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#174501

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A tunnel is dug along a chord of the earth at a perpendicular distance $$R/2$$ from
the earth's centre. The wall of the tunnel may be assumed to be frictionless. A particle
is released from one end of the tunnel. The pressing force by the particle on the wall,
and the acceleration of the particle vary with $$x$$ (distance of the particle from the
centre) according to

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Newton's law of gravitation

Variation of gravitational

acceleration 'g'
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Gravitational potential

Gravitational potential energy and

conservation of energy

Energy of a satellite

Orbital velocity

Kepler's law of planetary motion

Time period of revolution

Geostationary satellites

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Binding energy and angular

momentum

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Escape velocity

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Black hole theory

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#193891

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Explorer $$38$$, a radio-astronomy satellite of mass $$200$$kg, circle the Earth in an

orbit of average radius $$\displaystyle \frac {3R}{2}$$ where $$R$$ is the radius of the
Earth. Assuming the gravitational pull on a mass of $$1$$kg at the earth's surface to be
$$10 N$$, calculate the pull on the satellite

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$$\displaystyle 889 N$$

$$\displaystyle 89 N$$

$$\displaystyle 8889 N$$

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$$\displaystyle 8.9 N$$

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13

#157267

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A space station is setup in a space at a distance equal to the earth's radius from the
surface of theearth. Suppose a satellite can be launched from the space station.
Let$${\nu }_{ 1 }$$and$${ \nu
}_{ 2 }$$ be the escape velocities of the satellite on the earth's surface andspace

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station, respectively. Then

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$${ \nu }_{ 2 }={ \nu }_{ 1 }$$

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$${ \nu }_{ 2 }<{ \nu }_{ 1 }$$

$${ \nu }_{ 2 }>{ \nu }_{ 1 }$$

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D

(a), (b) and (c) are valid depending on the mass of satellite.

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14

#6146

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The ratio of the energy required to raise asatellite upto a height R (radius of earth)
fromthe surface of earth to that required to put itinto orbit there is

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1:1

8:1

4:1

2:3

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15

#6278

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A small body is at a distance r from thecentre of Mercury, where r is greater thanthe

radius of Mercury. The energy required toshit the body from r to 2r measured from
thecentre is E. The energy required to shit it from 2r to 3r will be

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$$\frac{E}{2}$$

$$\frac{E}{3}$$

$$\frac{E}{4}$$

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#6382

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A particle of mass 1kg is placed at a distance of4m from the centre and on the axis of a
uniformring of mass 5kg and radius 3m. The work doneto increase the distance of
the particle from 4m to$$\sqrt{3}m$$ is.

$$\frac{G}{3}J$$

$$\frac{G}{4}J$$

$$\frac{G}{5}J$$

$$\frac{G}{6}J$$

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17
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$${ r }^{ 3 }$$

$${ r }^{ 2 }$$

$${ r }^{ 2.5 }$$

$${ r }^{ 3.5 }$$

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Imagine a light planet revolving around a very massive star in a circular orbit of
radius $$r$$ with a period of revolution $$T$$. If the gravitational force of attraction
between the planet and the star is inversely proportional to$${ r }^{ { 5 }/{ 2 } }$$, then
the square of the time period will be proportional to

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#160483

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#467574

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A launching vehicle carrying an articial satellite of mass $$m$$ is set for launch on
the surface of the earth of mass $$M$$ and radius $$R$$. If the satellite is intended to
move in a circular orbit of radius $$7 R$$, the minimum energy required to be spent
by the launching vehicle on the satellite is:
(Gravitational constant = G)

$$\dfrac{GMm }{ R}$$

$$\dfrac{13 GMm}{14R}$$

$$\dfrac{GMm}{7 R}$$

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$$\dfrac{GMm }{ 14R}$$

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#192332

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An enterprising physics student has developed a sotware package that calculates

gravity-based parameters for actual and theoretical planets and satellites. The
program is based on the following simple principles and approximations:
(A) Newton's second law, $$F=ma$$, applies
(B) Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every body attracts every other
body with a force of magnitude $$F_{gravity}=\dfrac{GMm}{r^2}$$, where $$M$$ and
$$m$$ are the masses of two interacting bodies, $$r$$ is the distance between their
centres of mass, and $$G$$ is the gravitational constants.
(C) For a pair of interacting bodies if one is signicantly more massive than the other,
the heavier body is considered stationary with the smaller body orbiting around it.
(D) The orbit of the smaller body is a circle. The smaller body experiences a centripetal
force. $$F_{centipetal}=\dfrac{mv^2}{r}$$, directed towards the centre of the more
massive body.
(E) For bodies on or near the surface of a planet, $$r$$ is simply the planet's radius,
$$R$$.
(F) Planets are spheres with volume, $$V=\dfrac{4}{3}\pi R^3$$.
(G)The total mechanical energy of a satellite is the sum of its kinetic and gravitational
potential energy $$E=E_K+K_P=\dfrac{mv^2}{2}-\dfrac{GMm}{r}=constant$$
Since the more massive planet is stationary, $$E_k$$ depends only on the motion of
the satellite.
The gravitational potential energy increases from a large negative value zero as the
distance increases to innity.
The speed needed for a projectile to completely escape the pull of the planet is called
the escape velocity. A projectile is completely beyond the gravity of a planet has a total
mechanical eneegy of zero with respect to that planet. Conservation of energy
requires that the total mechanical energy of the projectile when it was at the planet's
surface must also equal to zero.

Which expression is an accurate description of the total mechanical energy for a

satellite of mass $$m$$ in a circular orbit of radius $$r$$ around a planet of mass
$$M$$?

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$$GMm/r$$

$$-GMm/r$$

$$GMm/2r$$

$$-GMm/2r$$

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20

#174503

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Which of the following statements are true about acceleration due to gravity?

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$$g$$ decreases in moving away from the centre if $$r>R$$

$$g$$ decreases in moving away from the centre if $$r

C

$$g$$ is zero at the centre of the earth

$$g$$ decreases if earth stops rotating on its axis

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