National conference on Data Communications held in CSIO Chandigarh , April 7-8, 2000

NoorJahanHaque AssociateLecturer IETEInstituteofElectronics&TelecommunicationEngineering, Chandigarh Preparedby RamanK.Attri(SrScientist,CSIOChandigarh) NoorJahanHaque(AssociateLecturer,IETEChandigarh)

CommunicationSoftware
Areastobecovered OverviewofDataCommunication RoleofDataCommunicationSoftware FunctionalAspectsofDataCommunicationSoftware

DataCommunicationOverview
TransportationofInformationfromonepointto

anotherthroughacommunicationmedium
Inherentlylinkedwithcomputersandtransmissionof

dataoverthenetworkthroughthecommunication media

EvolutionofDataCommunication
HugedevelopmentinPC + NetworkTechnologies

AdvantagesofDataCommunication
Efficientuseoflargecomputers improvesthemonitoringprojects providesvariousvalueaddedservices

ResultofDataCommunicationTechnology
informationsuperhighwayforfreeaccessibilityand communicability i bili f forcommonutilities ili i and dservices i

ComponentsofDataCommunication
DataSource DataSink CommunicationMedia ControllingCommunicationSoftware

Source

Commn Media

Sink

Communication Software

DataSource
OriginatorofInformation ItcanbeaPC,server,remoteterminal,satelliteora

machine hi Convertthedataintotheformatsuitablefor transmissionunderthecontrolofcommunication software

DataSink
Receiverofinformation Itcanbeacomputeroraterminalconnectedtosource Receivesthesignal,decodesintobits,assemblesthe

groupofbitsandrecreatetheoriginallytransmitted information

CommunicationMedia
Gluesthesourceandsinktogetherforinformation

exchange It I canb bedi directcable bl (i (inLAN) LAN),modem d through h h telephoneline(inWAN),satellite,opticalfiber, cellularconnection

CommunicationInterface
Innetworkconfigurationbothsourceandsinkare

PC,termedasDataTerminalEquipment(DTE). TwoDTE(SourceandSink)areconnectedthrough aninterfacetermedasDataCommunication Equipment DCEcanbeamodem,EthernetcardorVSAT

Communication Software(Transmitter) Communication Media DCE

Communication Software (Receiver)

Data Source DTE PC

DCE

Data Sink DTE PC

Modem/VSAT/Ethernet Card

ConversionofDataintoSignal
DCEConvertsDigitalDatafromDTEintoasignal

suitablefortransmission&viceversa conversionfromDigitaltoAnalog& viceversainmodem Parallel ll ltoserial l&viceversainLAN Networks)

DCEandCommunicationSoftware

DCEworksincloseassociationwithCommunication SoftwareatDTEtoperformthesophisticatedfunctions: efficient ffi i tdata d t flow fl between b t th thet twoends d Establishmentofthephysicalconnectionbetweenthetwo endpoints p Transmissionandreceiptofalldigitalinformationthrough thephysicalcircuit ConversionformDigitaltoanalogandviceversa ErrorDetectionandcorrection M it i and Monitoring dDiagnosing Di i of fequipment i tf faults lt

DataCommunicationSoftware
ItisacomputerprogramrequiredonDTE(PC)to

bridgethegapandinterpretthebits/bytesthatare g transmittedviathecommunicationmediathrough theinterface CoreofDataCommunicationisCommunication Software Responsibleforcontrollingdataformatting,data transmission,andtotalcommunicationcontrol May M completely l l resides id oncentral lPCorpartof fi itmay belocatedonthefrontendcommunicationPC,a concentrator,remoteconcentratororinintelligent terminals

SignificanceofDataCommunication Software
Definesthecommunicationparameters Controlstheuseraccessibility ytoinformation optimalconfigurationofcommunicationhardware effective ff ti utilization tili ti of fnetwork t kresources

FunctionsofCommunicationSoftware

Transmissioninitiationandtermination Establishmentoflogicalconnectionsoverphysicalline MessageAssemblyandDeassembly DataTransmission&receipt Codeconversion ErrorDetection DataEditing C t lCharacter Control Ch t Recognition R iti DataDeliveryandoutput Transmissionmonitoring gandmaintenance

CommunicationSoftwareDesignConsideration
SoftwareDesigntobebasedonprinciplesof

modularity,hierarchyandgenerality Design D i of fcommunication i i software f is i done d in i form f of f layers,eachlayerhavingdifferentfunctions CommunicationSoftwaredesignfollowsastandard approachhavingsetofproceduresorrulescalled p protocols

CommunicationSoftwareDesignConsideration
Multidimensionalstudyisinvolvedinthedesignof

communicationsoftware ThedesigndependsuponequipmentDTE(terminal controller,concentrator,switchorhostPC)thatwould beconnected. Characteristicsofcommunicationmediawithrespectto probabilityoferroranditsremedymeasures ComplexityofSoftwaredependsuponthecomplexityof networks

DataCommunicationProtocols
Protocolsarethesetofrulesortheprocedurewhich

arefollowedbycommunicatingdeviceswhile exchangingthedata(exampletelephoneconversation) Protocolsprovidethestandardizationandflexible interconnectionofcommunicationamongdifferent platformsanddifferentkindsofPCs

DataCommunicationProtocolsInternals
DataCommunicationProtocolscanbeeitherBit OrientedorByteoriented Bi oriented Bit i dprotocol ltransmit i data d in i batchesofanylengthuptospecified number Byteorientedprotocoltransmitdatain8bit blocks

RoleofLayeringinProtocolDesign
ProtocolisaCollectionofRulesforphysicalestablishment

ofcalls,identification,transmissionofdata,acknowledge ment&termination ProtocolismeantForuniversalstandardizationof informationexchangeoverthePCfromdifferentvendors, platformsandnetworkconfiguration Protocolisdesignedinformsoflayer.Eachlayerisa specificpieceofsoftwarefollowingsomepredefinedrules offunctioning.

RoleofLayeringinProtocolDesign
Uniquefunctionsorprocessaredesignatedtodifferent

layersinacommunicationprotocolandlayersin conjunction j i provide id the h efficient ffi i communication. i i LayersofDatacommunicationsoftwareensurethatthe dataisphysicallytransmitted&userreceivesitwithno errors OSImodelbasedonsevenlayersenabledevelopment of fastandard d dthat h would ldf facilitate ili aflexible fl ibl interconnectionofsystemsusingdatacommunication facilities

OSIlayersofCommunicationProtocol
Physicallayer Datalinklayer Networklayer Transportlayer Sessionlayer Presentationlayer Applicationlayer

(interconnectionthroughphysicalmedia) (controlerrorfreetransmissionoverphysical layer) (controlefficientroutingandpathsinthe network) (controldatatransportabilityfromsystemto system) (controldialogcommunicationsession) (controlrepresentation&manipulationof data) (controluserinterface )

DataTransmissionError
Datawhilebeingtransmittedmaysufferdamage,

errorduetothecharacteristicsofthetransmission medium di ord duetoexternal ldi disturbances b AlmostalltheCommunicationchannelsarevery errorproneto t less l ormoreextent t t Evenifabitiserroneous,thewholeofthe characterislost Qualityofcommunicationchannelismeasuredby percentageofcharacterstransmittedcorrectly

DataErrorRecoverythroughDCS
Recoverymethodsaremustforefficientdata

communication Protocoltechniqueensurethatinformationis transmittedonlyandonlywhencommunication channelisfreeandtheappropriateterminaldevices arereadytoreceive Communicationsoftwareincludethemethodof capturingtheerroratinitiallevelandrequest transmittertoretransmitthelostbit CommunicationSoftwareincludetheerrordetection andcorrectionalgorithms

Abouttheauthor
NoorJahanHaqueearnedherMastersinInformationtechnologyin

1999.SheservedatIETEasassociatefacultyfrom20002001. neeruhaque2000@yahoo.com

RamanK.Attri,MastersinTechnology(AppliedElectronics)servedas

seniorscientistatCSIOChandigarhfrom19952005.Hisspecialization isinInstrumentationsystems.rkattri@rediffmail.com