Faculty of Engineering, D.E.I.

EEM 604

APPLIED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

2015-16
SYLLABUS

III YEAR ELECT.

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, D.E.I.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Course Title: APPLIED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Class: III year (Electrical)

Course No.: EEM 604

Session: 2015-16

Unit 1
1. Explain the System with various definitions and examples.
2. Explain the salient points and outline Systems philosophy
3. What is Systems Approach? Why should one opt for systems approach of understanding?
4. What are the salient aspects of systems approach first articulated by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy.
5. Distinguish between Feed-forward and Feed-back control systems.
6. What do you understand by the term Physical Systems?
7. Give examples of complementary terminal variables i.e. through and across variables in the context of typical
physical systems.
8. Define fundamental across and through variables. Give the list of the same for various physical systems
9. Define the following precisely and explain with help of simple and appropriate example
a. Terminal Graph
h. Forest
o. edge-sequence
b. System Graph
i. Co-forest
p. incidence
c. Edge
j. Cutset
q. Degree of a vertex
d. Path
k. Circuit
r. Multiplicity
e. Branch
l. f-cutset
s. Rank of a graph
f. Chord
m. f-circuit
t. Nullity of a graph
g. Tree of a graph
n. isomorphism
10. Define the following and mention their properties
a. Tree
b. Cutset
d. Terminal graph
Unit 2
11. Find all the possible terminal graphs of a 4 terminal component
12. State and explain the following with suitable examples
a. Fundamental Axiom
b. Component Postulate
c. Vertex Postulate
d. Circuit Postulate
e. Cutset Postulate
13. Draw the symbol, terminal graph, terminal equations of the following components
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Voltage Source
Current Source
Transformer
Transistor

h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.

Mass
Spring
Dashpot
Force driver
Displacement driver
Lever

n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.

Flywheel
Long Shaft
Rotational Damper
Torque driver
Ang. Vel. driver
Gear train

t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
y.

Reservoir (2T)
Reservoir (3T)
Const. Flow rate Pump
Const. discharge pump
Pipe
Resistance

14. Explain how to construct the system graph from the terminal graphs of individual components.
15.

Fig. 15.1

Fig 15.2

Fig 15.3

Fig 15.4

Fig 15.5
Identify the two terminal components, and draw the system graphs of the systems shown above (Fig. 15.1-15.5).
16. What is the significance of A, B and C matrices? For the graph given in Fig 16, form A, B and C matrices

Fig 16
17. For the graphs given in Fig 17, choose formulation tree and
a. Write the vertex, f-circuit and f-cutset equations.
b. Rewrite the f-circuit equations such that all the across variables are expressed in terms of branch across
variables
Rewrite the f-cutset equations such that all the through variables are expressed in terms of chord through
variables

Fig 17.1

18.
19.
20.
21.

Fig 17.2

Fig 17.3
Fig 17.4
For a system graph with n nodes and e edges, Find the number of
a. Branches b. chords
c. f-cutsets
d. f-circuits
e. Rank
f. Nullity
Show that matrices A and B, B and C are orthogonal to each other.
Derive an equation for expressing the relationship between matrices A, Bf and Cf
Choose a formulation forest and write the f-circuit and f-cutset equations for the graph given in Fig 21.

Fig 21
22. For a system graph G of a system which is connected and have e elements and n nodes
a. What is the maximum number of across variables that can be specified arbitrarily
b. What is the maximum number of through variables that can be specified arbitrarily
c. Is there any restriction as to where in the system the through and across drivers can be located? Explain
23. Write a brief about topological restrictions.
24. Explain how to select a tree so that all the topological restrictions are satisfied.
Unit 3
25. Produce symbolic formulation of branch equations.
26. Produce the symbolic formulation of chord equations
27. For the systems given in Fig 27.1 and Fig 27.2, formulate the system equations using Branch formulation.
Assume all initial conditions zero.

Fig 27.1
Fig 27.2
28. For the systems given in Fig 28.1 and Fig 28.2, formulate the system equations using Branch formulation.
Assume all initial conditions zero.

29.
30.
31.

32.

Fig 28.1
Fig 28.2
For the systems given in Fig 27.1 and Fig 27.2, formulate the system equations using Chord formulation.
Assume all initial conditions zero.
For the systems given in Fig 28.1 and Fig 28.2, formulate the system equations using Chord formulation.
Assume all initial conditions zero
For a system with n nodes, e edges, nX across drivers and ny through drivers, find
a. No. of Branch equations
b. No. of Chord equations
c. No. of unknowns in branch equations and chord equations respectively.
For the system given in Fig 32, find the branch and chord equations. Initial voltage across all the capacitors and
initial current through the inductor is non-zero.

Fig 32
33. Represent the system given below by dividing it into meaningful sub-systems. Draw the terminal graphs for both
the representations and comment on number of chord and branch equations that have to be solved
simultaneously at end of formulation

Fig 33
Hint: One possible way is shown in figure using broken lined boxes
34. What is meant by Tree Transformations and why these are useful? Consider a suitable multi-terminal system and
explain the method to transform terminal equation matrix using Tree Transformation method.
35. Consider a typical four terminal component as shown in Fig 35(a) alongwith its two possible terminal graphs i.e.
Fig 35(b) and Fig 35(c) respectively.
B

4TC

Fig 35(a)

b
2

Fig 35(b)

Fig 35(c)

Let us assume that its terminal relations, corresponding to the terminal graph of Fig 35(b) are given in the open
circuit form

Determine the terminal equations corresponding to the terminal graph of Fig 35(c) using Tree Transformation
method.
36. Consider the four terminal component of Fig. 36 (a).

R1

R2

R2

2
3

R1

Fig. 36 (a)

Fig. 36 (b)

When this subnetwork is to be connected arbitrarily at terminals A, B, C and D into a network, it might be well
represented by the terminal graph of Fig. 36 (b). Find the terminal equations in
form for the terminal graph as shown in Fig. 36 (b).
Unit 4
37. Formulate the state model for the non-degenerative system given in Fig. 37 below.

Fig. 37
38. Formulate the state model for the degenerative system given in Fig. 38 below.

R6

C5
AC

I8

L7
C2

L4
AC

E1

R3

Fig. 38

39. Derive the expression for solution of homogeneous state space equations of an LTI system.
40. Derive the expression for solution of non-homogeneous state space equations of an LTI system.
41. Explain the following methods of finding State Transition Matrix (STM).
a) Matrix expansion
b) Laplace Method
c) By diagonalizing A
d) Caylay-Hamilton Method
42. For a system with

find the State Transition Matrix.

43. The matrix A for a system is given as follows:

Find the State Transition Matrix using diagonalizing A method.

44. Find the STM for a matrix A as given below using Caylay-Hamilton method.

45. Obtain the State Transition Matrix of the following system.

where, u(t) is a unit step occurring at t=0 and xT(0) = [1 0].

46. Find the time domain output, y(t), of a system modeled by the state equations as
and
Assume zero initial conditions.
47. Find the time domain output, y(t), of a system modeled by the state equations as
and
Assume zero initial conditions.
48. Find the STM for the time varying system with

1 0

0 t

a. A(t )

1 0

0 2t

b. A(t )

49. Explain the method to derive discrete state space equations.

50. Describe the following numerical methods for solution of non-linear state equations
a) Euler
b) Adams Bashforth.

51.
52.
53.
54.

Unit 5
State and explain the concept of Controllability and Observability.
Derive the condition for a system to be completely state controllable.
Derive the condition for a system to be completely state observable.
Determine the controllability and observability properties of the following system:
0 0 0
A 1 0 3 ;
0 1 4

40
B 10 ; C = [0 0 1]
0

55. Check the controllability and observability of the following system given below:
.

x1 1 0 0 x1
.

x 2 0 2 0 x 2
. 0 2 1
x3
x3

x1
0 1
u
1
y
1
1
0
0

1 0

u 2 and y 2 0 1 0 x 2



0 1
x3

56. Explain the concept of stability in the sense of Liapunov.

57. Determine the stability of the following system with the equilibrium state as origin:
2
2
1 = -x1 + x2+ x1 (x1 + x2 )
2
2
2 = -x1 - x2+ x2 (x1 + x2 )
Consider the following quadratic function as possible Liapunov function:
V = x12 + x22
58. Prove that a linear invariant (LTI) system given by =AX is globally asymptotically stable at the origin if and only
if for any given symmetric positive definite matrix Q, there exists a symmetric positive definite matrix P that
satisfies the matrix equation
ATP + PA = -Q
59.
1 2
1 0
Verify the stability of an LTI system given by X
X using Liapunovs theorem with Q
.

1 4

0 1

60. Explain the concept of Sensitivity of systems.

61. Explain the concept of Reliability for series, parallel and series-parallel type system structures.
62. Derive a general expression for the reliability of the model shown in Fig. 62 and hence evaluate reliability of the
system if each system component has reliability of 0.8.
3

Fig. 62
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