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Engineering
PART 1
Lecture 1: Introduction, hydrologic
cycle, the state of water in the world,
national and international water bodies
Associated paper: Vörösmarty, CJ. et al. (2000) Global water resources:
vulnerability from climate change and population growth. Science 289:284-288
Lecture notes on Water Resources Management Institute of Environmental
Engineering
Introduction:What is Water
Resources Management?
1950-1970‘ Policy
WRM is a primary engineering task to build dams,
lay pipelines, install pumps, and operate systems
Today‘s Policy
WRM must pursue sustainable development with
measures that manage water for human system,
but at the same time protect and nuture natural
systems for the benefit of future generations
P. Perona - ETH Zurich 2
Lecture notes on Water Resources Management Institute of Environmental
Engineering
Water volumes
transfer across the
globe.
Atmospheric
processes make
water distribution
spread overall the
globe enhancing
either equilibrium
or non equilibrium
local mass
exchanges.
These disparities
are fundamental to
maintain active the
hydrologic cycle
Some definition...
Availability and distribution of water resources on the globe (from Dinar et al. 2007)
In the process of turnover the river runoff is not only recharged quantitatively, but its quality is also
restored. If it were so that man could suddenly stop to contaminate rivers, then with time water could
return its natural purity. So the river runoff, actually representing the renewable water resources, is the
most important component of hydrological cycle. SOURCE: http://webworld.unesco.org/water/
P. Perona - ETH Zurich 13
Lecture notes on Water Resources Management Institute of Environmental
Engineering
Irrigation is by far the largest source of water use which has expanded by
more than fivefolds in a century, albeit the increase per capita is constant
Increased
efficiency in the
food production
agriculture
technology
(FAO, 2005)
Example: how much water do we need to produce our food, cloth and
computers?
Perspective
under CC
Crucial for
International (and
National) Water
bodies, e.g.
Conflicts and
Cooperations
dynamics
SOURCE: Vörösmarty et al. (2000) Science 289:284-288
P. Perona - ETH Zurich 20
Lecture notes on Water Resources Management Institute of Environmental
Engineering
Definitions
• States that are cross or that share entirely or
partially a water course are called Riparian
States
No of The shared
Countries basin
11 Congo, Niger
Somalia, 10 Nile
See
Assignment 2 9 Zambesi
8 Lake Chad
6 Volta
3 Orange
No of The shared
Countries basin
Ganges-
6 Brahmaputra-
Meghna
6 Aral Sea
9 Rhine
6 Kura-Arakas
5 Vistula
No of The shared
Countries basin
8 Amazon
5 La Plata
Conclusions
• Present situation of water resource
• Future situation
• International water bodies may lead in the
future to conflicts, the cure of which is
cooperation
• Basis for a correct management