SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

www.greenspec.co.uk

12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Low Carbon Lifestyles Carbon in Fuel, Energy, Heat?
• Carbon in isolation? • Fossil Fuels release CO2 when burned

Community low • Can you ignore other issues?

– Water
• Transport: people and goods: fuel
• Heating Lighting Cooling Ventilating

carbon lifestyles – Material Resource efficency v Waste

– Natural v Chemicals & Health & Safety
• Power to engines, pumps, etc.
• Communications & IT power to and
• They all have a Carbon load cooling of computers and servers
• So I think not • Wasted fuel, energy, heat and coolth

www.greenspec.co.uk

Carbon in Water? Carbon in Materials? 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

• Chemicals & Purifying, Pumping, • Embodied carbon in materials

Irrigating, Softening, Heating, Washing, • In buildings, purchases, goods,
Cleaning, Bathing, Power Showering,
• Wasted water: leaks, excess and
• Food, water and drink miles
• And in wasted materials
Community
evaporation
• Bottled water from any distance • And don’t forget methane from waste in
– Food miles
landfill (21 x GWP of CO2)

Community Community Internet Communities

• with particular reference to ‘communities’ • What is its form
– Dispersed or local group • DIY Kyoto
• bear in mind that a community can be virtually
any group:
• Dispersed
– Local Authority
• Wattson
– School/University Campus
– Village – Village/ Town/ City • USB Connection
– Street – Housing Association

• Local Group
• Internet Community
– School
– Urban University Buildings
– Faith group – Street, Housing, Factory or Business Estate • compare note on your performance
– Block of flats
– Local authority – New Development
– Parish – Parish
– Faith Group
– Housing association.

© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 1

SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

DIY Kyoto
• Wattson 01
• Real time read-out of energy consumption of
building
• Real time cost read-out too
• www.Diykyoto.com
• Recycled school furniture
• Hand made was £395.00
• Now into batch production RRP £149.50
• pre-orders now on-line at £125.00
• Quantity discounts available

www.greenspec.co.uk
School children influence community
Cut the Carbon Game 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1
Lifestyles: Time
• Time = Money

Low v High Carbon • Fast v Slow

• Family time v Commuting time
Lifestyles • In your face smart meters v nothing
• Awareness v carelessness
Implied criticism
Green v Violet • Manual v automatic
Good v Bad • reading manuals v Intuition & error

Lifestyles: Economies Lifestyles: Travel & Transport Lifestyles: Drinking Water

• Community v Independence • Solar thaw out v chemical frost melt (car windscreen)
– Developing community awareness, spirit & involvement
• Tap water v French green bottle water
• Walking Bus & Cycling v 4x4
– Neighbourhood watch might be the start: better reasons? • Tap water v filtered tap water
• Cycling routes & racks v congestion & pollution
• Barter, Acorns, Lets v money
– Shared skills and resources for community benefits • Car Sharing & Transport plan v Lone drivers • Filtered tap water v Bottled
– No cash transfers, credits
– Tax man wants his cut either way
• Public transport v Car door to door • Tap filtered chilled water v Bottled
• Pootling along v Thrashing it
• Local v cheapest • Local bottled v imported bottled
– Local support of local economy and employment • Enjoy the Journey v focus on destination and ETA
• Buy British v EU Procurement Rules • Explore UK v Fly the world • Starch based bottles v plastic bottles
• Fair pay v Pound shops • Local v imported transported

© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 2

SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

www.greenspec.co.uk

12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Lifestyles: Drink Lifestyle: Food Lifestyle: Resources
• Taste v Appearance
• Reusable bottles v throw away • Resourceful v Squandering
• Seasonal v imported out of season
• Flip top bottles v bottle caps/tops • Local v Flown in • Thrift v Excess (to waste)
• Fairtrade v International exploitation
• Reusable milk bottle v recyclable carton • Fresh v Frozen
• What you want v what is bundled
or plastic • Indigenous v intrusive • Charity gifting v dumping
– Supporting local pollinators
• Reusable beer bottle v unique shape
• Organic v intensive chemical
• Reusable glass or plastic coke bottle v • Natural v Genetic Modified
recycled • Free range v battery
05/04/2008 © NGS 2008 SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 26 • Vegetarian v animals, fish and birds

Lifestyles: Waste > Resource Lifestyles Buildings: Lifestyles Services water

• Segregation v mixed waste • Winter Gardens Sun spaces v Heated Conservatories • Busy plumber v Dripping tap
• Weather lobby v Portico & Porte Cochere
• Composting v landfill • Short showers v deep baths
• Insulated v heated
• Topsoil enrichment v landfill • Generous Showers v Power Showers
• Solar Shaded v cooled
• Water saving taps v water hammer
• Recycle v Waste > buy recycled • Solar Shading v Architectural frippery
• Airtight v cold, windy, noisy • Aerated/Sprinkler v percussion / push taps
• Recycled v Virgin (Primary)
• Moisture mass v extractors or air conditioning • Foaming soap dispenser v Liquid soap
• Secondary v Virgin (Primary) – Or mould, relevant to fuel poverty
• Rain forest v Soya plantation (liquid soap)
• Thermal mass v lightweight
– Appropriate heating/cooling to suit building fabric weight • Proximity taps v germs or soap residues

Lifestyles Services Lifestyle Services Heating/Cooling Lifestyle Services Ventilation

• Natural v artificial • Cheap Insulation v expensive heating / • Stack Effect v Mechanical Ventilation,
cooling plant
• Appropriate services v EcoBling or Heaters
• Airtightness v heating
• Passive design v mechanical/electrical • Cold bridge elimination v heating • Wind pressure v Fans or Pumps
services • Solar orientation v heating • Open windows v Mechanical ventilation
• Passive & Active v mechanical services • Solar Gains v heating • Purging heat by passive venting v Air-
• Thermal mass v heating or cooling conditioning Cooling
• Purging heat by passive venting v Air-
conditioning Cooling
• Solar shading v Air conditioning

© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 3

SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle
Lifestyle Services Lighting
• PIR detection v switching
• Zoned lighting at glass v all on all time
• Task lighting v uniformly high light level
• Timed lighting v 24 hours
• Alarm triggered safe lighting v 24 hours
Carbon Hierarchy: Reality
Missed Remove Status quo
Opportunity Prevails
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
Return
Reject
Remove Demand: Wasted Fuel
Energy Heat
• Do not install heating in conservatories
• Do not remove doors and windows
between building and conservatories
© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy
05/04/2008
Lifestyle External works and
Carbon Hierarchy: Ambition
landscape:
• Bike Parking v Car standing
Cost Remove Effort
effective
• Natural ponds v Heated pools Reduce
• Daylight & moonlighting v floodlight Reuse
• Observation v indicator lights
• Food Growing v Decoration
Recycle
• Indigenous species v exotic Recover
• Drought tolerant v sprinklers and irrigation Return
• Play spaces v no balls, sports, fun, life
Reject
• Green Grids v Isolated and unsafe
www.greenspec.co.uk
12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1
Remove Demand: Fuel Energy Heat
• Remove the need to heat and cool, by
design:
Fuel Energy Heat
– Do keep doors and windows between
conservatories and buildings
– Maximise heat capture and exploit it later
– Use thermal mass to store heat for later
– Ventilate top and bottom to enable natural
cooling
Reduce: Fuel Energy Heat Reuse: Fuel Energy Heat
• Reduce the heat loss • Heat from energy generation in CHP
– insulation, airtightness, cold bridges, • Reuse heat gained in conservatories in
weather stripping the buildings
• Reduce the heat gains • Reuse the heat gained in the day into
– External solar shading of glass the evening
– External solar shading of walls
• Reduce the use of internal solar shading
– Capture and re-radiate heat internally
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SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

Reuse: Wasted Fuel Energy Heat Recover: Fuel Energy Heat Return: Fuel Energy Heat
• Hot air from plant rooms • Energy from waste • Return excess to requirement to the
• Heat from compressors • Anaerobic digestion: Methane/Fuel grid and collects from grid when
demands are higher
• Heat from transformers • Combustion of waste with heat recovery
• Heat recovered from mechanical • Extra care with pollutants
ventilation extraction to heat building or
hot water
• Heat from refrigeration plant

www.greenspec.co.uk

Reject: Fuel Energy Heat 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Mind Maps
• Wasting energy • Gifford have a number of mind maps
• Leaving lights on: Control it Commercial • The following is the first
• Excess Heat: Question it
• Squandering lifestyles: Challenge it Green • Inspired by early Archigram work
• They have more, but despite GreenSpec
• Make it your responsibility attempts they do not want them in the
© Andrew Pettifer public domain via GreenSpec
• “Warning: very hot water”: Why? Gifford and Partners
• One day we hope they will bring them to
the market themselves

In a complex world……. A perspective on building technologies for the mainstream UK

Architecture

Prerequisites, easy, low costs Straightforward, work well, standalone, better communal Nice to have, more effort required, expensive
Site – Orientation
Building shape and form www.greenspec.co.uk
Winter Atria Winter Garden
Metal windows Low E Argon Best Windows: Low E Argon Wood ___ Low E Triple Glazing Light Shelves
Domestic Passive Solar Overhangs – Shading Fixing external Shades Colour _____ Shading Move
Open Plan Layout Mixed space Layout Cellular Layout
Exposed Mass Mass Improved Roof Sedum Roof Turf Roof Earth Sheltering
Timber Construction Transparent Insulation
12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

0.00 Insulation Best Practice Insulation Green Insulation Ultimate Insulation

Air/Heat Commercial Air tightness
Membranes
Proven Large Scale Products

Domestic Air tightness Domestic near-zero heat

g
Height (Stratification)

in o
Holistic Communities
Active Natural Ventilation

l
Holistic Buildings

Existing Community
Engineering

Heat Recovery Sol Air

oB t g
Draught Ventilation Night Ventilation Mixed Mode Ventilation Comfort cooling Air Conditioning
Functional Checks Displacement Ventilation Desiccant cooling

Ec on’ re
Low E Lighting Low E Appliances Simple Light Controls Complex lighting controls
High Efficiency Boiler Low Temp Heating Condensing Boilers Low Temp Diff Cooling Chilled ceiling / beams
Local Controls Zoned Controls Optimised Controls BMS
Variable Speed Pumps Variable Speed Drives

D the Buildings
Reducing Heat gains Zoning TFT Monitors (arrived sooner)
Widening Comfort Targets Improved ____ Heating/Cooling
Plant Insulation
Window Design
Sustainable

Day-lighting Views Vegetation Shading Permeable Landscape

Landscape Use ______ Cooling Wind Driven Ventilation Poke Hole C
Simple Material Choices Determined Materials Choices Mixed available materials
Gas/Oil/Electricity
Reducing Waste/Recycling/Life Cycle
BioMass Heat Pump Air-Ground
Adaptability/Flexibility
Hydro Wind
Solar Thermal Reuse building but reduce carbon demand
Simple Water Use Reduction Better Appliances CHP Micro – CHP Fuel Cells
Land Use
Rainwater Harvesting Greywater Recycling
Improve use and efficiency
Now +5years +10 +50
Part L & CfSH Kyoto Targets CfSH Energy White Paper
-20% CO2 -60% CO2

© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 5

SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

www.greenspec.co.uk

Look at the buildings first 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Schools Look at the building fabric
• Multifunctional Community Buildings • Does it need an extension or addition? • Is it well insulated, airtight and cold
• Or other buildings put to community use • Or a better time table? bridge free?

• Potential 7 day week and up to 24 hour • Maximise/optimise use of rooms • Could it be improved towards zero
day use carbon demand?
• Bigger rooms or a better furniture
• Maximise the spread of energy layout • Does insulation control solar gains?
demands through the 24 hours • CSR points: offer space to community • Insulation characteristics: Thermal
• Intermittent use and intermittent Resistance? Thermal Mass? Thermal
heating causes inefficiency 05/04/2008 © NGS 2008 SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 57 Inertia? Decrement? Hygroscopicity?

www.greenspec.co.uk
Distributed v Dispersed or Local
Renewables and local supply
12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Services
• Grid supply is created elsewhere • Avoid extending grid at great expense

Energy
– supporting elsewhere economies • Solar thermal is economic for hot water and in
• Grid supply has transmission losses wall or in floor heating
• Infrastructure is unsightly, expensive to • Wind turbines built to supply local demands

Technologies create and expensive to extend

• Local supply supports local economy
• Solar Photo Voltaic power can be economic to
supply specific small off-grid demands

Reduce demand and the carbon load of energy • Make it and use it locally • Heat extracted from exhaust: heat water
• Off-grid communities and applications can • Balanced mix work better than individual
Reduce or avoid reliance on grid supplied energy
avoid expenses • If grid available: feed excess to grid

Ground source heat pumps Water Source Heat pumps Air source heat pumps
• Effective efficient supply of energy • Economic to install if water source is • Can provide economic source of energy
• More economic to install as part of a new close by for heating and cooling
development • Can provide efficient economic energy • Create local thermal pollution
• Install when site investigation or piling occurs
• Thermal Pollution in small or static • Can exploit other’s thermal pollution
• Uneconomic to retrofit water sources • Retrofit is unsightly
• Less efficient if heating and cooling – just like air conditioning units,
• Can be incorporated in pavement and tennis • more ‘round the back’ than ever
courts as large solar panels
• can be in attic spaces

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SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

Larger Systems
• Often work better than many small
• Overheads of many similar parts
• Inefficiency of many smaller parts
• Wind turbines are an obvious example
• Domestic roof mounted turbines often cannot
work well and deliver little energy
Private Heat Power Comms.
• Expensive infrastructure if dispersed
community
• Relatively cheap to place during
construction more expensive to retrofit
• Balance the demand loading and the
supply appliance sizes of
CHP Combined Heat and power
• More efficient than Power only, whilst heat
and water goes up the cooling towers
• But balanced demands are important too
– Domestic demands relatively low across the day
and higher in the evening and weekend
– Commercial demands high in the day low in the
evening and night, low to zero at weekend

• Large wind turbines serving many can be big multifunctional buildings if part of the – Hospitals 24 hour operation lower demand at night

enough to generate good supply community – Universities can balance education in day and
residential in the evening and weekends

Wind ESCo Energy Service Companies Funding mechanisms

• Hockerton village are buying a second-
hand big wind turbine to power village
• Same village successfully objected to
HHPs wind turbine for 3 years
• Swaffham village had 1turbine, 2, now
many
• Peterborough to Cambridge rail route
100 turbines on show, delightful ride
• They supply the expensive kit • ZEDfabric have funding system to
• You pay the current fuel bills and kit enable spread out payments
repayment instalments over long period – Repayments = fuel bill
• Small scale project or community may • Communities of like minded buyers
be preclusive – Quantity Discounts
• If you don’t ask you don’t get • One Planet Products
• ZEDfabric

BDA & BedZED

• Climate Neutral Toolkit: in use Zero Carbon Emissions, Low
impact in production
• Buyers Club
– Bulk buying discounts

• ZEDfactory > ZEDproducts

– Building Fabric, FFE,

• ZEDfabric (servises fabrications) whole house systems

– PV, ST, ActiveVentilation, etc.

• Mortgage available
– Repayments = monthly fuel bill

• www.zedfactory.com

© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 7

SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle
BioRegional One Planet Products
• Spin off from BedZED
• Low carbon lifestyle products
• Potential scope:
–
–
Low energy & water use White Goods
Low water use sanitaryware: WCs, Taps
– Electric Car, Electric Scooter
– etc.
• Buying club
– Quantity Discounts
• www.oneplanetproducts.com
Remove: Wasted Water
• Remove the need for Foul water sewers
• Replace with on-site composting toilets
for off-grid sites
• Replace with septic tanks, and
replenish ground water
• Fit settlement tanks, Cesspits?
Reduce: Water demand
• Avoid sprinklers that deliver water to
evaporate on hot days
• Install in ground irrigation systems
• Avoid gravity irrigation systems
delivering excess at low points
• Install pressurised irrigation systems
with resistance valves delivering equal
amounts of water at all points
© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy
05/04/2008
www.greenspec.co.uk
12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1
Remove: Water demand
• Remove the need for surface water sewers in
new developments
• Replace with soakaways, harvesting and
Water SUDS
• Use permeable pavement
• Remove need for bottled water
Reduce demand and the carbon load of water
• Mains filtered chilled or heated water avoid
Reduce or avoid reliance on grid supplied water bottled water at sinks
• Install waterless urinals
Reduce: Water demand Reduce: Water demand
• Retrofit water regulating/isolating valves on • Fit water meters, smart meters
all water supplies to taps and appliances, set
low by default • Fit visible readouts for monitoring
• Retrofit water saving WC cistern
• Fit aerators on taps and showers
• Fit sprinkler taps
systems
• Replace WCs with low & dual flush WCs
• Replace percussion taps with proximity taps
• Fit A++ water efficient white goods,
• Fit proximity taps in all cases
washing machines and dish washers
• Recycle batteries (hazardous waste)
Reduce: Water demand Reduce: Wasted Water
• Install water misers on urinal flush • Leaking pipes
• Replace Urinal flush pipe systems with • Invisible overflow pipes
individual proximity flushes • Overflow pipes with Tees (discharge
• Fit waterless urinals onto walls)
• Fit female urinals! • Uninsulated hot water pipes to taps
• Lengths of dead-legs on hot and cold
supply pipes
• Replace dead legs on hot water pipes
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SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

Reduce: Wasted water Reuse: Water Reuse: Wasted Water

• Reduce Water run off to sewers • Reuse rainwater to flush toilets, irrigate • Reuse Greywater to flush toilets
• Store the surface water under landscape, wash vehicles
permeable pavement or replenish the
ground water table

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12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Recycle: Water Recycle: Waste water 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1
Recover: Water
• Rainwater and reuse to flush toilets, • Greywater and reuse in irrigation • Put water through hydro electric power
irrigate landscape, wash vehicles • Blackwater to create compost for generation and recover energy
garden

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12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Return: Water 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1
Reject: Water 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

• Water to the land to top up the ground • Unmetered supplies

Material
water table • Uncontrolled water
• Water to water courses cleaner that you • Only one use of water

Resources
received it

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© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 9

SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

Remove: Material demand Remove: Wasted Materials Reduce: Material demand

• Review if the proposal is necessary at • Site autonomy: no export and no import • Do not over design
all • Resign to reuse materials found or • Standardise
• Reuse materials found on site generated on site • Modularise
• Redesign to avoid waste at all • Rationalise
• Avoid over specification

Recycle: Wasted Materials

Reduce: Wasted Materials Reuse: Materials
Resources
• Reconsider the design to use off-cuts • Existing buildings • Demolition materials to make hardcore
• Deconstruct and reclaim for reuse bases for rainwater storage
within the community • Subsoil with compost to make top soil
• Store excess to requirements for
maintenance and repairs of the
community estate
• Wild turf and topsoil as wild turf and
topsoil

www.greenspec.co.uk

Recover: Wasted Materials 12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Awareness > Action
• Nutrients from Green waste by • Carbon Footprinting
composting to improve soil • Carbon Footprinting Software
• Carbon management
• Nutrients from Kitchen waste by
composting Processes •
•
Training
Monitoring
• Rockets
• Auditing & Reporting
• Policy Strategy & Objectives
• Setting targets
• Action Plans

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SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

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Cut Your Carbon
• EEDA funded campaign

Community • Launch March 08

• Individual and Community Support

Support • £5,000 to £200,000

• www.cutyourcarbon.org.uk

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www.greenspec.co.uk

12/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Resources for Communities Event Attendance
• 10 technical workshops run with over 160 attendees, including:
– ex-miners from Stoke, a Cumbrian community group
• ‘Newark Riverside Water Festival’ for 2
– a team-building event for Notts Environmental Education leaders days in partnership with sustainability
• 8 technical factsheets officer, Newark & Sherwood District
• 6 themed events at HHP Council
• involving approx. 170 visitors, including events for:
– local Jewish community (education), • over 100 engagements and approx. 20
– ‘Rural Rides’ (cycling),
follow-ups.
– ‘Architecture Week’ (sustainable design),
– Hockerton village (sustainable transport),
• Personal environment action plans
– locals (music).
written for 75 visitors to HHP
05/04/2008 © NGS 2008 SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 109

Community Action for Energy (CAfE) The Community Support Panel Support Provided
• Free Energy advice CAfE is an initiative:
• provides an additional way for members • Varies and can include:
• funded by the Energy Savings Trust EST
• managed by the Centre for Sustainable Energy, based in Bristol
of the CAfE network to access free • review of the proposed projects,
expertise and advice to assist them in
• It includes a number of services to assist community-based • face to face advice and telephone
energy projects including: the development of community-based support:
• Good Practice Case Studies
energy projects
• Database of Community-based Projects • 9 members of the CAfE Community
• Community Contact Network Support Panel, offering free help to
• Training Programme CAfE members
• Information on sources of grant funding
• Community Support Panel
• to get their ideas off the ground or to
move their projects forward

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SpecifyingForALowCarbonLifestyle 05/04/2008

Support Provided To Date Liz Reason of R2BC Liz Reason

• more than 23 CAfE members have
• Liz works with clients in organisations and networks to tackle the practical and
emotional obstacles that get in the way of action on climate change • “I knew that the advice was going down well
when the two architects on our committee
benefited from their help on a wide • local charity, county and district councils on plans to set up a carbon-neutral
community centre at Charlbury in Oxfordshire fished out their notebooks and pens and
variety of issues • Having already purchased the land, with community fundraising underway and started writing down the names of suppliers
bids in for £400k,
and costs, “
• HHP joined the CAfE Community • the group was in need of expert advice on constructing an architect’s brief,
• “At the end we had only two questions –
• evidence of the benefits of low-energy design
Support Panel in 2004 and is already • information on full range of grants available.
please would HHP come and supervise the
helping three CAfE members, including construction of our building?
• HHP telephone advice,

Liz Reason • followed by a visit to Oxfordshire to meet the group and talk through their • And if he didn't have the time, please could
proposals and options we clone him!
• CAfE travel bursary to help pay for a visit to Hockerton to see carbon-neutral
buildings first hand. • It was EXACTLY what we needed.”

www.greenspec.co.uk

HHP CAfE team

www.greenspec.co.uk

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• More recently HHP has provided advice for: • T 08701 261 444 to find out more.

• a Derbyshire community centre wishes to

consider more sustainable alternatives to
• Can also be used for any query relating to community energy
initiatives, including: GreenSpec
• advice on sources of funding,
construction and energy use,
• other projects and contacts around the UK
• ‘Energy Centre’ in South Wales. • plus signposting to other relevant programmes and resources.
1 minute Tour

• If you would like some FREE help with your • http://www.est.co.uk/cafe/

community energy project, • http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/cafe/welcome/
• CAfE community support panel offers detailed • T 08701 261 444
face-to-face and phone support anywhere in • Edited from CAfE website and CAfE newsletter, January 2004
the UK.
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• Up to 1½ days free help is available.

www.greenspec.co.uk

08/03/2008 © NGS 2006 Ti tle 1

GreenSpec
Rapid Tour

© NGS 2008 Brian Murphy 12