Science is the knowledge gained by observing the natural world. Meter is the basic unit of length in the SI (symbol, m) atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Compound a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Science is the knowledge gained by observing the natural world. Meter is the basic unit of length in the SI (symbol, m) atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Compound a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
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Science is the knowledge gained by observing the natural world. Meter is the basic unit of length in the SI (symbol, m) atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Compound a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Direitos autorais:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formatos disponíveis
Baixe no formato DOC, PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
Science is the knowledge gained by observing the natural world.
hypothesis an idea or explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested controlled experiment an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group variable a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis meter the basic unit of length in the SI (symbol, m) mass a measure of the amount of matter in an object density the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance qualitative observation descriptive information that is not expressed as a number quantitative observation information that is expressed in terms of quantity or numbers observation the process of obtaining information by using the senses independent variable in an experiment, the factor that is deliberately manipulated dependent variable in an experiment, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more other factors (the independent variables) matter anything that has mass and takes up space atom the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element element a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. compound a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds mixture a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined physical property a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness chemical property a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions law of conservation of mass the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes physical change a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties chemical change a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties liquid the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape gas a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape solid the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed atom the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element electron a subatomic particle that has a negative charge nucleus in physical science, an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons electron cloud a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found proton a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom atomic mass unit a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule neutron a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom neutral lacking a net charge atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element isotope an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass) period in chemistry, a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table group a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties valence electron an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom’s chemical properties ion a charged particle that forms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons covalent bond a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons precipitate a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution exothermic reaction a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings endothermic reaction a chemical reaction that requires heat law of conservation of energy the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another cell in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes and cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction cell membrane a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment prokaryote an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles cell wall a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell ribosome a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis endoplasmic reticulum a system of membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration Golgi complex a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell lysosome a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes diffusion the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density osmosis the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane passive transport the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell active transport the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy endocytosis the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell exocytosis the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane photosynthesis the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food cellular respiration the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food mitosis in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes asexual reproduction reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent sexual reproduction reproduction in which sex cells from two parents unite to produce offspring that share traits from both parents gene one set of instructions for an inherited trait meiosis a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells allele one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color dominance the tendency of certain (dominant) alleles to mask the expression of their corresponding (recessive) alleles recessive describes an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for the trait homozygous describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes heterozygous describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait Punnett square a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross innate behavior an inherited behavior that does not depend on the environment or experience learned behavior a behavior that has been learned from experience adaptation a characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment natural selection the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do ecology the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment biotic describes living factors in the environment abiotic describes the nonliving part of the environment, including water, rocks, light, and temperature population a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area community all of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other ecosystem a community of organisms and their abiotic, or nonliving, environment food web a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem energy pyramid a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem’s food chain carrying capacity the largest population that an environment can support at any given time symbiosis a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other mutualism a relationship between two species in which both species benefit commensalism a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected parasitism a relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed coevolution the evolution of two species that is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more beneficial to both species combustion the burning of a substance biodiversity the number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time erosion the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another deposition the process in which material is laid down delta a fan-shaped mass of material deposited at the mouth of a stream