: He would have spoken.

N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?

action that might take place

putting emphasis on the course / duration

action that might have taken place in the p

A: He would have been speaking.

N: He would not have been speaking.
Conditional II Continuous Q: Would he have been speaking?

action that might have taken place in the p

puts emphasis on the course / duration of

1. Present Simple

a) nain graenja:
--> za prvo i drugo lice jednine i sva lica mnoine: od infinitiva glagola (go, work, speak,
study).
--> za tree lice jednine se na infinitiv dodaje nastavak "s" ili "es". (goes, works, speaks,
studies).
* Ako se glagol zavrava na "ss", "sh" "ch", "x" ili "o", u treem licu jednine se dodaje
"es" na infinitiv (kiss - kisses, finish - finishes, watch - watches, mix - mixes, go goes).
* Ako se glagol zavrava na "y", u treem licu jednine se "y" menja u "i" i dodaje se
nastavak "es". (study - studies, copy - copies, try - tries, carry - carries)
b) upotreba:
- za opis radnji koje se ponavljaju (+ predstavljanje navika):
Blue gets up at 6 o'clock every morning.
- za opis relativno trajnih (permamentnih) stanja:
An AMF fights malware.
- za opis generalnih istina:
The Earth moves around the Sun.
- za opis linih osobina:
Saten likes chocolate.

- za opis naunih injenica:

Water boils at 100C.
- za predstavljanje naslova u novinama:
George Clooney's pet pig heads to Hog Heaven
- za opis fiksnog reda vonje:
The train leaves at 9.30 AM
- kada govorimo o ljudima i stvarima u optem smislu:
People make choices because they can't have everything they want.
- kada dajemo instrukcije:
Pour all ingredients into a mixing bowl and mix until smooth.

2. Present Continuous

a) nain graenja:
--> prezent od pomonog glagola "to be" + Present Participle glavnog glagola.
// oblik: infinitiv + ing se naziva Present Participle.
b) upotreba:
- za opis akcija koje se deavaju u trenutku govora:
Look, XY is trolling again.
- za opis tekueg procesa koji traje (ali se ne deava ba u trenutku govora):
I am studying Medicine.
- za opis planirane akcije u budunosti:
Srki is buying a car this week.
- za opis privremenih akcija koje se deavaju u nekom vremenskom periodu (today, this
week, this semester, this year):
I'm living with my parents at the moment but soon I'll buy my own house.
- za opis tekuih trendova:
MyCity is rising constantly because of forum quality.
- za opis radnji koje se ponavljaju i koje su iritantne za govornika:
Aca is always getting into trouble in school.

3. Present Perfect

a) nain graenja:
--> prezent pomonog glagola "to have" + Past Participle glavnog glagola.
//Past Participle se gradi kao "infinitiv" + "ed", kod pravilnih glagola. Kod nepravilnih
treba pogledati i nauiti particip (III kolona iz tabele nepravilnih glagola).
b) upotreba:
- za opis akcija zapoetih u prolosti, a koje su se upravo zavrile:
I have just written my article.
- za opis akcija koje su se desile u prolosti, sa vidljivim posledicama:
I have twisted my ankle.
- esto se koristi kada se ne pominju vremenske odrednice:
Gerry has failed his exam again.
- za opis akcija koje su se desile u skorije vreme:
Ben has just arrived in Victoria.
- upotreba sa "for" i "since":
* for - za oznaavanje vremenskog perioda: Greg has lived here for 20 years.
* since - za oznaavanje poetka perioda: Greg has lived here since 1978.
- za diskusiju o generalnom ivotnom iskustvu:
Have you ever worked abroad?
- za posmatrane akcije koje su se ve jednom desile u prolosti:
She has already printed this page.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

a) nain graenja:
--> present perfect od pomonog glagola "to be" (dakle, have been ili has been) + present
participleglavnog glagola.
b) upotreba:
- za opis radnji koje su trajale neko vreme u prolosti i skoro zavrile (sa vidljivim
rezultatom):
I'm tired because I've been running.
- za opis akcija koje su poele u prolosti i jo traju (esto se koriste "for" i "since"):
I have been reading for 2 hours.
- prilikom opisa nedovrenih radnji (u sprezi sa Present Perfect Tense):
I have been cleaning the house but I still havent finished.
- za naglaavanje trajanja aktivnosti:
I have been writing letters all morning.

(2) Prola vremena

1. Past Simple (Preterite)

a) nain graenja:
Potvrdni oblik [+]: gradi se od prolog vremena glagola, koji se kod pravilnih glagola
dobija dodavanjem nastavka -ed na infinitiv (ili nastavka -d kad se infinitiv zavrava na
-e). Kod nepravilnihglagola, prolo vreme se "ui napamet", i to je druga kolona iz tabele
nepravilnih glagola.
* Primer sa pravilnim glagolom: "I helped."
* Primer sa nepravilnim glagolom: "I saw an interesting post yesterday."
Odrini oblik [-]: gradi se tako to se na odrian oblik prolog vremena glagola "to do"
(did not ili skraeno didn't) doda infinitiv glavnog glagola.
Primer: "I didn't pay my rent."
Upitni oblik [?]: gradi se pomou prolog vremena glagola to do (dakle did) i glavnog
glagola uinfinitivu, s tim da --> prvo ide pomoni glagol, pa subjekat pa glavni glagol.
Primer: "Did you go?"
Upitne reenice mogu poinjati i sa upitnim reima (when, where, what, why ).
Primer 1: "When did you travel to America?"
Primer 2: "Where did he go last night?"
b) upotreba:
- zavrene radnje u odreeno (poznato) vreme u prolosti:
Last month, I traveled to a concert in Uzice.
- za nekoliko radnji u prolosti koje se dogaaju zaredom:
I finished work, went to Rzav, and found a nice beach.
- za trajanje neke radnje u prolosti:
We talked on the phone for half an hour.
- za neku naviku iz prolosti:
I worked in a bar after school.
- za neke injenice iz prolosti:
He didn't like tomatoes before.
- za neke reenice sa uslovom, koje poinju sa when:
When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

2. Past Continuous

a) nain graenja:
Potvrdni oblik [+]: gradi se tako to na prolo vreme glagola to be (was ili were)
dodamo particip prezenta glavnog glagola.
//particip prezenta se gradi dodavanjem nastavka -ing na infinitiv.
Primer 1 (sa was): "She was reading."
Primer 2 (sa were): "We were playing."
Odrini oblik [-]: gradi se isto kao i potvrdni oblik s tim to na was ili were dodajemo not
(was not iliwasn't i were not ili weren't)
Primer: "She was not/wasn't reading. "
Upitni oblik [?]: gradi se inverzijom, odnosno menjanjem mesta subjekta i prolog
vremena glagola "to be" u reenici.
Primer: "Was she playing?".
b) upotreba:
- prekinuta radnja u prolosti:
I was watching TV when she called.
- dve istovremene radnje u prolosti:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
- konstantno ponavljanje neke iritirajue radnje u prolosti (najesce rei su always ili
constantly):
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
Vano: Razlikujte Past Continuous i Past Simple!
Past Simple: "Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner."
To znai da je radnja poela tano u 18h.
Past Continuous: "Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner."
To znai da je radnja poela pre, ali da je trajala i u 18h.
Takoe, razlikujte i ove dve upotrebe Past Simple-a i Continuous-a:
Past Simple: "I was studying when she called."
Past Continuous: "While I was studying, she called."

3. Past Perfect (Pluperfect)

a) nain graenja:
Potvrdni oblik [+]: gradi se od prolog vremena glagola "to have" (had) i prolog
participa glagola.
//proli particip glagola moe biti pravilan (gradi se dodavanjem nastavka -ed na
infinitiv), ili nepravilan (trea kolona u tabeli nepravilnih glagola).
Primer: "I had saved my document before the computer crashed. "
Odrini oblik [-]: gradi se isto kao i potvrdni oblik s tim to na had dodajemo not(had not)
Primer: "You had not studied English before you moved to New York. "
Upitni oblik [?]: gradi se inverzijom, odnosno menjanjem mesta subjekta i prolog
vremena glagola "to have" u reenici.
Primer: "You had not studied English before you moved to New York?"
b) upotreba:
- upotrebljava se za radnju koja se zavrila pre neke druge radnje
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
- trajanje neke radnje u prolosti pre neke druge (kod svrenih glagola):
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
- tano odreeno vreme neke radnje:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in
1996.
* za razliku od Present Perfect-a, uz Past Perfect je mogue koristiti tane vremenske
odrednice. Iako je mogue, najee nije potrebno.
Napomene:
Ako u reenici postoji before/after, mogue je Past Perfect zameniti Past Simple-om:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in
1996.
She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

Obe reenice su pravilne.

Obrati panju!
Ako se ne naglasi tano vreme u reenici, Past Simple ne moe zameniti Past Perfect.
She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska.
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.

4. Past Perfect Continuous

a) nain graenja:
Potvrdni oblik [+]: gradi se od prolog vremena glagola "to have" (had) , prolog
participa glagola "to be" (been) i sadanjeg participa glavnog glagola.
Primer: "You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. "
Odrini oblik [-]: gradi se isto kao i potvrdni oblik s tim to na had dodajemo not(had not)

Primer: "You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally
arrived."
Upitni oblik [?]: gradi se inverzijom, odnosno menjanjem mesta subjekta i prolog
vremena glagola "to have" u reenici.
Primer: "Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?"
b) upotreba:
- trajanje neke radnje u prolosti pre neke druge:
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
- razlog za neto u prolosti:
Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous
Ako se u reenici ne nae neka re koja odreuje duinu radnje, englezi koriste Past
Continuous ee nego Past Perfect Continuous.
Budite oprezni jer to moe promeniti znaenje reenice.
--> Past Continuous naglaava prekinute radnje,
--> dok Past Perfect Continuous naglaava trajanje radnje pre neke druge.
Prouite primere ispod da biste shvatili razliku.
Primeri:
He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
Ova reenica nam pokazuje da je on bio umoran zato sto je vebao u tom momentu.
He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
Ova reenica nam pokazuje da je on bio umoran zato sto je vebao due vreme. Mogue
je da i dalje veba, ili da je upravo zavrio sa vebanjem.

(3) Budua vremena

1. Future Simple

a) nain graenja:
Gradi se od pomonog glagola will/shall + infinitiv glavnog glagola.
* shall se moe koristiti u prvom licu jednine i mnoine (nije greka ako se stavi will).
b) upotreba:
- za radnju koja e se desiti u budunosti u odreeno vreme
He will get up at 6 AM.
- za dobrovoljnu akciju
I will get you some juice.
- za davanje obeanja
I will call you, as soon as I return from Parise.
- za izraavanje planske odluke
I will spend my vacation in Egypt.

2. Future Continuous

a) nain graenja:
Gradi se od pomonog glagola will + pomoni glagol to be + present participle glavnog
glagola.
b) upotreba:
- Trajno budue vreme oznaava radnju koja e trajati izvesno vreme u budunosti.
I will be playing rugby at 9 am tomorrow.
It will be raining when you return.

3. Future Perfect

a) nain graenja:
Gradi se od pomonog glagola will + pomoni glagol to have + past participle glavnog
glagola
b) upotreba:
- za radnju koja e se desiti pre neke druge radnje u budunosti
When you arrive, the bus will have left.
- za radnju koja e se desiti i zavriti do odreenog vremena u budunosti
They will have left the library by 4 PM.

4. Future Perfect Continuous

a) nain graenja:
Gradi se od pomonog glagola will + pomoni glagol to have + past participle od glagola
to be +present participle glavnog glagola.
b) upotreba:
- za izraavanje radnje koja traje, i trajae do odreenog budueg vremena ili trenutka u
budunosti, a ne u nekom odreenom trenutku u budunosti.
At 8 PM, I will have been working for 12 hours

[2] Pregled ekvivalenata u pasivu

Glagoli imaju dva stanja:

a) aktiv (radno stanje)
b) pasiv (trpno stanje).
* Ako subjekat reenice vri radnju, glagol je u aktivu.
Mcrule plays basketball every day.
* Ako subjekat reenice trpi radnju, glagol je u pasivu.
Basketball is played every day.
Nain graenja:
--> objekat aktivne reenice (basketball) postaje subjekat pasivne reenice
--> gradi se od odgovarajueg vremena od glagola to be + past participle glavnog glagola.
* "odgovarajue vreme" glagola to be, je konzistentno sa vrstom vremena koje se koristi
u aktivnoj reenici.
// gore, u primeru, glagol aktiva je bio u Present Simple Tense (plays), pa je zbog toga u
oblik u pasivuis played.
za ostale oblike pasiva, pogledati tabelu.