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HansUlrichObrist:theartofcuration|Artanddesign|TheGuardian

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Hans Ulrich Obrist: the art of curation

Behind every great artist is a great curator. But what do they actually do? Serpentine superstar Hans
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Ulrich Obrist reveals the delights and dangers of his craft while Yoko Ono, David Shrigley and more
pick their all-time favourite show
Hans Ulrich Obrist. Interviews by Stuart Jeffries and Nancy Groves
Sunday 23 March 2014 15.59GMT

Hans Ulrich Obrist

One of my childhood heroes was Sergei Diaghilev. He didn't dance. He wasn't a
choreographer. He didn't compose. He didn't direct. But he was, to use a term the writer JG
Ballard said to me in an interview, a junction-maker. Diaghilev was the founder of the
Ballets Russes: he brought Stravinsky together with choreographers, with Picasso, Braque,
and Cocteau. He made art meet theatre meet dance.
Diaghilev and Cocteau tried to explain what they did with the words: "Etonnez moi!"
Astonish me. I've never had an art practice, and I've never thought of the curator as a
creative rival to the artist. When I became a curator, I wanted to be helpful to artists. I think
of my work as that of a catalyst and sparring partner.
It's worth thinking about the etymology of curating. It comes from the Latin word curare,
meaning to take care. In Roman times, it meant to take care of the bath houses. In medieval
times, it designated the priest who cared for souls. Later, in the 18th century, it meant
looking after collections of art and artifacts.
There's a hangover of all those things in modern curating. When I curated my first
exhibition which followed discussions with the artists Fischli/Weiss (Swiss duo Peter
Fischli and David Weiss), Richard Wentworth, Christian Boltanski and Hans Peter
Feldmann in the kitchen of my apartment in St Gallen, Switzerland Ihad a productive
misunderstanding with my parents. They thought I was going into medicine because
curating means caring. I don't think they thought it was to do with art.
Today, curating as a profession means at least four things. It means to preserve, in the
sense of safeguarding the heritage of art. It means to be the selector of new work. It means
to connect to art history. And it means displaying or arranging the work. But it's more than
that. Before 1800, few people went to exhibitions. Now hundreds of millions of people visit
them every year. It's a mass medium and a ritual. The curator sets it up so that it becomes
an extraordinary experience and not just illustrations or spatialised books.
I started going to exhibitions in Switzerland when I was 10 or 11. As a schoolboy, I would
go every afternoon to see the long, thin figures of Giacometti. I'd just look and look. As
Gilbert & George told me: "To be with art is all we ask." But the first epiphany I had in terms
of curating came when I saw Harald Szeemann's Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk (The
Tendency Towards the Total Work of Art) in 1983. Szeemann had the idea of the exhibition
as a toolbox, or of an archaeology of knowledge, like Michel Foucault. That is how
Szeemann displayed works by Gaudi, Beuys, Schwitters and others: the idea was that these
artists had created all-embracing environments. I went to see that exhibition 41 times.
Later, I was inspired by how philosopher Jean-Franois Lyotard curated the 1985
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exhibition Les Immatriaux at the Pompidou in Paris. It dealt with how new information
technologies shape the human condition, but what interested me was that, rather than
writing a book, Lyotard made his philosophical ideas into a labyrinth in the exhibition. It's
difficult to describe because he was producing the idea rather than illustrating it, but it
influenced me and lots of other artists like Philippe Parreno, who I worked with later.
But there are dangers with curating. The Gesamtkunstwerk exhibition was very dense, very
inspiring and interesting because of the danger that it became the Gesamtkunstwerk of the
curator rather than of the artists. But for me, it was important to be close to artists and not
subordinate their work to the curator's vision. I've realised that the curator's role is more
that of enabler. The Italian conceptual artist Boetti told me to pay attention to artists'
unrealised projects. Many artists have not been able to realise their fondest projects. My
role is to help them.
One of my favourite exhibitions is called Do It, which I co-curated with the artists Christian
Boltanski and Bertrand Lavier 21 years ago. It is still going. It was inspired by Marcel
Duchamp sending instructions from Argentina to his sister to assemble one of his
readymades, and by John Cage's music of change, and by Yoko Ono's work. Lots of artists
contributed how-to instructions to do things in the gallery or elsewhere. It's been to more
than 120 cities, often to places where there isn't otherwise much of a contemporary art
scene. Right now, it's in Salt Lake City. It can continue for the next 100 years.
Joseph Beuys talked about expanding the notion of art. I'm trying to expand the notion of
curating. Exhibitions need not only take place in galleries, need not only involve displaying
objects. Art can appear where we expect it least. Hans Ulrich Obrist is co-director of the
Serpentine Galleries. His Ways of Curating is published by Allen Lane.

David Shrigley
The exhibition that really sticks in my mind was the Sonic Youth show from maybe two or
three years ago that toured. It was curated by Sonic Youth and Robert Groenenboom. I had
a piece of work in it and caught it in Malm. What struck me was the fact that there was a
lot of bad art in it, yet it was still fantastic. A lot of stuff wasn't art, or was art but by
dilettante artists, but somehow it fitted together well.
It was all about Sonic Youth, their relationships with other artists and with art. There were
so many different types of work. Some exhibits were more like artefacts. In fact, the magic
was in the blurring of art and artefacts, of artists and musicians. Their journey, that was the
premise. So they had the Sonic Youth album covers made by some seminal artists: Gerhard
Richter, Christopher Wool, Mike Kelley. They even had their final album cover, which was
designed by John Fahey. He was the quintessential folk revivalist. He made these paintings
that he'd sell at his gigs.
The show made you realise that that's what curating is: it isn't necessarily about showing
good art to its best advantage. It's about making an exhibition that's really good. You can
make a good show without having good art in it. That's not to say you can't have both, just
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that it's possible without both.

My eyes glaze over when people want to talk about curating. I think good curation is
working with someonewho can do something you can't. That goes for any good
collaboration. The best is when you're making a show together and finding it all out as you
go along. Some curators are academics, but artists aren't or at least I'm not.

Yoko Ono
When I do a show, I'm hands on. I almost do the whole thing myself. Over the course of my
career I've been lucky to work with many creative curators. Their role is to give me
protection and encouragement. Not in the sense of changing what I do, but allowing me to
do what I want to do. They have helped me to understand what I like.
Alexandra Monroe gave so much love to me and my work that she made Yes [Ono's first
major retrospective] very easy for me. I would sometimes wonder why she would select a
particular work - but she says: "Look at this it's important, Yoko." And she is often right.
Jon Hendricks [curator of Ono's current Bilbao show] has also been very supportive just
by going to places on my behalf and saying: "Yoko doesn't like that."
Hans Ulrich is one of those people who jump around a lot. He flies around in his mind, just
as he is always flying around the world. And when you meet that mind in transit it's very
exciting. It gives me a sense of my own power. My feeling is that Hans is not just a curator.
His duty is to nurture his own knowledge and tastes as much as the artists he works with.

John Baldessari
The collector Virginia Dwan had a remarkable gallery in LA, which later moved to New
York. She was instrumental in exhibiting many European and New York artists who
hadnever shown on the west coast before. The show I most remember was Yves Klein at
Dwan Gallery in the late 60s: it was all blue paintings. It made me rethink what I was doing.
Virginia had to close the gallery in the end. She wasn't making a profit. Themessage is that
it wasn't about selling art.
I think a good curator is like a good chef. They understand the city's needs and fulfil and
challenge them. How do curators and artists work with each other? Ideally, it's a
collaboration in which one inspires and challenges the other. The best thing a curator can
do is elicit the response, "I didn't know you could do that," from the public. The worst thing
is to present a show that is no longer relevant.

Mark Wallinger
The Mnster Sculpture project was founded by Klaus Bussmann and Kasper Knig in 1977
and happens every 10 years. Kasper has been the curator throughout. It's an amazing
project and I was lucky enough to be part of it in 2007 one of 33 artists that year.
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My work was to encircle the city with this thin line that was barely visible. I remember
having a meeting in a Mnster cafe with Kasper where I said: "I want the circle to go around
here but I need a set of compasses or something." Kasper just lobbed a saucer across the
table, I drew around it and half an hour later we were in the town council office with the
chief surveyor asking me how many metres above sea level I wanted it.
Kasper is a sounding board and an enabler and an enthusiast for all the artists he works
with. Mnster is a personal place for him. It's not like those shows where international
curators get dropped in. His relationship to the city is critical to thewhole venture.

Taryn Simon
The exhibition that stands out for me is Horst Ademeit at the Hamburger Bahnhof
Museum fr Gegenwart in Berlin, 2011. In a small, often overlooked area of the museum
was anoverwhelming amount of meticulously ordered material by an artist I'd never heard
of before. After being rejected by his parents, his wife, his school, and even his teacher
Joseph Beuys Ademeit abandoned drawing and painting for photography and writing. He
shot more than 6,000 Polaroids in isolation over a 14-year period, which engulfed the
room.
In the margins of the Polaroids, and in seemingly endless calendars and booklets, he
handwrote notations at a scale that borders on indecipherable. He was studying the impact
of cold rays, earth rays, electromagnetic waves and other forms of radiation on his health
and safety. He protected himself with magnets and herbs from what he perceived to be
dangerous invisible forces, while obsessively creating this trove of records and evidence.
The exhibition felt almost like an invasion of privacy as if you were seeing somebody's
secret world.

Philippe Parreno
I was really influenced by early shows at the Pompidou, particularly Les Immatriaux,
curated by Jean-Franois Lyotard in 1985. One of the first to imagine our digital future
avant la lettre, it was enormously influential, its title reflecting not just a shift in the
materials we use, but also in the very meaning of the term "material".
Lyotard created an open structure, a maze with one entrance and one exit, but multiple
pathways through it. Walls were not solid structures but grey webs stretching from floor to
ceiling. Visitors wore headphones and listened to radio transmissions that faded in and out
as they moved through the exhibition. Such fluid non-linearity exemplified the very
conditions of immateriality central to the show's argument.
What makes for a good curator? Passion, curiosity, intelligence. Hans, Daniel Birnbaum
(director of the museum of modern art in Stockholm) and I are working on a project: the
sequel Lyotard planned to Les Immatriaux, which never took place. Ours is called
Resistances. Humans want to simplify events in the world in order to understand them. For
example, it's easier to say that the forceof gravity is stable but actually it's not. It oscillates.
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Lyotard believed that art was about that, about resistant forces that make things not totally
how we think they are. That's a reallybeautiful way to define art and art curating.

Gilbert and George

Crucify curators.
("Crucify a curator" is one of the many one-liners from Gilbert & George's latest triptych
Scapegoating, at the Bermondsey St White Cube, London, in July.)

Topics
Sculpture
David Shrigley
Yoko Ono
Gilbert & George
Art
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