Instructions for Use

- 0483
Technical Hotline Germany
+49 60 07 / 91 76 - 222
www.wieland-international.com

Ceramic works by Christian Ferrari

Photography by Curd Gadau
3

WIELAND Dental + Technik &

WIELAND Dental Ceramics

WIELAND
Dental + Technik
Ever since Dr. Theodor Wieland
founded the company as a family
business in 1871, the Wieland name
has represented a unique combination of tradition and innovation as
well as high-quality products and
the best in customer service.
Today we have a staff of over 250
employees and are a market leader
in products and services for the dental and precious metal industries.
In recent years a constant process
of organisational optimisation together with numerous technical
innovations has enabled us to
considerably strengthen our market
position.
At WIELAND Dental + Technik we
are proud of our competent dedicated staff who understand how to
exploit the synergy effects of our
differing but interrelated product
lines within our flexible, customerfriendly structure.
One major aspect of our business is
products and services in the field of
high-quality dental restorations.
These include precious metal alloys,
the AGC the worlds leading electroforming system, which caters for
the highest aesthetic requirements,
and dental ceramic veneers and
structural ceramics.
Another main business area encompasses the production of semifinished precious metal products
for technical and decorative applications, brazing alloys and special
alloys, precious metal electrolytes,
as well as precious metal refining,
recovery and hazardous waste
management.

WIELAND
Dental Ceramics
WIELAND Dental Ceramics GmbH
was founded in Rosbach-Rodheim
as a subsidiary of WIELAND
Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG,
Pforzheim. The company commenced operations at the beginning of
2002 and has continued to grow
ever since. There are now over 30
employees.
The companys goal is the development and production of veneering
ceramics and ceramic systems that
will set benchmarks in materials
technology and aesthetic standards.
Dental technicians, dentists and
schools of dentistry collaborate
closely in this research.
The company currently supplies
veneering ceramics for all standard
framework materials on the market,
for example all types of metal ceramic alloys and ceramic frameworks
such as Al2 O3 and ZrO2.
Expertise, good customer relations
and innovation are the fruits of
close cooperation and integration
of research, development, applied
technology and production processes.

New generation
Ceramics ............................. p. 6
REFLEX Assortments ......... p. 9
Colour-coded
Labels .................................. p. 11

Instructions
Preparation of the
Substructure ....................... p. 12
Standard Build-up
Procedure ........................... p. 13
REFLEX Stains .................. p. 18

Professional Build-up
Procedure ........................... p. 20
REFLEX
Chroma Dentines ............. p. 23
REFLEX Expert Set ........... p. 24
REFLEX
Shoulder Materials ........... p. 30
REFLEX
Gum Dentines ................... p. 36
REFLEX
Bleach Materials ............... p. 37

Firing programmes ............ p. 40

Troubleshooting ................ p. 43

New Generation Ceramics

Veneering ceramics with
innovative nanoleucite structure

Innovative
microstructure
 Very smooth, homogeneous
and plaque resistant surface
 Gingiva-friendly and kind
to opposing teeth
 Easily polished to a high shine
in the mouth

Economical

Aesthetic
 Perfect colour match with all
WIELAND
veneering ceramics
 Exceptionally natural colour effects
 Fulfil the highest aesthetic
requirements
 Light dynamics are standard for us

 Easy and accurate shade reproduction with the logical two-stage

build-up (dentine / incisal)
 Robust in application
 Perfect handling properties
and minimized shrinkage

Innovative

Reliable
Indication
 Firing temperature: 900 C
(1st dentine bake)
 Veneering ceramics for precious
metal alloys with a CET of approx.
13.8 to 15.1 x10-6K-1 (25 500C)

Non-precious metal alloys:

When selecting non-precious
metal alloys please follow the
instructions on page 12.

 Bond very well to all the indicated

substructures
 Simple and reliable firing programme
cf. T.Klinke, R.Biffar, Quintessenz
Zahntechnik 26 (12) 1317-30 (2000)

 Slow cooling not usually necessary

 High fracture strength

Nanoleucite structure

Opalescence remains stable

even through multiple firings

Innovative nanoleucite
structure

REFLEX : Nanoleucite Structure

Fissure-free microstructure
with homogenous distribution of minute leucite
crystals
Many of the crystals have dimensions on the nanometre scale
(<1m = <1000 nm) thus giving
their name to the structure.
By comparison, human hair has a
diameter of approx. 40,000 nm.

Fine = Good

Advantages of the
innovative REFLEX
microstructure
The fine, homogenous distribution
of the leucite crystals in REFLEX is
shown in the top photograph.
(Both photographs are to the same
magnification.)

conventional veneering ceramic

(leucite crystals up to 60 m)

Coarse = Poor
7

Reliability
The light optical microscope images
below demonstrate the density of
REFLEX opaque compared with a
similar product from a competitor.

Dentine

Opaque

Dentine

Competitor

Opaque

Alloy

REFLEX

Alloy

Build-up: alloy / opaque / dentine (both photographs are to the same magnification)

REFLEX (left) shows an extremely homogeneous, bubble-free opaque and dentine layer compared with the competitors
product (right). The result is the best possible bonding to the alloy.

REFLEX Assortments
REFLEX Starter Set

REFLEX Add-on Set*

Reference No. 8300150SET

Reference No. 8300160SET

Contains the V-shades:

A2 - A3 - A3.5 - B2 - B3 - C2 - C3 - D3

Contains the V-shades:

A1 - A4 - B1 - B4 - C1 - C4 - D2 - D4

8 x Paste opaque
4 g each
8 x Dentine
20 g each
6 x Dentine modifier
20 g each
8 x Chroma dentine
20 g each
2 x Flu dentine
20 g each
2 x Incisal
20 g each
2 x Opale inscisal
20 g each
3 x Shoulder High
20 g each
2 x Transpa
20 g each
3 x Stain
2 g each
1 x Glaze
2g
1 x Correction
3g
1 x Retain liquid
50 ml
1 x Speed liquid
50 ml
1 x Stain and glaze liquid
15 ml
1 x Paste opaque thinner
15 ml
1 x IsoPen
1 x Measure
2 x Shade guide

8 x Paste opaque
4 g each
5 x Paste opaque
modifier
4 g each
8 x Dentine
20 g each
8 x Chroma dentine
20 g each
2 x Flu dentine
20 g each
2 x Inscisal
20 g each
2 x Opale inscisal
20 g each
3 x Shoulder High
20 g each
6 x Stain
2 g each
4 x Body stain
2 g each
1 x Retain liquid
50 ml
1 x Speed liquid
15 ml
1 x Stain and glaze liquid
15 ml
1 x Paste opaque thinner
15 ml
2 x Shade guide

REFLEX Expert Set

REFLEX Starter
Powder Set:

REFLEX Add-On
Powder Set*:
Reference No. 830016PSET

The REFLEX Add-on Powder Set

comprises the same components as
the REFLEX Add-on Set except that
the paste opaques, paste opaque
modifier and paste opaque thinner
are replaced by:

8 x Powder opaque
5 x Powder opaque
modifier
1 x opaque liquid

* The REFLEX A.E. Add-On (Powder) Set completes

the REFLEX A.E. (Powder) Set to a full assortment.

15g each
15 g each
15 ml

REFLEX Assortments
REFLEXSpray
Opaque Classic Set*:

REFLEX Stain Set:

Reference No. 8300070SET

16 x Stain
2 g each
1 x Glaze
2g

1 x Stain and glaze liquid

50 ml

1 x Measure

1 x Shade guide

Reference No. 8302130SET

Contains the V-shades:

A2 - A3 - A3.5 - B2 - B3 - C2 - C3 - D3

8 x Spray opaque
1 x Foam pellets

4 g each
pack of 10

REFLEX Spray Opaque

Add-on Set
(supplement):
Reference No. 8302140SET

Contains the V-shades:

A1 - A4 - B1 - B4 -C1 - C4 - D2 - D4:

8 x Spray opaque
1 x Foam pellets

50 ml each
pack of 10

10

The Colourful World of Labels

Paste Opaque
Provides a thin coat for the metal substructure and ensures good adhesion
between the substructure and the
ceramic. The opaque also ensures true
shade identity of all
-type ceramics.

Powder Opaque
Provides a thin coat for the metal substructure and ensures good adhesion
between the substructure and the
ceramic. The opaque also ensures true
shade identity of all
-type ceramics.
To use, mix with Optimix powder
opaque liquid.

Dentine
For constructing the dentine core of
the restoration and enhancing the primary shade effect.

Dentine Modifier
Lends a more individual nuance to the
dentine core in a variety of shades.

Chromatix
(Chroma Dentine)
Chromatix materials are
dentine modifiers and are used to
control and individualise chroma and
opacity. Chromatix has a slightly
higher opacity than the dentines, plus
a slightly higher degree of chroma.

Opale Incisal
Opale Incisal provides a natural
opalescence even with multiple firings. Opale Incisal can be mixed with
regular incisal material or used on its
own. Light dynamics are a standard
asset for us.

Opale Effect
In contrast to the standard opale
incisals, which are colour-keyed, the
Opale Effect materials are characterised by linearly diminishing translucency
and opalescence. Moreover, analogous
to the diminishing translucency, the
fluorescence of these materials shows
a linear increase. This makes them
ideal for simultaneously enhancing
and regulating the brightness of the
veneer in the incisal area.

Shoulder High /
Correction
Shoulder High: for aesthetic, metalfree ceramic shoulders. Shoulder
Correction: for low-melting corrections to the ceramic shoulder, e.g.
after glazing.

Transpa Clear /
Transpa Neutral
Translucencies with a wide variety of
characteristics can be created using
Transpa Clear / Transpa Neutral. As
well as adding a nuance to incisal
areas, it can be used to create
translucent incisal edges.

REFLEX Stain
Incisal
For imitating the natural incisal enamel.
The descriptions of the incisal refer to
specific shades. Incisal 2 is needed, for
example, to produce an overall A2
shade when using a standard A2
veneer.

Incisal Modifier

Final adjustments, for example in the

cervical or occlusal areas, can be
carried out using Stain.

X Carving
Liquids (mixing Liquid)
X Carving Liquids are used for making
up all
-type veneering porcelain
dentines, modifiers and incisals.
They guarantee optimum modelling
characteristics and a wide processing
range together with excellent firing
properties. REFLEX ceramics should
only be mixed with the recommended
liquids.
X Carving Liquid Retain
Slow drying liquid. Also used for
mixing shoulder masses.
X Carving Liquid Speed
Fast drying with minimum shrinkage.
X Carving Liquid Red, Yellow and Blue
The individual materials are shadecoded so that it is easier to make the
right selections when building up the
layers.

X Stain Liquid
(stain and glaze liquid)
For mixing
Liquid.

-type stains use X Stain

Paste Opaque
Thinner
For diluting REFLEX paste opaque.
In order to ensure the best handling,
firing and bonding properties, only
this thinner may be used. Use sparingly.

Opaque Liquid
Optimix (powder
opaque mixing liquid)

Correction
This material can be used to correct
veneers which have already been built
up. The low firing temperature of
700 C prevents any change in the
shape or lustre of the veneer.

Use for mixing REFLEX powder opaque. In order to ensure the best handling, firing and bonding properties,
only this liquid should be used.

New Generation Ceramics

Used to lend an individual accent

to specific incisal enamel features.

Flu Dentine
(Fluorescent Dentine)
This material also belongs to the group
of dentine modifiers. Flu Dentine can
be used to control the brightness of
the veneer. The more Flu Dentine is
added, the brighter the veneer
becomes.

Glaze
This material determines the
surface finish of the ceramic veneer.
Glaze is applied thinly and evenly.
When Glaze is used, the firing temperature can be reduced by about 10 C.
Because REFLEX provides a homogeneous surface finish, glaze firing is not
absolutely necessary.

11

Shoulder Liquid
Special SH /
Shoulder Correction Liquid SC

WIELAND Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG

75179 Pforzheim, Germany

New Generation Ceramics

WIELAND Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG

75179 Pforzheim, Germany

Shoulder Liquid Special SH should

only be used for mixing Shoulder
High powders.
Shoulder Correction Liquid SC should
only be used for mixing Shoulder
Correction powders.

Instructions for use

Preparing the substructure

Indication
REFLEX is suitable for veneering all
precious metal alloys with a CTE of
13.8 to 15.110-6K-1 (25 500 C).
We recommend the use of WIELAND
high-gold alloys, e.g.
 Porta Geo Ti
(biocompatible ceramic alloy)
 BioPorta G
(biocompatible ceramic alloy)
 Porta P 6
(high-gold ceramic alloy)
and
 AGC electroforming gold and all
low-gold alloys and palladium
alloys.
Substructure ready for the 1st opaque bake

Use of non-precious
metal alloys
Please note that non-precious metal
alloys tend to require more careful
handling. Please refer to our list of
recommendations when choosing
non-precious metal alloys or ask our
sales representative for advice.

Preparing the
substructure
Prepare the substructure according
to the manufacturers recommendations.
When using WIELAND alloys please
also observe the recommendations
given in the relevant instructions for
use.

Please note:
Lead-free biocompatible alloys containing zinc (Zn) should be sandblasted and oxidised and then after the
oxide firing they should be pickled
in a clean, hot bath of Wilacid (or
similar) for approx. 5 minutes.

12

Standard build-up

13

Standard build-up
step by step

Incisal

Incisal

Dentine

Opaque

Dentine
Metal substructure

Standard build-up shade chart

14

A1
A2
A3
A3.5
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
C1
C2
C3
C4
D2
D3
D4

In
ci
sa
l

A1
A2
A3
A3.5
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
C1
C2
C3
C4
D2
D3
D4

1
2
3
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
2
3
4

O
pa
le

A1
A2
A3
A3.5
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
C1
C2
C3
C4
D2
D3
D4

In
ci
sa
l

D
en
tin
e

Metal substructure

O
pa
qu
e

Dentine

Sh
ad
es

Incisal

1
2
3
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
2
3
4

Powder Opaque

1st Opaque bake

For handling reasons, REFLEX

powder opaque must not be mixed
with distilled water.
REFLEX powder opaque liquid
ensures that the material stays in
place during application.

After the substructure has been suitably prepared, the first layer of
opaque can be applied.
The opaque is supplied as a paste or
a powder. To apply the opaque, use
the paste brush provided or a suitable powder opaque applicator. The
shape and flexibility of the brush
are designed to suit the viscosity of
paste opaque.
Apply a thin layer of opaque evenly
(semi-coating) to the coping or
bridge framework. Please ensure
that this first layer is not too thick.
If the paste opaque is applied too
thickly, uncontrollable amounts of
liquid can evaporate during preheating and cause bubbles to form.

Crowns after the 1st opaque bake:

The opaque has a smooth and shiny appearance.

Then the first opaque bake is carried out. For firing temperatures
and times please refer to the firing
programmes given at the end of
these instructions.

2nd Opaque bake

The second step is to apply opaque
once more. Here too, it is important
for the reasons given above that the
opaque is not applied too thickly.
Even so, the opaque must completely cover the substructure so as to
ensure that the crown is uniform in
colour.

Please note
The opaque should be applied evenly with an applicator or a brush. The
consistency should be neither too
thick nor too thin. A wash bake is
not required.
Avoid excessive riffling and do not
allow thick layers of opaque to coalesce in the occlusal, approximal or
marginal areas. Thick layers of
opaque can crack during firing.

15

1st Dentine bake

Crowns after the build-up of the dentine layer

Please note
The nanoleucite structure of
REFLEX gives the surface an
extremely high shine after the
1st and 2nd dentine bakes.

Dentine with incisal edges

Dentine / incisal build-up after the 1st dentine bake

Finished dentine / incisal / build-up

16

2nd Dentine bake

After the 1st dentine bake, correct the
shape by grinding with a medium
grain diamond bur. During this stage,
please ensure adequate cooling
(using water drops).
Then fill in any missing areas in the
shape of the crown by an adding a
further layer of dentine or incisal
materials. Use the same method as
described for the 1st dentine bake.
The finished crowns after the stain / glaze bake

Warning
Stains and glazing

Do not mix REFLEX ceramic materials together with any other types of
ceramic material. REFLEX has a
unique nanoleuciteTM structure
and is not compatible with other
ceramics.

After the shape has again been

trimmed and corrected, REFLEX
stains and/or glaze can be used to
give the crown its individual character.

Please note
Please use only REFLEX stains and
glaze. If other products are used
there is a risk of uncontrolled stress
in the ceramic causing the restoration to fail through tension or pressure cracks. Please mix stains and
glaze only with the stain and glaze
liquid supplied. Apply with a conventional staining brush.
When firing, follow the recommendations shown in the table.

The corrected build-up ready for the 2nd dentine bake

Please note
Avoid applying too much pressure
since this can cause localised overheating. As with all ceramics, excessive grinding causes micro cracks to
occur in the ceramic structure and
can result in failure through flaking,
cracks or fissures.

Please note glaze

By modifying the firing temperature
and holding time, the degree of
glaze can be varied from matt to a
high shine to suit individual requirements.

Crowns after the 2nd dentine bake

17

REFLEX Stains

The shade palette is a

logical and easy to use
stain mixing system

It enables the dental technician to

reproduce all the 75 shades depicted on the palette in a simple and
logical way, using the eight colours
shown on the angles of the
octagon plus white and grey.

In addition to the colours shown

on the angles, the eight additional
most commonly used colours are
standard components of the stain
set.

Using the measures included in

the set (small and large measures)
together with the mixing chart
ensures an exact reproduction of
the various shades.

Select the size of the measure according to the total volume required.

REFLEX
Stain Set:

Indication
REFLEX, IMAGINE h.e. and HITEX.
REFLEX stains are not compatible
with ALLUX or ZIROX.

16 x Stain
2 g each
1 x Glaze
2g

1 x Stain and glaze liquid

50 ml

1 x Measure

1 x Shade guide

Firing temperature
Temperature of the glaze bake
of each individual ceramic.

Important
Do not change the measure during
colour mixing since these bear no
relationship to one another. Exact
reproduction of the required shade
is guaranteed only if measuring is
exact.

The shade palette

90
89

6
11

88
5
10

17

83

87
4

82
81
76

80

22

74

78

73

56

67

68

69

70

62

45

57
51

58

46

52

59

41

37
38

47
53

42

60

40

33

36

65

32

31

64

35

30

63

29

66

28

27

26

25

24

23 3
4

71

18

19

13

79

20

75

14

84

21

77

85

12

61

39

48
43

54

49
44

55

50

72

15

16

86

by Angela Helbig
18

Procedure

Select a shade on the shade

palette shown on the left.

Note the number on the colour tab.

Find this number in the chart

below.

Mix the components according to

the chart to obtain the required
shade nuance.

Example: Shade No.18

1 x small measure of Peach
1 x small measure of Orange
2 x small measures of White
or ...
1 x large measure of Peach
1 x large measure of Orange
2 x large measures of White

N
o
th . on
e
sh
ad
e
pa
M
le
ix
tt
(p tu
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r
= e
pa of
rt
(s
)

N
o
th . on
e
sh
ad
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pa
M
le
ix
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r
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)

Colour mixing chart

0 White
1
2
3
4 Blue
5 Steel
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 Melon
15 Peach
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26 Orange
27
28 Olive
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37 Marone
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45 Ivory

1 p. Blue + 3 p. White
1 p. Blue + 1 p. White
3 p. Blue + 1 p. White

3 p. Blue + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Blue + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Blue + 1 p. Peach + 2 p. White
3 p. Blue + 3 p. Peach + 2 p. White
1 p. Blue + 1 p. Peach
3 p. Blue + 3 p. Peach + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Blue + 1 p. Peach + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Peach + 3 p. White
1 p. Peach + 1 p. White
3 p. Peach + 1 p. White

3 p. Peach + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Peach + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Peach + 1 p. Orange + 2 p. White
3 p. Peach + 3 p. Orange + 2 p. White
1 p. Peach + 1 p. Orange
3 p. Peach + 3 p. Orange + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Peach + 1 p. Orange + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Orange + 3 p. White
1 p. Orange + 1 p. White
3 p. Orange + 1 p. White

3 p. Orange + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Orange + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Orange + 1 p. Marone + 2 p. White
3 p. Orange + 3 p. Marone + 2 p. White
1 p. Orange + 1 p. Marone
3 p. Orange + 3 p. Marone + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Orange + 1 p. Marone + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Marone + 3 p. White
1 p. Marone + 1 p. White
3 p. Marone + 1 p. White

3 p. Marone + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Marone + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Marone + 1 p. Caramel + 2 p. White
3 p. Marone + 3 p. Caramel + 2 p. White
1 p. Marone + 1 p. Caramel
3 p. Marone + 3 p. Caramel + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Marone + 1 p. Caramel + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Caramel + 3 p. White

46
47
48 Caramel
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59 Ocker
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70 Yellow
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81 Gum
82
83
84
85
86 Violett
87
88
89 Grey
90 Black

19

1 p. Caramel + 1 p. White
3 p. Caramel + 1 p. White

3 p. Caramel + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Caramel + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Caramel + 1 p. Ocker + 2 p. White
3 p. Caramel + 3 p. Ocker + 2 p. White
1 p. Caramel + 1 p. Ocker
3 p. Caramel + 3 p. Ocker + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Caramel + 1 p. Ocker + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Ocker + 3 p. White
1 p. Ocker + 1 p. White
3 p. Ocker + 1 p. White

3 p. Ocker + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Ocker + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Ocker + 1 p. Yellow + 2 p. White
3 p. Ocker + 3 p. Yellow + 2 p. White
1 p. Ocker + 1 p. Yellow
3 p. Ocker + 3 p. Yellow + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Ocker + 1 p. Yellow + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Yellow + 3 p. White
1 p. Yellow + 1 p. White
3 p. Yellow + 1 p. White

3 p. Yellow + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Yellow + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Yellow + 1 p. Gum + 2 p. White
3 p. Yellow + 3 p. Gum + 2 p. White
1 p. Yellow + 1 p. Gum
3 p. Yellow + 3 p. Gum + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Yellow + 1 p. Gum + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Gum + 3 p. White
1 p. Gum + 1 p. White
3 p. Gum + 1 p. White

3 p. Gum + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Gum + 1 p. Grey
1 p. Gum + 1 p. Blue + 2 p. White
3 p. Gum + 3 p. Blue + 2 p. White
1 p. Gum + 1 p. Blue
3 p. Gum + 3 p. Blue + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Gum + 1 p. Blue + 2 p. Grey
1 p. Black + 1 p. White

Professional build-up

20

21

Professional build-up
step by step

REFLEX Professional by
Christian Ferrari
Nature knows no bounds when it comes to
the interplay of light, form and colour.
Time and time again, nature surprises us
with the perfection and harmony of creation. We are faced with the difficult task
of imitating this vibrant world with our
limited technical means. In order to do
justice to this task I need materials
which do not restrict my creativity but
give me the freedom to imitate nature.
With conventional materials we were able
to influence three properties of the
ceramic layers: chroma, brightness and
transparency.
With REFLEX I have a further dimension
at my fingertips: depth of colour through
contrast. By using the Chromatix dentine materials I can control contrasts and
achieve unique depth of colour which
enables me to imitate the actual play of
light found in natural dentition.

At this stage a variety of different

dentine modifiers and opal materials
can be applied in order to obtain the
desired effects in the mamelon area.
In the incisal area I use Flu Dentin in the
areas on which light is to be reflected (on
the mamelons).
It is important that the light is absorbed
between the mamelons as in natural
teeth. The next step is to define the
external contour of the tooth with Incisal
Aquamarin, if required. Then I apply alternate layers of Incisal and Opale materials
and build up the final shape with Transpa
materials. If necessary, the first firing
can be complemented by a correction
firing with Transpa materials. REFLEX
enables me to achieve excellent results in
my laboratory, even with the most
demanding of cases.

Professional build-up
In addition to the standard threelayer technique, it is also possible to
produce an advanced, professional
build-up. The following materials
are available for this purpose:

Chromatix

Flu Dentine

Dentine Modifier

Opale Incisal

Opale Effect

Incisal

Incisal Modifier

Transpa Neutral

Transpa Clear

Stain

These modifiers can be mixed

together in any way you like.
The most popular uses of these
materials are shown in the watercolour illustration on page 25.

To achieve this goal I build up the restoration as follows:

After the opaque bakes I apply
Chromatix Dentin onto the whole substructure, keeping the final shape in mind
and characterising certain areas of the
dentine core still further by using effect
materials (dentine modifiers and opal
materials). Then I fire the dentine materials, which I reduce a little in order to make
space for the materials that follow.

Crowns prepared with professional build-up

22

REFLEX Chroma Dentine materials

Applications

Chromatix materials are dentine

modifiers used to control and individualise chroma and opacity.

By increasing opacity the metal

framework can be more effectively
concealed whilst simultaneously
intensifying the chroma (depth of
shade), even with relatively thin
layers of ceramic.

Chromatix can be mixed with normal dentine to modify chroma and

opacity. Alternatively, it may, if the
case requires, be used on its own.

Please note
The Chromatix layer (controlling the chroma)

Always use Chromatix in conjunction with our X carving liquid. Only

then are you assured of maximum
brightness, translucency and ideal
handling properties.

Firing Temperature

For firing programmes please follow the recommendations set out

in the firing tables for the 1st and
2nd dentine bakes on page 40. You
will find the firing temperatures
and times at the end of these
instructions.

23

The REFLEX Expert Set

(Professional Set)

REFLEX Expert Set

Applications

The Expert Set offers you even

more scope to individualise the
features of your restorations.

In addition to the Bleach and Gum

materials, you have 8 Incisal
Modifiers and 4 Opale Effect
powders to choose from.

Incisal Modifiers and Opale Effect

powders are not colour-keyed and
may be used on their own or mixed
with other materials.

They are used to individually

enhance internal enamel and
opalescence characteristics.

Moreover, analogous to the

diminishing translucency, the
fluorescence of these materials
shows a linear increase.
This makes them ideal for simultaneously enhancing and regulating
the brightness of the veneer in the
incisal area.

Example 1:
Opale Effect Frosty has the highest
translucency and opalescence and
the lowest fluorescence.

Example 2:
Opale Effect Snow has the lowest
translucency and opalescence and
the highest fluorescence.

Special characteristics of
Opale Effect powders

In contrast to the standard Opale

Incisals, which are colour-keyed,
the Opale Effect materials are
characterised by linearly diminishing translucency and opalescence.

Incisal Topas
Incisal Anthrazit
Incisal Amethist
Incisal Aquamarin
Incisal Citrin
Incisal Rubin
Incisal Lemon
Incisal Melon

The individual colour shades and

translucency are shown on the enclosed shade guide. Like all REFLEX
shade guides this has colour samples
in the original ceramic, which
enables you to make an exact colour
identification of the individual
powders in a wide variety of
lighting conditions (incident light
and transmitted light).

Sh
ad
e

La
be
de l
sc
rip
tio
n

Incisal Modifier

Shade guide

intense orange
intense grey
greyish-violet
intense blue
intense yellow
reddish
yellowish
orange

Opale Frosty

24

Opale Milky

Opale / Transpa
Opale Incisal
Transpa /
Incisal Aquamarin

Flu Dentine

Modifier

Dentine

Dentine Modifier

Opaque

Chromatix

Opale

Colour chart
Flu Dentine (Fluorescent Dentine)
Bright
Flamingo
Straw
Sunny

A1
A2
A3.5
B2

A2
A3
A4
B3

B1
D3
B3
B4

B2

B2

C1

D2

B4
C2

C3
D4

C4

Fluorescent modifiers with marked fluorescence. They intensify the luminosity of the veneer.
Short-wave light in the invisible range is absorbed and long-wave light in the visible range is
emitted.

For all other colours, to increase the level

of brightness

Specially for application in the cervical region

Specially for application in the cervical region

Dentine Modifier
Ivory

A1

B1

Corn
Mango
Mocca
Caramel
Khaki
Yellow

B3
B4
A2
A3.5
C2

B4

Brown

A3
A4
C3

C1
B4
C4

D2
D3
D4

For all colours individually, without any

specific colour combination
For all colours individually, without any
specific colour combination

Opale Effect
Opale Effect Frosty
Opale Effect Milky
Opale Effect Snow
Opale Effect Ice

= see page 24
= see page 24
= see page 24
= see page 24

With Opale Effect Milky and Snow the level of brightness in

the incisal powders can also be controlled. All Opale Incisals
can be used for the all V shades if the specific combinations
are observed.

Incisal (Incisal Modifier) / Transpa (Transpa material)

Incisal Topas
Incisal Anthrazit
Incisal Amethyst
Incisal Aquamarin
Incisal Citrin

= intense orange
= intense grey
= greyish-violet
= intense blue
= intense yellowish

Incisal Rubin
Incisal Lemon
Incisal Melon
Transpa Neutral
Transpa Clear
25

= reddish
= yellowish
= orange
= transparent
= extremely transp.

All Transpa Incisal modifiers

can be used individually
with all colours without any
specific combination

Initial clinical situation

Basic layering

Framework copings after the 2nd opaque bake

Build-up with Chromatix (controlling the chroma)

26

Opale Milky

Modifier Mango

Internal
characteristics

Build-up of the Dentine and Opale Modifier

Overlaying with Dentine

Reduction of the Dentine

Application of Flu Dentine

27

Build-up with the corresponding opale incisal

(Opale incisal 3)

Application of Flu dentine to adjust brightness

Enhancing the incisal contour with Incisal Aquamarin

Build-up with Opale Incisal and Transpa Clear (1:1)

28

Anatomical shape of the build-up completed

with Transpa Neutral

Crowns after the 1st dentine bake

Shape corrected with Transpa Clear and Opale Incisal

The finished work after glazing

29

REFLEX Shoulder Materials

Preparation
To obtain metal-free crown edges
the die must be prepared with a
step or pronounced chamfer.

Designing the
substructure

Firing temperature

The 7 REFLEX Shoulder High (high

fusing) materials are baked at a
firing temperature of 930 C with a
holding time of 1 minute before
the first dentine bake.

Shoulder High and

Shoulder Correction
share these features

The 7 REFLEX Shoulder Correction

materials are baked at a firing
temperature of 720 C with a
holding time of 1 minute after
the glaze bake.

Minimal shrinkage during firing

High form stability even after

repeated dentine and glaze bakes

Excellent marginal fit

Perfect colour matching

Simple control of translucency,

fluorescence and reflection

REFLEX SH special shoulder liquid

must only be used with Shoulder
High material.

Applications

The Shoulder Correction materials

are not only suitable for the fabrication and correction of ceramic
shoulders after the glaze bake.
Because of their low firing temperature they can also be used for all
other corrections such as making
minor corrections to the shape or
adding contact points. This means
that Shoulder Correction can be
used to make corrections even
after soldering in a furnace.
Shoulder High Flu / Shoulder
Correction Flu materials can be
used to conceal dark areas such as
discoloured tooth enamel or discoloration at the edges of crowns, to
improve brightness and enhance
translucency.
Shoulder High Red / Shoulder
Correction Red materials can be
used to quickly and easily modify
the transition between the prepared stump, the ceramic shoulder
and the gingiva.

In preparation for the attachment

of the ceramic shoulder, (labial or
circular), the outer edges of the substructure are reduced to the inner
rim of the previously prepared step
or chamfer. The metal edge resulting from this reduction must then
be smoothed out into a thin layer.
Finally condition the substructure in
the usual way and apply the opaque.
Do not use diamond burs. Diamond
particles can become deposited in
the alloy and cause bubbles when
the ceramic is fired.

Carving liquids

This carving liquid plasticizes

the shoulder porcelain and
ensures the greatest stability and
reliability. This makes it very easy
to lift the porcelain shoulder from
the model.

Use REFLEX SC Shoulder Correction

Liquid with Shoulder Correction
porcelain.

SH special shoulder liquid must not

be used with Shoulder Correction
porcelain, as there is no guarantee
that firing will remove the liquid
reliably and without trace.

Well prepared die

IsoPen

The WIELAND IsoPen is applied to

the prepared plaster die.

30

Prepared substructure

Preparing the die

Before creating the ceramic shoulder the
die must be thoroughly insulated using the
WIELAND IsoPen.

Correction layer ready for

second bake

Shoulder after second bake

Second Shoulder High

layer

Insulating the die with

the IsoPen

First Shoulder High

layer
Depending on the tooth colour to
be obtained make up Shoulder
High porcelain with SH Special
Liquid and apply in the cervical
region. After modelling and smoothing the ceramic shoulder, dry the
shoulder margin carefully with a
hand-held dryer until a uniform
white colour is obtained. The
coping can then be removed and
fired. Using a drier and SH Special
Shoulder Liquid ensures greater
strength and more reliable handling.

After firing, check the marginal fit.

Correct any changes caused by sintering. Insulate the die once more.
Prepare and make up the Shoulder
High powder as for the first layer.
Next smooth out any unevenness
filling the Shoulder powder into the
gap created during the first firing,
ensuring that the ceramic shoulder
is a good fit. Finish off the shoulder
and dry. Carefully remove the substructure with the shoulder powder
applied from the die and position it
on the firing tray. To avoid baking
on care must be taken to ensure
that the ceramic shoulder does not
come into contact with the tray.

Ceramic shoulder inside view

If necessary, the shoulder must be

fitted onto the model again after
the correction firing. The final stage
is to completely veneer the shoulder
with REFLEX.

Application of
shoulder powder

Shoulder powder
after first bake
31

Firing programmes
shoulder powders
Colour table
REFLEX shoulder powder SH
REFLEX shoulder powder SC

es
ad
Sh
A1
A2
A3
A3.5
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
C1
C2
C3
C4
D2
D3
D4

SH 1 SH 2
SC 1 SC 2

SH 3
SC 3

SH 4
SC 4

SH Red
SC Red

SH Flu
SC Flu

re
xtu
i
rm
lde
u
o
Sh

SM 1 + SM Flu
SM 1
SM 1
SM 2 + SM 3
SM 3 + SM 4
SM 1 + SM Flu
SM 2 + SM Flu
SM 2
SM 2 + SM 4
SM 4 + SM Flu
SM 4 + SM Flu
SM 4
SM 4
SM 1 + SM 4
SM 1 + SM 4
SM 2 + SM 4

/ 1:1

/ 1:1
/ 1:1
/ 1:1
/ 1:1
/ 1:1
/ 1:1
/ 1:1

/ 1:1
/ 1:1
/ 1:1

The aesthetic final result

Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

575
450

75
75

1:00
1:00

2
2

100
100

in)
el
)
ev
/m
(C
L
C

.
(
D
c

EN
Va

1
1

1:00
1:00

9
9

75
75

930
720

1:00
1:00

575
450

930
720

e
im
)
C ng T sec)
(
:
i
T
AR Dry (min
ST

Austromat M
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

3:0-4:0
3:0-4:0

General Firing
Programme

)
(C
e
e
e
pe )
at
im
g tur ime
R
m
n
i
)
)
e
C ng T ec) m
ed
t ra g T ec ng in
T
(
a
u )
e pe in n:s ati /m ng re ldi n:s
nd ling
u
h
e
c
i
y
u
t
o
i
i
e
Pr Tem Dr (m He (C Fir rat Ho (m Va (% Ex Co

0
0

0
0

Austromat
3001
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

C575 T60 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C930 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575

C450 T60 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C720 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575
32

Multimat MC II
Multimat C
Mach 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

Multimat
Touch & Press
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

Programat
P90 / P95
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

Ivoclar Vivadent
P80 /P100 /PX1
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

Vacumat
200 / 250 / 300
Shoulder Powder SH
Shoulder Powder SC

)
C
c)
e
te
e( e
pe )
r
e )
:se Tim )
g
g
m
u
m
n
C g Ra )
i
n
n
m
)
t
i

i
i ra
i
e
c
c
T
c
(
t
t
T
T
e
e
m
e ea (
in um
:s
um :s
g re tin
g
ea e
ng :s
eh emp ryi min reh ime acu min Firin (min Firin ratu Hea (C /m Vacu (%)
r
T
V (
P
P T
D (
575
450

2:00
2:00

1:00
1:00

1:00
1:00

2:00
2:00

930
720

75
75

100
100

)
(C
c)
e
e
e
r me
pe )
e )
at
:se
g
g
u
Tim c)
R
t
m
n
C
i
n
n
)
i

i
i ra
)
e
T
c
(
t
t
g
Tim :sec
T
e
n
m
m
m
i
a pe ng :se ea (
s
n
e
u
:
i
u
g
g
e
)
e cu
at /m in tur acu in irin (min
yi in eh
eh m
V (m F
Pr Te Dr (m Pr Tim Va (% He (C Fir ra
575
450

2:00
2:00

1:00
1:00

100
100

930
720

75
75

1:00
1:00

2:00
2:00

)
(C e
e
e
e
t
r
pe C)
im
tu Ra )
m

Timec) g T sec) m C) m C)
y
a
(
e
r
g
b
T
n
g
e

i
n :
e
(
n
s
nd mp ati /m ing tur sin in: ldi in cuu N ( cuu FF
Sta Te He (C Fir ra Clo (m Ho (m Va O Va O
500
300

T
930
720

75
75

)
(C

B
403
403

930
720

)
(C

4:00
4:00

1:00
1:00

)
ec
n:s
)
i
C
m
T(
S(
4:00
4:00

80
80

H
1:00
1:00

929
719

600
450

in)
(m

V1
450
450

)
(C

V2

)
(C

929
719

)
re
e
(C ratu
e
e
e
e
r pe
Tim
u
Timec)
t
Tim c) g Tim ec)
g
)
y ra em
c
n
p
s
e
i
b
m
s
:
:
n
e
u :s
y se
T
nd mp al C) edr in: at- in ldi min cuu in
Sta Te Fin ( Pr (m He (m Ho ( Va (m
575
450

930
720

4:00
4:00

6:00
6:00

1:00
1:00

6:00
6:00

)
(C c)
e
)
e
r
)
c)
)
n:s :sec :se
ec C)
C) (C ratu
i
)
s

:
(
e
C
n
n
(
i
i
F
e
(m
in
(
at
ON OF emp g V g (m g (m
(m ting ec)
ng sec)
gR m
i
g
m
m
a
T
n
n
n
y
Cergo Press /
n
s
i
i
i
n
e
r
:
:
u
u
u
l
si
ld
ld
at
oli
cu acu acu ina
eh in
ed in
Ho Ho Co
F
He Va
Clo Pr (m
Pr (m
V
V
Compakt
Shoulder Powder SH 135 2:00 2:00 575 1:00 75 On 575 930 930 0:00 1:00 0:00
Shoulder Powder SC 135 2:00 2:00 450 1:00 75 On 450 720 720 0:00 1:00 0:00
in)
/m
C
(

Warning
Firing temperatures are given for guidance only. Variations may occur depending on the furnace used and the temperatures may need to be adjusted accordingly. For larger cases the drying and final cooling times should be extended as
necessary.
In the case of large-span bridgework relief cooling (opening the furnace door slowly) may be necessary to avoid thermal
tension. With large-span bridge frameworks the geometry (e.g. with solid pontics) may necessitate increasing the end
temperatures of the first and second dentine bake by approx. 10 C.
33

The final result in situ: functional, bio-compatible

and modelled to individual aesthetic requirements.

34

35

REFLEX Gum Dentines

Applications

With their variety of colours (5 differently shaded powders), the

Gum Dentines may be used to
accurately reproduce the exact
colour of the gingiva.
Particularly in the case of ceramic
veneers over an implanted superstructure, it is essential to ensure
anatomically correct results when
repairing abraded soft tissue surfaces. But extractions or periodontal
procedures can also lead to soft
tissue defects after the healing
process is complete.

In the interests of both aesthetics

and periodontal hygiene, these
defects must always be repaired by
the dental technician using suitable ceramic materials.

With their wide range of colours

and excellent handling properties,
the Gum Dentines facilitate an
anatomically exact and colour-matched reconstruction of the gingiva
to meet the demands of both
patient and dental practitioner.

Procedure and firing

temperature

Gum materials can be used on

their own or mixed with one
another. This gives rise to a
virtually unlimited range of
possible gingival colours.

For information on preparation

and firing please refer to the
recommendations for dentines in
the instructions starting on page 16.

Veneering with gum dentine

36

REFLEX Bleach Materials

More and more patients

wish for perfect, bright,
white teeth.
With natural teeth, this is achieved
through so-called bleaching (bleaching of the natural tooth enamel).
In order for ceramic veneers to blend
harmoniously, they must also be as
aesthetically perfect as possible.
In the past the build-up procedure
for bleach ceramics was: White
Opaque White Dentine Bright
Incisal or Transpa.

Accordingly, the tooth colour is

composed of a virtually unaltered
dentine colour and a considerably
brightened surface.
We already took this into consideration when developing our proven
Crystal Bleach Shades.
With this new colour and build-up
concept, the dental technician is
now able to achieve beautifully
aesthetic results, whether in restorations with existing bleached
natural dentition or in the fabrication of complete restorations.

However, this build-up technique

has significant drawbacks, especially
when compared to already bleached natural dentition, because
the bleaching process starts from
the tooth enamel and proceeds
inwards and although the enamel is
treated, the natural dentine either
remains unaffected by the procedure
or is affected to a much lesser degree.

Example
Colour chart
Opaque / Dentine
combinations

e
hit ite)
W
e
wh
qu ure
a
Op (p

n)
ow
r
A1 h, b
ue dis
q
a ed
Op (r

w)
llo
e
B1 , y
ue dish
q
a ed
Op (r

Crystal Dentine Light

(lowest chroma)

Brightest shade
of white

Brightest
A shade

Brightest
B shade

Crystal Dentine Pearl

(medium chroma)

Medium shade
of white

Medium
A shade

Medium
B shade

Crystal Dentine Creme

(highest chroma)

Most chromatic
shade of white

Most chromatic
A shade

Most chromatic
B shade

Crystal Flu Dentine may be used individually as a modifier.

37

Description of
ceramic materials

The Opaque Modifier White paste,

Opaque A1 paste and Opaque B1
paste may be combined with all
three dentines.

The Dentines:
Crystal Dentine Light is the brightest with the lowest chroma and
tends towards the white range.
Crystal Dentine Pearl has a somewhat higher chroma content than
Crystal Dentine Light and is to be
classified in the reddish, brown
range (A colours).
Crystal Dentine Crme has the
highest chroma content and is in
the reddish, yellow range
(B colours).

Crystal Flu Dentine

(Bleach Fluorescence Dentine):
Compared with the other dentine
types, this has the highest brightness value and the strongest
fluorescence.
May be mixed into the corresponding Crystal Dentine (Light, Pearl
or Crme) or used as a modifier
to achieve the desired levels of
fluorescence and brightness, for
instance around the cervical margin of a tooth.
Crystal Flue Dentine may be used
individually as a modifier.
Incisals:
These are exclusively Opal Effect
materials.
Opale Effect Frosty, Ice, Milky and
Snow are graded according to
their translucency and opalescence. Frosty is the most translucent
incisal with a very distinct opalescent effect, followed by Ice, Milky
and Snow, with Opale Effect Snow
having the least amount of translucency. Opale Effect Milky and
Snow may be used as standard
incisals without being allocated
to any particular incisal.

Opale Effect Frosty and Ice may be

used individually. They have a
distinct opalescent effect and are
for particular use at the incisal
edge and at the side of the tooth.

Incisal Modifier:
Crystal Opale Incisal Blue may be
used as a standard incisal or also as
a modifier where indicated. It has
a whitish blue opalescence, similar
to that of young teeth.
Incisal Aquamarin is used as a
modifier for bluish incisal areas.

Transpa Materials:
There are two materials available
with varying degrees of translucency.
Transpa Clear, which is very translucent (like glass) and Transpa
Neutral, which is somewhat less
translucent. Transpa Neutral can
also be used to adjust the colour
intensity of the ceramic. It must be
noted that while the translucency
increases according to the amount
of Transpa Neutral mixed in, the
colour intensity (chroma) is reduced at the same time.

38

Shoulder Powder:
A white shoulder powder, Crystal
Shoulder High, is available. If a different colour is required for the
shoulder, the compatible REFLEX
shoulder powders may be used
Crystal Shoulder Correction
powder is suitable for creating
and correcting ceramic shoulders
after glazing.

3-D build-up concept

Brightness
+

Opaque:
Controls the colour shade.
Dentine:
Controls the chroma.

I-Snow

Incisal (Opale Effect):

Controls the brightness.
I-Milky
Colour Shade
+

D-Light
I-Blue

D-Pearl
D-Creme
O-White O-B1

O-A1

Chroma

Materials Used:

Result:

Build-up technique variant

Example 1
Opaque White
Crystal Dentine Light
Incisal Snow

Bleach Snow White

(pure white)

Brightest bleach
variant with the
lowest chroma

Bleach tooth colour

range A shades
(reddish, white)

Darkest bleach
variant with the
highest chroma

Example 2
Opaque A1
Crystal Dentine Crme
Incisal Milky

39

Firing Programmes for REFLEX

Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

)
(C
g
T
yin
AR
Dr
ST
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
450
575

3:00
3:00
3:00
3:00
1:00
2:00
2:00
0:00
1:00
1:00

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:0-2:0
1:00
1:00

)
ec
n:s
i
m
e(
m
i
T

2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

c.
Va
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
0
9
9

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

l
ve
Le

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

in)
/m
C
(

D
EN

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

Austromat
3001
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

C575 T180 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C930 V0 T180 C0 L0 T2 C575

C575 T180 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C920 V0 T120 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T180 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C930 V0 T180 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T180 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C920 V0 T120 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T60 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C930 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T120 T180 L9 T120 V9 T075 C900 V0 T120 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T120 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C890 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T120 L9 T60 T075 C880 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575
C450 T60 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C720 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575
C575 T60 T120 L9 T60 V9 T075 C700 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575

40

)
(C

3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

c)
se
:
in
(m
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
3:0-4:0
6:0-7:0
4:0-5:0
3:00
3:0-4:0
3:0-4:0

Austromat M

575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
450
575

General Firing
Programme

)
C
e( e
e
e
r
pe )
u
at
im
d
ing erat Tim sec) g R in) Tem e (C g T sec) m
t
de ling
ea mp ing in: atin /m ng tur ldin in: uu )
n
h
e
c
i
C
y
t
oo
e Te
Dr (m He ( Fir ra Ho (m Va (% Ex C
Pr

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ld)
)
C
ho
(
/
l
e
e
ve
te
e
ur
pe C)
/ le
Ra n)
Timec)
im ec)
ng rat
)
m
c)

i
e
(
c
T
l
e
e
t
g
g
i
e
T re
g :s
a
n :s
g :s
se
in m
(id
sin in ehe emp in:
ldi in
c. C) %)
ing tu eat (C /
yin in
T
(
Ho (m Va (
H
Fir ra
(m
Dr (m Clo (m Pr

Austromat D4
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Firing

3:00
3:00
3:00
3:00
1:00
2:00
2:00
0:00
1:00
1:00

575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575

2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

930
920
930
920
930
900
890

720
700

)
C
e ( te
r
pe )
u
me
a
c) g Ti ec)
y erat g R in) Tem e (C g
)
e
C)
b
d- mp atin /m ing tur sin in: s ldin in:s cuumN (C cuumFF (
n
C
e
He ( Fir ra Clo (m Ho (m Va O Va O
Sta T

Programat
P90 / P95
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing

500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880

6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
4:00
6:0-7:0
5:0-6:0
3:0-4:0

Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

300
500

75
75

720
700

4:00
4:00

3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:0-2:0

600
929
600
919
600
929
600
919
600
929
600
899
600
889
no
no
vacuum vacuum
1:00
450
719
1:00
550
699

)
n)
C
mi
e ( :sec) c)
/
c)
r
)
)
c)
)
C
C
n
ec C)
C ratu
(
se in:se )
i
)

:se
:
(
s
(
:
e
C
n
n
(
F
m
i
i
t
n

C
e
(
i
F
N
(
O
O
(m
Ra
(m n (m n (
V
g
)
(m ting ec)
mp
a
er ling
ng uum uum uum l Te ding ding per
yin :sec ing
s
i
e
r
:
p
t
s
a
l
l
a
o
c
c
c
m
m
eh min
ed min
Co
Te
Te
Ho
Ho
Fin
Va
Va
Va
He
(
Pr
Clo
(
Pr

Cergo Press /
Compakt
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135

3:00
3:00
3:00
3:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00

2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
2:00
2:00
2:00

575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
450
575

1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
2:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

On
On
On
On
On
On
On
Off
On
On

575
575
575
575
575
575
575

450
575

930
920
930
920
930
900
890

720
700

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00

3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00

Warning
Firing temperatures are given for guidance only. Variations may occur depending on the furnace used and the temperatures may need to be adjusted accordingly. For larger cases the drying and final cooling times should be extended as
necessary.
In the case of large-span bridgework relief cooling (opening the furnace door slowly) may be necessary to avoid thermal
tension. With large-span bridge frameworks the geometry (e.g. with solid pontics) may necessitate increasing the end
temperatures of the first and second dentine bake by approx. 10 C.

41

Multimat MC II
Multimat C
Mach 2
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

Multimat
Touch & Press
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

Vacumat
200 / 250 / 300
Paste Opaque 1
Paste Opaque 2
Powder Opaque 1
Powder Opaque 2
Shoulder Powder SH
Dentine Firing 1
Dentine Firing 2
Glaze Firing
Shoulder Powder SC
Correction Powder

)
C
c)
e( e
r
:se ime )
u m )
pe C) Rate )
e c)
g
g
t
n
i
T ec
i
a
n
n
m
c
m
i
i er
i
( g in
T
e
e
m
t
t
e
ea mp ing in: s hea e ( uum in :s ng T in:s ng T ture atin C /m uum )
h
c
y
e Tim ac (m iri (m iri ra
e Te
He ( Va (%
F
F
V
Dr (m Pr
Pr
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
450
575

5:00
5:00
4:00
4:00
2:00
4:00
3:00
2:00
2:00
2:00

1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
2:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
0:00
1:00
1:00

4:00
3:00
4:00
3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:0-2:0
2:00
2:00

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

)
C
c)
e( e
e
r
se
e- )
te
:
u m )
g
g
t
n
Timec) ime ec)
Ra n)
mp (C
in era Ti sec tin (mi m
e
t
g
i
s
m
T
re u n :
u
ea e
ea p ng n:
g T n:s
g
tin /m
eh Tem ryi (mi reh Tim acu (%) ea (C irin ratu acu (mi irin (mi
r
F
V
F
H
V
P
D
P
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
575
450
575

5:00
5:00
4:00
4:00
2:00
4:00
4:00
2:00
2:00
2:00

1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

1:00
1:00

4:00
3:00
4:00
3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:0-2:0
2:00
2:00

)
e
C ur
e
e ( erat
e
e
e
r
u
Tim )
im c)
im c)
im c)
T
T
T
at mp
g
c
y
r
m :se
-b pe Te
yin :se up :se ng :se
nd em nal C) redr min eat- min oldi min acuu min
a
i
t
(
(
(
(
(
T
V
H
H
P
F
S
450
450
575
575
575
575
575
575
450
575

930
920
930
920
930
900
890
880
720
700

6:00
6:00
5:00
5:00
4:00
7:00
5:00
4:00
4:00
4:00

6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
3:00
6:00
3:00

3:00
2:00
3:00
2:00
1:00
2:00
1:00
1:00
1:00
1:00

6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
6:00
0:00
6:00
3:00

Warning
Firing temperatures are given for guidance only. Variations may occur depending on the furnace used and the temperatures may need to be adjusted accordingly. For larger cases the drying and final cooling times should be extended as
necessary.
In the case of large-span bridgework relief cooling (opening the furnace door slowly) may be necessary to avoid thermal
tension. With large-span bridge frameworks the geometry (e.g. with solid pontics) may necessitate increasing the end
temperatures of the first and second dentine bake by approx. 10 C.

42

Troubleshooting
Fault

The colour is too light and / or the

ceramic is opaque and porous.

Cause

Remedy

The preheating temperature is

too high.

Reduce the preheating temperature.

The firing temperature is too low.

Increase the firing temperature.

The vacuum pump starts too late.

Reduce preheating temperature

and/or vacuum start temperature.

The vacuum level reached is

too low.

Check that the vacuum pump and

furnace seals are intact.

Increase the end temperature

and/or the holding time.

Increase the end temperature

and / or holding time.

Reduce the end temperature.

Avoid sharp angles and edges in

the substructure.

The ceramic surface is not smooth

or is too rough.

The end temperature is too low and/

or the holding time is too short.

The ceramic surface is not shiny

enough.

The end temperature is too low and/

or the holding time is too short.

The edges and contours become

rounded.

The end temperature is too high.

Flaking / cracking

Sharp angles and edges in the

substructure.

Incorrect substructure design.

Check the design of the

substructure.

Veneering ceramic underfired.

Increase the end temperature.

Compression cracking: horizontal

cracks in the incisal area or on
pontics.

CTE of the alloy is too high.

Veneer only alloys with a CTE in the

range 13.8 15.1x10-6K-1 (25 500 C).

Tension cracking: fine, non-directional cracks over the whole surface of

the veneer.

CTE of the alloy is too low.

Veneer only alloys with a CTE in the

range 13.8 15.1x10-6K-1 (25 500 C).
Be sure to fire without a cooling
phase.

Warning
Inhaling ceramic dust can be harmful to the lungs. Ceramic powders must therefore be stored in tightly sealed
containers and used in accordance with the instructions provided. When grinding the fired ceramic to its final
shape, always wear a mask with a P1 filter or use an approved, fully operational work bench extraction unit.

To order please contact your local representative or

call the WIELAND Dental + Technik export department
on +49 73 21 / 37 05 - 0.
Technical Hotline Germany: +49 60 07 / 91 76 - 222
or contact your local distributor.

43

Fon
Fax

+49 72 31 / 37 05 - 0
+49 72 31 / 35 79 59

www.wieland-international.com
info@wieland-international.com

International Representations

Distributed by:

WIELAND Dental+Technik is
represented worldwide. To locate
your local contact please go to
www.wieland-international.com
or call us on +49 72 31/37 05-0.
530036e.02.01/08

WIELAND Dental + Technik

GmbH & Co. KG
Schwenninger Strae 13
75179 Pforzheim, Germany