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THE OFFICINAL
MATERIA MEDICA
BY
FREDERICK
T.
ROBERTS,
SECOND EDITION
H. K.
LEWIS,
LONDON
GOWER STREET,
136
1887
W.C.
PRINTED BY
K.
LEWIS, 136
COWER STREET
LONDON, W.C.
The
macopoeia since
necessitated
and
this
this worlc
first
published, has
its
many changes in
of new drugs, and
the omission of
but have
was
Phar-
now been
officinal,
rejected.
Much
that
the
action
developed.
of medicines
general
of the
effects,
Moreover,
the
action
of each
officinal
drug
is
PREFACE.
iv
Other drugs to which
attempt
made
is
disease, which
this
it is
No
is
The doses
work.
therapeutically allied.
in
As
this
Medica,
have altered
preparing
the
its
giving a toler-
at
title
present edition
officinal
Materia
accordingly.
I
have
kept
In
in
view, not only the wants of medical and pharmaceutical students, who will find the subject pre-
aspect which
required at examinations;
titioners, to
whom
may need
to
it
can fairly be
speedy information.
desire
to
rectify
My
friend,
The Author.
102 Harley Street,
April, 1887.
CONTENTS.
Section
I.
INTRODUCTION.
Method
of Study
General
PAGE
Sources of Drugs
Pharmacy
and Measures
gical
Weights
Section
.....
1-47
II.
11.
III.
Aqua Water
Carbo
Carbon
.......
Sulphur Group
IV. Chlorine
and Hypochlorites
.61
69
73
56
gS
82
.
.86
CONTENTS.
VI
PAGE
.90
Lithium
10-148
sium
Cerium
149-163
drargyrum
Alcohol
Group
: Hydrocyanic Acid-
Ether
Group
Chloroform
235-259
Sfxtion
III.
...
303
1.
Entire Plant
3o6
2.
3.
Barks
334
4.
Woods
344
CONTENTS.
vii
PAGE
5.
6.
Leaves
348
7.
362
8.
Fruits
9.
Seeds
376
'
11.
Diseased Plants
12.
Vegetable Products:
.......
........
........
......
394
398
a.
Gums
b.
Resins
c.
Gum-Resins.
d.
414
e.
Turpentines or Oleo-Resins
418
Oils
a.
Simple fixed
b.
Aromatic
c.
Concrete
e.
Special
422
428
432
volatile
S^P^
Neutral Principles
17.
18.
Miscellaneous Drugs
438
439
16.
427
and
/. Glycerine
Alkaloids
408
......
oils, fixed
15.
402
^21
volatile oils
oils
400
oils
Stearoptenes
14.
.383
.....
.
10.
13.
347
.441
^g,
^85
.
CONTENTS.
Vlll
II.
1.
Living Animal
2.
Dead
3.
4.
503
5.
507
6.
Ovum Egg
508
497
Insects
.
-501
Section IV.
Summary
of Officinal Preparations
509-533
MATERIA MEDICA.
Section
I.
INTRODUCTION.
The
education.
The
sub-
macology.
IV. Therapeutics.
with medicinal
substances
in
themselves
compounds. Physiological Action or Pharmacology refers to the action of drugs upon the system
in health.
Therapeutics, in the more restricted
sense of the term, deals with their effects in disease, and their practical uses in treatment.
The main purpose of this work is to give a concise account of Materia Medica and Pharmacy,
according to a plan which I have found useful
for practical instruction.
The Physiological and
Therapeutic Action of the several drugs will
also be stated, so far as this is indicated by
the terms in recognised \x^it emetic, purgative,
B
MATERIA MEDICA.
tonic,
I,
Method
of Study.
It
make
and
METHOD OF STUDY.
may
combmations of
The
different
drugs
to
employ.
inodes
(2)
MATERIA MEDICA.
and
it
is
relating- to this
subject.
Owing-
to their
incom-
of their appearance, colour, taste, or other chaIt must be borne in mind, however, that
racters.
While
Pharmacy
is
ot
3. The nature
aeneral pharmaceutical operations.
ot
methods
%outs of preparations, and their general
preparation
the
manufacture.
4- The details of
of individual drugs
and of
active principles.
5.
preparations
o.
NATURE AND SOURCES OF DRUGS.
2.
Drugs.
The
ag-ents
regarded
sions
the
in
of: i.
Officinal
or
or
official;
2.
No7i- officinal or
Officinal
official
practical value.
The following table will serve as a basis for indicating generally the sources and nature of
mediagents
cinal
A. Inorganic f^"
KingdomI
_
B. Organic
Kingdom
1.
2-
(.3f
4.
( 5.
etalhc.
f
Special chemical
products.
Vegetable or Botanical.
Animal.
to
the
non-
some
2.
acids.
The metallic
^'^^"'^ be specially
th!"fP'''P%'^"""f
the
form of oxides,
other combinations.
salts,
acids,
Very rarely
employed therapeutically
is
made
and variou^
a metal
'eiai uselt
self
i
MATERIA MEDICA.
of the non-metallic elements in various combmaAlcohol, the different ethers, and hydrotions.
group.
kingdom a
botanical
or
4. From the vegetable
many of
obtained,
are
drugs
very large number of
In a
importance.
and
value
them of the greatest
ofjj'"'^
use
made
is
plant
/z>-<?
few instances the
commonly one or more of its parts are alone offici-
to illustrate this
flowers,
such as the root, bark, wood, leaves,
vegethe
from
derived
drugs
Two
fruit, or seeds.
plants in a
table kingdom are really portions of
rye and galldiseased condition, namely, ergot of
^^^eir
Plants are seldom administered
nuts.
different
natural state, but are usually made into
Again, several imporpreparations.
nal,
pharmaceutical
from certam
tant drugs consist oi products obtained
ways, ot
other
parts of plants, by incision or in
camasafcetida,
opium, aloes, scammony,
which
examples.
phor, catechu, and kino afford prominent
but in
state,
sirnple
These are often given in their
active
contain
and
agents,
reality they are compound
conin
sometimes
principles and other constituents,
siderable number,
different ac-
The
kingdom
table
essential oils,
myrrh, asafoetida, ammoniacum, scamOleo-resins or Terebinthi?tates, e.g., copaiba, turpentine, Canada balsam,
(iv) Balsams,
consisting of resin and benzoic or cinnamic acid,
e.g., benzoin, balsam of Peru, and balsam
of Tolu.
fesitis, e.g.,
mony.
g.
h.
I.
(iii)
and gelatine.
These are principles the
nature of which is not definitely known, and which
are provisionally grouped together under this term.
Their number is becoming progressively less, as
researches reveal more clearly what the active
J. Extractive
matters.
late of lime.
MATERIA MEDICA.
8
will
It
by
oil of bitter
almonds, and
oil of
mustard.
the animal kingdom only a comparatively few therapeutic agents are obtained, and
they may be arranged as follows:
Ex. Cantharides, cochia. Animals themselves.
5.
From
neal, leeches.
b.
Parts of
A?ii?nals,
altered or prepared in
some
cetaceum.
way.
honey.
Musk,
Ex.
c. Secretions.
organs or
d. Special preparations obtained from
ox-gall,
pepsin,
oil,
Cod-liver
Ex.
secretions.
milk-sugar, wax.
The white and yolk of hens' eggs are
e. Eggs.
JEx. Isinglass, lard, suet,
used medicinally.
3.
perhaps help
to
make
as
portant,
and
all
that
is
required
is
SCOPE OF MATERIA MEDICA.
thus summarised:
that is, whence it is derived.
from the vegetable
obtained
In the case of drugs
geographical source
and
botanical
their
kingdom,
must be separately distinguished.
b. Its 7iahire, or what class of substances it belongs to. In relation to the vegetable drugs, it is
requisite to learn what part or parts of a plant are
officinal, as well as the nature of any special prodruga.
may be
10
MATERIA MEDICA.
and
adulterations.
The
tests
4.
Pharmacy.
PHARMACOPOilAL PREPARATIONS.
II
cog-nised
here taken
in
AcETA
I.
alphabetical order.
Vinegars.
Excluding
Acetum
or
dinary impurities.
certain
of
Solutions
2.
substances
in
distilled
water.
3.
made by
water with
or with the
by which process some of the oil
Preparations
passes over
distilling
volatile
oil,
in solution.
Cataplasmata
different
ways.
12
MATERIA MEDICA.
more or
VIII.
less
powerful nature.
Enemata Injections
or Clysters.
Liquid
preparations intended to be injected into the rectum. Their basis is, with one exception, mucilage of
starch.
PHARMACOPCEIAL PREPARATIONS.
oil
IX. Essentia
(one part) in
X. ExTRACTA
Essences.
rectified spirit
Extracts.
I3
Solutions of a volatile
(four parts).
In g^eneral terms an
extract may be defined as a concentrated preparation containing- the active principles of a vegetable
drug', obtained by evaporating- the juice of plants,
or solutions of their principles in different menstrua, and in some instances submitting the products
to certain processes in order to preserve them.
Extracts are of various degrees of consistence,
arid have on this ground been divided into fluid,
iemi-solid, and hard or dry.
The more practical
and useful arrangement of these preparations,
however, is as follows
A. Fresh or green extracts.
This class of
extracts are usually prepared thus:
i. Press the
juice out of the leaves or other fresh parts of
plants, differing in different cases.
2. Heat this
juice gradually to 130 to coagulate the green colour:
ing^
fluid
filter.
3.
Evaporate the
to the
filtrate
by a water-bath
There
IS
the
MATERIA MEDICA.
14
product,
fluid
to
ways
in
dif-
subsequent
alone, in the
of rectified
spirit.
porating to a certain quantity; and adding rectiIn one instance (cinchona) hydrochloric
fied spirit.
Rectified
acid and glycerine are added to the water.
water,
and
spirit
spirit alone, proof spirit, and proof
ethethe
of
One
are used in particular cases.
Two
group.
liquid
real extracts belongs to the
exother
from
made
of the liquid extracts are
trsc ts
in glycerine,
PHARMACOPCEIAL PREPARATIONS.
Infusions.
XII. Infusa
to these
ing"
marised
1.
The
preparations
I5,
may be
infusing or digesting
drugs
either fifteen
two hours
in
one case.
6.
is
simple.
injection.
They
all
oil,
MATERIA MEDICA.
i6
volatile
oil,
concrete
oil
(camphor),
glycerine,
or a
fied
spirit.
ingredients.
Mel Depuratumpurified or
mels.
PHARiVl COPCEIAL
'
PREPARATIONS.
I7
2.
composition.
3. They consist mainly of substances suspended,
partly dissolved, in water, cinnamon-water, peppermint-water, rose-water, or milk; and agents are
In
XX.
gummy
for flavounhg
MuciLAGiNEs Mucilages.
Solutions of
or starch boiled so that it
is in a "state of excessive
hydration."
small proportion of rectified spirit is added to the
Mucilago
Tragacanthae, in order to preserve it. The
mucilages are of more or less thick
consistence.
substances in
water
may
will
In
be
the
officinal
'
hyhmf^
3-
4.
Oil).
l8
MATERIA MEDICA.
is
new
class of
made
dru^s with oleic acid. One of the oleates is
into an ointment.
A mixture ot^
XXIII OxYMELLiTA OxYMELS.
.
clarified
honey
Their chief
Pills
tKher
Some
.n^Snitionanao^^^^
alf active drugs,
nc? n most instances
bein^
'dilnt7be
gredients
constituents are only
division or intermixture
Snute
TsUl ;rmoteTemedicines.
of the
more
active
PHARMACOPCEIAL PREPARATIONS.
2.
They
consist
IQ
B.P., with
namely
1.
2.
The
alcoholic gro\xp.
Solutions of various agents in, or miximesWvCn.
rectified spirit,
oils,
ether,
and chloroform.
a more or less complex
made by a process of distillation.
XXVII. SucciJuices. There are two groups
3.
Special preparations, o{
nature,
They are
of
fol-
to
this
solid consistence,
but
somewhat
them
to oil of
oil
and add
at a
MATERIA MEDICA.
20
dilferent cases).
the active ingredients with glycerine of
h. Mix
some
starch and curd soap in certain proportions; in
suitable
of
paste
form
a
to
starch
instances add
These are
1.
and water.
various
Syrups made from refined sugar and
complidrugs by special processes, sometimes very
water,
In this group either cold distilled
cated
of syrup
3.
or
water,
rectified spirit
There are
tvvo
are generally used as solvents.
merely
being
exceptions, in one case the sugar
^1y;uts^h:uld be
kept
in
>//
in
Bottles,
else the
If they contain
suglr is liable to crystallize.
iheir
ferment,
to
apt
litde suear thev are
servat^^^^^^^^^
aided
special precautions.
in
the
some instances by
too
pre
certain
PHARMACOPCEIAL PREPARATIONS.
21
nitro-glycerine."
This
is
a very
numerous
The
3.
are
solvents
employed
in different
instances
resin
of ammonia;
of ammonia
proof spirit ;
of orange peel ; tincture of cardamoms with
spirit; and a mixture of
chloroform, ether, and
rectified
rec tilled
spirit.
tinctures
MATERIA MEDICA.
22
adding
sufficient spirit to
make
one pint.
additional hve
percolationyN\\}^
sionally followed
subject the contents of the
Afterwards
ounces.
mix the
percolator to pressure, filter the product,
'
make
one pint.
^.
points to be
:
follows
as
are
noted about these preparations
The
intended to be
administering
of
form
sucked, and are a convenient
not a dishave
as
such
drugs in small doses, or
1
They are
agreeable
solid
srnall
tablets
taste.
Most
3!
It is
of
them are
important
simple,
a few compound.
of the
to learn the proportions
heat."
facts
'^'SSxiirUNGUENTA-OxNTMENTS. The main
be thus summarized
reladng to ointments may
more or less solid conbut
They are of a sof
I
use, being
and are intended for external
sis ence
or other
lint
applied on
smeared over a surface,
material, or rubbed
in.
PHARMACOPCEIAL PREPARATIONS.
23
The
materials
in different
employed
cases are
making ointments
in
Prepared lard.
Benzoated lard.
c. Prepared lard and suet.
d. Prepared lard and olive oil.
e. Prepared lard and yellow wax.
/. Simple ointment, which consists of a mixture of
benzoated lard, white wax, and almond oil.
a.
b.
h.
ingredients.
b. Dissolving the active drugs in, or mixing them
with, spirit, water, nitric acid, oil, or other liquids,
before mixing them with the firmer constituents.
c. Melting
wax, resin, concrete oils, fats, or
paraffins, by means of a gentle heat (usually in a
water-bath); then stirring thoroughly and constantly while cooling, and at the same time incorporating the dry ingredients in fine powder.
d. Melti7ig the ingredients together; and either
stirring while cooling; or straining through calico,
flannel, or muslin.
e.
Special methods.
XXXIV. Vapores Inhalations. These are preparations intended to be inhaled by the patient,
usually by means of a suitable " Inhaler."
Those
which are officinal are each prepared in a particular way, and must be separately studied.
MATERIA MEDICA.
24
1. They are soluiiofis of drugs or active principles in wine, which is employed partly on account
of its alcohol, partly in some cases on account of
its acid.
Most are simple, a few compound.
2. The solvent is sherry wine in all but three instances.
Viniim Aura7itii is merely a fermentingsaccharine solution, to which fresh peel of bitter
orange has been added. This wine is used in the
in
one
acid
citric
being
added
The
3.
to aid solution.
methods of preparation are:
b.
c.
Mere
solution
Special, in the
B.
and
filtering in
case of
Vinum
some
cases.
Ipecacuanhae.
necessary to be acquainted with the recognised weights and measures, and it will be convenient to give here a complete summary of this
part of the subject, copied from the Appendix of
the B.P.
It is
gr-
Grain
Ounce
Pound
(Avoir.)
oz.
lb.
16 ounces
=
=
437-5 grams
7000
Measures of Capacity.
Minim
Fluid Drachm
Fluid Ounce
min.
11. Ulllli
drm.
fl.
Pint
O.
Gallon
C.
I
I
I
fl.
oz.
=
=
=
=
60
mimms
drachms
20 fluid ounces
o
pmts
25
Measures of Length.
I inch
12 inches
36 inches
in.
=
=
foot
3 feet
yard
Fluid
I Fluid
1 Pint
I
Gallon
,,
,,
,,
or
10 pounds or
70000-0
,,
Gramme
I
I
o'l
,,
= weight
of a cubic centimetre of
water at 4 C.
I'o
lO'O
loo'o
iooq-o
,,
,,
,,
Measures of Capacity.
MiUilitre =
i cub. centim. or the
Centilitre =
10
,,
"
T-v
IDecilitre = 100
Litre
= 1000
mea. of
10
100
1000
gram, of water
"
"
,,
(i kilo.)
Measures of Length.
I
1
I
I
"
Metre
^.^
Millimetre
26
MATERIA MEDICA.
Pound
Ounce
Grain
=
=
=
453'5927
28-3495
0*0648
grammes
>i
Gallon
Pint
=0-567932
Fluid Ounce =0 028397
Fluid Drachm =0-003550
Minim
,,
=4-543458
=0-000059
litres
28-397
3'550
o-059
"
Milligramme
Centigramme
Decigramme
Gramme
Kilogramme
=
=
=
=
2 lbs.
0-015432 grains
0-15432
,,
i'5432
>.
i5'432
1.
,,
3 oz. 119-8 grs. or 15432-349
=
=
=
=
0-03937 inches
0-39371
,,
3-93708
I
or ^ yard 3-37 inches
..
39"37079
I Metre
Cubic Centimetre = 15-432 grains*
Litre = 1-76077 pint or i pint 15 oz. i dr. 43 m.
I
Millimetre
Centimetre
Decimetre
In prescribing^, the
following-
9
3
= Scruple or 20 grains;
= Drachm or 60 grains
= Ounce.
PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS.
27
C. Pharmaceutical Operations.
will
Decaniation.
or pipette.
DesirucHve Distillation. A process whereby organic
bodies, being subjected to a high temperature,
air being excluded, lose their original form, and
yield new products.
Strictly this term implies the process
Digestion.
of dissolving a medicinal substance in a menstruum by the aid of sustained heat for a variable
time, at a temperature a little below the boiling
point. It is, however, frequently used as synony-
mous with
infusion
and
maceration.
The process
of separating volatile
from fixed ingredients in solution. The liquid is
heated to a sufficient temperature to produce
vapour, and this is then condensed by means
of cold in another part of the apparatus.
Elutriation.
The process by which powders of
different degrees of fineness are separated from
each other. They are suspended and carefully
diffused through water, the whole being allowed
to stand for different intervals, the fluid being
decanted after each interval. The heaviest par-
Distillation.
28
MATERIA MEDICA.
Evaporation.
The conversion of fluid into vapour
by raising tlie temperature to various degrees,
as may be required in different instances.
and Straini?ig.
The separation of solid
particles from the fluids in which they are suspended. Straining is conducted rapidly, and is
imperfect.
Filtering is practised through various media according to circumstances (paper,
Filtration
Lixiviation.
of the soluble
substances.
It is
lation.
Maceration.
previously dissolved, either as crystals, amorphous powder, or magma. Usually the precipitate is thrown dou'n.
Pharmaceutically this signifies that a
Saturation.
liquid has dissolved as much of a solid substance
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
29-
5.
MATERIA MEDICA.
30
A. Agents used
as
c.
Vesicants or Epispastics,
in some
tion leading to a pustular eruption,
characteristic.
and
peculiar
quite
cases
vogue, and
Count er-irrita?it is a term much in
It really
one that is often used very inaccurately.
(
3I
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
mous with
counter-irritant.
congestion in some
part of the body, intended to relieve a morbid congestion in some other more or less distant part).
development of an
3.
artificial
Emollients
of mucilaginous or
gummy
solutions in water.
Protectives.
These include applications
intended to cover a surface in such a way that it
shall be protected against the injurious action of
air and other sources of irritation.
Agents used for the purpose
5. Detergents.
4.
7. Local Refrigerants.
Agents which cool
a surface or part to which they are directly applied,
some of them being capable of producing marked
coldness.
MATERIA MEDICA.
32
B.
1. Antacids.
The members of this group
neutralize acids, and several of them, when their
effects are carried beyond a certain point, become
alkalizers.
They are divided into direct and remote,
according- as they act by immediate contact, or
after absorption into the system, affecting- the blood
and secretions. Some antacids act in both ways.
Acids. The numerous acids are used
2.
therapeutically for a variety of purposes, but they
may be grouped together on account of their
action as acids, in contra-distinction to the preceding group, by virtue of which they neutralize
alkalinity from any cause, and may even produce
or increase acidity in certain fluids, especially the
urine.
cise
Astringents.
definition
It
of this
precipitate them from alkaline solutions; to constrict the blood-vessels; to diminish secretions and
morbid discharges; and to dry up surfaces.
are asarresting
of
purpose
special
tringents used for the
hfemorrhage, whether local or remote.
4.
Diluents.
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
and making- them more watery. By washing- away
in the excretions various waste or morbid products,
they become depicrant.
")
{Refrigerants.
Febrifuges.
I A large number of
Anti- or Apyretics.J
remedies are employed for the purpose of allaying various degrees of fever or pyrexia.
For
practical purposes they may be ranged under
the three divisions given above, which have resspectively the following significations:
a. Refrigeratils
c.
of
when
it
fncludes modes of
or reduce the sys:tem, relieving plethora, causing
general depression, and often leading to loss
of weio-ht
treatment mtended
to deplete
/"^'^'j,^'
affections.
It
is
at pres'ent
dni?f
doubtfuli"'where this group
should be placed, but
provisionally it may be noticed
in this conneclion.
5.
word stimtdant
tfmulat/" '^'"r'
^Z^Tshmulanl
r^'T acts
difftmble
f functions.
so rapidly and vigorously
li
MATERIA MEDICA.
34
The
term
ionic is
system,
organ,
structure,
or part,
thus tending
tonic.
In
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
D. Agents used in connection with
Systems or Organs.
I.
particular
Cerebral Sedatives
2.
The
term
sedative
has
and
and
cerebral sedative
restlessness,
serenity.
4. Narcotics.-These
effect upon the cerebral
MATERIA MEDICA.
36
culminating- in narcotism or
They are
;
pecially
6.
when
locally applied.
anaes-
or
thetic is something which completely annuls
subimportant
an
is
There
destroys sensation.
and
division of the group, however, into general
local,
tion-hence named
Telanizers.
taneous hyperesthesia
is
in tetanic
More
Sedatives Depresso-Motors.
Spinal
8
or depressant
These agents produce a sedative
irritability
reflex
cord,
spinal
effect upon the
abolished, accombeing impaired and finally
in
terminating
nanied with muscular weakness,
to undue
tendency
any
subdue
They
paralysis.
excitability of the cord.
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
37
thus
named
nutrient effect
11.
upon nerve-structures.
its
comprehensive
Antispasmodics. In
and proper
II.
The Eye.
Members of some of the groups already considered are frequently applied in connection
with
the eyes, but there are certain
special effects
I.
Mydriatics,
aestroy the
power
accommodating
vision
to
MATERIA MEDICA.
38
near
objects,
owing- to
paralysis
of the
ciliary
muscle.
loss of
III.
will
<^ether,
sidered
1.
in the
following order
Sialagogues. These
are
agents
which
buccal
cause an increased flow of saliva
prothey
degree,
mucus carried beyond a certain
ptyalism.
duce more or less salivation or
salivary
2. Anti-sialics. These diminish the
of the
dryness
cause
and buccal secretions, and
and
mouth.
3.
named
thus
stomach and
act
intes-
mtestmes
expulsion of gas being thus helped. The
normal
their
are acted upon in a similar way,
increased.
peristaltic movements being
These
Gastric or Stomachic Sedatives.
the
of
irritability
allav pain or any abnormal
nausea
to
leads
which
stomach, especially that form
4
and vomiting,
or control
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
undue muscular
39
excitability,
of the
driven out
properly accomplished.
5.
Gastric
ag-ents thus
is
is
the muscular tone of the stomach, thus aiding dig-estion, and acting indirectly as general tonics.
6.
may
Peptogens Anti-peptogens.
be applied
to
These terms
remedies which respectively in-
They are
8. Digestants.
This is a class of agents intended to supply the place of the normal secretions
which take part in the digestion of food, when
these are absent or deficient, as well as under
MATERIA MEDICA.
40
a.
b.
c.
which
are
powerful
purgatives,
d.
e.
less
watery stools.
which occasion a more or
/. Cholagogue,
copious discharge of
bile,
less
giving rise to
bilious stools.
Intestinal Sedatives. These are antagonto purgatives, tending to subdue the action of
10.
istic
the bowels, and to restrain any abnormal irritaThey are often used in combination with
astringents, to check diarrhoea.
bility.
its association
may be apcholagogue
with purgatives, the term
flow of bile.
the
increase
which
plied to all agents
11.
h.
namely:
promote the secretion
sub-divisions,
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
12.
Anthelmintics.
purpose of
for the
Vermicides,
These are
remedies used
into
41
worms.
which
kill
worms.
b.
Vermifuges,
the
stances.
3.
Pulmonary Sedatives
or
Depressants
The remedies
MATERIA MEDICA.
42
by
and more
liquid secretion
and
(5) siitnulani,
which
V. Vesicular System.
The
is
may be
recognised.
become marked
cardiac depressants,
and ultimately
in diastole.
action of the
cardiac
ionic
usually signifies a drug which exercises a controlling influence upon the heart when it is acting
inefficiently, and rendering its beats much more
powerful and usually much slower. The diastole
ventricles fill properly; the
is prolonged, so that the
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
43
is more energetic and effectual, the venthus thoroughly emptied; and arterial
being
;tricles
To the remedies thus defined I
;tension is raised.
:think the term cardiac regulators may be conveniThere is another class of cardiac
ently applied.
tonics, in which the nutrition of the muscular wall
of the heart is gradually improved, and thus its
action is permanently benefited.
systole
4.
Vascular StimulantsVaso-Dilators.
may be made to include all substances
This group
dilate the peripheral vessels, and thus increase the rapidity of the circulation through them.
There are certain remedies which do this with
remarkable cjuickness and energy over the whole
body, and these might be specially termed vasodilators.
Vascular stimulants may be general or
local in the extent of their action, and this sub-
which
division
5.
is
important
Vascular
in practice.
Sedatives
These contract
Vaso-Contrao-
MATERIA MEDICA.
44
employed
to
affect
From a
this
itself
pecially
when
it is
excessive.
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
45
micturition.
6,
Vesical
Stimulants
and
Tonics.
The
Generative System.
VIII.
Aphrodisiacs
and
in-
Anaphrodisiacs
act in the opposite direcdiminishing sexual desire and power, and they
may ultimately cause impotence.
The members of this
3. Emmenagogues.
group promote the menstrual flow, if deficient,
irregular, or suppressed from any cause, whether
or not attended with pain.
4. Anti-emmenagogues.
This term may be
applied to remedies which check the menstrual
flow when it is excessive, either in frequency or
amount.
2.
tion,
MATERIA MEDICA.
46
Anti-galactagogues.
6. Galactagogues
These terms may be respectively applied to ag-ents
which increase or diminish the secretion of milk.
IX.
Special Groups.
There are a few groups which cannot be conveniently classed under any of the foregoing- divisions, and they may be brought together here.
1.
living parasites
tht;
do
germs.
are agents which destroy
4. Disinfectants
the spread of infectiou
prevent
infection, and
upon the specific poisoivaction
diseases, by some
originated, and by
severally
are
by which these
one individual to
from
conveyed
which they are
another.
especially
brouo-ht into direct contact with them,
THERAPEUTIC GROUPS.
in
the
in
47
body.
6.
physiological
MATERIA MEDICA.
48
Section
II.
II.
III.
following order:
Water.
Carlo Carbon or
Aqua
Charcoal,
Sulphur Group.
V.
Iodine
and certain
Iodides.
some
'\.
IX.
exceptions).
Ammonium.
2.
Potassium.
3.
Sodium.
\.
Lithium.
Alkalies
INORGANIC KINGDOM.
Aluminium.
'\.
X.
Alkaline 2. Calcium.
Earths
Mag-nesium.
Cerium.
3.
,4.
Antimonium
1.
3.
Bismuth.
Copper.
Ferrum Iron.
Hydrargyrum Mercury.
Bismuthum
4.
Ordinary
j 5.
Metals \ 6.
Cuprum
7.
Manganesium Manganese.
Plumbum Lead.
Zincum Zinc.
8.
9.
\,io.
1.
XII.
Special
^.
Antimony.
Arsenicum Arsenic.
Arg-entum Silver.
2.
XI.
49
Hydrocyanic Acid.
Alcohol Group.
Ether Group.
Chloroform.
Iodoform.
luuuiorm.
Nitro-Glycerine Tablets.
Carbolic Acid and Creosote.
^11. Paraffin,
hard and
soft.
The
has^o
may help
it
in particular
xplana!o"l
cases;
.T^U
and
tl
me course
cotZ\^
of procedure
advantageously adopt
longing to the several
Hivki^
^'"Z""^
division IS
first
one
the nature
;
it
^^'"^
be varLd
to
make
the' outseT
an
P^^"'
indicating
which the student mav
in learning 'the
groups.
be-
and
mo?e than
chemical composition
oThe more
E
MATERIA MEDICA.
Thus a com-
them
mode of preparaUonoi
drugs, and of what
the simple or "elementary"
are
compounds
may be termed their "primary
or
compounds
"
secondary
then considered; the
later
discussed
rule
%a:Tprcparaiions being as a
the facts
In some instances
Pharmacy.
2.
The
(a)
Lr..,and
{b)
on under
each compound have to
under this head relating to
others they can be conbe learnt separately, but in
groups.
or less in
veniently discussed more
preparation of the differIn describing the mode of
endeavoured to bring out proent (Iru-s I have
the
the several parts of
mi^nently and distinctly
one with-
complicated
it is at all a
have
1
into detai s.
unnecessarily
nnt enterino,,rea,enU^
e
XTndii.ed .he proporUons
proces
fwhen
h&
endeavo'Lr'clearly
but he shouW
'd-ecXositSarfrer^i-n. aUhough
cular drugs,
hey may u
ta
not con-:
c,
INORGANIC KINGDOM.
By
b.
or diluted.
c. By dissolving- oxides or salts, especially carbonates, in acids, and thus neutralizing- or decom-
posing them.
'the
By more
h.
changes
to
which
nt,
MATERIA MEDICA.
52
The
objects for
some
instances
special tests.
further important to dis-
its
it is
In
of the
tinguish between different oxides and salts
mercury.
and
same metal, as in the case of iron
pharmaceutical processes,
I. In the course of certain
properly completed,
to ascertain whether they are
soluble
Thus in washing precipitates to remove a
when
determine
to
salt the washings are tested
c To detect
in preparationr
resulting from the materials used
or intentionaj
accidental
employed,
the vessels
decomposition.
admixture, or
o\ a drug, so a
d For the quantitative estiination
of proper compositioi
to determine whether it is
ought
^"ThTstudent's knowledge of chemistry
make him
by which
described
apply
is to
principal test
quite familiar with the
a.
recognised,
are
the various drugs
d.
to
has
he
that
in the B.P., and all
this
knowledge
in
each case,
in relatio
oxide,
non^ metallic elements,
I have therefo
preparations.
alts, and special
omitting any reference
felt justified in entirely
given of the ditterer
these tests in the account
"petals
to
acids
'
drui
Sthe
once for a
but it must be understood,
required to mar
student might be fairly
Materj
an examination on
alluded
rule
Further, I have not as a
Medica.
processe bo
pharmaceutical
to
tests ?n relation
apply the same knowledge
cau e the student cin
tion
these
tests
in
INORGANIC KINGDOM.
ere
for instance,
53
salt," the
)mpletion of this process being determined by
(Sting- the
washings for the salt in question,
foreover, with regard to impurities and adultera-
ite
is
Dns, I
have deemed
sufficient to
it
mention these,
ately.
The
considerable import-
a.
The
solubility of a
drug
in
water or other
jnstrua.
'I.
2.
3.
Waier
4.
'Fixed impurities or
adult eralions
;Silica,
Lime,
Alumina,
etc.
Not
volatilized
by heat. Spe-
MATERIA MEDICA.
54
Odour.
Chlorine
c.
d.
J
I
free
Arsenic
e.
is
cial tests.
Special
f. Antimony
tests.
precipitated
Metals Discoloured or
tests
special
and
by HaS
Copper,
Certain
Lead,
Iron, etc.
for each.
Lime
oxalate of
(I.
i.
Carlonates
J 2'.
.
solution of lime.
'\
Acid
Hydrochloric
ammonium.
insoluble:
nitrate of silver,
in.f
nitric acid, soluble
in
and Chlorides
excess of ammonia.
Nitric
Nitrates
and]
-j
^j^j^
protosulphate of
^nd sulphuric
acid.
jWhite precipitate
Oxalic Acid
iron:
withi
sulphate of Hme.
in.
iron)
precipitate
is
thrown downi
INORGANIC KINGDOM.
55
Sulphtcmis Acid
.<
subacetate of lead.
from
iodine
Liberates
iodate of potash in acetic
acid, which colours starch
blue.
0.
Sulphuric
Stilphates
.{
described.
These
will
be separately enume-
With
belonging
useful to
to
MATERIA MEDICA.
56
I,
AQUAWATER = HoO.
Simple water
forms, namely
is
Aqua
Destillaia
Disiilled
water.
Distil
ten
connected with
gallons of water from a copper
half gallon
first
the
a block-tin worm; reject
and
impurities),
volatile
the
(which carries over
gallons.
eight
preserve the next
Tests. The purity of distilled water is tested as
still
follows
In dispensing prescriptions,
to mean distilled water.
should be understood
AQUA
Its
WATER.
purity,
b.
That
it
dissolves
57
water are:
a.
Its
decomposition.
may be
used
for
diluent.
Tepid water
is
an emetic.
MATERIA MEDICA.
58
II.
3.
Animalis
Carbo
Purificatus Purified
aJiimal
of air.
2. C. Animalis. The
air.
Hydrochloric acid,
bone-black,
in
powder, I
i6,
made
thus
A^ioK^^
^dd
stirring occasion-
CARBO
CHARCOAL.
it
59
to redness in
powder
C.
it
was
a greyish-black, coarse
Purificatus, a fine black
is
Animalis
powder.
3.
becomes
inert,
but
its
absorbent action
is
restored
Pharmacy. -
Officinal Preparalion
Cataplasma
Carbonis.
poultice made with
boiling water, crumb of bread, linseed meal, and
wood charcoal, which is half mixed, and half
sprinkled over the surface of the poultice.
2. Purified animal charcoal is much used in pharmacy as a decolorizing agent in the preparation
of alkaloids, &c. Wood chatcoal is employed in pre-
6o
MATERIA MEDICA.
6i
SULPHUR.
III.
SULPHUR GROUP.
General Summary. It
will
be convenient
to
con-
sider in this group not only sulphur, but also certain unstable compounds of this element, which
are employed for similar or allied therapeutic
effects, according- to the following plan
Sulphur Brimslone.
1
Solu2. Aciduvi Sulphuro sum Sulphurous Acid.
tion of sulphurous anhydride gas, SO,, in water
6-4 per cent, of real sul5 per cent, by weight
:
phurous
3.
acid,
H2SO3.
Sodii Sulphis
Sulphile of Sodium =
Na2S03,7H,0.
dix).
b.
Calx Sulphurata
Sulphurated Lime.
mix-
A.
Sulphur
Brimstone = S.
The forms
MATERIA MEDICA.
62
Sulphur Pmcipitatum
2.
Sulphur.
3.
Officinal Prepara- \ a.
Hons
Confectio Sulphuris.
Unguentum Sulphuris.
\
Source and Preparation
Prepared from crude or
\. Stdphur Suhlimatum.
rough sulphur by sublimation.
Obtained by a compli2. Sulphur PrcBcipiiaium.
b.
C Sublimed sulphur, ^
BoiK Slaked lime, | 3
and
(filter.
and 0|
3 Ca2H0 + 6S3 = 2CaS5 + CaS,03 + 3 H,0
1^
Water,
successively Oj.
Oij,
moulds.
They do
6".
Prcucipilaium
grittiness.
is
SULPHUR.
4.
63
They are
Pharmacy.
Confecilo
a.
Sulphuris.
Dose
srr.
60
Officinal Preparations
Sublimed sulphur, 4
Acid tartrate of potassium,
well
Syrup of orange-peel, 4
Mix
to 120.
U7iguentum
d.
Sulphuris.
,Tragacanth, J^.
j^j^
'
Sublimed sulphur
2.
Sublimed Sulphur, I
jBenzoated Lard, 4.
f
is
used
in
the preparation
of:
Acid Sulphuricum
Antimonium Sulphuratum
Potassa Sulphurata
Sulphuris lodidum.
also an ingredient
It is
in
Emplastrum Hydrargyri
Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro
Pulvis Glycirrhizfe Compositus.
it is used as a means of facilitating the subdivision of the mercury).
Action. Sulphur when burnt in the air forms
SO. gas, and is thus a powerful antiseptic, disinfectant, and deodorant.
Employed in this
manner also, or directly applied to the skin, it is
a parasiticide, especially for the itch-insect and
MATERIA MEDICA.
64
B. ACIDUM
SULPHUROSUM
Acid
SuLPHUROUS
= H^SOj.
receiver.
Sulphurous acid
1.
gr.
is
"025.
2. It
3.
4.
which
added, showing absence of sulphuric acid,
forms by long keeping.
Quantitative Test. 64 grains mixed with one
distilled water
pint of recently boiled and cooled
not acquire a
do
starch,
of
and a little mucilage
_
SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN.
65
Vol. sohilion of
grain-measures of the latter have
been added.
Action. Sulphurous acid is a valuable antiseptic and disinfectant ; it is also anti-parasitic, especially as regards vegetable organisms,
and arrests fermentation in the stomach.
Zioj-f fl3 1 to I.
C. SoDir SuLPHis
Sulphite of Sodtum
Na,S03, 7H.O.
Source
action
sodium
and
of
Preparation.
Obtained by the
sulphurous acid on carbonate of
or on caustic soda.
Character and Tests
1. Sulphite of sodium is in monoclinic
prismscolourless and transparent.
:
'
2.
The
The
salt is inodorous
with a cooling* saline
.and sulphurous taste.
4- It is readily soluble in water, and very soluble
3.
in spirit.
5-
The aqueous
.ul^^,''^''''^'""'
'With HCl.
a sulphurous odour
D. Sulphuretted Hydrogen
and
Sulphides.
I.
Sulphurelied Hydrogen
wX/"^
'''''^''^^-Stdphuretlcd
MATERIA MEDICA.
66
Sulphydraie of At7imotiium
This
NH^HS.
ammonia
ammonia
saturation
to
;
and
adding
preserving
in
solution of
a green-glass
stoppered bottle.
o
Sulphurated LmeStdphide
3. Calx Stdphuraia
mixture containing not less than 50
of Calcium.
per cent, of sulphide of calcium (CaS).
Source and Preparation
Sulphate of calcium, 7
1. Mix thoroughly J
,
[Wood
charcoal, i.
crucible until
earthen
an
2. Heat to redness
disappeared.
the black colour has
once place the whitish residue
3. Cool, and at
bottle.
in a stoppered
with a
Characters. A nearly white powder
sulphuretted
smell somewhat resembling that of
in fine
powder
in
Potash-Hepar
^^^A^'Fo^assa Sulphurata- Sulphurated
is of unsalt
Sulphuris-Liver of Sulphur. .This
ot potaschiefly
certain composition, but consists
hyposulphite,
some
K,S3, with
sium sulphide
a.
Mix together
Carbonate of potassium, 2
g^ljlijjjed sulphur,
i,
POTASSA SULPHURATA.
and heat in a crucible, first gradually until effervescence ceases, and then to dull redness until they
are perfectly fused.
stoppered
bottle.
brittle
2.
It
fragments.
is greenish
when
when moistened.
It is alkaline
and has an acrid taste.
Sulphurated potash is readily soluble in water
:formmg a yellow solution, with the smell of
H,s'
which is evolved freely when excess of
HCl'is
dropped into it, sulphur being deposited.
About
SO per cent, is soluble in rectified spirit.
4-
5.
Pharmacy. (9^>za/
Preparation
Hard
paraffin,
Soft paraffin,
^1
J|.
the
sul-
phurated
potash
m a mortar, and
gradually add the
melted mixture of
the paraffins, rubbing together until the ointment is
perfectly smooth.
F2
MATERIA MEDICA.
68
Action.Used
and
are supposed to be cutaneous stimulants
Sulirritants.
sudorifics, and may become
phurated potash is only employed as an ointment.
exInternally they are purgative, diaphoretic,
in the form
especially
alterative,
pectorant, and
calsulphuretted mineral waters. Sulphide of
of
in
believed to have a remarkable effect
suppuration.
checking
preventing or
to I.
DoseOi Calx Sulphurata, gr.
cium
is
E.
Hyposulphite of Sodium.
acid, this
compound
is
only
the B.t^.,_ as a
recoo-nised in the Appendix
24-8 grains in
containing
volumetric lesl-soluliojt,
for the purpose ot
1000 grain-measures of water,
also of indirectly
estimating tree iodine, and thus
in certain comchlorine
of
amount
determining the
of
pounds.
IV.
6q
General Summary.
In
this
group may be
in-
2. Calx Chlorinaia
-Chlorinaled lime.
This may
be regarded as consisting chiefly of a compound
of hypochlorite and chloride of calcium (CaCljO^,
CaClj), or as a direct compound of chlorine and
(CaOCK)
lime
A.
Liquor Chlori
Solution
of
Chlorine.
Source and Preparation. By heating
P-entlv
hydrochloric acid, J 6, black oxide Sf
manganese, m fine powder,
and water, fl?2^
passmg the liberated chlorine gas through
water in
a small phial
and receiving it into a large bottle
containing water, flj30; which
is disconnected
when the chlorine ceases to be developed,
and
shaken till all the gas is absorbed.
Keep in a
fl
i,
4HCl-fMnO, = MnCU+2H,0-fCL
MATERIA MEDICA.
70
a yellowish- green
Solution of chlorine
liquid; sp. gr. 1-003.
,
ana
2. It has a strong odour of chlorine; acrid
air-passages.
the
very irritating to
evaporation.
3. It leaves no residue on
immediately disbleacher,
powerful
a
4. It is
of sulphate
solution
dilute
a
of
colour
the
charging
deodorant,
and
disinfectant
is
also
and
of indigo
compounds.
replacing hydrogen in many organic
decomposed in the
5. The solution is readily
light, forming HCl and O.
ot
Quantitative Test. 20 grains of iodide
added
and
potassium, dissolved in fl^ I of water,
is
1.
mixed
to fl?
of Vol. solution
B.
Lime.
product obtained
Source and Preparation. A
spread out in a
by exposing slaked lime, loosely
chlorine gas, as
vessel, to the action of
pj-ope^-
absorbed.
Characters and Properties:
powder, with
Chlorinated lime is a dull white
long as
it is
I.
soluUon
partly soluble in water. The
of
addition
the
upon
evolves chlorine copiously
calcium
oxalate
oxalic acid, and deposits
and other proper
bleaching
the
possesses
3 It
2
It
is
ge"d
wUh
,5
LIQUOR SOD^ CHLORINATE.
71
with
measures of
Pharmacy.
a.
Vol. soluiiofi
of hyposulphite of sodium.
Officifial
Preparalions
^hWinated
lime,
i|
a mortar j
10 J
( Distilled water,
and shake well tog-ether several times in a stoppered
bottle for three hours.
Filter through calico
and
preserve the solution in a stoppered bottle.
clear solution
sp.gr. r055.
The quantitative test described above shows that
it contains at least about 2 per cent, of available
chlorine, and it may yield about 3 per cent.
b.
Vapor Chlori.
This is simply made by moistening chlorinated lime with water in a suitable
apparatus, and inhaling the vapour.
The gas may
also be allowed to pass into the atmosphere for
disinfecting purposes.
2. Chlorinated lime is used in the preparation of
chloroform.
Triturate
in
'
C.
Dissolve
(
2.
Water, O
Thoroughly
triturate
3.
r
(.
sodium, ^24
2.
Water, O 6
again
/filter.
filter.
Keep
This
2.
It is
3-
It
is
and
alkaline in reaction.
astringent taste.
and an
MATERIA MEDICA.
72
4.
It
5. It
little or no COj.
added to
Quantitative Test 70 grains
=
gr.
20
potassium
of
f Iodide
1
acidulated
fl24
\Water
i
with fl 3 2 of HCl, the mixture assumes a brown
colour, requiring for its discharge at least 500
and
o-rain-measures of
Vol.
solution
sodium.
Preparation
Pharmacy. Officinal
of
hyposiilphile
of
alterative and
^^"nlm-Ol Liquor
rinatse,
mio
to 20.
V,
73
compounds.
employed on account
tain
'a.
Officinal Preparations
b.
containing freel c.
Iodine
.
d.
[:
/.
3.
Linimentum lodi.
Liquor lodi.
Tinctura lodi.
Unguentum
Vapor lodi.
lodi.
5.
Hydrargyri lodidiim
Mercury = H g I ^
a.
6.
Rub rum
Unguentum Hydrargyri
Plumbi lodidum
Red
Iodide
lodidi Rubri.
7.
8.
a.
Unguentum Sulphuris
lodidi.
of
MATERIA MEDICA.
74
A. loDUM
Iodine.
I.
escape
gases
formed
and sulphate of sodium, mixed with sul-
is
4.
and
is
is
is
then heated.
condensed
added
The
to the
iodine
in receivers.
tirely,
in
vapour.
5.
It
is
in
water, but
is
and by a
Tests and
with starch.
of iodine gives a deep-blue colour
IODINE.
2.
Its
a.
d.
75
Water
pungent odour.
Fixed impurities or adulterations (charcoal,
plumbago, iron, black oxide of manganThese remain after sublimation.
ese, &c.).
Quantitative
test.
lOOO grain-measures of Vol.
3.
solution of hyposulphite of sodium are required for the
complete decoloration of I2"7 grains of iodine,
dissolved in fl^ i of water with 15 grains of iodide
emitting- a
c.
of potassium.
Pharmacy.
Liquid Preparatiotis.
There are three liquid preparations
of iodine, in all of
which iodide of
potassium is present to aid solution.
It
will
be
a.
Lijiimentum Jodi= I in g.
Iodine, 5
Iodide of potassium, 2
Glycerine, I
Rectified spirit, 40.
Intense blood colour.
b.
Liqtcor
their
strength.
are all
Deep blood
They
made by
c.
the ingredients in
the several menstrua.
Unsuentum
Iodi=^ in 100.
Iodine, gr. 22
Iodide of potassium, gr. 33
Distilled water
fl^ i.
relative
merely dissolving
d.
colour.
Tinctura Iodi=
Iodine, ^ 1
in 40.
Iodide of potassium, ^ \
Rectified spirit, Oj.
Intense brown-red.
lodi.
Iodine, gr. 32
Iodide of potassium, gr. 32
Glycerine, fl 3 i
Prepared
Officinal Preparations
l.
lard, 1 2.
gredients with
-
the glycerine,
MATERIA MEDICA.
76
e.
lodi.
r
OF
lODIDE
loDIDUM
Potassium. KI.
POTASSII
B.
brown
tint.
Evaporate
When
to
dryness
in
water,
cool, dissolve in boiling distilled
O2
filter
aside to crystallise.
quickly
c
Drain the crystals, and dry them
,
warm
place.
More
crystals
may
^
a
be obtained from
.
a stoppered bottle.
the mother
process a mixture ot
(In the first stage of the
iodide and iodate is formed:
liquor.
Keep
in
IODIDE OF POTASSIUM.
77
in spirit.
3. It should be neutral, but has commonly a
feeble alkaline reaction.
4. The taste is saline, acrid, and bitterish.
solution mixed with mucilage of starch,
5.
gives a blue colour on the addition of a minute
quantity of solution of chlorine.
It yields the other
tests of iodine and potassium.
Impurities.
The chief of these are iodate, chloride, and carbonates.
When iodate is present, it
is liable to be decomposed, the iodide developing
the colour and odour of free iodine; it also tends
to disagree with the stomach, owing to its liberation by the acid of the gastric juice.
It is detected
by giving a blue colour in solution with tartaric
acid and mucilage of starch.
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparations
Mix briskly
in
until cold
A cream-like
product.
then
Oil of lemon,
f!
i.
MATERIA MEDICA.
78
h.
Iodide of potassium,_gr. 64
Carbonate of potassium, gr. 4^
Water, fl 3
Benzoated
^^^^
^nd
mix
lard, ^
i.
tho-
with
roughly
the lard.
guentum
lodi.
Incompalibles.
SoDii
C.
loDiDUM Iodide
Nal.
of,
Sodium.
used
in
der.
2. It
3.
4.
5!
6*
It is
The
The
is
,.
deliquescent.
is
saline
and somewhat
spirit.
bitter.
require for
Quantitative TssT.-Ten grains
gram-measures
complete precipitation, about 660
silver.
of Vol. solution of iiiirate of
IODIDE OF SULPHUR.
D.
SULPHURIS loDIDUM
Sulphur. SI.
Rub
1.
to- r
gether t
79
loDIDL, OF
Iodine, 4
")
Sublimed sulphur,
^"
^ ^'^^^
cuticle
when applied
to
it.
It is
cerine
(i in
main.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
gether
^
free
until
from
cold
grittiness.
and
8o
MATERIA MEDICA.
Action of Iodine and Iodides.
is
It
is
also used
serous
iniodides
the
of
membranes.
for
used
mainly
are
application
local
for
tended
their alterative effects, but they may also be more
or less irritating. The iodide of sulphur is merely
employed as an external application.
to
3. As an inhalation iodine vapour is irritant
for
its
direct
effects
The preparations
septic.
for
syphilis),
vascular
depressant,
8i
MATERIA MEDICA.
82
VI.
General Summary. In
are included
1. Broviim
2. Amvionii
this
group the
following-
Bromine, Br.
NH Br
Bromidim Bromide
of
Ammonium,
3''
p'oiassu
4.
Sodii
A.
Bromum
Bromine.
Br.
merely
and PREPARATioN.-The B.P.
sea-water,
"obtamedfrom
states that bromine is
Without en enn^
and from some saline springs."
the
Source
by
acid.
sulphuric
and
manganese
:
Properties
and
Characters
brownish-red
Bromine is a dark
t
composing
2
the
It
this salt
liquid.
red vapours at
and it boils at from,
commr^^^^^
off
odour and!
a strong and disagreeable
extremely irritating to the.
the vapour being
'^f?thl{
taste
respiratory mucous
membrane.
and ether.
soluble in alcohol
BROMIDES.
83
Action. Bromine is a caustic and disinfectant^ but is practically never used therapeutically.
B. Bromides.
The officinal bromides enumerated in the summary may be conveniently considered together.
Source and Preparation. i. Bromide of ammomay be formed by neutralizing- hydrobromic acid with ammonia, evaporating, and
nium
crystallising.
2,
The
by a similar process
'
Bromine,
^ 4, or a sufficiency
charcoal, | 2
Boiling distilling water. Oil.
Wood
}. All the bromides are in crystals, those of bromide of potassium being of good
size and cubical:
but bromide of sodium
appears as agranular powaer, consisting of small
monoclinic crystals.
2.
They are
G2
MATERIA MEDICA.
84
They are
3.
much
less
soluble in spirit.
4.
said
saline taste, or that of bromide of sodium is
to be simply saline.
be sublimed un5. Bromide of ammonium may
somewhat deliis
sodium
of
Bromide
changed.
quescent.
The
6.
OuANTiTATivE Tests
Grain-measures of Vol.
Solution of Nitrate
of Silver.
of \S08-S
of solution of yellow chromate
to
Si4"S
added, re-
Bromide of Potassiuvi.T&T\\
grains require for complete de-J
composition
2.
838 to 850
>
1.
Broviide
o-rains of the
of Sodium.
dry salt require
^^out 960
.
Action of Bromides.
T
As
applications
local
bromides are
and they deaden,
the
us'ed aranodynes ;
of the throat and larynx.
sensibility
the
bromides are chiefly
sometfmes
em-nervous andl
ffects upon the
^f^l^^ l
P^^'
cerebral sedatives,
l.r svstems being
sedatives and depressants,
2 Internally
2.
the
IJyTnot^sf^pinal
BROMIDES.
and antispasmodics.
85
pulmonary
Doses
,
-
MATERIA MEDICA.
86
AND
PHOSPHORUS
VII.
HYPOPHOS-
PHITES.
group are included :
phosphoratum.
Oleum
General Summary. In
f a.
1.
Phosphorus.
this
2.
phosphori.
Calcium,
Calcii HypophosphisHypophosphile of
3.
Sodium,
Sodvi HypophosphisHypophosphite of
^_ pj1j_,i^
NaPH.O,.
I.
Phosphorus.
P.
and
acid
sulphuric
by digesting it with dilute
heating
solution
the
filtering and evaporating
pho
subhmed
the
collecting
ash
with charcoal;
water puriphorusin a receiver containing cold
shaking with
and
water,
fying it by melting under
potash and sulphuric
a mfxture of bichromate of
melting and casting into moulds.
arid
'
ocCha^acterI and PaoPERTiES.-Phosphorus the
but
allotropic form,
curs in an ordinary and an
...
officinal.
fnrmpr
is alone
^"'
flexible, wax-like
and
soft
a
is
phosphorus
bp. gr. i 77sticks or moulds,
<;nlid usually in
semi-transparent
and
2 IMS almost colourless
opaque and white,
become
to
tends
but
when fresh,
o^^^ation^
surface, f-?"^
or reddish on the
emits white
in the dark, and
luminous
,
It is
air.
the
vapours when exposed to
;
PHOSPHORUS.
87
it is
spirit.
5.
It
ig-niting- in
its
MATERIA MEDICA.
88
II.
a crystalline
in small crystals,
It
of the salt.
III.
by adding
Source anu Preparation. Obtained
hypophosof
solution
to
carbonate of sodium
precipitate of carphite of calcium as long as a
then tenng the
formed,
is
bonate of calcium
heat
it to dryness by the
evaporating
and
solution
it constantly stirred
a steam-bath, keeping
when the salt begins to solidify.
of
8Q
is
a white granular
salt.
go
MATERIA MEDICA.
VIII.
THE OFFICINAL
ACIDS.
General Summary.
are recognised
but some thus
in tiie B. P. as distinct
of anhydrous NaO^.
Conceniratuin = Y{^0^ with
3. A. Phosphoricum
water.
of
cent,
33-7 per
strong acid,
4. A. SulphuriciimOil of Vitriol.
H2SO4.
of
cent,
per
about
containing
98
Dtluium=\TAAV^^
HNO3.
A. Nilrictim
nitric acid,
cent,
of real
OFFICINAL ACIDS.
Diluium.
Contains
hydrochloric, nitric, and nitrous
acids, and other compounds, dissolved in water.
solution of H3PO4
5. A. Phosphorician Diluiuvi.
4.
free
J.
Nitro-hydrochloricum
ciilorine,
= 13-8
water
form of dilute
7. A. Sidphuricuvi Aromaticum.
sulphuric acid
12-5 per cent, of H3SO4, or 37'5
Sulphur Group).
C. Inorganic Solid. Acids.
1. A. Arseniosum.
Arsenic).
2. A. Boricum.
3. A. Chromicum.
A. Aceiicim
Concentrated
acetic
99 per cent, of real acetic
Glaciale.
HCHjO^
a;-?,']
4.
5.
6.
H.C^H^Oe.
A
MATERIA MEDICA.
92
=
=
HC7H5O2.
crystalline acid
A. Benzoicum.
HCgH-O.
A. CarboHcum. A crystalline acid
CarboHcum Liquefaclum. Carbolic acid
3. A.
liquefied by the addition of lO per cent, of water.
A crystalline acid
4. A. Gallicum.
1
2.
HjCjHjOjjHjO.
Dilulum
gas in water
A. Hydrocya?iiciim
5.
solution of
weight.
6. A.
HCN
Pncssic
=2
acid.
per cent, by
= H3C,H07.
acid
Meconic
A. Meconicum
acid = HC18H33O2.
fatty
A
9. A. Oleicum.
acid =
crystalline
A
Salicylicum.
A.
HC,H503.
A. Tannicum. A solid acid = CjjH^jOi,.
Laclicum.
7.
in
3 fluid
pint.
8.
fluid
10.
i\.
As already
just
stated,
many
of the preparations
other parts of this work several of them, ho\ymay now be finally disposed of, but it will
not be practicable to adhere strictly to the preceding classification. Some of the acids may be considered in groups, according to their action; others
must be dealt with individually.
in
ever,
The
acids
commonly recognised
in
this
group
Source and
Without describing the
details given
the
it
STRONG MINERAL ACIDS.
93
prepared by the
sulphuric acid, diluted with water,
upon chloride of sodium in a glass flask, aided
by heat. The gas is passed through a wash-bottle
to remove all traces of H^SO^, and then into a
will suffice to state that this acid is
action of
MATERIA MEDICA.
94
Neutralizing power
6.
measures of
NaHO.
7.
little
Vol. sol.
tain
sulphurous acid.
Hydrochloric acid; sulphuric acid.
Sulphate of lead arsenic nitric
Sulphuric.
arsenic
b.
Nitric.
c.
acid.
in
(Unguentum Hydrargyri
Nitratis.
made
i. The simple dilute acids are
Preparation.
strong
the
to
water
distilled
by gradually adding
95
60 F., as follows
Diluted.
Acid.
a.
Hydrochloric
d.
Nitric
c.
Sulphuric
...
...
31
...
83^
in
the B.P.
26
is
to
weigh
add
distilled
water
acid,
it
water,
25, and keep the mixture in a glass-stoppered bottle for fourteen days before it is used.
3. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum.
a.
l^lP^i^^^^
Mix gradually!
*
^
b.
Addl|Pi"*f.^T^^^''
properties.
c. Their sp. gr. and neutralizing
spectively as follows
power are
re-
Sp. Gr.
Neutralizing Power.
'In
Hydrochloric
Nitric
....
Sulphuric
i'0S2
i-ioH
I
'094
each
case 6 fluid
require for
neutralization 1000
grain-measures of Vol.
solution of soda.
drachms
MATERIA MEDICA.
96
Neutralizing Power.
Sp. Gr.
[6 fluid
Nttro- hydrochloric
1-070
drachms require
sures.
weight
by
grains
C195
require 500 grain-meaAromatic Sulphuric O-gii]
The
sures.
Pharmacy.
several dilute
summarized as follows
1.
may be
Applied
they may
irritant,
discharges;
also neutralize alkaline secretions or
deposits.
and may dissolve certain
much dimay
anti-peptogens, or
act as acids, gastric tonics,
used as an antidote
is
acid
astringents. Sulphuric
as a digestant,
given
is
acid
Hydrochloric
to lead.
Nitro-hydrojuice.
gastric
of
ingredient
being an
Nunc acid
an hepatic stimulant.
special action on the mouth
is credited with some
are supposed
and throat. Remotely the dilute acids
and to
alteratives,
to be tonics, astringents,
acidifv the urine.
.j
^
Acid ijlio
i?,i^-Dilute Hydrochloric or N.tnc
chloric acid is
to 30
Dilute
PHOSPHORIC ACID.
C.
97
Phosphoric Acid.
Acidiim
Phosphoricum Concentraium.
The details g-iven in the B.P. are somewhat complicated,
but essentially the process of preparation of this
acid is as follows:
I.
{Phosphorus,
Nitric acid,
gfr.
413
")
lin a glass
I 6
Distilled water, fl ^ 8
J
flask, connected with a vertical glass condenser,
until the phosphorus has entirely disappeared.
b. Concentrate the fluid until it is reduced
to about
two fluid ounces, and orange-coloured vapours are
no longer formed.
c. Mix
with distilled water until when cold
it measures three fluid ounces,
and has a sp gr
fl
of 1-5.
of
-08,
tests,
I
and respond
gr
to the officinal
characters and
MATERIA MEDICA.
98
reaction.
1-5
Concentrated
I -08.
j Diluted
4. When evaporated, a residue is left, which
melts at a low red heat, and upon cooling- exhibits
a glassy appearance.
Impurities.
The chief of these are certain
metals; hydrochloric, nitric, or sulphuric acid;
and metaphosphoric acid, u^hich gives a precipitate with solution of albumen.
Quantitative Tests. 73*8 grains of the concentrated, or 355 grains (fl 3 6) of the diluted acid,
mixed with 180 grains of oxide of lead in fine
powder, leave by evaporation a residue (principally phosphate of lead), which after it has been
heated to dull redness, weighs 2 15 "5 grains.
Action. Phosphoric acid is only used internally,
and chiefly as a refrigerant, gastric tonic, and
general tonic or alterative. It is believed that
it has an acid effect on the urine.
concentrated acid, 1112 to 5; of diluted
Doses
It should be given well-diluted.
acid, 111 10 to 30.
3-
Sp. gr.
D.
Mix {^'Xj:'!'s'}'"^S:lass
cylinder.
BORIC OR BORACIC ACID.
3.
the
99
collect
4.
bottles.
More hydrobromic acid may be obtained
from the rejected distillate by redistillation.
ji
is believed to have
similar to those of the bromides (See
Bromides), but it is mainly given with quinine
or morphia, with the view of preventing
the unpleasant after-effects of these drugs.
actions
Dose,
Vi\_\^
to 50.
H2
MATERIA MEDICA.
100
2.
3.
They are
The taste
sweetish after-flavour.
4. Boric acid is soluble in water
ing water (I in 3); glycerine (i
(i in
in
25)
s);
spirit at 60 (i in 16).
boil-
rectified
.
It
tion
slightly
acidified
be added.
6.
The
^
burns with a flame
.
alcoholic
solution
and on
The
glass-like mass.
lime,
^ i.
metals,
soda.
"
add the
acid, dis-
through a sieve;
stir
till
cold.
antiseptic,
Action. Boric acid is an important
not given
is
It
disinfectant, and deodorant.
internally.
CHROMIC ACID.
F,
AciDUM Chromicum
lOI
Chromic
Acid.
d.
(Water, fl^42.
Set aside for twelve hours,
liquor.
c. Heat the liquor to
about 185; and add sulphuric acid, fl J 7, and water sufficient to dissolve
any crystals of chromic acid that may have been
formed.
d. Allow the liquid to cool; collect and drain
the crystals; and dry them on porous tiles under
100 in an air-bath.
More crystals may be ob-
tained on evaporation.
It is
a trace.
Pharmacy O^anal
Preparatioti
H.CrO^.
MATERIA MEDICA.
102
Chromic
acid, I
water, 3.
Distilled
I
Orange-red, strongly acid, inodorous,
1
Dissolve
caustic,
Chromic
Action.
G.
4.
Acetic Acid.
Acetic Acid.
Acetimi Vinegar.
The preparation of
1. Acidum Aceticum G/am/^.
is made by
this acid is not given in the B.P., but it
sulphuric
distilling anhydrous acetate of soda with
acid.
an
2.
tillation,
3.
and subsequently
Acidum Acetictm
"^'^
dis-
purified."
Dilutuvi.
Acetic acid,
Distilled water,
i
7.
remains crystallised
above 60.
until the
temperature rises
to
ACETIC ACID.
103
power of
3.
the
Neutralizing power.
Sp. gr.
Grain-measures of volumetric
solution of soda,
Vinegar
^
182 grains
1000.
60 grains
at least 990.
roo6
440 grains or 11^1=313.
|445-4 grains or fl 5 i
vol 7-0
^ ^
about 402.
.
camphor, gum,
dissolves
Impurities.
I. In the diflferent forms of acetic
acid the chief impurities liable to be present are
sulphurous, sulphuric, and hydrochloric acids; and
metals.
2.
Vinegar
is
allowed by law
have ^J^-
to
Pharmacy.
i.
Aceh'c
acid is
used
in
makino-
their solutions*
'
Oxymel.
2.
3.
in
indirectly in
Syrupus Scillas.
Liquor Morphinae Acetatis.
Glacial acetic acid is contained
in
Acetum Cantharidis.
Linimentum Terebinthin^ Aceticum
Mistura Creasoti.
MATERIA MEDICA.
104
Action.
i.
is
escharotio.
According to their strength, the
other forms may be vesicant, rubefacient,
astringent^ or local refrigerant.
2. Acetic acid is not much used separately as an
internal remedy; but much diluted it may be employed as a refrigerant or astringent.
DoseOi
H. Citric Acid.
fl
to ^
j.
H3C6H30,,H,0
thus removed).
^j
^
Oj, and
water,
4 Mix the deposit with distilled 2I
previously
gradually add sulphuric acid, I
Ca32C6H50, + 3H.SO,
= 3CaSO, + 2H3C6Hp,.
to
CITRIC ACID.
the crystals of sulphate of calcium which will have
formed ; further concentrate the liquor until a film
forms on the surface, and set it aside to cool and
Purify the crystals, if necessary, by
crystallise.
recrystallisation.
Citric
The
crystals are
decomposed by
heat, aconitic
and a
little
Impurities.
Fixed impurities;
oxalic acid ; and sulphuric acid.
tartaric
acid;
Carbonate of Ammonium
Carbonate of Potassium
Bicarbonate of Potassium
Carbonate of Sodium
Bicarbonate of Sodium
=
=
Grains of
Citric Acid.
26^
17
14
9-8
167
io6
MATERIA MEDICA.
in
Pharmacy.
i. Citric acid is necessarily present
Succus Limonis; and in Syrupus Limonis, which
contains lemon-juice.
2.
It is
employed
in the
preparation of
all
the
vescent draughts.
Tartrate
l7ico7npaiibles
line carbonates
I.
Tartaric Acid.
H^C^H^Og.
When
TARTARIC ACID.
107
The aqueous
solution becomes
mouldy on keeping, and acetic acid is formed.
5. Tartaric acid is modified by heat; and leaves
no residue, or only a trace, when burned with free
access of air.
Impurities.
Lime; metals; oxalic acid.
spirit (i
in
3).
Grains of
Tartaric Acid.
20 grains of
Carbonate of Ammonium
Carbonate of Potassium
Bicarbonate of Potassium
Carbonate of Sodium
Bicarbonate of Sodium
in
is
=
=
=
=
=
28|
18
15
10^
17-8
it
io8
MATERIA MEDICA.
K. Lactic Acid.
This acid is recognised in two preparations in
the B.P., namely
1
Acidum Laciicum Laclic Acid.
Diluted Lactic Acid.
2. Acidum Lacticuvi Diluium
Source and Preparation.- i. Lactic acid is produced by the action of a peculiar ferment on
solution of sugar, and subsequent purification of
:
the product.
2. Diluted Lactic Acid.
^.
Mix
Lactic acid, fl ^ 3.
I Distilled water, sufficient
f
to
produce Oj.
Lactic acid is a
sp. gr. i-2i. The diluted acid has a sp. gr. 1-040.
i.
is
Impurities.
lime; sugar.
LACTIC ACID.
log
no
MATERIA MEDICA.
IX.
AMMONIUM.
General Summary.
The officinal compounds
and preparations of ammonium may be arrang'ed
according
to the following
plan
Liquor AmmonicE
.
Slroftg
Solutions of
Gaseous
Ammonia =
NH3,
Solutio7i
Forhor
of Ammonia
in Water.
32-5
^I.
Acetate
Solution
Sirojig
of
Annnonium
of
NH.C^HjO,.
2.
'
'
Mindererus'
luted
B.
Solutions of
Salts of
Ace tatis
Di-
Spirit'
Solution
'
of Acetate of
Ammonium.
3.
Ammonium
in
Aimnonii
Liquor
Ammonium
(NH,)3QH,0,.
Citrate
Water.
of
Di-
4.
5.
of
of
Ammo7iium.
Liquor Bismuthi et Ammonii
luted
Solution
Citrate
Citratis.
trate of
ammonium and
muth.
(See Bismuth).
solution of cibis-
A
AMMONIUM.
r I.
2.
Ill
A?nmonn jBenzoas-^NH^C^H^O^.
Ammonii Carbonas. This is
considered to be a compound of acid carbonate
of
ammonium (NH^HCOj),
carbamate of ammo-
witii
nium
C. Salts
(NH4NH3CO,),
and
of
Ammonium.
(See Bromine),
Amnionii Chloridum
moniac
NH^Cl.
Sal Am-
Ammonii Niiras=i\Yi^Oy
Ammonii Phosphas
(NHJ.HPO,.
Linime7itum AmmonicE.
Spintus Am7?io}ii(X Aromaticus
Aromatic Spirit of Aiiinionia
Sal Volatile.
spirituous
solution of ammonia, neutral
carbonate of ammonium,
and oils of nutmeg and
D. Special
OflBcinal
Preparations.
lemon.
Spiritus
AmmonicB Fcetidus
Foetid Spirit of Ammonia.
spirituous solution of am-
monia with
^
It
will
oil
of asafoe-
tida.
to the classifi-
MATERIA MEDICA.
112
slaked lime,
lb. 4.
2.
+ 2NH3 + 2H,0.
d.
Amm.
Fortior = 0'89.
e.
sul-
Ammoniee,
measures of
Vol. solution
of oxalic aad.
SOLUTIONS OF SALTS OF AMMONIUM.
II3
used in
is
Ammonii
Phospiias.
Ammonise
Foetidus.
Linimentum Ammoniae.
Tinctura Quininse Ammoniata.
B.
Add
monium
b.
2.
i.
a.
solution of ammonia.
sufficient water to make Oj.
Liquor Ammonii Citratis.
b.
4.
Add
in bottles free
be stored/
I
MATERIA MEDICA.
114
2.
3.
Liq.
Liq.
'
^Liq.
taste.
C. Salts of
Ammonium,
[,
Benzoate.
ammonium and
of sulphate or chloride of
and resublimation
to
carbonate of calcium
sublimation.
6NH,Cl+3CaC03 = N,HiA08+3CaCl,+2NH3+H,0,
be formed by neutralising:
ammonia or carbonate;
with
acid
hydrochloric
dryness. It;
of ammonium, and evaporating to
sublimation.
is usually prepared by
diluted nitnc acid with^
iV//ra/^.-Neutralise
4
of amsolution of ammonia or carbonate
3
Chloride. Vi?^^
aret
evaporate the solution until crystals
temperature.
a
and keep these fused at
monium:
obtained,
SALTS OF AMMONIUM.
not exceeding- 320, until the
II5
vapour of water
is
no
longer emitted.
5.
to
Phosphate.
fmonia
the solution
amuntil
paper on a porous
well-stoppered bottle.
ing'
tile,
in
The
perties in
1.
common
colourless;
and
crystalline.
12
i6
MATERIA MEDICA.
V
*-
(/]
OJ
c/j
c
H
CO
g
5'
Pi
rt
1 s
;j
fc-
S.J I
X
Eg
Q
cr
SI
"hi)
"^3
a)
O C
3 rtE o
P o
CJ
ca
i3
c'-3
_ "
e
II
II
1-
H
o
!^
ii
aj
U)
o
^
W)
<
u "
to
"3
i)E
bjD t,
c O
"
ll-S.S
>,
"5.
" o
^5
1)
ti/)
rt
E^
S
E
rt O
E c
5 "
-SE.S
E
.5
OH
3^
SALTS OF AMMONIUM.
II7
Impurities. The carbonate and niirate of ammonium are liable to contain sulphate and chloride.
QUANTITATIVK TeSTS
Carbonate. 1,2- 1 grains dissolved in fl|j of
1.
vater, are neutralised by looo grain-measures
of
Vol. solution of oxalic acid.
20 grains of")
:
'^'"'"^
of \ neutralise \
^ ^8^ gr. tartaric acid.
J
2. Phosphate. 20 grains dissolved in
water, and
olution of ammonio-sulphate of
magnesia added
crystalline precipitate
Ammonio-phosphate of
lagnesia, which when well
washed upon a filter
nth solution of ammonia, diluted
with an equal
olume of water, dried, and heated to
redness
:arbonate
.mmonium
preparation of
Bismuthi Carbonas.
in
mercury
^~/^-^/^^.-The
3.
of
ammonium
%faT^'''~'^"'^''
h Carbonate.-Kdds
and acidulous
ilts;
lime-water.
Chloride. ~A\ka.\\es,
irbonates
salts
;
'
earthy
MATERIA MEDICA.
1.
Mix
poured from a
2.
Solution of ammonia,
Qlive oil, 3.
bottle,
Carbonate of ammonium, ^ 4
Strong solution of ammonia,
Volatile oil of nutmeg, fl 3 4^
Oil of lemon, fl 3 6^
Rectified spirit,
Distilled water,
Distil the oils, spirit,
fl
O6
O 3.
and water
^ 8
to
7.
Distil
if
Vol. solutim oj
addition ol
the
fluid ounce, after
chloride
of
test-solution
of the
lization
oxalic add.
One
330 grain-measures
a further
of barium, should yield, after filtration,
added.
is
reagent
precipitate when more of the
Pharmacy. ^rowa/zc spit it of ammonia is containec
[Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata.
^"
jTinctura Valeriana? Ammoniata.
.
Spiriitcs A?nmo7ii(B
Macerate
a.
hours
sel,
b.
for
Fatidus.
pieces
24 jAsafcstida in small
in a closed ves-]
'\
rr
-4.
and
distil
ammonia,
fl? 2,
become,
CharactersT-A colourless liquid but
0-84/
keeping; sp. gr. about
yellow by
ACTION OF AMMONIUM GROUP.
HQ
As an
monia
antacids
valuable
in
the stomach.
The carbonate
is
MATERIA MEDICA.
120
b. The solutions of acetate and citrate of ammonium are diaphoretic, diuretic, and febriflige.
One or other of them is a common ingredient in
in
alterative,
emmenagogue
as a remedy
121
POTASSIUM.
X.
POTASSIUM.
General Summary. The compounds and preparations of Potassium recognised in the B.P. are
very numerous, but they may be thus classified
Catisli'c Potash
(a. Polassa Catistica
Hydrate of Potassium = KHO,
:
I.
containing-
Forms of
some
Liquor Potassce
Potash.
impurities.
Solution of potash.
Bicarbonate
Potassii Bicarlonas
b.
of Potassium = KHCO3.
Bichromas Bichromate of
,,
Potassium = ^S^rO ^, CrOy
Bromidum Bromide ofPo,,
tassium = K.Br. (See Bromine).
Carbonas
Caibonate of
,,
Potassium^YL^CO^, with about
16 per cent, of water of crys-
d.
tallisation.
CMoras
,,
Chlorate
of
Potassium = KCIO3.
Ferrocyanidum Ferrocya,,
nide of Potassium K-^QC^Nd,
Inorganic
Salts.
3H.O.
--
Saltpetre=^KNOy
Permanganas
Permanganate of Potassium=KMnO^
Sulphas
Sulphate
of
stum. Nitreor
/.
I
k.
j
V.
Potassium
KaSO^.
Potassa Sulphurata
Sulphurated
Potash.
(See Sulphur).
MATERIA MEDICA.
122
'a.
Poiassii Aceias
Aceiaie of Poias-
f. Soda
= KC2H3O,.
Citras Citrate of Potassium K3C6H.O,.
Cya7iidiim Cya?iide
of
Potassium = KCN.
Tartras Tartrate of Potassium Soluble Tartar
= K,C,H,06,H,0.
Tartras Acida Acid Tarof Potassium Cream
of Tartar = KHC^H^gTartaraia Tartrate of
Potassium
and
(See Sodium).
siiim
Organic
d'.
,,
c.
,,
d.
Salts.
e.
trate
[a.
Sodium.
Argenii
et Poiassii Nitras
Niof Silver and Potassium
Mitigated
(See
Caustic.
trate
Argent um).
Linimentim Poiassii lodidi cum
Sap07ie,
(See Iodine).
c. LiquorArse7ticalis. (See Aksenium).
4. Special
d. Liquor
Potasses.
Effervesceiis
Officinal
Potash Water.
Preparations.
Liquor Poiassii Permanganalis
Solution of Permanganate of
Potash Condy s fluid.
b.
f.
g.
Unguentum Poiassii
lodidi.
(See
Iodine).
h.
Ungtmitum Potassoi
Sapo
5.
Soap.
Mollis Soft
made
Sulphuratai.
Soap.
Soap
oil.
Some
of the
123
FORMS OF POTASH.
A.
I.
of
Forms of Potash.
making
a. Heat
make
a.
h.
= ro58.
It
sp. gr.
The
d.
It
124
MATERIA MEDICA.
cooling.
bottles.
a. Caustic potash
cakes.
b.
It is
c.
It
is
is
in
very deliquescent.
readily soluble in water (2 in
i),
and
alcohol.
d.
e.
animal tissues.
Quantitative Test. 56 grains dissolved in
water leaves only a trace of sediment, and requires
for neutralization at least 900 grain-measures of
Vol. solution
Pharmacy.
Potassii
of oxalic acid.
Caustic potash
is
used
in
making
Permanganas,
B. Salts of Potassium.
Excluding the
where (Bromide,
salts of
Iodide,
Source and
SALTS OF POTASSIUM.
125
Bicarbonate.
saturating-
stated that
it
made by
is
roasting-
chrome iron
parts
it
l>.
K,C03-f 2HC
potassium.
O2
MATERIA MEDICA.
126
solidified,
and
wliile still
it
warm, break
it
into frag-
dryness,
begun
stirring
to form,
till
conthe
salt granulates.
c. Triturate in a dry warm mortar; and preserve the powder in stoppered bottles.
A salt obtained by fusing
8. Ferrotyafiide.
animal substances, such as the cuttings of horns,
hoofs, and skins, with carbonate of potassium
and iron, in an iron pot, lixiviating the crude product with water, and purifying the salt by crystalli-
sation.
g. Cyanide.
Filter;
concentrate
till
crystallise;
SALTS OF POTASSIUM.
crystals; drain,
to air in
warm
place.
bottle.
13.
127
in
a stoppered
This
Pennanganale.
plicated process,
several steps
Preserve
of
a.
fine
ese
")
.
41'
{Manganate of potash
is
formed).
sulphuric acid.
may
crystalline,
Name
Crystals.
of Salt.
and
Reaction.
satiny Neutral.
I.
Acetate.
Foliaceous
masses.
2.
Bicarbonate.
Large
3.
Carbonate.
Chlorate.
Rhomboidal
rather
plates
caustic.
or Neutral.
tabular crystals 4- or
transparent.
6-sided ;
;
5.
Citrate.
6.
Cyanide.
White opaque
crystalline powder.
Neutral.
crystal- Alkaline.
line masses.
7.
Nitrate.
and opaque.
8.
Sulphate.
g.
Tartrate.
10.
Acid Tartrate.
gritty white
powder Acid.
or fragments of cakes,
on one
crystallised
surface.
Not
crystalline
and
white
opaque.
4.
Neutral.
co
transparent.
so:
Taste.
Solubility.
Very soluble
and rectified
e.
e.
and fpphlv
nllfs
Cold water
(i
in
Changes.
spirit.
Not deliquescent.
in 3].
aiKaune
giy
istic.
When
heated, carbonate
is left.
of
saline.
opdiingiy
in
(i in 16)
(I in 2).
mains.
very soiuDle
in
water Deliquescent.
(10 in 6).
Insoluble in
and
taste
like
rocyanic acid.
Readily
s'j
tirely
in
uuL
spirit.
in
absolute
alcohol.
lar,
(i in 4).
(i in
Boiling water
opdungiy
and
saline.
2J).
in aJconol.
is
prttnclla.
moulds=SaZ
Thrown on
the
deflagrates.
fire it
Mot deliquescent.
w V,.
Jecrenitatpq
LCI Lca
when
c^mr,rr^r,
fatrongiy
heated.
Soluble tartar).
I nsoluble in
alcohol.
It, acid.
("old
1
water
(i in
Boiling water
200).
(i in 16).
nsoluble in alcohol.
MATERIA MEDICA.
130
B.
Name
of Salt.I Crystals.
Bichromate.
I.
Odour
and'
Taste.
Large, red,
four-sided
Changes.
Solubility.
Water
(i
in 10).
Fuses and is
decomposed
by heat.
Water
(i
in 4).
Permanent
tables
transparent.
2.
Ferrocyanide. Large
yel-
Insoluble in alcohol.
low.
3.
Water
(i
in 16).
the
in
air.
When
heated,
Sweetish
:
Impurities.The chief of these are as follows
a.
AceMe.MetalWc
impurities.
and
b.
/.
Sulphate. Lime.
Power
may
be divided
Grain-measures
of Vol. sol. of
oxalic acid.
of Neutralization.
=
=
=
=
SALTS OF POTASSIUM.
evolved, and the alkaline residue to be treated
with distilled water, filtered, and well washed.
2.
Special Tests.
Cyanide.
10 grains dissolved in an ounce of
water require about 730 grain-measures of Vol.
solution of nitrate of silver to be added
before a permanent precipitate begins to form
about 95 per
cent, of real cyanide of potassium.
b. Permanganate.
grains dissolved in water
require for complete decoloration a solution
of
44 grains of granulated sulphate of iron, acidulated with fl3 2 of diluted sulphuric acid.
a.
a.
= gr.
5
each.
Made in the ordinary way with refined
sugar
gum arable, mucilage, and water.
2. The other preparations in
which
in
'
P^^^'^'T
a.
Bichromate.
micum and
b.
in
making ^^^aum
Acidum ^^roChro-
Sodii Valerianas.
Carbonate is contained in
Enema
Aloes.
Liquor Arsenicalis.
Mistura Ferri Composita.
MATERIA MEDICA.
132
It
muthum
c.
used
also
is
Cyanide.
Used
catum.
d.
in
Bis-
Purificatum.
Ferrocyanide.
in
making Bismuthum
\}%Qdi.
in
Purifi-
drocyanicum Dilutum.
e.
Sulphate is contained in
Pilula Colocyntiiidis Composita.
Pilula Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami.
Pulvis Ipecacuanhse Compositus.
Acid Tartrate is an important ingredient in
:
Confectio Sulphuris.
Pulvis Jalapae Compositus.
Also used
in
The
action of the
way, excluding
bonate and
The
carsolution
bicarbonate of potassium in
relieving itching
and an antacid.
actions.
some of the preparations of potasof
Solutions
have been reconisium, especially the citrate,
or gouty
rheumatic
mended as applications to
have similar
I33
joints.
in
mouth and
throat.
Per-
mang-anate is a most valuable antiseptic, disinfectant, and deodorant, and is extensively used
in the form of the solution
Condy's iluid. The
cyanide is a cutaneous sedative and anodyne.
2. Internal action.
In discussing this part of the
subject, it will be expedient to take some of the
preparations of potassium in groups, others individually.
It may at the outset be stated generally that the prolonged use of these preparations
is liable to produce a marked
depressant effect
upon muscular and nervous tissues.
a. Solution of potash, the carbonate,
and the bicarbonate are direct antacids in the stomach,
gastric sedatives, and peptogens. They also
the
decomposed
doses.
_
paper
IS
sedative in large
from burning nitreinhaled as a pulmonary sedative
in
Ihe smoke
arising
asthmatic attacks.
t/.
Sulphate is a saline aperient,
but
much employed medicinally.
is
not
134
MATERIA MEDICA.
e. Permanganate
of potassium may be employed internally as an antiseptic ; and is also
supposed to be an emmenagogue.
y. The vegetable salts of potassium have this
property in common, namely, that after absorption into the blood they are decomposed, and
become converted into the carbonate. In connection with the alimentary canal they are all more
or less refrigerant, and the acetate, tartrate,
and acid tartrate are saline aperients ; the
acid tartrate in combination with jalap in compound jalap powder produces abundant watery
After absorption they become remote
stools.
antacids, diuretics, and the citrate is diaphoThe citrate is the salt commonly used if
retic.
desired
to alkalinise the blood or urine for
it is
to 5.
SODIUM.
SODIUM.
XI.
General Summary. A similar plan of arrangement of the numerous officinal compounds and
preparations of Sodium may be adopted as in the
case of Potassium.
I.
Sodium =
2.
Forms of
Soda.
some
b.
a.
impurities.
Liquor SodcB
Solution of Soda
8*8 grains of Hydrate of Sodium
in fl J I or 4 per cent, by weight.
1
a.
Sodii Arsenias
Arseniate of Sodium
[See Arsenium).
Bicatbonas
Bicarbonate
of
= NaHCOj.
Bromidum Bromide of So= Na.Br. (6V^ Bromine.)
Carbonas Carbonate
of
Sodium = Na2C03, loH^O.
~
Sodium
c.
,,
diu?n
,,
3.
e.
f.
,,
Dried
Chloride of
Hvpophosphis Hypophosphite
Chloridum
Sodium=N aC\
Inorga-
nic
Salts
of Sodium.
Carbonas Exsiccata
Carbonate- :Na,C03.
g.
,,
NaNO^.
Phosphas
Phosphate
of
Sodium
V,z.^'^0^, I2H,0.
Sulphas
Sulphate of Sodium
Na.SO^, 10H3O.
Sulphis
Sulphite of Sodium =
Na,S03,7H,0. (^'ff Sulphur).
m. Borax Pyroborate of Sodium -~.
Na^Bp,, loH.O.
J36
MATERIA MEDICA.
'
a.
Taitarated Soda
of Potaasium and
Sodium Rochelle Salt =
Soda Taiiarala
Tarlrale
NaKC^Hp6,4H,0.
b.
Organic
Salts of
citric
Sodium.
c.
Salicylas
Salicylate
and
of So-
Sulpho - carbolas
carbolate
of
Sulpho=
Sodium
NaCftHsSO^, 2H,0.
Sodium
[a.
b.
Valerianate
NaC^HnOj.
Valerianas
e.
Arsenium).
of
Soda
(See
Mel
Boracis.
h. Trochisci
Sodii Bicarbonatis
= gr. $
in each.
6.
Soaps.
(a.
|-_
Curd Soap.
Sapo Animalis
Hard
Soap.
Durus
Sapo
FORMS OF SODA.
A.
The
merce.
Sodium.
metwith
in
com-
acid.
Pharmacy. Sodium
for the
B.
Forms of Soda.
1. Liquor SodcE.
This solution is prepared by
the action of slaked lime,
I 12, on a boiling
solution of carbonate of sodium,
J 28 in Ci, by a
process similar to that by which Liquor Potas'sEe is
made, to which the student is referred for details.
Characters.
A clear,
alkaline liquid of so
pt
1-047.
tor neutralization
'
iion
of oxalic
acid.
MATERIA MEDICA.
138
much resembles
C. Salts of Sodium.
bicarbonate of
ammonium
and subsequent
ig-
carbonate of
capsule
to heat applied
porcelain
a
^
gently until the crystals crumble to powder then
increase the temperature, and continue the action
The product
until vapours cease to be evolved.
sodium,
8, in
SALTS OF SODIUM.
weig-hs about |
in
a stoppered
Bicarhonate.
4.
3.
Rub
it
to
bottle.
obtained by saturating
with carbonic acid, or by
salt
carbonate of sodium
reaction of chloride of sodium and bicarbonate
of ammonium.
Borax.
5.
A native
salt.
It is
also
made
arti-
6.
salt
7.
ing-
a solution of carbonate of
sodium
to
a solu-
from solution
in
water.
-1-
H,0 -f CO^.
When
powder begin
to
stir
Tartarated Soda.
Add
gradually acid
a boiling solution
of carbonate of sodium, ^ 12 in O4, boil for a
few minutes, and if required add one or other salt
till a neutral solution is obtained.
10.
a.
tartrate of potassium,
I
16, to
2KHC,,HA+Na,C03=2KNaQHA + H,0+C0,.
140
MATERIA MEDICA.
Boil
b.
and
and
filter
concentrate by evaporation
crystallise.
12.
Obtained
Sulphocarbolate.
carbolic
acid
by
dissolving
Valerianate.
13.
a.
Distil
until
'
Water, J 10
Bichromate of\
fl
potassium,
t-.-
Water, 03^
1
Amylic alcohol,
-..l
^'l
&^"tle heat
fl
^ 4.
143).
SALTS OF SODIUM.
B. Non-Crystalline Salts.
Dried Carbonate.
141
These include:
A white powder
its other
characters being- similar to those of the carbonate.
1.
In
Bicarbonate.-
2.
irregular scales
of a saline,
taste, not caustic or unpleasant;
;
(i in
alkaline
soluble in water
slightly
10).
Citro- Tartrate.
In white grains;
soluble in water with effervescence.
3. Effervescent
Impurities.
The chief impurities liable to be
in the salts of sodium are potash, sulphates,
and chlorides.
found
Quantitative Tests.
on the
same plan
These may be
considered
a.
Power of
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
b.
rTeutralization.
of Vol. solution
of oxalic add.
Special
Test
lOOO
_
^
90
1000
I.
Crystals.
of Salt.
Borax.
f^arifarl
Reaction.
prisms,
6-sided
L.arge
r'olmiT'lpQQ
CHi
flat-
Weak
alkaline.
pnn
transparent.
2.
Carbonate.
Laminar
shape
3.
Chloride.
crystalline Neutral.
white,
Small,
transparent
or
grains
cubic crystals.
;
4.
Nitrate.
5.
Phosphate.
ing
and
6.
Sulphate.
transparent
colourless.
6-sided
prisms
7. Salicylate.
alkaline.
rhombic Neutral.
oblique
transparent.
Small
less.
8.
Sulphocarbolate.
Rhombic prisms;
and transparent.
Tartarated Soda,
Pr!<!m<!
g.
colourless Neutral.
of
Large
generally 8-sided.
Transparent and colourless
'
Changes.
Solubility.
[Taste.
Water
Slightly efflorescent.
(i in 22).
alkaline,
and Water
liUy
(i in 2).
Stic.
salt
or
Water
(i in 23).
Slightly
rit
in
not
rectified
pure
in
spial-
glass
cohol.
and
jg
saline.
mild.
Water
(i in 2).
Water
(i
Slightly deliquescent.
Deflagrates with heat.
Efflorescent.
in 5).
Insoluble in rectified
ewhat
bitter.
in
water
less so in spirit.
5r.
of
saline.
ig saline,
Water
ind bitter.
ish
spirit.
When
(i in i^).
Insoluble in rectified
On
spirit.
MATERIA MEDICA.
144
Pharmacy,
i.
Officinal
Preparations.
parations of sodium-compounds
elsewhere include
:
a.
filter,
and
^.^f ^
gas,
pressure of about
four atmospheres.
b.
cool in a stream of
cold water.
The solution should be recently prepared.
colourless liquid, of syrupy consistence, becoming brown by keeping. Sp. gr. 0-867.
I
I
A
c.
made
in
the ordi-
d.
Glycerinum Boracis.
Powdered borax,
Glycerine, 4
Distilled water,
e.
i \
Colourless.
Rub
together in a mortar
or heat
until dissolved
2.
2.
gently.
The
other prepaialions
j
in
making which
the
salts of
d.
3. Incompatibles.
the student's
I45
this
group are
in
the preparations
is
slightly
caustic,
detergent, antacid, or
is seldom used.
The
detergent;
this
purpose
'?J^;^t'"-
;"fbarh.'''
MATERIA MEDICA.
146
Urate of sodium
also much less soluble than urate of potassium.
a. Solution of soda, the carbonate, and the bicarbonate act upon the alimentary canal as direct
is
in
cases of diabetes.
Chloridfe of sodium
is
may
Salicylic Acid).
DOSES OF SODIUM GROUP.
g. Sulphocarbolate of
sodium
is
147
antiseptic and
antizymotic.
Valerianate of sodium is a nervine tonic,
seldom used.
Doses As given in the B.P., the doses of the
compounds and preparations of sodium now under
consideration are as follows:
Bicarbonate, gr. 10 to 60.
Carbonate, gr. 5 to 30.
Dried Carbonate, gr. 3 to 10.
h.
but
is
Citro-tartrate, gr.
60
Phosphate, ^ ^ to
i.
to 120.
Sulphate, ^ J to i.
Sulphocarbolate, gr. 10 to 15.
Valerianate, gr. i to 5.
Borax, gr. 5 to 40.
Tartarated Soda, ^ i to l.
Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis, i to
6.
L2
MATERIA MEDICA.
148
XII.
LITHIUM.
The preparations
three in number,
them may be given
a tabular form.
Properties and Tests.
Preparation.
Name.
Lithii
I.
in
Carbonas
Carbonate of
Lithium =
LiaCOa.
2. Lithii
Citras
Citrate of
Lithium
LisCeHsOT.
No method of pre- a. A white powder, or miparation is given in the nute crystalline grains.
B.P., but this salt is b. Alkaline reaction.
made by the action of c. Soluble in water (i in
carbonate of ammo- 150). Insoluble in alcohol.
nium on sulphate or d. 10 grains, neutralized
chloride of lithium. with sulphuric acid, and
heated, leave 14-86 grains
= sulphate.
Add
a.
of
in successive
(I.
Soluble in water (i in
50 2i), without leaving any
( Citric acid, gr. go residue.
c. 20 grains burned at a
1 Water, flji.
with free
b. Dissolve by heat low red heat,
portions
Carbonate
lithium,
until
ceases.
C,
gr.
JIjVcipUI ctLC
gr. of
b.
LO op.
about 1-230.
tallise,
bottles.
Liquor
3.
LithicB
lar
Water.
ate of lithium in
i.
antacid
Action. The compounds of lithium are
solvents of
and diuretic, but are chiefly used as
being the
uric acid, the urate of lithium
most
solu-
gout,
Citrate, gr. $
gr. 3 to 6
lOto
flj 5
to 10; Effervescing solution,
Doses Oi Carbonate,
ALUMINIUM.
149
ALUMINIUM.
XIII.
tion in water.
talline
and
gelatin.
Alum.
crystallisation.
Preparation.
Heat
or
Burnt
water of
its
potassium alum
in
well-stoppered bottle.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Characters.
Dried
alum
is
a white spongy
Glycerinum Alumims
Preparahm
Glycerine 0/ Alum.
Alum,
i]-^..
Pharmacy.
in
powder,
Glycerine, 5.
and
Officirial
soluble in
Set aside
and pour off the clear
from any deposited matter.
Action. Alum is a powerful astringent, both
external and internal.
It
is
purgative and
emetic in large doses. Dried alum is slightly
escharotic, and is only used externally. Alum
is also given as a supposed specific remedy for
hooping-cough.
Dose Of Alum, 10 to 20 grains.
stirring.
fluid
CALCIUM.
XIV. CALCIUM.
General Summary. The
calcium
may
(a.
Forms of
Lime
I.
officinal
d.
a.
Lime.
Impure.
Liquor Calcis
solution of
Lime-water.
b.
Chalk.
(a. Creia
ot\b. Creta PrcBparaia
Carbonate of Ic.
Calcium =1
CaCOj.
in
j.
Prepared Chalk.
Carbonas Pracipiiata
Precipitated Carbonate of Cal-
Calcis
cium.
d.
in fi^
Forms
slaked lime
Solutions of
of
3.
compounds
Marmor Album
White Marble.
4.
Various
Salts
Calcii Hypophosphis
of
Calcium.
/.
Calcii
Sulphas Sulphate
Calcium.
CaSO^.
of
Nearly anhydrous
MATERIA MEDICA.
a.
b.
c.
Special
S.
d.
Officinal
Powder
Preparations.
[see
Mercury).
Linimentum Calcis.
Calcis
Chlorinatce.
f. Liquor
Chlorine).
g. Liquor Calcii Chloridi.
e.
The preparations
{see
Lime and
A.
its
Solutions.
into
stoppered
bottle
containing
for
distilled
two or three
be drawn
bottle.
4.
LIME AND ITS SOLUTIONS.
Separate the clear solution with a siphon, avoidingunnecessary exposure to air, and keep it in a wellstoppered bottle.
compact
Lime.
a. This substance occurs in
masses, of a whitish colour.
readily absorb water, swell,
b. They
1.
into
and
fall
d.
The
2.
Slaked Lime
3.
Solictions
solution
fl3
is
2of^;
S"^'
l^l^^
alkaline.
is
liable to
become
brownish by keeping-.
They have an alkaline reaction.
Sp. g-r. of saccharated solution = 1-052.
They readily absorb CO^ from the air. and
become covered with a film of carbonate of
b.
c.
d.
lime.
Quantitative Test.
Power
of Neutraliza-
tion.
Grain -measures
T
of Vol. sol. of
oxalic acid.
2.
")
r,
Linimentian
Calcis.
thickish cream.
180.
254.
Solution of lime, i
Mix with
Olive oil, i.
J agitation.
2. Slaked li?ne is used in
the preparation of
Chlorate of Potassium.
Solution of lime is an ingredient in Lotio Hydrargyri Fluva and Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra
and is
used in making Oxide of Silver.
")
"[
3.
Tncompatibles. M\ner2.\
MATERIA MEDICA.
154
Salts of Calcium.
B.
Native
carbonate of calcium.
Prepared Chalk. Chalk freed from most of its
impurities by elutriation, and afterwards dried in
small masses, which are usually of a conical form.
1.
Chalk.
2.
3.
friable
Precipitated Carbonate,
Mix
solu
tions in boiling
a.
distilled
Chloride of calcium, | 5
water Carbonate of sodium, J
of
Collect the precipitate on a calico
away the NaCl with boiling water;
212.
b.
each
in
pints.
wash
and dry at
filter;
White Marble.
line native
b.
mixture
is
alkaline.
CaH42P04+2CaCl2+4NH4HO = Ca32P04+4NH4Cl+4E20.
on a calico filter with
c. Wash the precipitate
NH^Cl and dry
remove
to
water,
boiling
;
SALTS OF CALCIUM.
7.
Sulphate.
Carbonates.
The several
sidered together.
(i)
Chalk.
forms
In
(ii)
Prepared
con-
irregular whitish
masses.
a.
may be
Chalk.
white
Appearancel
ally in
(iii)
cone-shaped masses.
Precipitated Carbotiate,
A white
crystalline powder.
b. All forms are insoluble in water
soluble in
dilute hydrochloric acid, with effervescence.
2. Chloride. a. Chloride of calcium is in white
;
b.
c.
agglutinated masses.
is
very deliquescent; rapidly absorbs
water; and is a powerful desiccating agent.
It is entirely soluble in water (i in
2), and
can be crystallised in prisms; also in alIt
cohol.
d.
3.
It
white,
amorphous powder.
b.
It
is
diluted
nitric acid,
Gum
acacia,
Syrup, 2
Cinnamon Water, 30
MATERIA MEDICA.
156
b.
Cinnamon, 4
Nutmeg, 3
Saffron,
Cloves,
dark fawn.
Chalk
dients;
v
Cardamom seeds,
pass
'
dark fawn.
Pulvis CretcB Aromaticus cum 0/)z'o
Aromatic powder of ]
[Prepared as above.
chalk, 39
Opium
in
powder,
i.
Bismuthi.
Prepared chalk is contained in Hydrargyrum
cum Creta.
d. Phosphate is contained in Pulvis Antimonialis.
e. Sulphate is used in making Calx Sulphurata.
employed as a desicf. Chloride is frequently
cating agent.
c.
The
I.
External
and
local
applications.
Lime
is
157
Mistura Cretae,
i to 2.
Pulvis Cretse Aromaticus, gr. 10
Pulvis Cretse Aromaticus
gr. ID to 40.
to 60.
cum Opio,
MATERIA MEDICA.
158
XV. CERIUM.
There is only one
metal, namely:
Cerii
compound
officinal
of this
CeC.O^, 3H3O.
and Preparation. A salt which may
be obtained as a precipitate by adding solution of
oxalate of ammonium to a soluble salt of cerium.
It usually contains some oxalate of lanthanum and
oxalate of didymium.
Characters and Properties
1. Oxalate of cerium is a white granular powder.
Source
2. It is insoluble in
water.
It is
MAGNESIUM.
MAGNESIUM.
XVI.
General Summary.
nesium
I.
B.P.
in tiie
Forms
Magnesia
MgO.
a.
of
The
preparations of
thus arranged:
Magnesia Levis Light
may be
magMag-
nesia.
Heavy
Magnesii Carbonas LevisLight
Forms of
Carbonate of Magnesium
Carbonate =
Magnesii Carbonas Ponderosa
{MgC03)3,Mg(HO)2,
4H2O.
Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium.
Magnesii Sulphas Sulphate of Magnesium
b.
Magnesia
Ponderosa
Magnesia.
2.
3.
4.
of
Solutions
Salts
ofi
Magnesium.
per cent.
Liquor Magnesii Citratis
Limon-
ade Purgative.
solution of
citrate of magnesium.
For practical purposes the compounds of magnesium may be considered according to the following plan
:
A. Sulphate of Magnesium.
Source and Preparation. The preparation of
is not mentioned in the B.P., but
it is
made by acting upon magnesian limestone by
this salt
i6o
MATERIA MEDICA.
a.
b.
It
It
d.
It
when
weigh
B.
nitrate of silver.
thus contrasted
MAGNESIUM.
Heavy Carbonate.
(i)
Mix two
boiling
Light Carbonate.
and
i6i
Evaporate to perfect
no effervescence.
Characters and Properties. The characters of
this group may be summarised thus
a. They are all apparently white
amorphous
powders, but the carbofiaie is minutely granu-
b.
c.
They are
lar,
ratio of 3 to
J
i,
insoluble in water
soluble in dilute
acids, the carbonates with effervescence
Impurities. Lime; sulphate.
;
MATERIA MEDICA.
l62
Light carlonate
2.
is
heavy carlonaie
Bismuthi.
Trochisci
Pini Sylvestris;
C.
t Water, 0\
Sulphate of magnesiurn, I
the
point.
boiling
J
together until CO2 ceases to be
Water,
h.
c.
e.
2.
a.
\ heated
to
Boil them
evolved.
Collect the precipitated carbonate on a calico
it with distilled water from
sodium.
sulphate of
Mix with distilled water, O i, and saturate
with pure washed CO^ gas, under the pressure of about 3 atmospheres.
Filter after 24 hours, and again pass in CO,
filter,
d.
]
2
and wash
of magnesium,
b.
Syrup of lemons, fl ^ ^
Aaa|^g_^gj,^ nearly to fill the
.
c.
d.
Put in
bottle.
or wire;
gr. 40; secure the cork with string
dissolved.
is
bicarbonate
the
and shake until
solu-
is first
opened.
The
163
The preparations
internally.
its
by
acids, arsenic,
in
cases of poisoning
gr. 10 to 60.
Sulphate, gr. 60 to ^ \.
Liquor Magnesii Carbonatis, fl^ i to
Liquor Magnesii Citratis, flj5 to 10.
2.
MATERIA MEDICA.
164
XVII. ATTTIMOlSriUM-ANTIMONY.
General Summary.
The
officinal
compounds and
Purified Black
mony =Sb2S3.
Sulphurated
2. Antimonium Sulphuratum
Antimony. A mixture containing- sulphide and
oxide of antimony, Sb^Sj and 55303.
3.
Antimonii Oxidum
Oxide
of Antimony
"Butter
of
solution of chloride of antimony
(SbCl3) in hydrochloric acid.
5.
Antimony." A
,a.
Aiiiimonialis
powdif.
6.
Special
b.
Officinal
Preparations.
Aniimonial
modification of
James's powder, containing
oxide of antimony.
Anlimoniale Antivionial
Vinuni
solution of tarwine.
tarated antimony in sherry
Pulvis
c.
wine gr. 2 in fl ^ i.
Unguetiltwi Antimonii Tariarati
Oinl?7ienl
>
of Tarlaraled
Aiiii-
mony.
of antimony may be further considered in the order in which they are obtained.
The compounds
SULPHURATED ANTIMONY.
A.
165
Source and Preparation. Fuse the native sulphide, to purify from silicious matter; reduce it to
fine powder; and if, on testing", any soluble salt
of arsenium is present, purify by the following
process
a.
(Native Sulphide,
J
for 5 days,
^^^^
^
r
i
Macerate
stirnng frequently,
b.
in
fine
[solution of Ammonia, fl ^ 8.
to subside, pour off the
powder
Allow the
into water.
B.
Sulphurated Antimony.
a.
-i
occasionally,
(A double
formed, thus
sulphide,
2Sb,S3 +6NaH0
i66
b.
MATERIA MEDICA.
While
still
hot,
O9.
c.
befoi'e
it
cools
add
to
d.
b.
It is
c.
It
odourless
has a slight
taste.
readily
insoluble in water or spirit
soluble in caustic soda; also in HCl, evolving H2S, a little sulphur being deposited.
is
It
warmed
(Plummer's
Pill).
C. Solution of
Chloride of Antimony.
ffii
\ Boil
for
15
minutes.
in
a stoppered
bottle.
OXIDE OF ANTIMONY.
Characters and Properties
heavy liquid;
a. This solution is a yellowish-red
sp. gr. about 1-47.
oxychloride
b. It g-ives a white precipitate of
becomes
which
water,
into
dropped
when
orang-e-red when treated with H3S.
:
c.
It is
Quantitative Test.
fluid
D.
Oxide of Antimony.
roughly
b.
Repeat a
c.
in
|6
under 212.
i68
MATERIA MEDICA.
hydrochloric acid.
The
c.
solution
in
H,S.
The oxide
d.
Pharmacy.
is
fusible at a
Officinal Preparation
Pulvis Antini07iialis
Antii?ionial
Powder.
Tartarated Antimony
E.
2.
Tartar
Emetic.
a.
Make a
paste
with-:'
Oxide of antimony, ^5
Acid tartrate of potassium
water of
fine powder,
and set aside for 24 hours.
b.
c.
")
in
^6
>;
J
Add
Sb,03-|-2KHC,H,06=2KSbC,H,0,-fH,0.
Characters and Properties
a. Tartar emetic is a crystalline
:
b.
c.
d.
salt
= rhombic
l6g
It
is
water
1'
i .
(^Simple ointment, 4.
Vintcm Antimoniale.
Dissolve, and filter (Tartarated antimony, gr.
h.
40
Sherry wine, O i.
2. Incompatibles.
The chief incompatibles of tartarated antimony are alkalies
lead salts
gallic
and tannic acids and vegetable astringents geneif
necessary
rally.
mony
170
MATERIA MEDICA.
tive.
Tartarated antimony
is
the
preparation
drug is used in
different doses as a diaphoretic, cardiac and
vascular depressant, sedative expectorant,
or depressing emetic.
In large doses all the
preparations of antimony are powerful irritant
this
poisons.
Doses
Antimonial wine,
1115 to fl3 j.
ARGENTUM
XVIII.
I7I
SILVER.
ARGENTTJM-SILVER.
Pure metallic
ge?i/i
now recognised
in the
B.P.
Nilras.
Silver.
ArmakingIntroduced for
Nitrate of Silver
Argenti Nitras
AgNOj.
Caustic
Lunar
Nitras Nitrate of
3. Argenti et Potassii
Silver and Potassium Mitigated Caustic.
A mixture of the fused nitrates of silver and potas2.
sium
4.
to 2.
Argenti Oxidum
Oxide
Ag^O.
Each of these compounds
will
of Silver
now be
con-
sidered separately.
I.
b.
2i
1 Distilled water, ^ 5 J
refined silver, J 3, in a flask, and dissolve
with gentle heat.
evaporate ; and
Decant the clear liquor
Again evaporate
set aside to crystallise.
;
proper moulds.
e. Preserve in carefully stoppered bottles.
(To form Toughened Nitrate of Silver or
salt into
"Toughened
nitrate
of
Caustic,"
add
potassium to 95
parts of
5
parts of the
172
MATERIA MEDICA.
is
colourless
prisms
h.
It
a.
tabular
Nitrate of silver
right rhombic
is
11150)
d.
It
darkens on exposure
to light,
tion.
2,
and
stains
Mitigated
Caustic.
Source and Preparation
a. Fuse and mix thoroughly together
:
in
Nitrate of silver,
\ Nitrate of potassium, 2.
b. Pour the melted mass into proper moulds.
c. Preserve in bottles carefully stoppered.
Characters and Properties. a. This salt is in
b.
r Nitrate
of silver, ? 1 1
P^"'i
i Distilled water, flj4
Solution of lime, O 3^, in a bottle.
b. Shake well, and set aside to allow the de:
posit to settle.
I73
Draiv
off the
filter;
wash
fluid
it
Keep
212,
in
it
a well-
stoppered bottle.
Characters and Properties. a. Oxide of silver
is an olive-brown or black powder.
h. It is insoluble in water; slightly soluble in
ammonia; completely in nitric acid.
decomposes in contact with organic
c. It
matters.
</.
Heated
to redness,
108
of pure silver.
The incompatibles of nitrate of
Lncompatibles.
j//wr include alkalies and their carbonates; chloiodide of
rides
acids (except nitric and acetic)
and astringent
potassium ; solutions of arsenic
infusions.
The oxide is liable to explode when
prescribed with creosote or chlorides in pill, and
before mixing must be diffused through some
simple powder.
Dose0{
in pill.
Nitrate, gr.
to i;
of Oxide, gr.
-I
to 2
MATERIA MEDICA.
174
XIX. ARSENIUM-ARSENIC.
General Summary,
The
B.P.
compounds and
may be
con-
An
(l.
B. Salts
containing
Arsenic.
Arsenii lodidiim
ASI3.
Ferri Arsenias Arseniale of It on,
with some oxide.
Sodii Arsenias
Arseniale of
Sodium
When
Na.HAsO^, yH.O.
freshly crystallised
Na.HAsO^, 12H3O.
C. Solutions
containing
Arsenic.
The first two
con-
solutions
tain
per cent,
of arsenioiis
acid,
or 4^ grains
in
mercuric
the
last,
and
iodide
I
per
cent, of arse?tiate
of soditim.
An
aqueous solution
and red
arsenium
of iodide of
iodide of mercury.
Solution.
Solution
A. Arsenious Acid
White
Arsenic.
ARSENIUM.
Characters and Properties
heavy white powa. Arsenious acid occurs as a
usually present
which
der; or in sublimed masses,
the existence
by
caused
a stratified appearance,
other in
each
from
differing
of separate layers,
in a
sublimed
slowly
When
opacity.
of
degrees
glass tube, it forms minute brilliant and trans:
measures of
B.
Arseniate of Sodium.
X
thoroughly Arsenious acid, ^ 10
in a mortar-; Nitrate of sodium, ^ 8I
2.
Sodii Arsenias
fl.
finely
dered
pow
j'
5I.
176
^.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Expose
crucible,
to
until
full
all
red heat
in
efifervescence
a covered clay
has ceased, and
and when
but
solid,
still
warm, put
into
loiling
stirring- diligently.
by exposure on
filtering-
paper;
and enclose
in
stoppered bottles.
The
add
sodium
arse7iious
is
As,03+Na,C03+2NaN03 = Na,As30,+CO,+N,03.
Solution in water converts this into the officinal
arseniate : Na^ As^O,
H,0 = 2Na,H AsO^.
When freshly crystallised, the salt has the com-
Ferii Arsenias
Arseniate of Iron.
a.
in
")
little
water.
and wash
air-chamber under
100.
These
may be
I77
(I,
In small crystals.
a.
Crystalline prisms.
Arseniate of Iron.
a.
An
amorphous
powder.
b.
Orange-coloured.
b. Colourless
parent.
trans-
b.
Of
greenish
colour.
Soluble in water,
c. Insoluble in water
c.
I^eadily and almost
c.
entirely soluble in water the solution being alka- readily soluble in hydrochloric acid.
and rectified spirit. The line.
Almost
instantly
d. Heated
to 300
becomes anhydrous.
it
d.
Tasteless.
Impurities.
Arseniate of iron is liable to contain
a sulphate, indicated by the solution in hydrochloric
acid when diluted giving a white precipitate with
chloride of barium.
Quantitative Tests
1. Arseniaie 0/ Iron.
100 grains dissolved in an
excess of sulphuric acid diluted with water, continue to give a blue precipitate with ferrocyanide
of potassium, until at least 225 grain-measures of
Vol. solution of bichromate of potassium have been
added.
2. Arseniaie of sodium.
An aqueous solution of
12-4 grains of anhydrous arseniate of sodium,
acidulated with acetic acid, requires not less than
34 grains of acetate of lead for complete precipi-
tation.
C.
MATERIA MEDICA.
178
When
3.
cool
add <
Compound
tincture of
lavender,
fl
3 5
(^Distilled water
O i.
more soluble with carbonate
Arsenious acid is
of potassium, and this is gradually decomposed,
forming arseniate of potassium=
K3C03 + As,03 = 2KAs02 + CO,.
The tincture of lavender is added for colouring
sufficient
4.
water
to
produce
fl
J lO.
msntioned
in the B.P.,
Liquor
Arsenicalis.
may be
Liquor Arsenici
Hydrochloricus.
Reddish colour.
Colourless.
Alkaline reaction.
Acid reaction.
Odour
of lavender.
thus contrasted.
lyg
Quantitative Tests.
442 grains (fl^ 1) of
Liquor Arsenicalis or Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus, boiled for five minutes with 20 grains
of bicarbonate of sodium, and then diluted with
six fluid ounces of distilled water, to which a little
mucilage of starch has been added, does not give
with the Vol. sohiHon of iodine a permanent blue
colour until 87"5 grain-measures have been added.
is
a powerful
They
also act upon the conjunctivae, and the respiratory mucous membrane, tending to cause irritation of these structures.
As a poison, arsenium
N2
MATERIA MEDICA.
i8o
XX. BISMUTHUM-BISMUTH.
Bismuth.^
2.
Bismuth.
Bi,0,.
(a.
b.
3.
Salts of^
Bismuth.
^BiCfiHjO,.
Bismuthi Subniiras
c.
Subnitrate of
^zjww/y^^BiONOs.H^O.
(i)
Trochisci Bis??iuthi=gr. 2
of Subnitrate in each.
d.
muth
in
fl
I.
A.
Metallic Bismuth.
described at some
and' characters of which are
use to the
practical
no
of
be
can
it
length but
with these^
medical student to burden his memory
Several tests are also mentioned,
details.
copper,
eating the absence of arsenium,
impurities.
other
and
iron,
barium,
l8l
B.
It
will
tog-ether,
Carbonate,
2.
Siibnitrate.
^^^^ ffom
Purified Bismuth, and the earlier part of the process is the same in each case,
a Add purified bis- fj^.^^.^ ^^^^
muth, 5 2, m small pieces, distilled water,
in successive portions, to
fl
5 3.
(Bi+4HN03 = Bi3N03+NO+2H,0).
I. When effervescence has ceased, apply for 10
minutes a temperature approaching that of ebullition, and decant the solution.
c.
to fl| 2.
SUBNITRATE.
Carbonate.
d. Pour the concentrated sod. Add the concentrated solution in small quantities at a time lution into distilled water,
to a cold filtered solution of C|. Subnitrate is precipitated,
(4Bi3N08+3N4HioC3n8=
12NH4N03+2Bi2C06+7C02).
supernitrate
remains
in
solution.
(5Bi3N08+8H20=
4BiN04,H20+Bi3N08,8HNOs).
e. Decant the fluid
add to
;
150.
I82
MATERIA MEDICA.
Oxide of Bismuth.
3.
^-
fsubnitrate of bismuth,
of soda,J O 4,
1-)
lb
I.
c.
i )
^'H Solution
to cool,
f"^
minutes.
to
subside.
wash the
Decant the supernatant liquid
precipitate thoroughly with distilled water;
and dry by the heat of a water-bath.
;
b.
c.
Citrate
of Bismuth.
Subnitrate of bismuth, 1 5I
J
dissolved \ Nitric acid, fl^ 11.
Pour in water, with constant stirring-, until
the cloudiness produced by the water no
longer rapidly disappears.
Dissolve bicarbonate of sodium, ^ 8, in
add citric acid, 1 4 boil
distilled water
Heat
until
and add
the
gas
until
no
bismuth
of
solution
the
liquid to
Heat to
further precipitate is produced.
Set aside to
boiling, occasionally stirring.
until
all
is
expelled;
cool.
d.
When
from
5.
salt
filter,
This
of Bismuth and Ammonium.
obtained from the Solution of Citrate
Citrate
is
cold,
nitric acid.
of Bismuth and Ammonium, as follows : Evaporate the solution over a water-bath to the conSpread in thin layers on
sistence of a syrup.
100.
glass or porcelain plates, and dry under
stopin
a
them
preserve
Remove the scales, and
pered bottle.
Characters and Properties. Under this heading the preparations of bismuth now under
consideration may be arranged in two groups,
namely:
a.
These are
is
1.
all
scales.
In colour they are white, except the oxide,
which
c.
is
dull lemon-yellow.
soluble in
in water;
with half its volume of
with effervescence. The
citrate is soluble in solution of ammonia, to
a clear or nearly clear liquid.
They are
insoluble
Citrate
pound
a.
It
h.
It
d.
e.
salt differs
bismuth
c.
d.
2.
183
in several particulars.
occurs in small, shining-, translucent scales.
is very soluble in water.
The
due
Impurities.
purities
The
mentioned
chief of
in
these
connection
Bismuth.
Pharmacy.
l.
Officinal Preparation
Trochisci Bismuthi.
in the
usual
The
su'ctiitrate
is
incompatible
MATERIA MEDICA.
C.
CiTRATIS.
Source and Preparation.
gr. 800, to a
water to form O j.
Characters and Properties
a. This is a colourless solution.
distilled
c.
It
tests
mentioned under
"Purified Bismuth."
Quantitative Test.
2 fluid drachms mixed
with an ounce of distilled water, and treated with
sulphuretted hydrogen in excess, yields a black
precipitate, which, when
washed and dried,
weighs about
7 grains.
185
employed in the
astringents. They are either
or ointments
lotions
form of powder, or made into
of bismuth
preparations
2 Internally all the
astrinand
sedatives,
gastric
act mainly as
also
are
They
canal.
alimentary
gents to the
supposed to be nervine tonics.
Carbonate or
Doses Oi Oxide, gr. 5 to 15
Citrate of
or
Citrate
Subnitrate, gr. 5 to 20
13isLiquor
to
gr.
2
5
Bismuth and Ammonium,
i.
to
fl
3 i
muthi et Ammonii Citratis,
;
i86
MATERIA MEDICA.
CUPRUM-COPPER.
XXI,
General
following"
1.
Summary.
Cupri Niiras
2.
of Copper.
Nilraie
of Copper
Cu(N03)3H20.
Salts)
2.
Sulphate.
Nitrate.
By
dissolving
copper
in di-
lower than
70.
and
Sulphate.
Nitrate.
a.
crys-
a.
crystals
tals.
c.
Very deliquescent.
Highly corrosive.
rf.
With one-third
h.
crystallising.
b.
Has
deep blue.
a strong
styptic,
metallic taste.
of
its
c.
Soluble in water
in glycerine (i in 4).
A. The solution in
(i in 3);
water
is
The crystals
c.
slightly in air.
effloresce
CUPRUM
COPPER.
187
carbonates;
sulphates);
iodides
concentrated solution
the nitrate acts thus in a
when in a more or less dithey are astringent
luted solution.
2. Internally
the
i88
MATERIA MEDICA.
XXII.
FERRUM-mON.
General Summary. Iron and its numerous officinal compounds and preparations
may be conveniently arranged and discussed as
follows :
_
I.
Porms
'a.
d.
of.
Metallic Iron/
amount of oxide
2.
Perri Peroxidum
of Iron, Fe,03,H,0.
(a.
d.
3.
of iron.
Hydratum Peroxide
Simple
Iron.
Salts of Iron
Ferrous
Phosphate,
Fe3(POJ8H,0,
at least 47
with ferric phos-
per cent.
phate and some oxide.
;
Ferri Sulphas
Sulphate of
Iron,
FeS07H,0.
Feni Sulphas Exsiccaia Dried
FeS04,7H,0.
=
FERRUM
4.
Compound
\
Fern
or Scale Salts
of Iron.
IRON.
et
h.
Iron.
Fern
et
Quinines Citras
Citrate
fa.
i in 4.
solution of the above
Solution
Dialysati
Ferri
Liquor
solution
of Dialysed Iron.
of highly basic ferric oxychloride, orchloroxideof iron,
5.
Solutions
and
'.
Tinctures
containing
o/'/r(?=3r728grainsin fi3
Compounds
.
of Iron.
i.
in 4.
Solution
f. Liquor Ferri Pernitfaiis
of Pernitrate of Iron = 7 "865
grains in fl 3 I.
SoluLiquor
Ferri Perstclphatis
g.
tion of Persulphate of lion.
Tincture
h. Tinctura Ferri Acetatis
of Acetate of Iron.
i.
MATERIA MEDICA.
fa.
b.
Special
6.
c.
Officinal
Preparationscontaining
Iron.
made from
Emplastrum Ferri ;
Peroxide.
Misiura Ferri Aromatica
ArO'
inaiic Mixture of Iron
Heberden's Ink, containing Tannate
0/ Iron; made from Iron Wire.
Misiura Ferri Composila
Compound Iron Mixture Griffith's
i.
^j.
Vinum Ferri.
Vinum Ferri
Ferrum Redactum
A.
Citratis.
Reduced
Iron.
Ferric oxyhydrate
is
it
by adding
prepared
Solution of ammonia,
1 Distilled water, 5
cipitate; and drying.
^
iron,
\
J
^
"^^'^'"^
1
'
The
igi
PEROXIDE OF IRON.
The reduced
iron
is to
be enclosed
stoppered bottle.
in
a dry well-
b.
c.
It
Reduced
a.
d.
50
a flask and gently heated, leave not
more than 5 grains undissolved, which
should be entirely soluble in hydrochloric
\ Iodine,
in
acid.
combination.
B.
Peroxide of Iron.
^"^^
fl
Distilled water, O i
gradually to solution of soda, fl J 33, stirring constantly and briskly. Let the mixture stand for two hours, stirring occasioni
ally.
c.
and
wash it from sulphate of sodium.
Dry under 212, until it ceases to lose weight;
then reduce
it
to fine
powder.
192
MATERIA MEDICA.
destitute of taste.
insoluble in water, but dissolves completely, though slowly, with the aid of heat,
in hydrochloric acid diluted with half its
h.
It is
c.
It
d.
volume of water.
Heated to dull redness
is
in a test-tube
about 10 per cent, of moisture.
C.
it
yields
Sulphate. a.
Add Sulphuric
Iron wire, ^ 4
Distilled water,
h.
c.
in
acid,
fl
4, to
a porcelain dish.
When
to 212, until
'
b.
and dried on
exposure
filtering
to the air.
Saccharaied Carionale.
of iron, | 2
f Sulphate
iBoiling distilled water, C \
Carbonate of ammonium, J i\
with
Boiling distilled water, C ^
in a deep cylindrical vessel, with brisk
Mix
stir-
c.
clear solution.
d.
in
5. Phosphate.
Sulphate of iron, | 3
Dissolve I
Boiling
distilled water,
\
f
Phosphate of sodium,
When
30
1 2|
1 30.
between
and 130, add the latter to the former,
pouring in also a solution of bicarbonate of
100
sodium, If,
in
little distilled
water.
Mix
thoroughly.
c.
wash
MATERIA MEDICA.
194
I. Sulphates.
The sulphates of iron may be considered together, as most of their properties are
the same.
a. They present different appearances, namely
Oblique rhombic prisms, of pale
Sulphate,
greenish-blue colour.
Dried Sulphate.
powder, of greyish-cream
:
colour.
I.
c.
d.
liable to
become
Saccharated Carbonate.
a.
This
h.
colour.
It is soluble,
c.
3.
salt is in
Phosphate.
a.
h.
c.
in
hydro-
chloric acid.
Impurities.
arsenic in the
the saccharated carbonate
phate ; and copper in the sulphate.
special test is directed
Quantitative Tests.
;
iron in
to be applied to each of the salts of
protosalt
this group, to determine the quantity of
I95
some
acid;
It
Bichromate of Potassium.
hydrochloric acid
Sulphate,
in
42*
grains dissolved"^
sul- >
'
about 500
phuric acid
J
Dried Sulphate, 10 grains dis-")
solved in water acidulated with >at least igi
sulphuric acid
)
Granulated Sulphate,
grains")
dissolved in water acidulated >
with sulphuric acid
J
Pharmacy.
i.
The
officinal
500
preparations of these
will
lodide.^
their
carbonates
and acidulous
salts;
salts.
alkalies
lime-water.
02
and
MATERIA MEDICA.
196
D.
Source and Preparation. The scale preparations of iron may be considered together, as the
earlier and final parts of the process of making
them are similar in each case, and this may be
conveniently divided into three stages.
a. In the first part of the process ferric hydrate
is made, by adding gradually diluted solution of
persulphate of iron to diluted solution of ammonia, stirring constantly and briskly allovi^ing
;
the mixture to stand for two hours, stirring occasionally; putting the precipitate on a calico filter,
draining, and washing, to remove sulphate of
ammonium.
The proportions
used are
of the ingredients
case,
as follows:
different in each
Name
Liquor Ferri
Persulphatis.
of Salt.
Liquor AmmonijE.
Ammonium
Tartarated Iron
O2
O3
O2
"0
Severally
flgii
diluted with
water, 02.
fl8
fl.S4^^
The second
Citric acid,
^4
J
.
heated
hydrate
tojjj.gtiued ^'^^r, fl^ 8^^^^^^
by a water-bath, stirring until nearly the
,
(ii)
J.
sium,
in
powder, ^
2, in
a porcelain dish,
IRON.
COMPOUND SALTS OF
197
Citrate
(iii)
pared from 1
sulphate of quinine).
in small quanSolution of ammonia,
^
of
A?
a time-^
12
Distilled water, fl ^ 2 J
I
stirring briskly, and allowing the quinine,,
which separates with each addition, to dissolve before adding more.
c. The last stage of the process consists in each
case in filtering through flannel; evaporating to
a syrupy consistence; drying in thin layers on flat
porcelain or glass plates, at a temperature not
exceeding 100; removing the dry salt in flakes;
and keeping it in a stoppered bottle.
salts
The
common
compound
character that
of
Salt.
Citrate
u/
Colour.
Solubility.
Ueep-red.
Iron and
Reaction.
Taste.
Almost
Ammonium.
ble in rectified
spirit.
Tartarated
Iron.
Darker
deep-garnet.
In water
(i in 4).
Neutral.
Sparingly in
Slightly sweetis
and astringent.
spirit.
Citrate of
Irr.n
and
Quinine.
Greenish,
goldenyellow
;
lustrous.
igS
MATERIA MEDICA,
Those
ap-
may be
thus
1.
Remains
after incineration
Peroxide
of Iron.
a.
b.
Incinerated
of Iron and Ammojiium.
with exposure to air leaves about 30 per
cent., which is not alkaline to litmus.
Tartarated Iron.
50 grains incinerated at a
red heat, the product washed with water,
Citrate
and
again
incinerated,
grains.
weighs
about
15
of Quinine and Iron. Burned with exposure to air leaves a residue which, when
moistened with water, is not alkaline to testpaper.
2. Quantitative Test for Quinine in Citrate
of iron and quinine = 50 grains dissolved in fl^ i
of water, and treated with slight excess of ammonia, give a white precipitate, which, when dissolved out by successive treatment of the fluid
with ether or chloroform, the latter evaporated,
c.
Citrate
i.
Officinal
Preparation.
The
Am-
mentioned
Ammonio- Citrate.
:
Iron.
Citrate
_
their carbonates.
Qui?ii?ie.
IQQ
E.
These
liquid
made
a.
as follows
r Strong solution of perchloride ot
iron, fl| 6
Mix-|
:
J
(Distilled water, O2
stir into the mixture sufficient diluted
solution of ammonia to impart, after thorough agitation, a distinct ammoniacal odour.
wash the precipitated
Filter through calico
water; and
distilled
with
hydrate
ferric
and
b.
Add
complete solution
is
obtained,
filter
if
neces-
sary, and place the liquid in a covered dialyser ; then subject it to a stream of water in
the usual manner until the solution in the
dialyser
is
almost tasteless.
The
resulting
2.
(l)
Solution of persulphate ~|
>
of iron, fl ^ 5
Gradually add<
i
water,
O
Distilled
(
)
^ ammonia, fl J 8
3^1^
the
1
to
|
\ Distilled water, O
whole thoroughly, taking care that ammonia
C
a.
'
is,
even
as indicated
200
MATERIA MEDICA.
by the odour. Let the whole stand for 2
hours, stirring- occasionally
put it on a
calico filter, drain, wash the precipitated
ferric hydrate from sulphate of ammonium,
and again drain and squeeze it to remove
superfluous moisture.
Dissolve the ferric hydrate in liquefied
;
a.
clear solution.
Solution of Acetate.
(2)
j^j^
(3)
fl
j 5
fl
j 5
3.
Iron.
(l)
a.
I.
c.
d.
Iron wire, ^4
(3)
Soluiion
a.
h.
5.
^^^^
= after admixture.
\ Distilled water 4
Distilled water,
of perchloride,
2.
make O
\\.
h Mix I Jf.^*r^
r^
\ Distilled water,
this,
c.
a.
of Perchloride.
...
4.
20
warmed,
;
'
and add
to
^ 2 J
the solution of sulphate of iron.
fl
Concentrate
When
water,
Under
distilled
n.
this
head
202
MATERIA MEDICA.
Quantitative Tests.
The solutions treated
with excess of solution of ammonia, give a reddish-brown precipitate which, when washed, dried,
and
ignited,
Grains.
Strong solution of
acetate,
fl
i,
"I
The
= 57
= 5
= 15 to 16
= 2-6
= 11-44
solutions
Soluh'on
'
203
F.
Some
1,
Chalyheate Plaster.
Emplastrum Ferri
Me.oge.her{S";.S;t'}^^
oxide of iron, in fine powder,
mixture stiffens on cooling-.
i ;
and
till
the
2.
Mtstura
a.
Fej-ri
stir
A
.
c.
3.
<^
3.
204
MATERIA MEDICA.
in 5.
5. Pilula Ferri
a.
Confection or roses,
of
i.
Ag-itate in a strong:
phial,
froth
becomes
stoppered
Distilled water,
ill
50.
white
I,
Pour the
Digest in a
flask, slightly
Iron wire, i
heating, and occasionally
Iodine, 2
shaking, until the froth
Distilled water,
becomes white
h.
c.
Add
3.
Refined sugar, 28
| j^j^^.j,^^
^^'^^
and
of the
warm
syrup,
(This preparation
is
and
mi.x.
205
of
coil
iron wire
As
and mix
b.
Add
c.
measure exactly
8.
fl^ 12.
grey.
Made
in the
usual
in
way with
each.
Ironrefined sugar,
Vinum
Macerate
Ferri.
for
thirty
10.
Vinum Ferri
Dissolve
and
Cilraiis.
Deep-brown.
Citrate of iron
and ammonium,
Orange wine,
gr. 160
i,
206
MATERIA MEDICA.
As
external and local applications the solutinctures of the persalts of iron are
more or less powerful astring-ents and styptics.
Emplastrum Ferri is a useful plaster for giving1.
tions
and
support to a part.
As
sulphate of iron.
c.
antidote
in
is
employed as an
Some
of the
2O7
to 5
Lozenges,
to 6.
Hydrated Peroxide,
gr. 5 to 30.
to
30
Pill,
gr. S
to 20.
Granu-
to 5.
Tartarated Iron
Citrate of Iron and Ammonium Vgr. 5 to lO.
Citrate of Quinine and Iron
J
Solution of Dialysed Iron, 111, lO to 30.
Solution or Tincture of Perchloride, Vl 10 to 30.
Solution of Pernitrate, vi 10 to 40.
208
MATERIA MEDICA.
XXIII.
HYDRARGYRUM-MERCURY.
2.
Hydrargyrum Mercury
AUotropic
forms of
Mercuric
a,
h.
Oxide=HgO.
a.
HgCl.
3.
b.
c.
Hydrargyri
Salts of
Su5lima/e=}rigC]2.
Mercury
d.
lodidum Ruhrum
Red Iodide of Merctiry^Hgl^.
Hydrargyri Persulphas Persul-
phate 0/ Mercury=UgSO^.
e.
Am White Pre-
Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum
monialed Mercury
cipiiale=.'^UJr{gC\.
f a.
b.
c.
4.
drargyro.
Officinal
Preparations
containing
finely divided
Mercury.
d.
<
e.
Linimeulum Hydrargyri.
Pilula Hydrargyri Blue pill=
gr. I in 3.
Each
Supposiloria Hydrargyt i.
contains gr. 5 of Utiguenlu?n
Hydrargyri.
Utiguenkwi Hydrarg)>ri.
Ungtce?ilum Hydrargyri Composi-
'
MERCURY.
209
Liquor Arscnii
et
Hydiargyrt
il/-a<;j=Solution of Hg-^NOj
in nitric acid.
c.
A precipitate
of
Hg-Q with
lime-water.
5.
Special
e.
Officinal
Preparations
containing^
lime-water.
Oleatum Hydrargyri Oleaie of
Mercury.
Pilula Hydrargyri
Suhchloridi
Composita
Compound Pill of
Calomel Plummef's Pillzr.
of calomel in 5.
Compounds
of
Mercury.
Unguentum
Hydrargyri
Oxidi
Hydrargyri
Am-
Hydrargyri
lodidi
Rubri.
Unguentum
moniati.
J-
Unguentum
liubri.
k.
Citrine Ointment.
I.
Unguentum
Hydrargyri Nitratis
Dilutum.
VI.
MATERIA MEDICA.
210
A.
Hydrargyrum
Mercury.
fluid
and
mercury have
B. Oxides of Mercury.
Source and Preparation
Red or Niiric Oxide,
I
a.
Dissolve j^.,^.^
i
^^i^
I
|i,i,tilled water',
Y^^J^Xo
^ ^>|Cess
mercury,
c.
rtieraity
211
SALTS OF MERCURY.
2.
Fellow Oxide.
a.
c.
water- bath.
Appearance
a.
talline scales.
Yellow
,
oxide
b.
is
yellow
powder.
in
water; readily
into
C.
Salts of Mercury.
Source and Preparation. This part of the submay be best considered in the order in which
ject
Persulphate
""^^
Obtained by
direct comhiiiation.
{^IXricLTd, 11^12}^"
porcelain
stirring constantly until the metal disappears; then continue the heat until a dry white
salt remains.
vessel,
212
MATERIA MEDICA.
2. Perchloride
Corrosive Sublimate.
a.
b.
condensed.
is
some CI from
the
NaCl).
3.
a.
h.
c.
Suhchloride
Calomel.
Rub
Add
Hg3S04+2NaCl = Na,SO,4-2HgCl.
d.
Wash with
until the
4.
Red
Iodide.
Obtained
by
frecipilation
from
a.
Mix
aqueous
loiling
solutions of
Perchloride of mercury.
4 in O 3
Iodide of
^ 5 in
potassium,
I.
"When cooled
SALTS OF MERCURY.
c
213
Ammonialed Mercury.
^3
Solution of ammonia, fl | 4
water, O I.
Distilled
I
it with
Collect the precipitate on a filter; wash
under
dry
and
cold distilled water
Pour
this
solu- f
tioninio
NHp;
212.
be
(If the solution of ammonia
different
a
perchloride,
solution ot
added
to
the
compound
is
formed).
and
Characters
may be
Properties. These
Persulphate. a. This
is
a heavy crystalline
powder.
h.
It is
by
affusion of
water.
Chlorides. \\. will be useful to contrast the
two chlorides of mercury, one character they have
in common being that they are both heavy.
2.
Calomel.
Corrosive Sublimate.
water.
3.
Iodide. a.
line
colour.
MATERIA MEDICA.
214
I.
c.
4.
It
made
is
is
It is
c.
It
ammonia.
should yield 77-5
mercury.
g. It
Impurities.
The only impurity that needs special
notice is the presence of corrosive sublimate in
calomel.
ether shaken up with the impure
salt in a bottle, leaves a residue of the corrosive
Warm
sublimate on evaporation.
hydrocyanic acid.
Corrosive siihlimate.
215
PREPARATIONS OF MERCURY.
of Mercury.
D. Officinal Preparations
The numerous
officinal
preparations containin|
may conveniently be
mercury or its compounds
under three groups, namely
considered
Mercury.
Preparations containing free
colour
Hydrargyri.-^\^^
'i. Emplaslmm
gradually to
sublimed sulphur, gr. 8,
until they
stirring
gr.
56,
heated olive oil,
Add
h.
AdT^mercury,
o-lobules are
3,
and
no longer
triturate
until
visible.
Hydrargyro.
fied, is finally
-I
added.
Linimeniim ^^rar^rz.-
Mix
a.
solution of
ammonia,
RubJ Mercury,
together
Iglobulesareno
Confection of roses,
j forger visible.
and pouring
into 15 grain
i,
MATERIA MEDICA.
12 equal parts after cooling.
Each suppository
contains gr. 5 of mercurial ointment.
6.
^''^P^red lard,
together
16)- globules
cease
(Prepared suet, i
to be visible.
Unguentum Hydrargyri Composilum.
Mlv / Yellow wax, 7
,
^"^1 Olive oil,
by the aid of heat.
3
I
J
7.
")
b.
camphor, ii and
stir the
together.
8.
whole thoroug-hlv
^
in ^.
Preparations
away from
2.
the light.
b. Melt by
water-bath
c.
212,
until
cold.
Add
\^'^'?'''y^.i
(Nitric acid, 12
the Prepared lard, 15
|
(Olive
oil,
32
by gentle heat.
1
in
a large por-
J celain vessel.
while at about
PREPARATIONS OF MERCURY.
C.
217
Colourless.
Liquor Hydrargyri Perchloridi
of perchloride in fl3 i.
Contains gr.
rPerchloride of mercury, gr. lO
Dissolve -< Chloride of ammonium, gr. lo
(^Distilled water, O i.
(The chloride of ammo7iiiim aids solution).
1.
Hydrargyri Flava.
Perchloride of mercury, gr. i8
2. Lotio
f
j^j^
HgCl,-|-Ca2H0
Hydrargyri Nigra.
jSubchloride of mercury, gr. 30
j^j^
(Lime-water, fl^ 10.
3. Lolio
The
4. Olealum Hydrargyri.
Gradually add yellow
oxide of mercury, i, to oleic acid,
9, kept stirred
in a mortar, and triturate occasionally until it is
all dissolved.
Hydrargyri
5. Pilula
Subchloridi
Composita.
Bright-orange. Contains gr, i of calomel in
5.
Triturate ]
f "^^''^^'-y-
(Sulphurated antmiony,
[Powdered guaiacum
i.
resin, 2
Castor oil, i,
and beat the whole into a uniform mass.
(
6. Ungtienta.T\\<irQ are
five ointments made
from mercurial compounds, which may
be thus
arranged in alphabetical order:
a. Unguentum Hydrargyri
Ammoniati.
Ammoniated
mercury,
i
Mix I
\ Simple ointment, 3.
2l8
MATERIA MEDICA.
h.
(^Simple ointment, ^ i.
Unguetilum Hydrargyri Niiratis Diluttm.
Nitrate of mercury ointment, i
j^j^ J
\ Soft paraffin, 2.
d. Unguenium Hydrargyri Oxidi Ruhri.
c.
Meltl^^,::^P^^^ffi%|*
e.
Mix
Benzoated
lard, ^
i.
The effects produced by mercury and its compounds and preparations may be summarized in
the following way
I. Extetnal and local applications
a
a. The solution of acid nitrate of mercury is
powerful escharotic or caustic ; the red oxide
has a mild action of a similar kind, and so has the
perchloride, but it is not employed for this purpose.
perchloride of mercury is a valuable
h. The
:
to
ACTION OF MERCURY GROUP.
2ig
Calomel is generally
of inunction or fumigation.
used for the purpose of fumigation.
2. Internally only a comparatively small number
of the mercurial preparations are employed,
their actions may be thus indicated
a. They all act upon the alimentary canal,
and
and
purgative, some of them
intestinal irritation.
diarrhoea.
b. All
mercurial preparations which are administered internally have a marked alterative
action,
220
MATERIA MEDICA.
Red
221
LEAD.
Summary. The
officinal
compounds
I.
a.
= Pb(C,H30,)
'.
Salts
of,
Lead.
c.
d.
3H,0.
Carbonate of
Lead= sPbCOjPbO, H,0.
Plumbi lodidum Iodide of Lead
= Pbr,.
Plumbi Nitras Nitrate of Lead
= Pb(N03),.
Pluvihi CarboTtas
Emplastrum Plumbi.
Plumbi lodidi.
Subacetatis
Plumbi
SoLiquor
c.
lution of Sitbacetate of Lead
Goulard Extract =^
Pb,0(C,H30,),.
d. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis DiluGoulard Water.
tus
Glycerifium Plumbi Subacetatis.
A Pilula Phanbi cum Opio.
g- Suppositoria Plumbi Composita.
h. Unguentum Plumbi Acetatis.
a.
b.
3.
Special
Officinal
Preparations
of
Compounds
of Lead.
i.
Jk.
,,
,,
Carbonatis,
,,
,,
lodidi.
Glycerini
Plumbi
Subacetatis.
A.
Oxide of Lead.
Litharge.
MATERIA MEDICA,
222
l.
It
Pharmacy.
Oxide
some
B.
Salts of Lead,
powder,
in
Dissolve
a.
PbO+2HC3H303 = Pb2C3H30,+H,0.
evaporate
Filter;
b.
till
a pellicle forms;
4.
Nitrate of lead, I 4
Mixjf jjjg^mg^
a.
\ dissolved
J
by
Iodide of potassium, 1 4
Distilled water, O \.
Pb(N03), + 2KI=PbI,+2KN03.
.
^a.ter,
heat,
223
SALTS OF LEAD.
wash
b.
and dry
place.
The
in
it
warm
salts of
lead
1.
Sugar of Lead.
a.
b.
;
c.
alcohol.
d.
jelly with
e.
2.
3.
gum
mucilage.
Carbonate
White Lead.
a soft heavy white powder.
a.
This
b.
It is
c.
The powder
is
Iodide.
is
Nothing
blackened by H2S.
is
mentioned
in
the B.P. as
the characters of this salt, but it may be mentioned that it is a bright yellow powder, which
has neither taste nor odour ; sparingly soluble in
cold water, entirely in boiling water, being de-
to
224
4.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Nitrate. a. This salt
is in
octahedral crystals,
its
colour.
Quantitative T's.^t. Acetate. 38 grains dissolved in water require for complete precipitation
200 grain- measures of Vol. solution of oxalic acid.
Incompatibles.
acids,
C.
I.
and
Acetate.
their salts.
Pale yellow.
Boil together /^
^
,
,
Oxide ofr,lead, in fine powder,
5
gently by the
Olive oil, ID
heat of a steam
Water,
bath
5,
Melt
Lead
plaster, 8)
Resin,
and
Pale orange.
mix Powdered
[intimately
Pbmhi
of lead,
iodide
I.
Subacetatis.
3,
Glycerinu?ii
a.
M Acetate of lead, ?5
KitandJ uboil\^ .,
r,
Mix
a in powder,
a
z,!
,
lOxide of lead,
J 3:^
'
toraquarter<Qj
of an hour
h.
Filter;
pated.
and evaporate
until the
water
is dissi-
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS OF LEAD.
4.
a.
for half
constantly
stirring.
hour
Filter;
h.
22$
to
make up
7.
Suppositoria
Made
with
...
oil
Plumhi Composila.
theobroma
of
'
Opium, gr.
'
3
j
I.
8. Unguenta.
The several ointments containing
preparations of lead are made as follows:
a.
fine
powder,
i.
MATERIA MEDICA.
226
b.
c.
Unguentum Plumhi
Mix thoroughly J
in fine
powder.
gr. 62
[simple ointment, ^
Ungumtum
fine
lodidi.
[Iodide of lead,
d.
in
Glycerini
Melt j
P^'Sf
(Soft paraffin,
Plumhi
^ 18
of subacetate of lead,
mixture has cooled.
i.
Subacetalt's.
*en add
;
'
^ 4^,
and
stir
glycerine
*
until the
'
The
use,
sedatives.
subacetate
lead
is
A
is
act as local
made
with
astringents and
the solution of
a useful refrigerant. The iodide of
lotion
The
acetate
is
Lead
administered internally.
Doses
Opium,
gr. 3 to 5.
227
ZINC.
XXV. ZINCUM-ZINC.
Summary. The B.P.
and compounds of
General
following- forms
Zinc
the
Commerce.
of
rZmc.^
/,
Zinciim ^
(jranuLatiim.
Zinci Oxidum Oxide of Zinc = ZnO.
'..r
1.
recog-nises
zinc
11-
Metallic
Ziitcum
ry.
2.
a.
PrePrczparata
Calamina
pared Calamine Native Carbonate of Zinc.
Carbonate of
Zinci Carbonas
c.
Salts of
d.
Zinc.
e.
Chloridum
Chloride of
Zi?tcZnQA2.
Zitici Sulphas
Sulphate of Zinc
Zitici
= ZnSO
7H,0.
f. Zinci Sulphocarbolas
carbolate
of Zinc
Sulpho-
Zn(C6HsS0,) H3O.
Zinci ValeriaTias
Valerianate
Zn(CjHg03)2.
of Zinc
4.
Preparations
of
a.
Officinal
Compounds
of Zinc.
Oleaiuin Zitici
Unguentum
d.
,,
,,
,,
Calamines.
e.
A.
-Oleate
b.
c.
of Zitic.
Zinci.
Oleati.
Metallic Zinc.
Q2
MATERIA MEDICA.
228
compounds
Oxide of Zinc.
B.
Hessian crucible,
cooled,
sulphuric acid.
to
stoppered
When
product
bottles.
Oxide
be prepared
from
It is
C.
Salts of Zinc.
may be
this
heading
considered
in the
girder in
elutriation.
from gritty particles by
2.
SALTS OF ZINC.
229
direc/
combination.
r
a.
Add by
degrees
Hydrochloric acid, n 3 44
Distilled water, O
i
porcelain
to granulated^ zinc, lb i, in a
basin, and aid the action by gently warming
on a sand-bath until gas is no longer evolved.
Zn+2HC1
h.
= H,+ZnCU.
and allow
to
it
adding
on testing the
liquid,
it
be found
to
contain
rid of
must be got
c.
odour of chlorine.
d.
Add carbonate of
e.
Filter through
3.
Sulphate.
Prepared
direct
combination.
When
action
by heat.
Zn
+ H,SO,=ZnSO, + H,.
MATERIA MEDICA.
230
b.
If,
on
testing-,
the liquid
is
found
to
contain
as
c.
in preparing-
Filter the
chloride of zinc.
solution
evaporate
till
a pellicle
4.
it
double decomposition.
a.
b.
c.
10
Sulphate of zinc,
water,
distilled
O I,
Boiling
I
of sodium, 1 \o\\ stirring
Carbonate
J
1 Boiling distilled water, Oi, J diligently.
p
rour
Boil
perature.
5.
Valerianate.
Prepared
double decomposition.
a.
b.
c.
d.
peratures.
23I
SALTS OF ZINC.
(Acetic acid,
portions, to {i,igtiiied
h.
c.
fl
^ 3
linaflask
| 6[
Heat g-ently, and add by deg-rees more acetic
acid till the carbonate is dissolved.
and
Boil for a few minutes; filter while hot;
mother
the
Decant
set aside to crystallise.
set
liquor, evaporate to one half, and again
crysthe
dry
and
Drain
aside to crystallise.
water,
fl
peratures,
and crystallising.
Characters and Properties. In describing their
characters, the salts of zinc may be sub-divided
into two groups, namely:
rating-
A. Non-crystalline salts.
a. The carbonate of zinc
1. Carbonate.
is
a white
powder.
odourless and tasteless.
insoluble in water; soluble in diluted
nitric acid, with effervescence, and without
b.
It is
c.
It
is
residue.
3.
Chloride.
a.
This
salt
MATERIA MEDICA.
232
B. Crystalline Salts.
b.
c.
It
1.
2.
b.
c.
3.
b.
Acetate.
rescent.
It has a strong- metallic styptic taste.
Sulphocarbolatc
a. This salt is in tabular
crystals, colourless and transparent.
They dissolve in about twice their weight of
rectified spirit or
4.
Valerianate.
a.
The
valerianate of zinc
is
in
brilliant,
and pearly.
b.
They have a
and a metallic
taste.
This
salt is
milk.
D.
Liquor Zmci Chloridi.T\<\^ solution is prepared in the same way as the chloride, except that
filtered liquid
in the final part of the process the
the bulk of two
is evaporated until it is reduced to
1.
pints.
2.
Unguentuni Zinci.
3.
,j
Unguentum Zinci
4.
80, to
lard, ^i,)
)
and
till
stir
cool.
Oleati.
Mix by
n
i,j
and
stir until
nearly cold.
The
MATERIA MEDICA.
234
XXVI. ORGANIC
235
CHEMICAL PRODTJCTS.
A.
HCN
gas
Sulphuric acid, J
a. M1.K
water, fl ^ 4.
Distilled
I
Ferrocyanide
of potassium, | 2^
b When f
Distilled
water,
add
cool,
J 10.
I
f
fl
fl
c.
Distil
distilled water,
2K4FeCy6+6H,SO^=FeK,FeCy6+6KHS04+6HCy
Diluted hydrocyanic acid should be kept in wellbottles, tied over with impervious tissue.
The bottles should be inverted when not in use,
.and be kept in a dark place.
corked
liquid.
cooling
then irritating.
only slightly and transiently reddens litmus
paper.
e. Sp. gr. 0-997.
/. A fluid drachm evaporated in a platinum
dish leaves no fixed residue.
Impurities.
Sulphuric and hydrochloric acids.
The presence of a trace of mineral acid is said to
prevent decomposition.
c.
d.
It
MATERIA MEDICA.
236
Quantitative Tests
/lOOO
-require-J
solution of soda,
b.
no
grain-measures
of
Vol.
solution oj
Nitrale
Silver,
of
before a permanent
precipitate forms
Officinal Prepaj-alion.
l.
10 to 15
ill
Incompatibles.
Sulphurets;
of
salts
in
silver,
Action. Externally hydrocyanic acid is a cutaneous sedative, and is especially used for this
purpose in the form of cyanide of potassium, made
Internally it is a valuable gastric,
into a lotion.
an
antispasmodic.
Dose
y\\
2 to
B, Alcohol
8.
Amylicum Amylic
Alcohol.,
spiritu-;
237
It
d.
in all
oils.
the air in contact with platinumblack, amylic alcohol is slowly oxidised, yielding
valerianic acid.
e.
Exposed
to
C.
Rectified Spirit.
Spiritus Tenuior Proof Spirit. Diluted
Spiritus Rectificatus
rectified spirit,
MATERIA MEDICA.
238
5.
Gallici.
cream of
6.
Con-
Source and Preparation. This part of the submay be very briefly discussed.
This is made by first macera1. Absolute alcohol.
ting rectified spirit, O i, with carbonate of
potassium, ^ 2, for 24 hours, with frequent agi-
ject
be returned
been recovered.
to the flask,
continued until
fl,^
15
and
have
density.
^.
Proof spirit.
4.
Brandy.
5.
6.
Rectified spirit, 5
Mixj^^^^^^^^/
T\/r-
ivine.
ivine.
in
239
thus:
has evaporated.
to evaporate; are entirely volac. They tend
and are inflammable, burning
tilised with heat
smoke.
without
flame
with a blue
i Ethylic alcohol, 0797 to 0-Soo
d. Sp. gr. I Rectified spirit, 0838
Proof spirit, 0 920.
The several liquids remain clear when diluted
e.
with distilled water.
mixes in all proportions with,
f. Rectified spirit
water, ether, acetic ether, and amyl nitrite.
g. Rectified spirit dissolves ammonia, potash
iodine and.
(not the carbonate), soda, and lithia
bromine; sulphur; phosphorus; many alkaline
and metallic salts, especially those that are deliquescent castor oil
camphor and volatile oils;,
balsams; tannic and gallic acids; sugar and mannite; several vegetable alkaloids
and colouring
matters.
Tests.
In the B.P. special tests are applied to
ethylic alcohol and rectified spirit.
1. Alcohol ^o^?, not cause anhydrous sulphate of
copper to assume a decided blue colour, even after
the two have been well shaken together.
(This
shows absence of water).
2. Rectified spirit.
fl^4with 30 grain- measures
of Vol, solution of nitrate of silver, exposed for 24
hours to bright light, and then decanted from the
;
MATERIA MEDICA.
"240
^"^^ ^
^^^^ I
top-ether J
together
]
| ^gf^^g^j ^^gar, l\
water,
Cinnamon
rufl2.
J
^"dadd
[O^^^^^^Ha.
{French brandy,
Rnh
Kub
'
2.
The members
of
group are
alcoholic
the
Ethylatis.
b.
Rectified spirit is
constituent of:
used
(i)
Several Tinctures.
(ii)
Almost
all
in
preparing, or
and
is
the:
Essences.
the alkaloids, and santonine.
of several alkaloids,
Solutions
(iv)
in preparing :
used
is
spirit
Proof
Most Tinctures.
(i)
(iii)
c.
Most of
(ii)
d.
officinal
Wines, except
Of arge-wine AY'xnum Ferri Citratis,
e.
contained injVinum Quininse.
Action. Alcohol is an antiseptic, but is noti
therapeutically.'
definitely used for this purpose
of wine, it is!
spirit
Externally, in the form of
stimulantl
allowed
is
refrigerant, if evaporation
Somet
prevented.
is
evaporation
or rubefacient, if
:
'
of the
spirits
in
^THER GROUP.
241
BoseOi Mistura
D.
include
I.
of
The
in
2.
to 2.
the
B.P.
forms and
different
Ether recognised
volatile
^THER Group.
General Summary.
preparations
fl
and convolume of
free
Ether
i
to 2.
'
6.
1
C3H5C,H30,.
Source and Preparation
I.
'
ofEthyl
^M^r.
This
rectihed spirit,
MATERIA MEDICA.
242
the
continuous
etherificaiion
process,
of
which the
of
burnt lime, ? i, and chloride
the
remove
calcium, I 14- in a retort, to
reDistil into a closely-attached
water.
re1;ently
ceiver.
^THER GROUP.
^theris Compositiis.
4.
Spirilus
a.
Gradually
mix
b.
5.
36")
'
Shake
the
distillate
with lime-
Made from
\AA
Add
c.
fl
spirit,
b.
Sulphuric acid,
J
^"
Rectified spirit, fl J 40 J
let the mixture stand for 24 hours.
Distil until the fluid in the retort begins to
blacken.
c.
243
J
11
gradually
Sulphuric acid,
fl
rectified
? 2, to)
| R^^^^ified spirit, O i
and then add gradually Nitric acid, fl^ 2^.
Distil in a retort or flask with fine copper
wire, ^2, between 170 and 180, until
fl^ 12 have passed over into a bottle, it and
the condenser being kept cool with ice-cold
water.
Allow
the
contents
of the
retort
to
cool;
Made
6.
Mlher Acetutis.
a.
in
the following
way:
'
b.
Distil flj45.
R2
MATERIA MEDICA.
244
c.
Digest the
distillate
bonate of potassium,
which
is
afterwards removed.
The characters
Characters and Properties.
preparaethereal
and properties of the several
following
the
in
tions may be readily grouped
way
Spirit
1. They are colourless mobile liquids.
of nitrous ether may have a faint yellow tinge.
2.
They are
and pure
and are
The
Taste.
Odour.
Ether
Strong
and
sweet
fragrant.
Nitrous Ether
Agreeable
trating
Acetic Ether
Agreeable:
sharp.
ethereal; Burning.
cooling and
^THER GROUP.
4.
....
Spiritus yEtheris
Spiritus ^theris Nitrosi
^ther
Aceticus
=0-809
=0*840 to 0-845
about=o-900
.
Nitrous ether has a slight acid reaction usubut does not effervesce, or only feebly, when
shaken with a little bicarbonate of sodium. The
other forms should be neutral.
5.
ally,
sublimate freely
ingly; volatile
and
fixed oils;
many
resins
and
of Nitrous Ether.
agitated in a test tube with a strong
solution of sulphate of iron, if a few drops of
strong sulphuric acid are poured down the
side of the tube, a deep olive-brown or black
zone is produced, widening as the tube is
gently shaken.
2.
Spirit
a.
When
b.
Tested
when
246
MATERIA MEDICA.
freshly- prepared, seven
nitric
Pharmacy.
i. Ether \% contained in Collodion;
Collodion Flexile; and Tinctura Chloroformi et
Morphinse. It is also used in making Extractum
Filicis
Spirit
2.
in
Tinctura Lobelias-
^therea.
Acetic Ether
3.
is
used
in
pasticus.
Spirit
4.
Action.-
is
stances
as
powerful
diffusible
stimulant,
CHLOROFORM.
247
ill 20 to 60.
Spirit of Ether, ill 3 to 90.
Compound Spirit of Ether,
Doses Of Ether,
ill
30
to
fl3 2.
2.
Chloroform
Chloroformum
TeRCHLORIDE of FoRMYL^CHClj.
E.
Source and Preparation. Chloroform is prepared from chlorinated lime and rectified spirit, by
an elaborate process, of which the following- are
the essential parts
1.
first
Chlorinated lime,
Slaked lime, th 5
Distil, at
ib 10
(water, C
3.
When
well with
acid.
3.
Separate
with
the
chloroform
Chloride of calcium,
Slaked lime, ? 1
and
agitate
it
J 2
and re-distil by
the chloroform
4. Decant
means of a water-bath.
Add i per cent, by
;
248
MATERIA MEDICA.
sweet
taste.
neutral in reaction.
Sp. gr. 1-497.
It is
3.
4-
smoky
flame.
soluble in water (i in 200)
in alcohol
and ether in all proportions.
8. Chloroform dissolves most resins and fats;
fixed and volatile oils; most organic alkaloids;
iodine and bromine; caoutchouc and gutta percha;
benzoin; wax partially
sulphur and phosphorus
sparingly.
It is
7.
Test.
After
Pharmacy.
a.
Aqua
Officinal Preparations
Chlorofonyii.
Dissolve by
shaking
c
'
* )( r-y.-i
Chloroform,
3 x
^
a two-pint^ Stop--<
.,,
\.
i-,.
|D.stilled water, arr
fl^ 25.
pered bottle
d.
Linimen/um Chloroformi.
Chloroform,
Mix f r
^
f
u
( Liniment or camphor,
,
c.
^^'^
Chloroform,
I.
Spiriius Chloroformi.
,
d.
249
CHLOROFORM.
e.
Morphina.
r Hydrochlorate of morphine, gr. 8
Dissolve \ Oil of peppermint, 1U 4
Tinclura Chloroformi
et
(Rectified
.
J f
Chloroform,
^^^|Ether,fl3
fl
spirit, fl^ i,
2.
extract of liquorice,
\ Treacle, fl^ I
( Liquid
Mix
( Syrup, fl^
fl|
|
r
Action. Externally, chloroform may be employed as a cutaneous stimulant or rubefacient, especially in the form of liniment; and
when mixed with certain other drugs, it aids
This agent is chiefly
their absorption by the skin.
used, inhaled in the form of vapour, as a general
anaesthetic ; in small quantity, either alone or
with steam, it may also be administered in this
manner as a pulmonary sedative. Internally,
chloroform is chiefly used for its flavour, especially
as chloroform water, or as a gastric sedative,
pulmonary sedative, or antispasmodic ; in
large doses it becomes a narcotic.
Doses
Of Chloroform,
^^\
3 to 10.
Chloroform Water, fl J | to 2.
Spirit of Chloroform, nx 20 to 60.
Compound Tincture of Chloroform, 11x20
to 60.
ins
to 10.
250
MATERIA MEDICA.
loDOFORMUM
F.
IODOFORM.
CHI3.
Source
and Preparation.
The B.P. merely
regard to iodoform, that it is "A product of the action of iodine on a mixture of alcohol and solution of carbonate of potassium."
Characters and Tests
1. Iodoform is in shining-, lemon-yellow, crystalline scales
somewhat greasy to the touch.
2. It has a persistent and disagreeable odour
states with
and
flavour.
3.
on continued ignition.
6. Warmed with an alcoholic solution of potash,
and the resulting fluid acidified by nitric acid,
iodine
is
liberated.
Pharmacy.
a.
Offititial
Suppositoria
Preparations
lodoformi.
Made
with
oil
Action. Iodoform
is
of
of
9.
much employed
exter-
also administered
nally as an antiseptic.
that
it produces a
supposition
internally, on the
recomspecially
been
has
and
similar effect;
It
mended
in phthisis.
Bosegr. ^
to 3.
is
HYDRATE OF CHLORAL.
Hydrate
Chloral Hydras
=
C2HCI3O, H^O.
Chloral
G.
of
water.
air.
2.
They have a
odour
bitter taste.
(absence of HCl).
colourless
6.
It is
decomposed by
MATERIA MEDICA.
252
Quantitative Test.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Syrupus Chloral
= gr.
10 in
fl
I.
Dissolve
Action.
Externally hydrate
of chloral is used
Internally it acts
solution as an antiseptic.
in
and
H.
Source and Preparation. Butyl-chloral, produced by the action of dry chlorine gas on alde-
hyd
Butyl-chloral hydrate
is in
stalline scales.
has a pungent but not acid odour, resembling that of hydrous chloral; and an acrid nauseous taste.
2.
It
NITRITE OF AMYL.
3.
own
about 160.
does not yield chloroform when heated
with solutions of potash or soda, or with milk of
to solidify at
6.
It
lime.
Action.- Butyl-chloral
is
also
face.
Dose Gr.
I.
5 to 15.
liquid, of yel-
lowish colour.
2. It is very volatile
submitted to distillation
about 70 per cent, passes over at 194 to 212.
3. It has a peculiar, and not disagreeable odour.
4. Sp. gr. about o-88o.
5. Nitrite of amyl is insoluble in water
freely
soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
;
MATERIA MEDICA.
254
spinal depressant.
Dose
'tion.
^111
\ to
To be
internally
ill
NiTRO-GlYCERINI TaBLETS
GLYCERINE.
TABELLiE
by inhala-
2 to 5
OF
NITRO-
described
Dose
in
the B.P.
or 2 tablets.
J.
An
acid
distillation
or
obtained
and sub-
255
so.
ether,
of alkalies.
8.
It
9.
It
10.
a ray
ot polarised light.
Pharmacy.
i.
Officmal Preparations.
a. Acidwn Carboliciim Liqtiefacttim
Liquefied Carbolic Acid.
Carbolic acid liquefied by the addition
of 10 per cent, of water.
Characters.
This is a colourless or very
slightly reddish or brownish liquid, with the odour
and taste of carbolic acid. Sp. gr. 1-064 to 1x67
at 60.
It
dissolves
18 to 26 per cent, of
water
MATERIA MEDICA.
256
at 60,
Rub
c.
until dissolved
together
^
-[
^^""bolic acid,
(jrlycenne, 4.
cum Sapone.
Made
d.
Unguentum Acidi
Kir
1.
Melt and
..
stir
Carbolici.
together!f
I
until cold
Carbolic acid,
Soft Paraffin, 12
[Hard
Paraffin, 6.
i.
for
form of inhalation
septic purposes in
it is
much employed
aff"ections
for antiand:
throat
of the
respiratory organs.
Internally carbolic acid in small doses, or inn
the form of sulphocarbolate, acts as an antizymotior"
processes;
in the stomach, checking fermentative
remote*
and
immediate
an
as
used
and is also
it becomes a power-'
doses
large
In
antiseptic.
other grave re-i^
ful irritant poison, and produces
of thef
absorption
from
arise
also
may
suits, which
purposes.
antiseptic
for
applied
acid 'when
DoseOi Carbolic Acid, gr. i to 3 Liquefiedr
3.
Acid, ni
to 4.
CREASOTE.
Creasotum
K.
Creasote.
product of the
wood-tar.
i.
Creasote
is
liquid,
3.
Sp. gr.
4.
Creasote
freely
It is
and a
1-071.
is
by alcohol,
ether,
and glacial
acetic acid.
insoluble in glycerine.
5. It
is
misci-
any pre-
cipitate.
6.
Dropped on white
to 212,
it
filtering
8.
An aqueous
drop of a dilute
yields a green
reddish-brown,
dilute, giving a
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparaiions
Mislura Creasoti.
[Creasote, 11x15
IX
{Glacial acetic acid,
distilled
gradually add
i.
11115,
Unguenium
Creasoli.
Mix [ Creasote, 1
\ Simple ointment,
,
(bpiritofjuniper,fl 3 ^.
8.
s
MATERIA MEDICA.
258
c.
Vapor
Mix j
(
Creasoti.
g'-^,^^^^^'
Boiling- water,
8.
2, Incompatible.
Oxide of silver.
Paraffinum Durum
Paraffinum Molle
Hard Paraffin.
Soft Paraffin.
officinal,
carbons;
usually
obtained by distillation
from
shale, separation of the liquid oils by refrigeration, and purification of the solid product.
ing-
some of
petroleum.
It is
known
in
commerce by various
names.
Characters and Tests. These may be summed
up as follows
fanciful
Appeara7ice. VLd.rd. paraffin is colourless, semitransparent, and crystalline; soft paraffin is white
or yellowish, translucent, soft, greasy.
I.
PARAFFIN.
2.
I
5.
when warmed
Their reaction
r-
4.
259
Sp.
neutral.
is
f Hard = 0'82
gr.jg^f^ =0-84
Melli?ig (
Hard=
(Soft
to 120.
to 0'q4
to 0-87.
10 to 145
95 to 105 or hig-her.
Both varieties burn with a bright flame, leavno residue. The soft paraffin volatilizes without giving- acrid vapours.
6.
ing-
in
Pharmacy.
The paraffins
by solutions of
making
Action.
as they cannot
become rancid or
irritant.
s 2
26o
MATERIA MEDICA.
Section
III.
Vegetable
further.
To
cating -.a.
order;
and
3.
b.
d.
Thew
Their
To
c\\\ei characters;
actions
and
c.
Their pharmacy;
doses.
_
261
EXOGEN.'E,
I,
A. Thalamiflor^.
Nat. Ord. BAN'TTNCUIiACB.a:.
Aconitum
Napellus.
I.
Aconiti Folia.
fresh leaves
The
Indigenous.
recognized
Monkshood.
the
All
2. Aconellin, pscndAconiti Radix. aconitin, and other alThe dried root, col- kaloids.
lected in winter and
3. Aconitic acid.
expanded.
2.
Cultivated in
Britain.
Root also
imported from
Germany.
early spring.
3.
Aconitina.
Podophyllum
Feltatum.
American
may
Apple.
The
1.
zoma.
zome.
Podophylli Rhi-
The
dried rhi-
Podophylli Resina
Resin
of Podophyl-
1.
Podophyllin, the
officinal resin.
2.
Berberine, an al-
.kaloid.
2.
1.
2.
Podophyllotoxin.
Picropudophyllin.
262
MATERIA MEUICA.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Cimicifuga
Nature
Part
Plant or Product.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
of
CimicifngcE Rhizoma.
dried rhizome and
Kacemosa.
The
2.
Volatile
Resins.
rootlets.
3.
Tannin.
1.
oil.
(Actsea
Racemosa).
United States.
Delphinium
Staphisag^na
StaphisagricB Scmina.
elphinine
dried ripe seeds. other alkaloids.
and
The
Stavesacre.
S. Europe.
Hat.
Illicium
Anisi
Stellati
Star Anise
1.
Anisatum.
Friictns
Fruit.
Star Anise.
fruit.
The
Volatile
oil.
dried
2. Oleum
Anisi.
Volatile oil distilled
from the fruit.
China.
Nat.
Jateorhiza
CEUvunba.
Ord.
or
Columbo.
IESriSFZ:RIACi:.s:.
Cabanbce
The
Radix.
1.
Calumbine, aneu
versely,
Calumba
MAON'OX.IACE.a:.
Ord.
and
dried.
2.
Calumbic'
acid.
3. Bcrberine,
an alkaloid.
Forests of EastbeAfrica,
tween I bo and
the Zambesi.
ern
Form
yellow
salt.
Starch.
nut contain
tannic or gallic acid).
4.
(Does
263
Geographical Source.
Cbondodendron
Tomentosum.
1. Pclosinc or Cissampeliiie
a base, supposed to be identical
with Berhcrine.
bitter yel2. Resin
low matter; starch.
Brazil.
Papaver
Somnifermn.
in
Papaveris
Cap-
The
ripe tained
Garden Poppy.
Grown
1.
sula.
Nearly
dried capsules.
Minor.
Cultivated in
Britain.
2.
capsule, inspis
sated by spontaneous
evaporation.
3. Morphines Acetas.
Acetate of morphine.
ripe
Morphince Hydrochloras.
Hydrochlorate of morphine.
MorphincB Sid
5.
phas.
Sulphate
of
morphine.
6. Codeina. Codeine.
7. Apomorphince Hy4.
Alkaloids.
1.
Morphine
at
least 5 to 8, or g
to 12 per cent, in
a.
good opium.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Codeine.
Papaverine.
Cryptopine.
Thebaine.
/. Paramorphine.
6
g. Narcotine
to 8 per cent.
2.
Neutral crystal-
drochloras.
deri- line bodies.
vative
of
morphine
a. Meconin.
and codeine.
b. Narcein.
3. Acids.
a.
Meconic
per cent.
b. Thebolactic.
Other ingredients.
Extractive mat-
4.
a.
ters.
b.
Resin,
latile oil.
c.
Salts.
gum, vo-
MATERIA MEDICA.
Botanical Source
Name
01
of Plant.
Papaver Rhceas
Nature
Part 0
Plant or Product.
Officinal
Geographical Source
Rhceados
Petala
Morphine.
1.
The
Red Poppy.
Indigenous.
Acids; colouring
3.
matter.
Armoracia.
Armoracia
Radix.
Horse-Radisb. burying
it
Indigenous.
Cultivated in
decomposition.
Britain.
Brassica Alba
et Nigra.
1.
The
mijia.
seeds.
Fixed oil
in
both =
2.
Myrosine
in
seeds.
Indigenous.
3.
Sinapis.
The ash
both
fer-
Myronate of pot-
mustard.
seeds of black and
4. Sinalbin, a glucowhite mustard pow- side, in zy/u'/e mustard.
dered and mixed.
5. Sinnpin, an alkaOleum Sinapis. loid, in both, as a sul4.
Volatile oil distilled phocyanide = sulphowith water from black sinapisin.
3.
mustard
seeds, after
the expression of the
ixed
oil.
in black
265
POLYGALACE^.
=
Krameria
Triandra
and Ixima.
Senega.
dried root.
Two
Polygala
Senega.
Radix.
Krameria
The
Krameria Acid.
Rhatanin.
Acid =
3. Tannic
about 40 per cent.
1.
2.
varieties
1.
Peruvian.
2.
Savanilla.
The
Senegce Radix.
1.
Senegin or Poly-
Sugar,
&'C.
North A)nerica.
Nat. Ord.
Iiinum
TXsitatissimum
1.
Lini
Linseed.
I.lNA.CEm.
Semina
The
ripe seeds.
Flax.
Indigenous.
dried
1.
The
which
is
fixed
officinal
oil,
2. Lini
Farina
2. A peculiar ^Mm))j_v
Linseed Meal.
Lin- matter
or
mucilage
seed reduced to pow- in the envelope or
der.
testa of the seeds,
Lin- which is readily im3. Oleum Lini
seed Oil.
The oil ex- parted to hot water.
pressed in Britain from
linseed without heat.
GosBypimn
1.
Gussypinin
CutCotton is a modifiBaxbadense,
ton wool.
The hairs cation of lignin.
and other species. of the seeds, carded.
The other prepara2. Pyroxylin or Gun- tions
will be subseSouth America cotton
made from quently considered.
and India.
cotton-wool.
made
3. Collodium
from pyroxylin.
4. Collodium Flexile
made from collodion.
5. Collodium Vesicans
made from pyroxylin
266
MATERIA MEDICA.
ERTTHROXYLACEJE.
Wat. Ord.
Botanical
Source or
Officinal Nature
Part
of Plant.
Plant or Product.
Geographical Source.
Name
Erythroxylon
1.
Coca.
leaves.
Pent,
Coca.
dried
The
Nat. Ord.
STEBCTTLIACE^.
Oleum Theobromatis
Cacao
Cacao.
alkaloid, Cocaine.
CocaincB Hydro-
2.
Theobroma
The
o;
concrete
Butter.
oil,
Aa
little olcin.
obtained
Nat. Ord.
AVRANTIACEJE.
Citrus
1.
Bigiradia.
Floris.
Seville
and
Bitter Orange.
Citrus
Aurantium.
Sweet Orange.
South Europe.
Spain.
orange.
2. Aurantii
Cortex
Bitter-Orange Peel.
The dried outer part
of the rind of Citrus
Bigaradia.
oil
1.
3.
The
Aurantii Fructus.
ripe fruit.
of Neroli.
2.
Volatile oil.
Bitter extractive
Hesperidin
or
Au-
rantiin.
'
TABLE OF NATURAL ORDERS.
267
acid =
1. Citric
Succus 32"5 grains in fl i.
Limoiiis
2. Malic and phosThe
Lemon-juice.
freshly expressed juice "phoric acids.
3. Mucilage; sugar;
of the ripe fruit.
Citnis
Ziimonum.
1.
Iiemon.
The
ripe fruit.
salts.
South Europe.
2.
Limonis Cortex
from
Sicily.
1.
Volatile
2.
Hesperidin.
3.
littte
oil.
gallic
acid.
fresh fruit.
3. Oleum LimonisThe
Oil of Lemon.
oil expressed or distilled from the fresh
peel.
JEglo Marmelos.
Bael.
An
Fructus
Bclce
The
Bael fruit.
astringent prin-
Malabar and
Coromandel.
Nat. Ord.
Canella Alba.
1.
The
2.
Cortex
Resin.
Volatile oil.
Wliite Canella. dried bark, deprived of
3. Bitter extractive.
its corky layer.
(Does not contairj
West Indies.
tannic or gallic acid.
CanellcE
Canella
Nat.
Garcinia
nxorella or
Hanburii.
Gamboge.
Siam.
Bark.
Ord.
GTJTTirEIl.a!.
Gam- 1. Yellow,
acrid
gum-resin ob- resin Gambogic Acid
tained from the plant. = 75 to 80 per cent.
2. Soluble
gum =
from 20 to 25 per cent.
Cambogia
boge.
268
MATERIA MEDICA.
Wat. Ord.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
I.
The
Grape-Vine.
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source
Vitis Vinifera.
VITACEiE.
Uvce
Raisins.
ripe fruit, dried in
1.
Grape-sugar.
2.
Acid tartrate of
Spain.
4.
Fixed
oil, in
seeds.
Tannic acid,
seeds and skin.
5.
in
Gucdacum
Officinale and
Sanctum.
1.
Guaiaci Lignum
Lignum
Vitce.
Dowingo and
yatnaica.
2.
The
heart-wood.
St.
Wood
Giiaiactim
Gtiaiaci Resina
obtained
from
Wat. Ord.
I.
f.2.
3.
Guaiacic acid.
Guaiaretic acid.
Guaiaconic acid.
BUTACEJE.
Bcirosma
I. Buchu
Folia
1. Volatile
oil =
Betulina
Biiclni Leaves.
The about
per cent.
Crenulata; and dried leaves.
2. Bitter extractive
= Barosmin or DiosSerratifolia.
inin.
Succo
or
Buchu,
Cape of Good
Hope.
269
Pilocarpus
Fennatifolius.
S. America.
Galipoa
Cusparia.
CusparicE
Cortex
Cusparia or Angiistiira
bark.
The
1.
pilo-
Resin.
Neutral
bitter
dried bark. principle = C!s/ian' or
Angus tura
Bark Tree.
2.
Angusturin.
3.
Trace of volatile
oil.
Tropical South
America.
Ruta
Oleum
Graveolens.
of Rue.
Ruta Oil
The volatile
with water
from the fresh herb.
oil distilled
Rue.
'South of Europe.
Wat. Ord.
Picraena
Bxcelsa.
Quassia Lifrnum
1. Neutral
crystalQuassia Wood.
The lisable bitter principle,
wood
Quassia.
SIMARUBACEiE.
in
shavings, rasp-
ings, or chips.
= Quassine.
2.
Some
(Does
yamaica.
tannin.
starch.
not contain
270
MATERIA MEDICA.
Calicyflor^.
B.
BHAMWACEJE.
Wat. Ord.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Khamnus
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
Rhamni
Frangula.
Cortex
Bark.
FrangulcB
The
Frangula
Frangnlin, a glucoside.
dried bark.
Imported from
Holland.
Bhamnus
Rhamni
Furshianus.
Cortex
The
Purshiani.
Sacred
Bark.
Crystalline
1.
neu-
tral principle.
dried bark.
Resinoid bodies.
2.
Cascara
Sag^ada.
S. America.
Levant.
Island of Scio.
I.
Mastiche
Wat. Ord.
Canarium
Commune.
I.
2.
Mastichic acid.
Masticin.
3.
1.
little
volatile
oil.
AMYIIIDACE.5:.
Elemi.
crete resinous
tion.
Manilla.
Mas-
resinous exudation
obtained by
incision from the stem.
tic.
con-
exuda
1.
crystalline re-
Eleniin
sin,
= 2^
per
cent.
Uncrystallisable
per cent.
oil = io
3. Volatile
to 12 per cent.
2.
resin
4.
ter,
= 60
bitCrystalline,
neutral principle
to 2 per cent.
27I
Balsamodendron
IVIyrrha.
Myrrha Myrrh.
gum-resinous exudation from the stem.
I.
4.
I7at.
Gummifer,
= Myrrliin.
oil =
Volatile
Salts.
PapilionacEvE.
1. Liquorice
Glycyrrhiza Radix
sugar
Liquorice root.
The or Glycyrrhizinc.
root and subterranean
2. Asparagine.
stems or stolons, fresh
3. Gum; mucilage.
and dried.
resinous
4. Acrid
Indigenous.
Astragalus
like arabin.
Ord. I.EGVn!III(rOSJS:.
a.
Ziiqtuorice,
'Re.s,\n
3.
Abyssinia.
Glabra.
Gum,
Myrrhol.
Arabia and
Glycyrrhiza
1.
2.
oil.
Tragacan tha
gacantli.
Tra
Arabin
1.
A gummy cent.
from
the
53
per
2.
cent.
Asia Minor.
Cytisus or
Sarotliamnus
Scoparius.
Scoparii
Broom
fresh
Cacuniina
tops.
and dried
The
3.
Starch.
1.
Scoparin^a. neu-
tral principle.
tops.
2.
tile
Broom.
Indigenous.
Europe.
Fterocarpus
Pterucarpi
Santalinus.
Red
Red Sandal
heart-wood.
Wood
Lignum
1.
2.
Tree.
or
Santal.
Kino-tannic acid
small quantity.
3.
in
Ceylon.
Coroniandel.
Santalic acid
MATERIA MEDICA.
272
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Pterocarpus
Marsupium.
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
Kino.
Inspissated
1. MimaKino- or
from incisions in Catechu-tannic acid =
juice
the trunk.
75 per cent.
Kino Tree.
Malabar.
Mjrroxylon
Pereirae.
2.
Catecliin.
3.
24 per cent.
Balsamiim Periivia-
Balsam of Peru.
1.
Neutral
volatile
Cinnamate
of
A balsam exudingfrom Benzyl or Cinnanicin =
nuni
oil
3. Cinnainic acid=
6 or 7 per cent.
4. Styracinor Cinnamate of Cinnyl.
5. Resins, supposed
to be produced by the
Mjnroxylon
Toluifera.
Balsamum Tolntanum
Balsam of Tolu.
Similar to balsam of
also contains
Peru
;
Physostigma
Venenosum.
Physostigtnatis
1.
Faba
Western Africa.
volatile oil.
The
2.
The
Calabar
Bean.
dried seeds.
Physosiigmina.
alkaloid.
I.
Physostigmine or
b.
Botanical Source 0
Name
C/ESALPINE^.
Nature
Parto:
Plant or Product.
Officinal
of Plant.
Geographical Source
273
HcBmatoxyli
LigHaematoxylon
Campechianum. num Logwood. The
1.
Hcematoxyline, a
crystalline
substance
heart-wood, in logs or = g to 12 per cent.
2. Tannic acid.
from chips.
Imported
Campeachy in Central America,{vom
Honduras
and
3.
4.
Resin.
Colouring matter,
jfatnaica.
Cassia
Xianceolata or
AcutifoUa.
1.
Senna
Alexan1. A
glucoside =
Alexandrian Cathartine or Cathar-
drina
Senna.
fully
Imported from
Alexandria.
stalks,
and
sub-
with
chrysophanic acid.
dried.
3.
crystalline su-
Cassia Elongata
2. Senna
Indica
gar = Catharto-manor AngustifoUa. Indian or Tinnivelly nitc.
Senna.
The leaflets, 4. Traces of volatile
Cultivated in
dried.
oil.
Southern India.
5.
late of lime
Cassia Fistula,
Pudding-Pipe
2.
Tree, or
Purging Cassia.
J\ flilf}
J-tt
linn,
\.\/
vv .
Mucilage
60
and
pectin.
3. A substance analogous to tannin.
4. A purgative prin-
Tii/^iae
MILillcS.
ciple.
Tamarindus
Indica.
E. and
W. Indies.
Tamarindus
Ta1. Malic, citric, and
marind.
The pre- tartaric acids.
served pulp of the fruit.
2. Cream of tartar.
3.
Sugar;
gum
&c.
MATERIA MEDICA.
274
I. Resin
Copaivic :
acid = about 52 per r
cent.
Copaiva.
I. Copaiba
oil =
2. Volatile
An oleo-resin, ob- ^ about 40 per cent.
Trees.
Copciiva
tained by incision from
3. Soft brown resinthe trunk, or boring.
ous matter=ij to 2 2
W. Indies and
per cent., increasing!
Tropical A merica ;
\with age.
chiefly Valley of
2. Oleum CopaibcB
the Amazon.
Copaifera
Iiangsdorffii,
and other species.
Oil
Oil of Copaiva.
distilled from copaiba.
Andira Araroba.
Brazil.
The
Alexandria.
acid,l
in
and powdered.
C.
E. Africa.
Imported from
Chrysophanic
variable quantity,'
medullary matter of according to age and:
the stem and branches condition.
dried
Acacia Senegal
and other species
Chrysarobinwn
Chrysarobin.
MiMOSiE.
acid or
1. Arabic
Gummi
Acacia:
gum- Arabiii, combined \vit^
Acacia.
my exudation from the lime, magnesia, anc
potash.
stem and branches.
Gum
2.
Water = abou
17 per cent.
3.
Various
salts,
&c
Name
of Plap.t.
Var.,
Bitter
Amara,
1.
Almond
and
Bitter Almond.
ripe seeds.
Oil
.
Emulsine
2.
Amygdala Dulcis
Sweet Almond. The
2.
or ripe seeds.
in both,
an albuminous principle.
3. Sugar, gum, &c.
4. Salts, chiefly phos-
of Almonds. phates.
obtained by
a
5. Amygdalin
Sweet Almond. pressure, from either crystalline glucoside,
sweet or bitter al- in bitter almonds.
Amara chiefly monds.
When moistened,
from Mogadore.
amygdalin is acted
Sulcis, or
Nature
Part o
Plant or Product.
Officinal
Geographical Source
Prunus
Amygdalus or
Amygdalus
Communis.
ROSACEA.
The
oil
Malaga, and
Jordan
Almond.
<no\vn as
Brayera
Cusso Kousso. The
1. Koussine, a crysiAntlielmintica. dried panicles (chiefly tallizable principle.
of the female flowers).
2. Volatile oil.
Abyssinia.
3. Gum, sugar, &c.
Prunus
Lauro-cerasi Folia
]^auro-cerasuE, Cherry Laurel Leaves. dalin^^'"^'l
The
fresh leaves.
Cherry Laurel.
sine.
Indigenous.
Native of
as
b'"""
almonds.
Emul-"?
2.
3.
Sugar,
4.
fat,
little
&c.
tannic
acid.
Asia Minor.
Prunus
Bomestica.
Pruniim
The
drupe.
Plum-tree.
Imported from
South of France.
dried
Prune.
fruit
Glucose, about 25
1.
or per cent.
2.
Malic acid.
3.
Gum,
4.
pectin, &c.
Purgative princi-
ple of
unknown nature.
T2
MATERIA MEDICA.
276
Botanical Source or
Name
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Chief Constituents.
Plant or Product.
Officinal
of Plant.
Geographical Source.
Kosa Canina,
tus.
Dog
Kose.
hips.
2.
3.
4.
Ijidigenoiis.
Bosa
Centifolia.
The
and
Tannic
their salts.
acid.
Volatileoil attai
pe- of roses.
laxative princi
2.
tals, fully expanded.
tala.
Cabbage Kose.
and malic
Citric
1.
acids,
fresh
pie.
Indigenous.
3.
Cultivated.
and
Traces of
4.
Kosa
Gallica.
Ked Kose.
and
Red
1.
colour! rv
matter.
2.
dried.
tannii
gallic acids.
acids.
Indigenous.
3.
glucoside
4. Volatile
sugar, &c.
Wat.
DSelaleuca
minor.
oi Cajuput.
or
oil
distilled
the leaves.
Oil
The vola-
Moluccas.
Imported from
Bntavia and
Singapore.
Oleum Eucalypti
Oil
of Eucalyptus.
Globulus,
and other species Volatile oil distilled
from the fresh leaves
Australia.
ani
Hydrate of Cajupn
tene.
colourless 0
from obtained by
tion = about |.
Cajeput.
Eucalyptus
oil
Ord. iaYKTACE.a!.
Oleum Cajuputi
tile
Cajuput
Qiiercitrin.
Cultivated.
distilla;
Source or
Part of
Officinal Nature
of Plant,
Plant or Product.
leographical Source.
iotanical
Name
Caryophyllus
lAromaticus or
1.
Eugenia
Cloves.
Caryophyllum
The
dried un-
Active
'.
2.
and
Principles,
Chief Constituents.
1.
Volatile
per cent.
oil
2.
Salicylic acid.
3.
Resin.
.4.
Clove.
277
18
Tannin.
Oleum Caryophylli
Funica
Granatum.
iPomegranate.
1.
Punico-tannic
hark.
I he dried bark
of the root.
2.
Gallic acid.
3.
Mannite.
4.
Punicine.
Mediterranean
Coast.
Eugenia
Fimenta or
Fimenta
1.
W.
Oleum PimentcB
Coloc3mtliis.
Colocynth.
India, Levant.
imported chiefly
'
from
Smyrna,
Trieste, France,
1
and Spain.
Volatile
Fixed
3.
Resin.
^4.
Much
oil.
oil.
tannin.
from pimento.
Indies.
CitruUus
r.
2.
Oil of Pimento.
Oil
distilled
in
Britain
Kat. Ord.
Pimen-
dried unripe
fuU-grov/n fruit.
2.
lAll-spice-tree.
Pimcnta
The
to.
CUCURBIT ACEiE.
Colocynthidis Pulpa
Colocvnthpulp.
1.
Colocynthin.
A
glucoside.
Colocynthitin
The crystalline
dried
peeled
fruit,
2.
freed from the seeds. crystalline.
3. Bitter resin.
bitter principle.
4.
5.
Salts.
278
MATERIA MEDICA.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Ecballium
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source
Fructus
Squirting Cucumber
Ecballii
1.
Elaterium.
The
fruit.
Squirting
fruit,
Cucumber.
Southern Europe
sediment
from
the
juice of the squirting
I. Elaterin, elatiii,
or momordicine, the
active principle, not
less
than 20 per
cucumber
cent.
Elateritan.
2.
fruit.
Elaterimun
3.
2.
Green
resin.
Elaterin.
The active
principle of elaterium.
Ord. TTIVtBEI.I.IFER.a:.
I?at.
Conium
XSaculatum.
Spotted
Hemlock.
Indisrcnous.
1.
Conii
Folia
1.
Conine, a volatile
2. Methyl-conine,axii
gathered alkaloid.
branches,
British
wild
3. Conic acid, comfrom
plants, when the fruit bined with Conine.
ai
begins to form.
4. Conhydrine,
base.
2. Conii Fructus
The
gathered when
Hemlock Fruit.
fruit,
5.
Non-poisonous s
developed, but
green, and
fully
while
still
carefully dried.
Anethum
Graveolens.
1.
Ancthi Fructus
Dill Fruit.
2.
Oil
The dried
fruit.
DHL
Oleum Anethi
Dill.
The
of
volatile oil distilled in
Central and
Southern Europe. Britain from the fruit.
Cultivated in
^
Britain.
liquid alkaloid.
Volatile
oil.
279
iBotanical
Name
of Plant.
Fimpinella
Anisiun.
1. Anisi Fructus
The
Fruit.
Anise
dried fruit.
Anise.
2.
Oleum Anisi
of Anise.
Europe.
tilled in
The
Volatile
oil.
Volatile
oil.
Volatile
oil.
Volatile
oil.
Oil
oil dis-
Europe from
the fruit.
Caztim Carui.
Carui Fructus
1.
Caraway
Caraway.
dried fruit.
Oleum
2.
Indigenous.
The
Fruit.
Carui
The
Oil of Caraway.
Mid-Europe.
Cultivated in
Ens;land and
Germany.
Camm Ajowan.
India.
Coriandrvun
Sativum.
Coriander
The
Coriander.
Indigenous.
Etirope.
Fennel.
I
Southern Europe.
Fruit.
Oleiim Coriandri
Oil of Coriander.
2.
The
volatile
tilled
the
Fceniculum
CapiUaceum.
Fruc-
Coriandri
1.
tus
oil
in Britain
dis-
from
fruit.
Fceniculi Fructus
Fruit.
The
ripe fruit of cultivated
plants, dried.
Fennel
280
MATERIA MEDICA.
Botanical
Name
of Plant.
Geographical Source.
Dorema
Ammoniacum.
Punjaub and
Persia.
Ammoniacum.
A 1. Resin = about
gum-resinous exuda- 70 per cent.
tion from the stem,
2. Gum = about 20
after being punctured per cent.
by beetles.
Volatile oil =
3.
about 4 per cent.
Resin
1.
65
per
cent.
Gum =
2.
per
25
cent.
3.
Afghanistan and
the Punjaub.
Ferula
ly
=
Galbanum.
gum-
Galbaniflua,
resin.
and other species.
Volatile
oil,
chief-
Sulphide of Allyl
about 4 per cent.
1.
Resin
about 65
per cent.
2.
Gum.
India
Levant.
Ferula or
Euryang^um
Sumbul.
Sumbul
Radix
Sumbul Root.
The
1.
Balsamic resin =
dried transverse
tions of the root.
sec-
2.
9 per cent.
Volatile oil.
3.
Umbelliferone.
Musk Boot.
Central Asia.
C. COROLLIFLOR/E.
Hat. Ord. CAFIlIFOZ.IACZ:JE.
Sambucus
Nigra.
Sambuci
Flores
Elder Flowers.
fresh flowers.
Elder.
Indigenous.
The
Volatile
oil.
281
BXTBIACEiE or CINCHONACEJE.
Catechu - tannic
1.
Catechu. An extract
of the leaves and3'oung acid.
2. Catechin or Cateshoots.
chuic acid.
XTncaria
Gambler.
Singapore.
3.
4.
Cincbona
Cali-
saya, Officinalis,
Iiancifolia,
other species.
1.
Cinchona
Cortex
CinchonaBark.
The
hhas
CinchonidincE Sul-
1.
Sulpliate of Cin-
etc.
3.
hhas
CinchonincE
b.
Hydro-
Sulphate of Quinine.
CtnchoncB
RubrcE
Cortex Red Cinchona
Bark. The dried bark
Cinchona. of the stem and branches
of
cultivated
India.
plants.
Cincliozia
Succirubra.
Cephaelis
Ipecacuanha.
Ipecacuanha.
Brazil.
Sul-
Sulphate of Cin-
may
Alkaloids.
Quinine, chiefly
in yellow bark,
a.
Bed
Mucilage.
Extractive matter.
c.
Ipecacuanha.
The
Cinchonine,
chiefly
in
pale
bark.
!-
Cinchonidine.
Acids.
a. Quinic.
b. Cincho-tannic.
c. Cincho-fulvic.
d. Quinovic.
d.
2.
dried root.
per cent.
Quinidine.
3.
Tannin.
4.
Starch, gum,
oil,
etc.
Emetine, a feeble
almost entirely in the bark=
about I per cent.
2. Cephaelic or Ipecacuanhic acid.
1.
alkaloid,
282
MATERIA MEDICA.
ITat.
VAIiERIANACEJE.
Ord.
Botanical
Source or
Officinal Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
of Plant.
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Geographical Source.
Name
Valeriana
ValeriancB
Valerian
Officinalis.
Rhizoma
Rhizome.
rhizome
and
The
Volatile
1.
oil
to 2 per cent.
Valerian.
rootlets
Indigenous.
Ord. COnXFOSITJE.
irat.
Anthemis
1.
Chamomile Flowers.
ITobiliB.
Indigenous.
2.
oil.
2.
Bitter extractive.
3.
Tannin
in
small
quantity.
Oleum Anthcmidis
Oil
The
of Chamomile.
volatile
oil,
dis-
Britain from
the ilowers.
tilled
Arnica Iffontana.
in
ArniccB
Rhizoma
1.
Arnicin
bit-
Mountainous
Central
parts
of
and
Souther
71
Europe.
Xactuca Virosa.
Lactuca
The
Wild
Lettuce.
Lettuce.
flowering herb of
the wild plant.
2.
Latucic acid.
Lactucin ? crystal-
3.
Lactucone>
1.
line.
Bitter extractive.
5. Resin, sugar, &c.
4.
Indigenous.
283
Geographical Source.
1. Resins = PyrcthRadix
Pyrethri
The rin or Pyrethric Acid ;
PeUitory Root.
and another.
dried root, in pieces.
Anacyclus
PyrethmTH.
PeUitory of
2.
Spain.
3.
Tannin, gum,&c.
Yellow, acrid oil.
Morocco; Spain;
Levant.
Artemisia
1.
nxaritima.
dried
The
Santonica.
flower-heads or capiRussia.
tula.
2.
1.
S antonin = 1^
2.
per cent.
Volatile oil.
unexpanded
Santoninum
Santonin.
to 2
crystal-
line principle.
The
Dandelion Root.
Officinale.
fresh
and dried
Indigenous.
plants.
IiObelia Inflata.
Bitter extractive.
Taraxacin, a crys-
Dandelion.
Nat. Ord.
1.
2.
Resin, &c.
3.
IiOBEUACEiE.
Lobelia.
The dried 1. Lobelic
flowering herb.
volatile oil.
Indian Tobacco.
2. Lobeli)ie,
tile
acid,
a vola-
liquid alkaloid.
N. America.
Nat. Ord. RICACE.S:.
Arctostaphylos
Uva
TTrsi.
Bearberry.
Europe.
Indigenous.
leaves.
From
indigenous plants.
2.
Gallic acid.
284
MATERIA MEDICA.
Nat. Ord.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
SAPOTACEiE.
=
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
Sichopsis Gutta,
Gtitta Percha.
The 1. Gutta
and several other dried concrete juice. cent.
trees.
2.
80
per
Resins.
Borneo; Stimatra.
Ord.
HTat.
STYRACACEJE.
St3n:ax Benzoin,
1. Benzoinum
Benand other species. zoin. A balsamic resin,
exuding from incisions
Benjeimin Tree. made in the bark.
2. AcidHin Benzoicum
Eastern
Benzoic Acid. The
Archipeligo
acid
obtained
from
Siatn ; Sumatra. Benzoin by sublima-
/I.
1
2.
1.3.
Benzoic acid=io
to 20 per cent.
Cinnamic acid.
Resin.
tion.
TEBN'STB^raiACE.S:.
Nat. Ord.
Camellia Thea.
Caffeina
1.
feine,
Tlie
Tea Plant.
Theine
Caf-
(also
called
and
Guara-
nine).
An alkaloid obtained
from the dried leaves
Coffea Arabica. also from the dried
seeds ol Coj^ea AraChina.
bica.
2. Caffeina Citras
Citrate of Caffeine.
Olea Eviropsea.
Oleum
Oil.
Olive.
S. Europe.
Oliva:
Olive
285
Botanical
Name
of Plant.
Traxinus Omus.
Calabria;
suo;ar.
APOCYNACBJE.
Wat. Ord.
Gelsemium
Gelsemiunt.
rhizome
dried
NitidTim.
The
I.
Gelsemine, an al-
and kaloid.
2.
rootlets.
Gelseminic acid.
Yellow Jasmine.
S. America.
Hemedesmus
Heniidesmi
Hemidesmtts
Indicus.
The
Radix
Hemidesmic
acid.
and crystal-
Root. Volatile
dried root.
lizable.
Indian
Sarsaparilla.
India.
rrat.
Strycbnos
Nux Vomica.
liOGAmACEJC.
Ord.
1.
I.
Nux
2.
Vomica.
seeds.
4.
Tloids.
j
-
2. Strychnina.
An alkaloid obtained
from Nux Vomica.
East Indies.
GENTIANACE.S:.
Nat. Ord.
Opbelia Cbirata.
Chirata
Chirctta.
1. Ophelic acid.
entire plant, col2. Chiratin = a bitlected when the fruit ter resin.
begins to form, and
dried.
The
N. India.
3. Igasitrine
Cbiretta.
Strychnine
Brucine
286
MATERIA MEDICA.
Botanical Source or
Name
Gentiana
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
of Plant.
Geographical Source.
Xiutea.
GentiancB
Radix.
The
Gefitian Root.
dried root.
Gentian.
Gentianic
1.
Gentianin.
2.
tral, crystalline.
European
Neu-
The
active principle.
oiintciins.
OUgdi, VUiatllcOll,
Pyrenees.
gum.
irat.
Ipomoea or
Exogonituu
Purga.
Jalap.
Mexico.
Resin = about 18
per cent.
The dried tubercules. 2. Sugar,
starch,
gum, &c.
2. jfalapa; Resina
/i. Convolvulin.
An
acid glucoside.
Exfalap Resin.
tracted from jalap, by 2. Jalapin or Jalameans of rectified
pic acid.
A resin
Jalapa
1.
'I.
Jalap.
.soluble in ether.
spirit.
Convolvulus
Scammonia.
I.
Ra-
Scainmonice
1.
Scammony
dix
Scammony.
Syria.
acid.
Crystalline.
The
Root.
Scammonium
2.
Scammony.
root,
hardened
in
the
air.
gum-
sina
dried root.
Scammony
Resin
about 4
per cent.
2. Gum = 6 per cent.
3. Sugar, starch, extractive, &c.
1.
Resin
per cent.
2.
Gum.
80 to 90
soil
287
ANACE JE.
Capsicin =
1.
Cstpsicuzii
Capsicum Fruit.
Fastigiatum.
The
talline alkaloid
tile,
crysvola-
acrid.
Red
2.
Chillies.
ti
;
colouring
matter.
Zanzibar.
Nat. Ord.
Atropa
Deadly
Night-Sbade.
Indigenous.
root is
imported
also
in a
Germany.
Belladoniice Folia.
The fresh leaves
and the branches to
which they are attached.
b. The leaves separated, carefully dried,
I.
Belladonna.
The
ATBOFACEiE.
a.
gathered in June
the fruit has
begun to form, from
wild or cultivated
plants in Britain.
2. BelladonncB Radix
Belladoima
Root.
when
I.
tive
all
\
3.
Atropina
Atro-
The
alkaloid
pine.
pine,
2.
alkaloid,
in
parts.
Asparagine, in the
leaves.
3.
Belladonin,
amorphous
an
288
MATERIA MEDICA.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Hyoscyamus
Niger.
Hyoscyami Folia
Hyoscyamus Leaves.
Indigenous.
1.
Hyoscyamine, an
alkaloid.
The
fresh leaves
flowers, with
the
branches
to
which they are at-
a.
Henbane.
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
2.
Malic acid.
and
tached.
Collected
from biennial plants,
growing wild or cultivated in Britain,
when
about
two -
Datura
Stramonium.
Stramonii
Styamoniuvi
i lie
Semina
I.
Daturine, an alka-
Seeds. loid.
uiicci iipc bCCUb*
Thorn Apple.
Indigenous.
mcotiana
Tabacum.
Tabaci Folia
bacco
Leaves.
^ToThe
1.
Nicotine, a colour-
Nicotianin, a con-
crete volatile
Tobacco.
oil.
Tropical America.
ITat.
Digitalis
Purpurea.
Poxglove.
Indigenous.
Ord.
SCIlOFHTrZ.ABIACE^.
1. Digitalin, a bitter,
Folia
Digitalis
Digitalis Leaves. The neutral, non-nitrogenleaves. Collected from ized principle, a gluplants coside.
wild British
2. Digitalein, bitter,
of the second year's
growth,
two-thirds of flowers
are expanded.
Botanical Source
Name
oi
of Plar^t.
jeographical Source
Ord. IiABIATiE.
OfBcinal Nature
Part 0
Plant or Product.
Oleum LavandnlcE
Lavandula Vera.
289
Ziavender.
tain
Indigenous.
nentha Piperita.
1.
heritcE.
Peppermint.
Mentha
Arvensis.
Indigenous.
Oil of Pepper-
mint.
I.
Menthol.
plants.
lentba Viridis.
Oleum Mentha
dis
Spearmint.
Indigenous.
Kosmarinus
Officinalis.
Bosemary.
Oleum Rosmarim
Oil of Rosemary.
Vo-
from
S. Europe.
Thymus
Vulgaris.
Thyme.
Indigenous.
li-
MATERIA MEDICA.
2go
D. MONOCHLAMYDE^.
Nat. Ord. POLYGONACE^.
Botanical Source or q
Name
fficinal
of Plant.
Geographical Source.
Clirysophanic acid.
Oxalate of linie =
5 to 40 per cent.
Kheum
1.
Falmatum,
2.
iried.
Tannic and
3.
I
gallic
icids.
Rhubarb.
4.
A bitter substance.
Resin.
5.
China, Chinese
Tartary, and
Thibet.
Ord.
Wat.
Daphne
SSezereum
THYMELACE^.
Cortex
Mezerei
Mezercon Bark.
or
1.
dried bark.
Iiaureola.
Daphnin, a crys-
2.
glucoside.
Volatile oil.
3.
Acrid resin.
The tallizable
Spurge Laurel.
Central Europe.
Ord.
Wat.
nSyristica
rragrans.
Nutmeg.
Eastern
Archipelago.
I.
MYBISTICACE^.
Myristica
Nitt-
The kernel
\mcg.
'the seeds, dried.
f I.
Britain from
3.
Oleum
ir
nutmegs
Myristicc
Fatty
1
2. Oleum Myristica
Oil of Nutmeg. The
Volatile
oil.
oi
Express
Imported fron1 Expressum
/
Sumatra, and th ted Oil of Nutmeg.
oil obtaine i
concrete
Islands.
Molucca
from nutmeg by ex
Ipression and heat.
acids,
esi:
pecially Myristicim
Ord.
2Q1
XiAUBACEiE.
CamCampliora
A stearoptene
obtained
from
the
Campbor Plant. wood, and purified in
this country by subliChina ; yapan. mation.
flinnaTnoTniTm
Camphora.
phor.
Cinnamomum
Zeylanicum.
1.
tex
Cinnamomi
Cinnamon
The
Cinnamon.
CorI.
Bark.
bark of
inner
shoots from the truncated stocks, dried.
Ceylon.
2.
mi
tilled
oil.
3.
4.
Resin.
Oleum Cinnamo-
Oil of
The
Volatile
Tannic acid.
Cinnamic acid.
.2.
Cinnamon.
volatile
oil
dis-
from cinnamon
bark.
Nectandra
Kodiaei.
Bebeeru or
Greenbeart
Tree.
British Guiana.
Sassafras
Officinale.
N. America.
Nectandra Cortex
Bebeeru
Bark. The
f I.
1.
dried bark.
2.
3.
Beberina
alka-
Nectandra S loids.
Tannic acid.
Resin, &c.
BeberincB Sulphas
Sulphate of Beherine.
Prepared from the Bebeeru bark.
2.
Sassafras Radix
r. Volatile oil.
Sassafras Root. The
2. Tannic acid.
dried root, in chips or
colouring
3. Red
shavings.
matter.
U 2
MATERIA MEDICA.
2g2
Aristolochia
Serpentaria
ScrpcntaricE Rhizoma
Scrpentary Rhizome.
1.
2.
Volatile
Resin.
oil.
United States.
Nat.
Croton Eluteria.
Cascarilla.
Ord.
ETJPHOBBIACEJE.
Bahamas.
Croton Tiglium.
Croton Oil
Flant.
3.
Tannic
acid.
4.
Volatile
oil.
fatty
1. Ordinary
Crotonis
Oleum
The oil acids.
Croton Oil.
butyric,
2. Acetic,
expressed in Britain
valerianic acids.
from the seeds.
3.
and
Tiglinic
cro-
tonic acids.
East India.
Kamala. A powder
KEallotus
Pbilippinensis. consisting of minute
glands and hairs obtained from the surWurrus.
1.
= 80
'Resin = Rottlcrin
per cent.
2.
Tannic
acid.
3.
Volatile
oil.
India.
Bicinus
Communis.
Oleum Ricinis
tor Oil.
The
Cas-
1.
oil ex-
2.
oleate.
E. India and
America.
Ricinate'
Ricin-
3.
of glycerine.
Ricinstearate.
4.
Acrid res
n.
Ord.
Nat.
293
Fiper Cubeba.
Cubeba
1.
Cubebs.
2.
full- }
line, inert.
3.
jfava.
Cubcbic acid.
Resin, gum, &c.
Oleo-Resina CuOleo-Resin of
Cubebs.
Obtained
from cubebs by means
2.
beba
of ether.
3.
Oleum
CubebcB.
The
cubebs.
Piper
Angus tifolium.
JMatico.
resin.
Peril.
acid.
Trace of tannic
3.
Piper Nignun.
Piper
Black Pepper.
1.
Acrid resin.
The
2.
Volatile
3.
Pz/cnn = neutral.
Nis;rtim
Black
Pepper.
dried unripe fruit.
oil.
E. Indies.
Nat.
SXorus Nigra.
Mulberry.
MOKACEJE.
Indigenous.
Ord.
1.
Sugar.
2.
Malic acid.
3.
Gum,
salts,
&c.
pectin,,
MATERIA MEDICA.
294
Botanical Source or
Name
Ficus
Nature
Part of
Plant or Product.
Officinal
of Plant.
Geographical Source,
Ficus
Csirica.
Fig.
The
cilaginous matters.
dried fruit.
Pig Tree.
Smyrna.
Nat. Ord. CANN'ABin'ACE.a:.
Cannabis Sativa.
India.
Htunulus
Hop.
1.
Volatile
catkins or
2.
Lupulus
1.
The
IiUpillUS.
dried
oil.
3. Tannic acid.
A 4. Lupulite or HuLttpulin.
glandular powder ob- mulin, a bitter princitained from the stro- ple.
strobiles.
Kop.
2.
Indigenous.
biles.
Nat.
Salix Alba,
and other species.
Ord.
SAIiICACEiE.
Salicinum Salicine.
crystalline
side,
gluco-
from
obtained
the bark.
Willow.
Indigenons.
Wat.
Ord.
CirPTTLirEILff:.
Common Oak.
Indigenous.
Querctis Bobur.
growing
in
col-
Bri-
1.
2.
Qucrco-tannic acid.
Sugar, pectin, &c.
2g5
Quercus
I.
1.
Tannic
acid=25
Iiiisitanica.
Gall or
Dyer's Oak.
Asia Minor.
2. Acidum Gallicum
PreGallic Acid.
pared from galls.
3. Acidum Tannicum
ExTannic Acid.
tracted from galls.
Nat.
Iiiquidambar
Orientalis.
Asia Minor.
Ord.
LIQinDAMBABACEiE.
Styrax Pmparatus
A
Prepared Storax.
balsam prepared from
the
fied
fied
1.
Resin.
2. Volatile oil
ing.
Nat.
Santalum
Album.
India.
Ord.
SANTAI.ACE.S:.
Oleum Santali
of Sandal-wood.
oil
= Si>'-
rol.
distilled
wood.
Oil
The
from the
296
MATERIA MEDICA.
Gymnosperme^.
E.
CONIFERiE
Nat. Ord.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Juniperus
Oleum
jfuniperi Oil
Volatile
distilled in Britain
of Juniper.
oil
Jimiper.
PUSACHm.
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Constituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
Communis.
or
from
the full-grown
unripe green fruit.
N. Europe.
JTuiiiperus
Sabina.
Savin.
1.
Cncumina
Tops.
The
fresh and dried tops,
2.
Resin.
collected in spring.
2.
Indigenous.
ScibincE
Savin
Oleum SabincB
The
Oil of Savin.
oil
Britain
from the fresh tops.
distilled
Finus
Iicirix.
Iiarch.
Europe.
in
1.
Turpentine.
2.
Gum.
Laricis
Cortex
Pix Burgundica
Finus Ficea or
Abies Excelsa. Burgundy Pitch.
Spruce Fir.
1.
Resin.
2.
exudation
resinous
from the stem, melted
and strained.
Switzerland.
oil.
little
volatile
297
Finus Balsamea.
Balm
of
Gilcad FiTa
Canada.
Finns Australis
or Falustris,
Tcrehinthina
Canada
densis
pentine
or
Cana-
1.
Tur-
2.
Resin.
Volatile
oil.
Balsam.
LuiuciiLiiit;
Xiic
tained by puncturing
or incising the baric of
the trunlc and branches.
1.
TliusAinericanum
Frankin-
Ccmmon
The concrete
Taeda, Finaster, cense.
Sylvestris, &c. turpentine scraped off
the trunk of the Pinus
America; France; Palustris and Tceda.
Terebin2. Oleum
Northern Europe.
Oil or Spirit
thince
The
of Turpentine.
oil distilled, usually by
aid of steam, from the
I.
^2.
Resin.
Volatile
oil
[turpentine)
oleo-resin
from
obtained
species
all
rectified
necessary.
if
Resina
Resin.
residue left after
the distillation of the
crude
turpentine of
various
species
of
3.
The
Pifius.
4.
Oleum Pini
vestris
The
the
Syl-
Fir-WoodOil.
oil
distilled
fresh
from
leaves
of
Pinus sylvestris.
Tar. \
5. Pix Liquida
I. Oil of turpentine,
A bituminous liquid creasote, and other
obtained from the wood [compounds obtained
of Pinus sylvestris and (by distillation.
other species, by de2. Pitch remains =
structive distillation.
/ black resin.
298
MATERIA MEDICA.
II.
ENDOGEN^ ENDOGENS.
Na.t.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Nature
Part of Active Principles, and
Plant or Product.
Chief Coustituents.
Officinal
Geographical Source.
Sxnilax
SiaiI.ACEiE.
Ord.
SarscB Radix
saparilla Root.
dried root.
Officinalis.
Sarsaparilla.
Sar-
Jamaica
Central America. parilla, from
as
Sarsaparillin
or
neutral,
crystalline, bitter.
iscommonlyknown
It
1.
The Smilacin
Sarsa-
2.
3.
Volatile oil.
Starch, &c.
having
been formerly obtained
from Central America
by way of that island.
Cardaniomi Semina
Cardamomum. Cardamom
Caxdcmioiii.
Malabar.
Seeds. The
dried ripe seeds, contained in their pericarps. The seeds only
are used.
Ginger.
Zingiber
Zingiber
Officinale.
The rhizome,
and
scraped
dried.
1.
Volatile
2.
3.
Acrid resin.
Colouring matter.
oil.
1.
Volatile
2.
Resinous matter.
3.
Starch, &c.
1.
Volatile
2.
Curcumin
oil.
Ginger.
E. and W.
Indies.
{In Appendix).
Iionga.
Curcuma
Cui'cuma
The
Turmeric.
dried rhizome.
oil.
yel-
Nat. Ord.
Crocus Sativus.
Crocus
The
Crocus.
S. Europe.
miDACEJE.
Sajffron.
Colouring matter.
299
Geographical Source.
1. Aloin of various
kinds = crystalline and
Aloe Vulgaris,
Perryi, &c.
other species.
A crys3. Aloin.
talline substance ob-
Urginea
Scilla.
Squill. The
Scilla
bulb, divested of its
dry
Squill.
membranous
and
S. Europe.
Nat.
Colchicum
Autumnale.
tractive.
4.
lOEIiANTHACEJE.
Colchici
Cormiis
Corm.
Colchicum
The fresh corm, colMeadow Safiron. lected about the end
of Juneorearlyin July;
and the same stripped
Indigenous.
coats, sliced
of its
transversely, and dried
under 150.
2. Colchici Semina.
The seeds, collected
when
2. Scillitin.
slices, 3.
dried.
Ord.
1.
outer
1.
fully ripe,
icarefully dried.
and
1.
Colchicine =cxys-
talline.
2.
Cevadic acid.
3.
Gum,
starch, &c.
30O
MATERIA MEDICA.
Botanical
Name
of Plant.
Geographical Source,
Scboenocaulon
Officinale, &c.
Mexico.
Sabadilla
1.
Ceva-
dried ripe
seeds. Sometimes imported in or mixed with
their pericarps.
Vcratrina
2.
An
trine.
inixcurc
Veratrina.
Sabadilline.
3.
Acids
Gallic.
Veratric.
(Cevadic.
alkaloid or
oi
obtained
Vera-
2.
/I.
The
dilla.
aiKaioicis
from
Saba-
dilla.
Veratnim
Viride.
Green
zoma
autumn, and
1.
Veratrina! alka-
2.
Viridia.
5 loids.
dried.
N. America.
BTat.
Triticum
Sativum.
Wbeat.
Farina Tritici
Wheaten Flour. The
grain of wheat ground
and sifted.
1.
Zea Mays,
2.
nsaize.
Ord. GSAnilM'ACE.s:.
Amylum Starch.
from
the
common
of
wheat, maize, and rice.
Procured
grains
Oryza
Sativa.
3.
Rice.
Mica
with wheaten
Indigenous.
Pauls
/I.
2.
3.
Gum,
sugar,
salts",
3OI
Name
of Plant,
ieographical Source.
Kordeum
Sistichon.
Barley.
Hovdeum
Decorti-
its
integuments.
Indigenous.
Sacchaxum
OfElcinarum.
Sugar Cane.
Treacle.
uncrystallized residue of the refining
of sugar.
2.
Theriaca
The
W.
Indies.
ISecale Cereale.
The
Common Bye.
Indigenous.
III.
Nat.
Aspidium
FiUx Mas.
Blale Fern.
Indigenous.
FiUx
Fern.
ACROGENS.
Ord.
Male
1.
Volatile
dried rhi-
2.
Fixed
Mas
The
FUICES.
oil.
oils.
MATERIA MEDICA.
302
Hat. Ord.
Botanical Source or
Name
of Plant.
Geographical Source.
Torula
Cerevisise.
Veast Plant.
Ofiicinal Nature
Part of
T^lnnf riT" PrnHiiff
Cetraria
Ferment-
CcrevisicB
um Beer
Yeast.
ferment obtained
brewing beer.
Nat.
Islandica.
FTTNGI.
The
in
IiICHESTES.
Ord.
Cetraria
Iceland
1. Lichcnin or lichen
Moss.
The entire starch.
dried lichen.
2.
Iceland SCoss.
Cetraria acid.
3. Bitter principle
crystalline.
North Europe,
Roccella
Tinctoria, &c.
Lacmtis
Litmus.
(In Appendix).
A blue
The Azores.
various species.
ENTIRE PLANT.
The
according
their
to
nature.
In relation
to
indi-
vidual drugs, I have endeavoured, where necessary, to bring out any point of importance in their
mode of preparation ; and also to state prominently
their chief characters, when these are given in the
In the case of the less important drugs,
B.P.
however, the student need not burden his memory
with their full description, if he only knows how to
recognise them.
With respect to Pharmacy, I have followed the
same plan as in the case of the inorganic drugs,
to those
now
to
be considered.
3.
4.
Lobelia Lobelia.
2.
Natural Order.
Source.
Iceland Moss.
Chirata Chiretta
Lactuca Lettuce.
1.
Cetraria
Cetraria Islandica.
Lichenes.
Ophelia Chirata.
Gentianacea:.
Lactuca Virosa.
CompositEE.
Lobelia Inflata.
LobeliaceiE.
I. Cetraria
Iceland Moss. The dried lichen.
Description.
a. Foliaceous;
much branched
in an irregular dichotomous manner into obtuse
or truncate flattened lobes.
h. Crisp,
smooth, and usually brownish- or
greyish-white above, whitish beneath, and marked
irregularly with small white depressed spots.
MATERIA MEDICA.
304
odour
d.
taste mucilag^inous
A strong-
Pharmacy.
and
slig-htly bitter.
Decoctum Cetrarics.
Iceland moss, ?
")
t)
-i
f"''
^ m^utes,
Strain,
and
Action.
nutrient.
Dose
2.
Iceland
Of Infusion,
Chirata
moss
fl^
is
demulcent and
to 4.
when
numerous.
d. No odour; taste, very bitter.
Pharmacy.
Offici7ial Preparations
a. Infusum ChiratcE.
Infuse half an
hour, and strain.
Tinctures ChiratcE.
and bruised, g
2^^
")
j^j^^g
Proof spirit, O i.
J
by maceration for 48 hours, and percolation.
Action. Chiretta is a simple bitter, and is used
as a gastric and general tonic.
Doses Oi Infusion, fl ^ i to 2 Tincture, fl 3 ^ to 2,
ENTIRE PLANT.
3.
No
Lactuca
Lettuce. The
description
Pharmacy.
Exiractum
is
flowering herb.
Officinal Preparation
LactuccB.
A green
extract,
made from
way.
4.
Lobelia.
Odour somewhat
irritating;
at
Officinal Preparations :
Tinctura Lobelia.
Lobelia, in No. 40 powder, 5 2l),,
Pharmacy.
a,
taste,
first
2 | Made by
Proof Spirit, Ox.
maceration for 48 hours, and percolation.
h.
DoseOi
either Tincture,
iix
lO to 30.
3o6
MATERIA MEDICA.
AND RHIZOMES.
Name.
N.ITURAL
Order.
1.
Aconiti Radix.
Aconitum Napellus.
RanunculacejE.
2.
ArmoraciEe Radix.
BelladonnEe Radix.
Cochlearia Armoracia.
Cruciferje.
Atropa Belladonna.
Gentiana Lutea.
AtropaceE.
3.
5.
GentianEE Radix.
Glycyrrhizae Radix.
6.
Krameria; Radix.
4.
Gentianacea:.
Glycyrrhiza Glabra.
Leguminosa:.
Polygalaca;.
Ixina.
7. Pareirse
Chondodendron Tomen-
Radix.
MenispermacesEX
tosum.
8.
Podopliylli
Rhizoma.
Pyrethri Radix.
10. Scammoniae Radix.
9.
11.
Taraxaci Radix.
B.
Podophyllum Peltatum.
Anacyclus Pyrethrum.
Convolvulus Scammonia.
RanunculaceEE.
Taraxacum
Compositee.
Officinale.
Composita:.
Convolvulaceffi.
CalumbiE Radix.
Jateorhiza Calumba.
Menispcrmacest
12.
Ferula Sumbul.
Umbellifera:.
13.
Sumbul Radix.
C.
T
(.
Arnicai Rhizoma.
Cimicifugffi
17.
307
Rhizoma.
Arnica Montana.
Composita;.
Cimicifuga Racemosa.
Ranunculaceze.
Gelsemium.
Gelsemium Nitidum.
ApocynaceE.
SenegEe Radix.
Polygala Senega.
PolygalacesE.
18. Serpentariffi
Radix.
Aristolochia
Serpenta-
Aristolochiie.
ria.
ig.
Valeriana: Rhizoma.
Valeriana Officinalis.
Valerianacee.
20.
Veratrum Viride.
MelanthaceEE.
D. Miscellaneous Group.
21. Filix
Mas.
Filices.
22.
Hemidesmi Radix.
Hemidesmus
Asclepiadaceffi
23.
Ipecacuanha.
Cephaelis Ipecacuanha.
Cinchonaceas.
24.
Rheum Palmatum,
Polygonaceae.
25.
Rhei Radix.
SarzE Radix.
26.
Sassafras Radix.
Sassafras Officinale.
Lauracea:.
27.
Zingiber.
Zingiber Officinale.
ZingiberaceiE.
28.
Smilax
Indicus.
etc.
Officinalis.
Smilacea:.
E. Bark of Root.
Punica Granatum.
Myrtace^.
AcoNiTi
root
of the stem.
J.
Conical in form,
much
shrivelled long-itudin-
ally.
c
01
More or
broken
less
rootlets.
X2
3o8
MATERIA MEDICA.
d. Dark-brown
externally; whitish internally,
and having a central cellular axis with about seven
rays.
e. No marked odour;
taste at first somewhat
bitterish-sweet, but exciting slowly when chewed,
after some minutes, a sensation of tingling and
numbness which
lasts for
some
time.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
a. Linimentum Aconili.
Aconite root, in No. 40 powder, ^20
Camphor, |
V.
camphor.
Tinctura Aconiii.
Aconite root in No. 40 powder, l2\\ y, . ,
^^^"^^
Rectified spirit,
i
J
maceration for 48 hours, and percolation.
Action. Aconite root owes its physiological
and therapeutic effects to the aconitine which it
contains. Locally applied it causes numbness and
tingling, and is a powerful anodyne, employed
in the form of liniment.
Internally the tincture is
used as a vascular depressant, antipyretic,
and anodyne. It is also a diaphoretic and diuretic.
In poisonous doses it affects the nerveendings and the spinal cord, causing paralysis.
Dose Of Tincture, lit 5 to 15.
1.
2.
Armoracf^
Radix
Horse-Radish
Root.
fallen leaves.
3^9
Pharji ACY.
Spiiilus
Compositus. Sp.
Officinal Preparation
Armoracice.
gr.
about
0'920.
Nutmeg, bruised, ^ 12
Mix, and
Ci.
(distil
Proof spirit, C i
Water, O 3
Action. Locally applied horse-radish may be
Internally it is a
employed as a rubefacient.
sialagogue, carminative and peptogen, being
frequently used as a condiment.
The
-5-
(Fewer and less contorted than serpenmore slender than veratrum viride).
apt
c. Peculiar odour and somewhat aromatic
to excite sneezing; acrid and bitterish taste.
rootlets.
tary
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
linctiira Arnicce.
Arnica,
Rectified
in
No 40 powder,
spirit,
^^^^
'
3IO
MATERIA MEDICA.
Action.
chiefly
Internally
is
it
garded as a stimulant
Dose
4.
Of Tincture,
fl
to
Belladonna Radix
to
re-
In
ali-
i.
from Germany.
Description.
a.
Rough
branched
upper end by the
irregular
a.
Eniplastrum Belladonncc.
Alcoholic extract of belladonna,
plasters by a water-bath,
add the
extract,
Exiraciiim
BelladonncB AlcoJioliciim.M&de by
3II
Linimcnhim
Belladonna
BelladofincB.
root, 20~)
^Macerate
Camphor,!
for 3 days,
and
percolate into
receiver containing
the
camphor.
d.
Uiigtienliim BelladonncB.
Mix
Benzoated lard, 9.
Belladonna root is the source
thoroughly,
oS. Airopifie.
The
preparations made from belladonna root are almost entirely used as local remedies, being valuable anodynes, anhydrotics,
and mydriatics. The alcoholic extract may be
given internally, its effects being similar to those
of the other preparations administered internally.
(^See Belladonna Leaves).
DoseOt Alcoholic Extract, gr. J^- to J.
Action.
5.
CALUMBiE
The dried
or
Odour
feeble,
somewhat musty
taste bitter.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaiioiis :
a. Exlractum Calumbce.
Made by twice macerating calumba root, cut small, in proof spirit,
straining and pressing; mixing and filtering
the liquors; recovering the spirit by distillation
and evaporating by a water-bath.
;
312
b.
MATERIA MEDICA.
In/usum
CaliimlcB.
Calumba
Cold
c.
")
Macerate half an
hour, and strain.
Tinciiira CahanbcB.
Made by ma-
'
Calumba
Proof
hours,
and per-
colation.
2.
Calumba
is
contained
in
matica.
Action.
Calumba is a bitter stomachic
tonic, and acts indirectly as a general tonic.
Infusion, fl|
to 2
6. CiMiciFUG^ Rhizoma
rhizome and rootlets.
Description.
The rhizome
a.
2 to 6 inches long-, and from ^ to
hard.
b.
Somewhat
is
i
about from
inch thick
e.
its
Almost odourless
Pharmacy.
a.
Exiraciuin
Officinal Preparations
CimicifugcB Liquidtim.
An
alcoholic
Cimicifuga, in
No. 60 powder, J 20, in Rectified spirit, O2;
percolating; reserving the first fl J 15; evaextract,
made by macerating
3I3
b.
Cimicifuga,
in
Proof spirit, O i.
J
maceration for 48 hours, and percolation.
_
2.
Incompatible.
An
infusion
cimicifug-a
of
is
15 to 60.
TTL
7.
FiLix
Mas
Male
Fern.
The
rhizome, with
Description.
From
6 inches in length,
from \ to i inch in diameter, but being- entirely covered by the hard
persistent curved angular dark-brown bases of the
petioles,
h.
is
Brown
a.
3 to
itself is
ish internally.
c.
ish
Odour
and astringent
at
first,
and nauseous.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation :
Extractum Filicis Liquidiun. An oily extract.
Male fern, in coarse powder, lb 2) -n
P^^-^olate
Ether, O 4. or a sufficiency
'
MATERIA MEDICA.
314
8. Gelsemium
-Yellow Jasmine.
The dried
rhizome and rootlets.
Description. a. Nearly cylindrical, from \ an
inch to 6 inches or more in length, and commonly
from \
\ inch in diameter, with small rootlets
attached to, or mixed with, the larger pieces.
b. Light yellowish-brown externally, and marked
longitudinally by dark purplish lines.
c.
Fracture splintery; bark thin, presenting
silky fibres in its liber, and closely attached to a
pale yellow porous woody axis, with evident
medullary rays, and with or without pith.
somewhat narcotic and aromatic;
d. Odour
taste bitter.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
Made by
with
powder,
macerating Gelsemium, in No. 60
continuing
and
Rectified spirit, O2; percolating,
the percolation with distilled water until O 2 have
been collected and evaporating by a water-bath.
a.
Exiraciu77i
Gelsemii Alcoholicuin.
h.
Tinclura Gelsemii.
but
the sensory columns, and at first stimulates,
large
In
centres.
subsequently paralyses the motor
strychnine.
GentianvE
9.
root.
-J
to 2
Tinc-
a.
In more or less cylindrical
Descriptiox.
pieces or longitudinal slices, from a few inches to
a foot or more in length, and from a half to about
an inch thick.
in an annular manner when the
b. Wrinkled
pieces have been derived from the upper part of
the root, and all marked with irregular longitudi-
nal furrows.
c. Deep yellowish-brown externally, yellowish or
Bark thick, reddish, and
reddish-yellow within.
separated from the central woody portion, which
is somewhat spongy, by a dark- coloured cambium
zone.
d.
e.
taste
at
first
Gentian root,
sliced, lb
)
,
r
...
V Infuse two hours;
,.
J
Boihng distilledJ water,
OI
boil 15 minutes; pour off, press, and strain;
evaporate by a water-bath.
r
-r,
b,
3i6
MATERIA MEDICA.
Tinctura Gentianm Composita.
root, cut small and\
bruised, I \\
f.
Gsntian
and bruised, If
Cardamom
Proof
seeds, bruised,
1\
spirit,
I.
10.
The
and
GLYCYRRHIZiE
RaDIX
LiQUORICE
RoOT.
Description'.
The following- are the characters
of the fresh and dried roots respectively.
Fresh Root.
Dried Root.
a. In
long
cylindrical
pieces, of varying thickness.
externally.
c.
a.
h.
The unpeeled
darker,
inter-
nally,
very flexible, easily
cut, and consisting of a thick
cortical portion surrounding
a central woody
which,
axis,
furrowed
longitudi-
The
slightly
and
acrid,
cases a feebly
in
bitter
some
taste,
there
sweetness
is
no
when
peeled
acridity.
Pharmacy,
i.
Officinal Preparations
Made by macerating
a. Exiraclum GlycyrrhizcB.
liquorice root, in No. 20 powder, in cold distilled
water; straining and pressing; heating to 212;
straining through flannel
and evaporating by a
water-bath.
Exiraclum
Glycyrrhiza
Liqmdu7n.y[a.Ae
as
12 hours.
c.
and
sieve,
Sublimed sulphur,
Refined sugar,
in
lightly in
rub
a mortar.
pow-
der, 6.
2. Liquorice
Root
is
an ingredient
in
Confectio
The
extract
is
contained
in
Confectio Sennae,
Morphinae.
Action. Liquorice is used chiefly on account of
its flavour, and for concealing the taste of other
drugs; and as a demulcent. The compound
powder is a useful aperient.
Doses O'i Extract, gr. 5 to 31; Liquid Extract,
fl3 I
Compound Powder, gr. 30 to 60.
Pomegranate Root
II. Granati Radicis Cortex
Bark. The dried bark of the root.
Description. a. In quills or fragments, varying
from 2 to 4 inches in length.
b. Outer
surface yellowish-grey, virrinkled or
cracked with faint longitudinal striae, or more or
inner surface
less furrowed with corky bands;
smooth or nearly so, and yellow.
3i8
c.
d.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Short fracture.
No odour taste astringent and very feebly
;
bitter.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
i.
I,
sliced,
? 2
strain,
-^O"
.,
]'
and make up
Alkalies,
2. Incompatihles.
O2
Distilled water,
down
to
i.
lime-water,
metallic
deep black-
An infusion becomes
on the addition of a persalt of iron.
Action. Pomegranate root bark is astringent
and anthelmintic.
Dose Of Decoction, fl ^ 2 to 4.
salts, gelatine.
ish-bl ue
12.
Hemidesmi Radix
dried root.
Hemidesmus
Root.
The
a. In cylindrical,
more or less
twisted, longitudinally furrowed pieces, six inches
or more in length.
b. Covered by a thin yellowish-brown or brown
corky layer, which is easily separated from the
other portion of the bark, the latter being fre-
Description.
quently cracked
an annular manner.
resembling that of the
c.
melilot or Tonquin bean; taste sweetish and very
Odour
in
fragrant,
slightly acrid.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Syriipus Hemidesmi.
Sp. gr. about r335.
Hemidesmus root, bruised, ^4"^
Vinfuse four
Refined sugar, ^28
Boiling distilled water, O i.
J
hours; strain, set aside, and decant; dissolve
the sugar by a little heat.
Action. Hemidesmus is regarded as an altera-
tive, but
Dose
it is
seldom used.
Of Syrup,
fl
I.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations:
i.
cum
a. Pilnla TpecacuatihcB
Compound powder
powder,
Squill, in
Ammoniacum,
in
Scilla.
of ipecacuanha,
3'
j^j^
powder,
Treacle, a sufficiency.
j
powders, and beat them into a mass with the
b.
treacle.
Pulvis Ipecacuanhce.
der.
powder,
powder, i
Ipecacuanha,
Opium,
c.
in
Compositus
in
Dover's
Pow-
~)
>.
Mix
Made
usual way.
MorphincB el Ipecacuanhce.
Ipecacuanha, gr.
each
) in
Hydrochlorate of morphine, gr.
lozenge.
J
Made in the usual way, but contains Tincture of
Tolu.
in the
d. Trochisci
e.
Vinum Ipecacuajihcc.
Ipecacuanha, coarsely powdered, 3
Acetic acid, fl ^ i
Distilled water, a sufficiency
Sherry, O i
i"
320
MATERIA MEDICA.
2.
Composita.
Action. In small doses ipecacuanha is used as
a gastric sedative and an aid to purgatives.
In moderate doses it is a diaphoretic and sedative expectorant. In large doses it is emetic
and is also employed as a specific for dysentery.
14.
dried root.
(i) Peruvian;
Root.
varieties,
The
namely
Savanilla.
Savanilla.
Peruvian.
a. In branched or unbranched
pieces, varying in length and
a.
thick.
thickness.
h. Bark adheres firmly to the
readily separable,
h. Bark
is smooth and
varying in thickness from about wood beneath
of an inch, rough and thicker; usually marked at irto
scaly except in the smaller regular intervals by deep transor
pieces, dark reddish-brown ex- verse cracks dark purplish
colour.
violet
brownishbright
and
ternally,
red on its inner surface. Hard
brownish- or reddish-yellow
;
^ ^
woody
axis.
321
c. The bark of both kinds has a strongly astringent taste, and when chewed tinges the saliva red;
The wood is nearly
has no marked odour.
it
tasteless
and odourless.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
Made by macerating
a. Extractum Kramerice.
rhatany root, in No. 40 powder, in cold water
percolatmg; and evaporating by a water-bath.
Infusum Kramerice.
b.
Rhatany
root, in
No. 40 powder,
c.
Rhatany
Action.
chiefly
Krameria
employed
for
is
its
a valuable astringent,
on the throat and
effects
alimentary canal.
to 2
15.
root.
The dried
Description.
a. In long nearly cylindrical more
or less twisted pieces, from | inch to 2 or more
inches thick.
b. Covered with a thin blackish-brown bark, and
marked externally with longitudinal furrows, and
transverse ridges and fissures.
c. Internally yellowish- or brownish-grey, with
well-marked concentric or more or less eccentric
circles of porous wood, separated into wedgeshaped portions by large medullary rays, and
when cut presenting a waxy appearance.
d.
No odour;
taste bitter.
MATERIA MEDICA.
322
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations :
a. Decoctum PareircB.
Pareira root, in No. 20 powder, ^
i
^4
c.
1 Boil
K^
"l
fiuid parts.
fi
Liquid Extract,
^
fi
to
Extract, gr.
to 2.
c.
is
ROOTS AND RHIZOMES.
Odour
e.
faintly narcotic
323
and nauseous.
Pharmacy. Podophyllum rhizome is not used
itself therapeutically, but is merely introduced into
Radix
17. Pyrethri
Iried root.
Pellitory
{^See
Resins).
Root.
The
and throat.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation :
Tmclura Pyrethri.
Pellitory root, in No. 40
Made by maceration
powder, 4
V for 48 hours, and
Action.
gogue.
18.
Pyrethrum
The
tincture
Rhe UM
deprived of
its
J
is
is
Rhubarb.
percolation.
The
root,
more or
less
Collected
and prepared in China and Thibet.
(Several
varieties of rhubarb are described, but the
B.P.
only gives this general direction, and does
not
recognise them individually).
hole
MATERIA MEDICA.
324
b.
in
some cases
exhibiting
gritty
between the
teeth.
PHARMACy.
Offichial Preparaiions :
Made with distilled water
a. Exiracium Rhei.
and proof spirit, from the powdered root.
b. Lifusum Rhei.
Infuse for
,.
^ 1 ~)
root, in thin slices, ? i Ualf
an hour,
Boiling distilled water, fl^^ lO.
J^^^ ^^^^^^^
.
Rhubarb
c.
Piliila
Rhei Composita.
Rhubarb, I
Socotrine aloes, ^ z\
Myrrh, l \\
Hard soap, l\\
Oil of peppermint, fl 3
Glycerine, I
Treacle, about 1
d.
the
powders
3.
Mix
mass.
in powder, 2^
>Mix thoroughly, pass
Light magnesia, 6
Ginger, in powder, 1. j
in a
through a fine sieve, and rub lightly
mortar.
u
powder be desired, heavy
If a more condensed
magnesia may be employed.
Rhubarb,
Sp.
Syrupns Rhei.
e.
Rhubarb,
in
Rectified spirit, 8
Distilled water, 24
Percolate the rhuliarb and coriander slowly
with the spirit and water previously mixed.
Evaporate to fl^ 14; filter, and dissolve the
sug-ar with the aid of heat.
Tinciura Rhei.
f.
Rhubarb,
in
No. 20 powder,
Cardamom
seeds, bruised,
Coriander, bruised, \
Saffron, \
Proof spirit, 20.
g. Vinum Rhei.
Rhubarb,
in
Canella bark,
Sherry, O i
by
Prepared
2^
maceration
for 48 hours,
I
and percolation.
course powder, ^
in coarse powder,
gr.
60
>.
filter;
and
fl
to 8
Wine,
fl
to 2.
19. Sars/e
RadixJamaica Sarsaparilla. The
dried root.
Description.
a. Six or more feet
in
length,
usually bent or folded and packed together into
bundles of about 18 inches long, and 4 to 5 inches
326
MATERIA MEDICA.
numerous branched
c.
d.
rootlets.
chewed
Pharmacy.
Dec actum
a.
Officinal Preparations
SarscE.
make up
b.
to
Guaiacum wood
turnings,
Dried liquorice root, bruised,
Mezereon bark, ? \
Boiling distilled water, fl^ 30.
^2^
\Made
as
of each
above;
make
up
j
to
^ 20.
extract,
Sassafras Root.
20. Sassafras Radix
dried root, reduced to chips or shavings.
The
greyish-red.
327
Compositum.
Action. Sassafras
is
supposed
to
be an altera-
tive.
ScAMMONi^
21.
dried root.
More
rowed.
brown or whitish
jalap.
Pharmacy.
Scammony
root
is
introduced
into
Senega Radix
Senega
Root.
The
dried
Description.
a. Enlarged at the upper end
into an irregular knotty tuberosity, which bears
the remains of numerous small stems, and tapering below into a more or less twisted or curved,
branched, and usually keeled root, from ^ to more
than ^ of an inch thick.
Bark yellowish- or brownish-grey, transb.
versely cracked, horny, translucent; enclosing an
328
MATERIA MEDICA.
woody column.
Fracture
short, brittle.
c. Odour of bark peculiar, rancid
taste at first
sweetish, but afterwards very acrid, sourish, and
causing a flow of saliva. Wood tasteless and in;
odorous.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Prepa? atw?is
a. In/usum Senega.
Senega
root, in
No. 20 powder,
fl
? 10.
? i f,
^"^'^^^
\
^"^
(^strain.
Tinciura SenegcE.
b.
Senega
root, in
^^^^
Proof spirit, O I.
(
by maceration for 48 hours, and percolation.
Action. Senega is employed as a stimulant
expectorant and cardiac tonic. In large doses
it acts
as an irritant to the alimentary canal,
causing vomiting and purging.
Doses Of Infusion, fl]^ i to 2; Tincture, fl3^
to 2.
23.
SERPENTARIiE
RhIZOMA
SeRPENTARY
ZOME.
RhI-
rootlets.
a.
inch
d.
less
matted together).
i.
Officinal Preparations
Serpentary rhizome,
powder, |1
in
No. 20 ~i
Infuse half
j strain.
Tinctura Serpentaria.
b.
Infusiim SerpefilaricB.
a.
Doses
Of
Infusion, fl^
to
Tincture,
fl
to 2.
24.
SuMBUL Radix
d.
\
whitish patches,
aromatic.
Pharmacy.
Officinal
Preparation
Tinctura Sumbul.
Sumbul
Rectified spirit,
I.
percolation.
330
MATERIA MEDICA.
25. Taraxaci
fresh and dried
Dandelion
Radix
roots,
collected
Root. The
the
in
autumn
Inodorous
Pharmacy.
a.
taste bitter.
Officittal
Dried
dandelion
sliced
root,
and bruised, J
Distilled water,
h.
Preparations
Decoctiim Taraxaci.
i.
"|
>
strain,
up
to
and make
i.
J
Extractiim Taraxaci.
Made by pressing out:
the juice from the fresh dandelion root; heat-straining; and
ing it to 212 for 10 minutes
c,
d.
>
'
filtering.
33I
Doses
5
Extract, gr.
Decoction, fl | 2 to 4
Extract, fl Z\ to 2
Liquid
30;
to
Juice, fl3
to 2.
a.
short erect rhizome, entire
or sliced, and giving off numerous slender brittle
shrivelled rootlets, 3 or 4 inches long.
dark yellowish-brown
b. Colour
externally,
whitish internally.
developed in the process of drying,
c. Odour
strong, peculiar, disagreeable; taste unpleasant,
Description.
camphoraceous and
slightly bitter.
Yields volatile
distilled with water.
oil
d.
Pharmacy.
a. In/usum
Officinal Preparations
ValeriancB.
fl
|l
? 10.
for
f^oV'
f
) and strain.
Tinctura Valeriana:.
lation.
c.
Valerian rhizome,
der,
in
No. 40 pow-'^
l2\
toOi.
VMacerate
I.
filter;
makeup
MATERIA MEDICA.
332
Ammoniated
27.
Veratri
bore Rhizome.
fl^i to 2; Tincture,
fl 3 ^ to
i
fl
Tincture,
Helle-
rootlets.
Description.
a.
Rhizome is entire or transversely or longitudinally sliced or divided, and
either with or without attached rootlets.
b. When entire is from i to 2 inches or more in
length, and I of an inch or more in diameter;
erect, obconical, obtuse or truncated at the apex.
c.
d. Frequently bears at its upper end the concentrically arranged remains of leaves, and gives
off on all sides numerous much-shrivelled yellowishwhite rootlets, several inches long
or the latter
e. Inodorous, but exciting sneezing when powdered; taste bitterish and very acrid.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Green hellebore
used as a vascular
antipyretic.
It increases most
depressant and
doses
it
is
a powerful irrilarge
In
secretions.
canal,
and
a general dealimentary
tant to the
Action.
Tincture,
ill 5
'
is
pressant.
DoseOi
to 20.
<
Ginger The
28. Zingiber
rhizome.
Description. a. In
each branch
pieces
irregularly-branched
at its summit by a
flattish,
333
marked
depressed scar.
d.
Varying-
in length,
but
commonly from
3 to
inches.
c.
and
d.
gent taste.
Pharmacy.
a.
i.
Officinal Preparaiions
Ginger,
in
powder, J 2^
Rectified spirit,
for 48 hours,
b.
i.
| jy^g^^jg^jy maceration
and percolation.
Syrupus Zingiberis.
Tincliira Zingiberis.
f1
fl3
6'|Mix with
/agitation.
J 19.
Action.
Ginger
is
carminative.
Doses 0[ G\nger,
to 60;
gr. 10 to 20;
Stronger Tincture, nx
5 to
Tincture,
20
Syrup,
li],
fl
15
i.
'
MATERIA MEDICA.
334
Natural
Source.
Order.
1.
Canella Alba.
Canellaceaa.
2.
Cascarillse Cortex.
Croton Eluteria.
Cinchona Calisaya,
EuphorbiacecE.
(
3.
Cinchonas Cortex.
\ Officinalis,
(
4.
5.
Cinnamomi
Cortex.
Succirubra,
Cinchonacex.
Lancifolia, etc.
Cinchona Succirubra.
ZeyCinnamomum
LauraceEE.
lanicum.
Rutaces.
6.
Cusparite Cortex.
7.
Laricis Cortex.
Galipea Cusparia.
Pinus Larix.
8.
Mezerei Cortex.
Daphne
9.
Nectandra; Cortex.
and Laureola.
Nectandra Rodiasi.
Quercus Robur.
Cupuliferae.
Rhamnus Frangula.
Rhamnus Purshianus.
Rhamnacea;.
Rhamnacese.
10.
Quercus Cortex.
11.
Rhamni Frangulae
Rhamni Purshiani
12.
I.
The
Cortex.
Cortex.
Canells Alb^
Mezereum
Cortex Canella
ConiferEE.
Thymelaceae.
LauraceEE.
Bark.
dried bark.
Agreeable
bitter,
and
acrid.
BARKS.
335
2.
J
Cascarill^ Cortex
dried bark.
Description.
a.
Cascarilla
The
from i to 3 or more
^ an inch in diameter.
In quills
Bark.
Pharmacy.
a.
i.
Officinal
Prepaiatmis
pow-
^ Infuse
spirit,
lation.
Incompatibles.
J 2^
Made by maceration
I
half
an hour,
and
strain.
J
>-
Proof
2.
Infiistini Cascarillce.
for
Lime-water;
metallic
salts;
mineral acids.
chiefly
to 2.
3.
Action.
is
Cinchona
Cortex
Cinchona
Bark. The
dried bark.
No description is given in the B.P.
of the varieties of cinchona bark included
in this
group, from which the peculiar alkaloids of the
,)
:.
MATERIA MEDICA.
336
ReD
CiNCHONA
Description. a. In quills or more or less incurved pieces, varying- in leng-th from usually a
few inches to a foot or more, the bark itself being-
from about
to ^ of an inch thick.
b. Coated -with the periderm; outer surface more
or less rough from longitudinal furrows and
ridges, or transverse cracks, annular fissures, and
warts, and brownish or reddish-brown in colour;
inner surface brownish-red or deep reddish-brown,
irregularly and coarsely striated.
c.
in
1:
li
il
no
marked odour.
Tests. The B.P.
"
l.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparalions
CinchoncB.
Decocium
a.
lO minutes;
Boil
Red cinchona bark, in
when cold
Vstrain
No. 20 powder, ^
to O i.
up
make
Distilled water, Oi.
J
Made by mab. Extractum CinchoncB Liquidum.
cerating for 48 hours Cinchona bark, in No. 60
powder, 1 20, with a mixture of Distilled water,
;
BARKS.
337
0 5,
Infusum
Acidum.
bark, in No. 40
Cincho7icB
Red cinchona
powder, | \
Aromatic sulphuric acid,
fl3
strain.
10.
Tir.ctuta Cinchoncz.
Red cinchona
powder, 1 4
Proof spirit, O
bark, in No. 40
4.
e.
Red cinchona
bark, in No. 40
powder, J 2
Bitter-orange peel, cut small
and bruised,
colation.
Saffron, gr. 55
Proof
2.
spirit.
i.
is
contained
in
Mistura
Ferri Aromatica.
cannot be obtained.
Z?.^.^_Of Decoction,
to
10;
n 3 ^ to 2.
fl^
Infusion, flj
to 2;
to
2;
Liquid Extract,
either Tincture,'
z
.,
MATERIA MEDICA,
338
5.
Cinnamon
Cortex
CiNNAMOMi
Bark.
The
Dull
yellowish-brown
lig'ht
and
externally,
aromatic
taste.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations :
a. Aqua Cinnamomi.
Cinnamon bark, bruised, J 20 \ j^j^i-jj q
Water, C 2.
J
b.
c.
Piilvis
Cinnamon
Cardamom
seeds
VMix equal
parts in powder.
Ginger.
d.
J
Ttnctura Cin7iamomi.
I
Cinnamon bark,
powder,
in
2^
Rectified spirit,
i.
coarse
colation.
'
Vinum
Opii.
Cinnamomi.
is
an ingredient
in
Spiritus
BARKS.
339
ag'ent.
astringent.
Comto 2.
6. CusPARi^ Cortex
Cusparia or Angustura
Bark. The dried bark.
Description. a. In flattish or curved pieces, or
in quills, 6 inches or more in length;
the bark
itself commonly not more than
^ of an inch thick,
and
Coated externally with a yellowish-grey motcorky layer, which may be usually scraped
off by the nail, the exposed surface presenting
a
dark-brown resinous appearance; inner surface
light brown, flaky, and occasionally with strips
of
b.
tled
wood
attached.
Pharmacy. I.
Officinal Preparation
Iti/usum CusparicE.
Cusparia bark,
Distilled
water at
strain.
2.
,
iron
in
metallic salts.
Dose~0{
Infusion, flj
to 2.
MATERIA MEUICA.
340
Pharmacy.
and terebinthinate
Officinal Preparation
Tinctura Laricis.
Larch bark, in No. 40 powder, ? 2^
. ,
^^^^^
Rectified spirit,
i.
j
by maceration for 48 hours, and percolation.
")
Mezerei
Cortex
Mezereon
Bark. The
dried bark.
Description. a. In long thin more or less flattened strips, which are commonly folded or rolled
into disks; or in small quills of various lengths.
externally by an olive-brown or
b. Covered
somewhat reddish-brown, readily separable, corky
layer; inner surface whitish, silky, and very tough.
8.
Sarsae Compositum.
BARKS.
Action. Mezereon applied externally^ is a
rubefacient or vesicant. Internally it is supposed to act as an alterative.
9.
Cortex
Nectandrje
Bebeeru
Bark.
The
dried bark.
Description. a.
to
In flattish
more thick.
b. Very hard and
brittle,
ous.
Pharmacy.
Bebeeru
officinal pre-
bark has no
Action.
odic.
Bebeeru bark
is
longitudinally striated.
c.
d.
Pharmacy.
i .
Officinal Preparation
Decoclum Quercus.
Oak-bark, bruised,
-z
i-ii* J
I
r\
Distilled
water,
i.J
rv-
-i
n
Boil
10 minutes,
strain,
and make up
*^
to
I.
342
MATERIA MEDICA.
me-
of oak-bark
is
a local astringent.
used as
c.
what
and yellowish
No marked
d.
and
fibrous
within.
slightly bitter.
Pharmacy.
Offict?tal Preparalto?is
b.
Made
Doses
fl
employed
in
habitual constipation.
Of Extract,
to 4.
343
BARKS.
longitudinally.
internally,
c. B'racture short, except
slightly fibrous, more especially in
where
the
it
is
larger
pieces.
d.
No marked odour
taste bitter.
fully.
Z'wM Of
fl3 i to 2.
Extract, gr. 2 to 8
Liquid Extract,
MATERIA MEDICA.
344
Group IV.
WOODS OR STEMS.
Name.
I.
Natural,
Order.
Source.
Guaiaci Lignum.
Guaiacum
Officinale
Zygophyllaceae.
and Sanctum.
Leguminosae.
3.
Pterocarpi Lignum.
chianum.
Pterocarpus Santalinus.
4.
Quassije Lignum.
Picraena Excelsa.
Leguminosae.
Simarubaces.
1. Guaiaci
Lignum
Guaiacum Wood.
The
heart-wood. For use in pharmacy, the wood as
usually imported should be deprived of its sapwood, and the heart-wood reduced to the form of
faintly aromatic.
c.
When
touched with
as-
parilla.
345
(They often
b. The chips are reddish-brown.
present a g^reenish or greenish-yellow lustre).
taste
c. Odour slight, peculiar, and agreeable;
sweetish, astringent.
When chewed the saliva is
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparations
Decochm HcEmatoxyli.
Logwood, in chips, ^
Cinnamon bark, bruised,
~)
Distilled water,
gr. 55 >.
Boil for 10
10 to 30.
3.
The
sliced or
Description.
a. The logs are dense, heavy, irregular; varying in length and thickness; dark
reddish-brown or blackish-brown externally; and
internally, if cut transversely, deep blood-red,
faint
peculiar
in
It is
is
mainly used as a
somewhat astringent.
MATERIA MEDICA.
346
4.
Quassia Lignum
chips,
man's
thig-h.
taste.
e. An infusion does not become black or bluishblack on the addition of a persalt of iron.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaimis
a. Extractum Qicassm.
Made w\\h cold water, by
maceration, percolation, and evaporation to a
suitable consistence.
b.
In/usum
QiiassicB.
Quassiawood,
in chips, gr.
55
10.
Maceratefor ^an
hour, and strain.
Ti7ictura Quassics.
Quassiawood inchips,^f|^
Proof
spirit,
I.
>
filter;
Of Extract,
Tincture,
fl
^ to
gr. 3 to 5
2.
Infusion, flj
to
Group
Cacumina
Sabine
Natural
Source.
Name.
I.
347
Okdek.
Juniperus Sabina.
Conifera;.
Cytisus Scoparius.
LegurainosE.
Savin
fresh and
tivated in Britain.
dried, collected in
Tops. The
tops,
b.
green.
c. Strong, peculiar, unpleasant odour, when rubtaste acrid, bitter, and disagreebed or bruised
;
able.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
{See Oils).
a. Oleum Sabina.
b.
Tinctura Sabince.
Ungiientum SabincB.
calico.
Dose
In large doses
alimentary canal.
Of Tincture,
111,
20
to
fl
it is
irritant
348
MATERIA MEDICA.
Cacumina Broom Tops. The
ScoPARii
2.
and dried.
Description. a.
fresh
tops
'
five
wing-Iilce angles.
b. Nearly
smooth, dark-green or yellowishgreen, tough,
c. Leaves, when present,
small, sessile, and simple above
stalked and trifoliate below.
d. Peculiar odour when fresh and
bruised, which
is
lost in the process of drying;
bitter and
;
nauseous taste.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
a.
Decoctiim Scoparii.
Dried broom tops, j i]Boil lO minutes, strain.
Distilled water,
i.
and make up to O i.
|
b.
Succus Scoparii.
Made by expressing the juice
from fresh broom tops adding rectified spirit,
setting aside 7 days; and filtering.
(,1 to 3)
;^
tic.
The following
Name.
1.
Aconiti Folia.
2.
Belladonnas Folia.
Source.
Buchu
Folia.
Order.
Aconitum Napellus.
Ranunculacese.
Atropa Belladonna.
Atropacea;.
Barosma
3.
Natural
Betulina.
Crenulata.
Serratifolia,
Rutaces.
4.
Coca.
Erythroxylon Coca.
Erythroxylaceas.
5.
Conii Folia.
Conium Maculatum.
Umbelliferns.
6.
Digitalis Folia.
Digitalis Purpurea.
Scrophulariacea:.
LEAVES.
7.
Hyoscyami
S.
Jaborandi.
g.
349
Hyoscyamus Niger.
Folia.
Atropaceie.
Laurocerasi Folia.
Prunus Laurocerasus.
Rosacea.
10.
Maticse Folia.
Artanthe Elongata.
PiperaceEE.
11.
Senna Alexandrina.
Senna Indica.
Cassia1 Acutitoiia.
Acutifolia.
12.
13.
Tabaci Folia.
Nicotiana Tabacum.
14.
Arctostaphylos
^
1
} ^^Snmi
Angustifolia.
Uva
Atropacete.
Ursi.
Ericaceae.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaimi
Exiracium Aconitt. One of the green exiracis,
made from the juice pressed out of the fresh leaves
The extract of
internally,
and
the tincture.
BoseOi
its
aconite is administered
actions are similar to those of
BELLAD0NN.a: Folia
Belladonna Leaves.
a. The fresh leaves with the branches to which
they are attached.
L The leaves separated from the branches and
2.
carefully dried,
to form,
Britain.
in
MATERIA MEDICA.
350
Pharmacy. Officinal
Preparations
c.
Tinctura BelladonncE.
Belladonna leaves, in\
No. 20 powder, ^
Proof spirit, O i.
The
1 1
)
Made by maceration
for
preparations made from belladonna leaves are intended for internal administration, and they owe their effects to the atropine
which they contain.
The chief actions of this
important drug may be thus briefly summarised
In connection with the nervous system, belladonna
in full doses is at first a cerebral excitant, and
subsequently a narcotic ; an anodyne ; and a
Action.
LEAVES.
may also be
employed as a sedative and vesical tonic.
Belladonna is one of the drugs the effects of
which need to be watched. The symptoms indicaing- that its administration must be checked are
Iryness of the mouth and throat, and difficulty of
Lfenito-urinary apparatus, belladonna
3.
Buchu
BucHu Folia
leaves.
Leaves.
The
dried
may be
B. Betulina.
a.
Length.
From
i to J inch.
B. Crenulata.
From
1 to about i|
thus con-
B. Serratifolia.
From
to ij inch.
inch.
b.
Shape.
Cuneate
or
rhom- Oval-oblongor rhom- Linear - lanceolate,
boid-ovate;
apex
boid-ovate someequally tapering to
very bluntand usuwhat blunt at the
each end
actual
ally recurved.
apex narrowed at
apex truncate.
the base into a
;
distinct petiole.
c.
Margin. Serrate-dentate.
d. Texture.
More
Finely
cartilaginous. Thickish.
Thinner than
in the
other varieties.
352
MATERIA MEDICA,
Pharmacy. Officinal
a.
Preparaiions
Lifusicm Buchu.
Imciura Buchu.
0.
Buchu
leaves, in
powder, l2\
Proof spirit, O I.
Action. Buchu
Oiuretic, and for
the
is
its
machic
percolation.
tonic.
Doses Qi
Infusion,
to 4;
is
also a sto-
of Tincture, flj
to 2.
4.
Coca.
b.
ing-
of vary-
thickness.
when
bruised;
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations :
a. Extractum Cocce Liquidmn.
Made from coca, in
No. 40 powder, by maceration and percolation
with proof spirit. Part of the product is evaporated to the consistence of a soft extract, and
LEAVES.
i
353
"
'
CoNii
Folia
Hemlock
Leaves.
The
fresh
ileaves
'
Pharmacy.
two,
a.
namely
Officinal Preparations
made
preparations
directly from
The
officinal
Extractum
Conii.
A green
extract
made from
and young
'
made
c.
MATERIA MEDICA.
354
Calaplasma Conii.
hemlock
juice of
e.
to
Vapor Conince.
Juice of hemlock, fl^ 1
Solution of potash, fls
Distilled water, fl^ I.
Mix.
Put ill 20 on
the sponge in a
steam-inhaler.
Action. Locally applied in the form of cataplasm, conium is believed to act as an anodyne.
Internally it is used mainly as an antispasmodic,
and ultimately becomes a paralyser of muscles,
chiefly by affecting the ends of the motor nerves,
but partly by acting on the spinal cord. It is
also employed as a pulmonary sedative, especially in the form of inhalation.
Doses
Of Extract, gr. 2 to 6 ; Compound Pill,
gr, 5 to 10 Juice, ill 30 to 60.
Folia Foxglove
6. Digitalis
Leaves. The
leaves, collected from wild British plants of the
second year's growth, when about two-thirds of the
flowers are expanded, and carefully dried.
Description." a. From 4 to 12 or more inches
in length, and sometimes as much as 5 or 6 inches
broad, with a wing-ed petiole of varying length.
b. Ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute, crenate
or irregularly crenate-dentate.
]
Somewhat
.
.
rugose, slightly hairy and dullgreen above, densely pubescent and paler beneath.
d. Taste very bitter, unpleasant; odour faint,,
agreeable, and tea-like.
c.
Pharmacy.
a, In/usum
Officinal Preparations
Foxglove leaves,
dried, gr.
Digilalis.
o f Infuse fifteen
2SJ ^.
10.
strain
Tinciura Digitalis.
Foxglove leaves,
powder, 3 2\
Proof spirit, O I.
in
LEAVES.
Action.
355
digitalis is exerted
upon the vascular system. It is recognised ordinarily as a typical cardiac regulator or tonic,
but in larg-e doses it becomes a cardiac depressant. Moreover, it is at first a vaso-contractor,
but subsequently a vaso-dilator. Indirectly, by its
effects in the circulation, dig-italis is a valuable
diuretic under certain conditions and it may also
It
thus act as a cerebral sedative or hypnotic.
is also regarded as an antipyretic, and emmenagogue ; and has been used empirically in the
treatment of delirium tremens. In excessive
;
7.
Hyoscyami Folia
The
Henbane
Leaves.
fresh
d.
glandular
e.
The
and a
hairy.
sub-cylindrical,
bitter
Pharmacy.
Officinal Prepatatiojis
and also
heavy odour
Exlractim Hyoscyami. A green extract, prepared from the fresh juice in the usual way.
a.
AA2
MATERIA MEDICA.
356
b. Succus Hyoscyami.
Made by pressing- the
juice out of the fresh leaves, flowering tops, and
young- branches
(i to 3);
c.
and
mixing
it
with rectified
spirit
filtering in 7 days.
Tinctura Hyoscyami.
Henbane
leaves, or flowering-
Made by mace-
ration for 48
hours,
and
Proof spirit, O i.
percolation.
Action. Henbane has more or less the effects
of belladonna, but it is chiefly used as a hjrpnotic,
pulmonary sedative, vesical sedative, and as
tops, in No. 20
powder, J 2|
an aid to purgatives.
Doses Of Extract, gr.
Tincture, fl 3 ^ to i.
5 to
lo; Juice,
fl
^ to
The dried
8.
Jaborandi.
leaflets.
a.
e.
f.
Coriaceous
in texture.
slightly aromatic
taste
of saliva.
Pha rm acy.
Officinal Preparaiions
in
the product.
LEAVES.
357
In/iisum Jaborandi.
b,
strain.
Tinctura Jaborandi.
c.
Proof
spirit,
Alkaloids).
eye jaborandi is a
myotic. Internally administered its chief action
It
is that of a rapid and powerful diaphoretic.
is also a sialagogue, and vascular depressant.
d.
PilocarpincB Nilras.
Action.
Applied
to
the
Laurocerasi Folia
Cherry-Laurel
fl
to
Leaves.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation :
Aqua Laurocerasi. Made by distilling the chopped
and crushed fresh leaves with water (lb i to O2I),
passes over.
The product is shaken,
through paper, and its strength adjusted,
either by adding diluted hydrocyanic acid, or
diluting with distilled water, so that it corresponds
to o-i per cent, of real hydrocyanic acid.
until
filtered
358
MATERIA MEDICA.
{See
the actions of
Hydrocyanic Acid).
dried
leaves.
and
fruit).
Pharmacy.
Officmal Preparah'oji
Infusu7)i MaticcB.
J J
to 4.
\ Senna Indica
The
dried leaflets.
Alexandrian Senna
matters.
LEAVES.
359
obtained from
it is
imported
a.
h.
c.
:ginous, nauseous,
The
points
contrasted
in
and sickly.
which they
may be
differ
thus
East Indian.
Alexandrian.
.
Length.
b.
Shape.
c.
Colour
About
i to
z inches.
olate.
and Pale
Surfaces.
tion
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparations
Confeclio Sennoi.
A mixture
of Senna, in fine
Senna, | i
Ginger, sliced, gr. 28
Boiling distilled water, fl^
\
I
lo.j
Infuse half an
hour, and
strain.
36o
MATERIA MEDICA.
Misiiira Semice Composita.
c.
Sulphate of mag-nesium, ^4
Liquid extract of liquorice,
J
Tincture of senna, fl 2I
J
rectified spirit
Tinciura SenncB.
e.
^21
Proof
spirit.
Senna
2.
is
Made by
[-48
j
for
hours,
and
'
Or.
ma-
ceration
perco-
lation.
in
Action.
Doses
to
Infusion,
Compound
Mixture, fl^ i to i^-; Compound Liquorice Powder, gr, 30 to 60; Syrup, fl3
I
to 4; Tincture, fl 3 i to 4.
flj
to 2;
12,
Tabaci
leaves.
Folia
Leaf
Tobacco.
The
dried
Brown,
brittle,
glandular-hairy.
nause-
LEAVES.
c.
Yield,
when
an alkaline
fluid,
361
of potash,
slightly revolute.
d.
e.
Coriaceous
in texture.
'
Odour
faintly tea-like
when powdered;
very astringent.
Pharmacy.
Infusum UvcB
taste
Officinal Preparation
Ursi.
?1
i
finfusefor one
^"^
I
strain.
silver;
362
MATERIA MEDICA.
Group
VII.
FLOWERING
OR FRUITING
AND BUDS.
TOPS, FLOWERS,
Name.
I.
Anthemidis Flores
Chamomile Flowers
Cannabis
2.
Indian
5.
Dried flower-
Nat. Order.
Composita:.
heads
Dried flowering- Cannabinacete.
and fruiting-tops
Indica
Eugenia
Caryophyllata
Crocus
Cusso
Anthemis
Cannabis
Indica
Hemp
Clove
4.
Part used.
Nobilis
Caryophyllum
3.
Source.
Saffron
Crocus
Kousso
Sativus
style
Hagenia
Dried panicles
Rosaceas.
Dried strobiles
Cannabinaceae.
Abyssinica
6.
Lupulus
Hop
Humulus
Lupulus
Rhceados Petala
7.
Red Poppy
S.
Petals
Cabbage-Rose
Papaver
Rhceas
Fresh petals
Papaveracea;.
Rosa
Fresh petals
RosaceiE.
Centifolia
Petals
Rosas Gallicie
g.
Pe-
Rosa
Fresh
Gallica
and
dried Rosacete.
petals
tals
10.
Sambuci Flores
Elder Flowers
II.
Sambucus
Artemisia
Santonica
Fresh flowers
Caprifoliacea;.
Nigra
Dried unexpanded Composite.
Maritima
flower-heads
Chamomile Flowers.
Anthemidis Flores
flower-heads or
double
and
single
The dried
I.
capitula.
From
cultivated plants.
TOPS
FLOWERS
BUDS.
363
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparalions
a. Extracium Anihemidis.
Made by boiling chamomile flowers with distilled water; straining,
pressing, and filtering; evaporating to a pilular
consistence; and adding oil of chamomile.
b.
Inftisum Anihemidis.
Chamomile
flowers,
Hnfuse
?l
fl
? lo.l
fifteen
"^i^^tes,
and
strain.
c.
Oleum Anihemidis.
Action. Chamomile
(^V^'
Oils).
mmative.
Doses~0{
I
Extract, gr. 2 to
an emetic.
to 4, or 5 to 10 as
10
Infusion, fl?
2. Cannabis Indica
Indian Hemp.
(In India
known as Gunjah or Ganga). The dried floweriing or fruitmg tops of the
female plants, grown in
India, and from which the
resin has not been
removed.
Description. a. In small more or less
aggregated masses, from about
\\ to 2\ inches in length.
MATERIA MEDICA.
and
flower-stalks.
Rough
b.
to the touch;
very
brittle;
of a dusky-
green colour.
c. Scarcely any taste;
not unpleasant odour.
faint peculiar
narcotic,
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
Extractum Cannabis IndiccE. hx\ alcoholic extract,
made with rectified spirit, by maceration for 7
days, and evaporation by a water-bath.
a.
b.
)
'
Dissolve
spasmodic.
Doses Oi
Extract, gr. ^ to
Tincture, 1115
to 20.
Caryophyllum
3.
Clove. The
dried flower-
buds.
between
is surmounted by 4 teeth,
the
enclosing
petals,
paler-coloured
which the
the
in
up
rolled
are
style,
and
stamens
numerous
below, and
form
of a ball.
Odour
FLOWERS
TOPS
Pharmacy.
BUDS.
Officinal Preparations
In/usum Catyophylli.
a.
Cloves, bruised,
fl
? lo.i
I"^"^^
f^''
^alf
^"^
^"
strain.
Oleum Caryophylli.
h.
(See Oils).
2. Cloves
are contained in Infusum Aurantii
Compositum, Mistura Ferri Aromatica, and Vinum
Opii.
i).
Incompaiilles.
salts of iron;
acids;
lime-water;
Mineral
gelatine.
Crocus Saffron.
The
dried
stigma
and
IS
b.
It
c.
Peculiar
in lenp-th
strong
isomewhat aromatic
aromatic
odour;
bitter '
taste.
saffron leaves
MATERIA MEDICA.
366
Pharmacy.
Tinciura Croci.
Saffron, J i
Proof
spirit,
Officinal
"I
Preparation
Made by
hours,
i. J
maceration for 48
and percolation.
Saffron
is
Action.
Saffron
flavouring agent.
is
It is
also
somewhat stimulant.
5.
Cusso
shortly
stalked,
Odour herby,
disagreeable.
Officinal Preparation
Pharmacy.
Cusso.
Infusum
Kousso,
in coarse
finfuse
for
fl
^ 8.
15
Not
strained.
TOPS
Action.
FLOWERS
Kousso
is
anthelmintic, used
an
tape-worm.
Doses 01 Kousso, ^ i
BUDS.
chiefly for
to
l; Infusion, flg 4 to
8.
from
strobiles,
When
Description. a.
entire, about
il inch
compressed and broken.
6. Oblong-ovoid or rounded in form, and consisting of a number of thin greenish-yellow or brownish membranous imbricated scales or bracts
each
of vvhich has at its base a small rounded achene
sprinkled over with brownish-yellow
glands
(iupulin), the whole being attached to
a'^hairy
long-; usually
more or
less
undulated axis.
c.
Odour
agreeably
aromatic;
taste
bitter,
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
a. Extractum Lupuli. Ma.de by first
acting upon
hop by recdfied spirit, and preparing a soft alcohohc extract; then making a watery extract of the
residual hop; mixing the two; and
evaporatin-ir
under 140 to a suitable consistence.
b.
Infusiim Lxipuli.
^.P.' ^2.
Boihng distilled water,
c.
Titictura Lupuli.
^OP. I 2I
Proof spirit,
Action. Hop
machic
tonic.
hypnotic.
Or./
is
It
finfuseforihour,
fl
10.
and
strain.
Made by maceration
for
48
and percolation.
an aromatic and bitter stois also somewhat diuretic
and
hours,
2; Tincture, fl3 ^ to
7.
2.
Infusion,
fl
to
fresh petals.
MATERIA MEDICA.
368
Description. a. Of a bright-scarlet
often nearly black at the base.
b.
c.
Unequal in size.
Strong narcotic odour;
and
taste.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
jR/iceados. Made
slightly
colour,
bitter
by adding
fresh red
water, heated in a
water-bath, frequently stirring; infusing for 12
hours, pressing, and straining; dissolving refined
sugar by means of heat; adding rectified spirit
when nearly cold, and distilled water to a certain
proportion.
Action. The syrup is merely used as a colourSyrupiis
ing agent.
8.
RosiE
Dose
fl3
to
I-
Centifoli^
Petals. The
Petala Cabbage-Rose
From
Description.a. Large,
b.
Aqua RoscB.
Fresh petals of the hundred-leaved^
rose, ffi 10 (or an equivalent
quantity of the petals preserved VDistil
while fresh with common salt)
Water, C 5.
i^ern
is contained in Mistura
2. Rose water
Composita, and Trochisci Bismuthi.
Action. Rose water is employed as a flavouring agent; or for its odour.
Petala Red-Rose Petals.
Q. RosiE Gallic^
trom
The fresh and dried unexpanded petals,
.
TOPS
FLOWERS BUDS.
369
Description.
a. Usually
in
little
cone-like
masses; or sometimes separate and more or less
crumpled
petals.
Odour
c.
by drying; taste
gent.
Offidml Preparatmis
Pharmacy.
Cofi/ec/w
<7.
make up
pills.
10.
Sambuci
tresh flowers.
Flores Elder
From indigenous
Description. a.
mches across.
3.
Flowers small;
corolla
flat,
Odour
Ditterish.
c;
to
rotate, 5-sected,
stamens mserted
c
In
Flowers. The
plants.
in the tubes.
fragrant, but somewhat sickly;
taste
MATERIA MEDICA.
370
Pharmacy.
Offianal Preparation :
Aqua Sambuci.
Fresh elder flowers, separated from\
the stalks, lb lo (or an equivalent
quantity of the flowers preserved i-Distil C
while fresh with common salt)
Water, C 5
Action.- Elder flower water is merely used as
flavouring ag-ent.
.
II.
Santonica.
The
d.
heads or capitula.
Description.
a.
About
of an inch in length;
oblong--ovoid, obtuse.
Pale g-reenish-brown
nearly smooth.
appearance,
but consist!
c.
of from 12 to 18 imbricated involucral scales, withi
a broad thick yellowish-green midrib, enclosing';
b.
Resemble seeds
3 to 5
in
somewhat tubular
florets.
Odour, especially when rubbed, strong', pecu-taste bitterliar, and somewhat camphoraceous
and camphoraceous.
Pharmacy. Santonica is the source of Santonim
d.
{See
Neutral
Principles).
Action. Santonica is an anthelmintic, affect-ing- the round worm, but it is seldom used, san-tonin being much more suitable as a remedy.
Dose gr. 10 to 60.
The
a:i
FRUITS.
A. Fruits in common use.
Aurantii Fructus
is
the ripe
fruit.
It
is
intro-
duced into the B.P. for the purpose of obtaininghe fresh rind, which contains a large number of
:l-vesicles, and is aromatic and bitter.
Aiiraniii Cortex
or pericarp.
Pharmacy. i
is
Officinal Preparations
Itifusum Aurantii,
a.
0.
Fresh lemon
Infuse 15
56 minutes.
\
\
)
and
strain.
Syruptis Aurantii.
")
Mix.
Tinctura Aurantii.
d.
Kt
off the
press the dregs, mix the liquid
products,
iliquid
and
filter.
/.
,
TO
'to
l^tnurn
n 12
TO
to
^dded.
It
BB2
contains
.,
MATERIA MEDICA.
372
an ingredient in Infusum
Compositum, and Tinctura Gentian,
in Spiritus Armoracise Compositus
Composita
and in Tinctura Cinchonae Composita. The Syiup
2.
Gentianas
is
contained
in
in
Quininse.
Doses 0\
fl
2.
The
either Infusion, fl
fl 3 i to 2.
Tincture,
either
Ficus Fig.
dried
Ficus
to
2;
Syrup,,
N.O. Moracea.
C.^rica.
fruit.
Pharmacy.
Figs
are contained
Confectio:
in
Sennas.
poultice.,
LiMONis
\ Limonis
f
3"
Limonum.
N.O.
Lemon
Juice
"
Citrus>
AuranliacecB.
and
is
aromatic and
bitter.
juice of
Limo7iis Succus is the freshly expressed
yellowish
It is a slightly turbid
the ripe fruit.
It contains from
acid taste.
sharp
a
with
liquid,
gr. 36 to 46 of citric acid in fl| i.
Pharmacy. I.
Officinal Preparations
FRUITS.
373
Tincitira Limonis.
c.
I.
Lemon
(antiscorfl
to
Juice, fl|-| to 4.
Pharmacy.
odour,
:
taste.
refreshing
acidulous
Officinal Preparation
saccharine
Syrupus Mori.
Made by heating mulberry juice
to the boiling point
filtering when cool
dissolving refined sugar with the aid of heat; and adding
;
rectified spirit.
ja
Pharmacy. Prune
5.
N.O.
^RosacecE.
is
contained
iSennae,
Action. Prune
is
a laxative.
in
Confectio
MATERIA MEDICA.
374
6. Tamarindus
Tamarind. Tamarindus Indica.
N.O. LegummoscR. The preserved pulp of the fruit.
It
made
into a drink;
it is
also a laxative.
Uv^
Raisins.
Vitis Vinifera. N.O.
Viripe fruit, dried by the heat of the sun,
or partly by the sun's heat, and partly by artificial
heat.
Imported from Spain.
7.
lacecB.
The
Pharmacy.
Raisins
are contained
Raisins
are
merely
in
Tinctura
Sennae.
used
their
for
B. Umbelliferous Fruits.
N.O.
Umbelh'fercB.
cremocarps,
fruits
They are
symmetrical halves or
arranged they include
belonging
botanically
mericarps.
to the
named
consists of two
>
Alphabetically*
1.
Anethi
Fructus
Dill
P'ruit.
Anethum
Graveolens.
2.
Anisi
Fructus Anise
Fruit.
Anisum.
3. Carui Fructus Caraway.
Pimpinellai
Carum Carui.
4.
5.
Sativum.
6.
FcENicuLi
CULUM Dulce.
Fructus Fennel
Fruit.
F(eni-
FRUITS.
375
Umbelliferous
fruits,
b.
Aqua Anethi
Aqua Anisi
c.
AquaCarui
a.
{See Oils).
officinal y^^/^iz
made from
the
namely:
12^z.ch
P'-^Pared
Bruised
fWater,
Aqua I'aniculi]
3. Caraway is an ingredient
fruit, lb
C2
Distil
^i.
a.
in Confectio Opii,
Confectio Piperis, Pulvis Opii Compositus,
Tinclura Cardamomi Composita,
and Tinctura Sennce.
MATERIA MEDICA.
376
Cojiii.
Hemlock
and as carminatives.
Dose0{ Aque,
2.
Conium
fruit
fi
to 2.
Natural
Source.
Order.
Illicium Anisatum.
Magnoliaceffi.
Aurantiacea;.
Bel^ Fructus.
.^gle Marmelos.
Capsici Fructus.
Capsicum Fastigiatum.
Solanaceas.
CassiEE Pulpa.
Cassia Fistula.
Leguminosai.
Colocynthidis Pulpa.
Cubeba.
CitruUus Colocyntliis.
Piper Cubeba.
PiperaceE.
Ecballii Fructus.
Papaveris Capsular.
Ecballium Elaterium.
Papaver Somniferum.
PapaveraceiE.
Pimenta.
Piper Nigrum.
Pimenta Officinalis.
Piper Nigrum.
Rosa Canina.
Rose^Caninaa Fructus.
The
fruits
above enumerated
will
Cucurbitacea;.
Cucurbitaces.
Myrtacea;.
Piperacaj.
RosaceiE.
now be
indi-
vidually considered.
I.
FRUITS.
Each carpel
b.
beaked,
colour,
c.
is
irregularly
377
and commonly
split, to
expose
solitary seed,
flattish,
somewhat oblique,
Odour and
d.
closely
taste
resembling
anise
fruit.
Pharmacy.
This fruit
is
Fructus Bael
BELiE
half-ripe fruit.
Fruit.
The
dried
d.
No
odour;
mucilaginous
taste
slightly acid.
and
very
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaiion :
Extraclmn BelcB Liquidum. Prepared by first
making a watery extract of bael fruit, by successive macerations; pressing, and filtering the mixed
liquids; evaporating; and adding rectified spirit
when cold.
Action. Bael
used
fruit
is
an astringent; chiefly
3. Capsici
Fructus Capsicum
dried ripe fruit.
2.
Fruit. The
long,
MATERIA MEDICA.
378
Somewhat
Composed
cayenne pepper.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Tinctura Capsici.
Capsicum
fruit,
Rectified spirit,
Action.
stimulant
Dose Of
4.
Madeby macera-
i.
and percolation.
rubefacient.
bruised, ^ |
Internally
it is
in
Tincture,
Cassia Pulpa
^^l
a carminative and
use as a condiment.
it is
common
o to 20.
Cassia
Pulp.
The
pulp ob-
to 2 feet
Description. a. The pods are from
and nearly an inch in diameter, blackishbrown, very hard, marked by two smooth longitudinal bands divided internally by thin transverse
partitions into numerous cells, each containing a
seed, more or less surrounded by pulp, and hence
the pods should not rattle when shaken.
blackish-brown, sweet in
b. The pulp is viscid,
When obtaste, and somewhat sickly in odour.
the
contains
tained separately the pulp frequently
removed
be
should
seeds and dissepiments these
before using it.
Pharmacy. Cassia pulp is contained in Confectio
Sennae.
Action. Cassia is a laxative.
long,
FRUITS.
379
less
whitish.
c.
No
d.
The powder
Pharmacy.
i.
Officinal Preparations
the spirit.
b.
Colocynth pulp,
Barbadoes aloes, 2
Resin of scammony, 2
in
I
Sulphate of potassium, \
c.
and
6.
gr. 5 to 10.
grown
fruit.
dried
unripe
full-
38o
MATERIA MEDICA.
Pharmacy.
a.
d.
c.
Officinal Preparations
Oleo-resina Cubebce.
{See Oleo -Resins).
Oleum CubebcE. {See Oils).
linctura CubebcB.
Ur.
Cubebs,
in
A
powder,
A c
r\
Rectified
Spirit,
r>
.-a
z
?
2i1 r
K-\
i.
'
Made by macerar
tion for
j
o u
48 hours,
.
and percolation.
,
Cubebs
Action.
stomachic
in
to 2.
Cucumber
Squirting
Fructus
7. EcBALLii
From plants
Fruit. The fruit, very nearly ripe.
This fruit is not described
cultivated in Britain.
in the B.P. and is merely introduced as the source
of Elaterium.
in Britain.
381
FRUITS.
Pharmacy.
a.
bitter.
Officinal Preparations
Decocium Papaveris.
Boil for 10 mincapsules, bruised, f 2
utes, strain, and
Distilled water,
i^.
Poppy
make up
to
O i.
Exiractiim Papaveris.
Prepared from Poppy
capsules, freed from the seeds, and in No. 20 powder, by making a watery extract with boiling water
by infusion, percolation, and evaporation adding
rectified spirit when cold; and in 24 hours filtering and evaporating to a pilular consistence.
c. Syrupus Papaveris.
Prepared from Poppy capsules, freed from the seeds, and in No. 20 powder, by
infusing in boiling water and percolating; evaporating; when cold adding rectified spirit; filtering in 12 hours; distilling off the spirit, evaporating,
and adding refined sugar,
h.
as an
Syrup,
fl
i.
MATERIA MEDICA.
PiMENTA
9.
grown
Pimento.
fruit.
The
dried unripe
full-
a.
Aqua PimentcB.
Pimento bruised,
Water, C 2
Distil
i.
{See Oils),
h. Oleum PimefilcE.
Action. Pimento is employed as a flavouring'
agent, gastric stimulant, and carminative.
It is
10.
unripe
Piper Nigrum
Black
Pepper.
The
dried
fruit.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Confectio Piperis.
Rub
well
together
Caraway
mortar.
i in a
Clarified honey, ^ 1 5
Confectio
in
ingredient
an
is
pepper
Black
2.
Opii and Pulvis Opii Compositus.
Action. Pepper, locally applied, is a rubefacient, and is popularly employed for this purpose.
Black pepper,
powder, | 2^
powder, I 3 [
in fine
fruit, in fine
SEEDS.
Internally
it
is
in
lous.
Pharmacy.
Confectio
Officinal Preparation
Rosa
Cajiince.
Hips,
Refined sugar, 2
J
Beat the hips to a pulp, rub through a sieve, and
mix with the sugar.
Action. The confection of dog-rose fruit is used
for
making up
pills.
It
is
also
somewhat re-
The
may be
enu-
Source.
Natural
Order.
Amygdala Amara
Amygdala Dulcis
Myriatica
Myristica Fragrans
Nux Vomica
Myristicacea;.
Strychnos
Nux Vomica
Physostigma Venenosum
Loganiacea;.
Physostigmatis
Semen
Leguminosa;.
MATERIA MEDICA.
384
B. Small Seeds.
Cardamom! Semina
Elettaria
Colchici Semina
Colchicum Autumnale
Melanthacea:.
Hordeum Decorticatum
Hordeum Distichon
Linum Usitatissimum
GraminaceiE.
Lini Semina
Sabadilla
Sinapis
Albffi
Cardamomum
Zingiberaceic.
Linaces.
Schcenocaulon Officinale
Brassica Alba
Semina
Brassica Nigra
Semina
Stramonii Semina
Delphinium Staphisagria
Datura Stramonium
Staphisagriae
c.
Farina Trttici
Sinapis
AtropacecC.
Ground Seeds.
Triticum Sativum
Linum Usitatissimum
Brassica Alba et Nigra.
Lini Farina
Ranunculacea;.
GraminaceE.
Linaceffi.
Cruciferffi.
divisions it will be
the several drues in
noted
Sweet almond
more
is
{blanched almonds).
The
SEEDS.
385
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparalions.
From almonds
directly the following- are obtained
a. Oleitm AmygdalcE.
fi.xed oil obtained by
:
(See
Oils).
1.
dried, 8)
L
Gum
acacia, i
j
Rub the almonds to a smooth consistence; add
the sugar and gum gradually; rub the whole
to a
From
coarse powder.
preparation
this
is
made
Mishira Amygdala.
c.
Action.
Sweet almond
[Tnturate, and
i
stram through
muslin.
is
Itritive.
cle
for
acid;
It is
officinal
DoseOi
2.
npe
Mixture, flj
to 2.
as
b.
Dark reddish-brown
""""^
!matic
^^''^^
agreeably
warm and
cc
aro-
386
i
.
MATERIA MEDICA.
freed from
11X^111 OV-\^V_iO,
seeds, ^
f 2
Cinnamon bark, bruised, J
Cochineal, in powder, gr. 55
Made by ma-
Raisins,
J-XCXlOlliO,
ceration
I^C^ICLLIUII
i
for'
IVJl
48 hours, and
percolation.
Proof spirit, O I.
Cardamoms are contained
2.
in Extractum Colocynthidis Coinposita, Pulvis Cinnamomi Compositus, Pulvis Cretas Aromaticus, Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus cum Opio, Tinctura Gentianse Composita,
Tinctura Rhei, and Vinum Aloes.
The iinciiirc is an ingredient in Decoctum Aloes
Compositum, Mistura Ferri Aromatica, Misturai
Action.
Cardamoms
carminative.
Dose 01 Tincture,
fl
act as a
i to
stimulant andl
2.
c.
powder.
and acrid.
difficult to
No odour;
Officinal Preparation :
Pharmacy.
Sevmium.
Colchici
Tinctura
finely ~i Made by maceration
seeds,
Colchicum
V for 48 hours, and
comminuted, ^ 2I
percolation.
I.
O
spirit,
Proof
J
Action. The tincture of colchicum seeds acts
as a diaphoretic, diuretic, hepatic stimulant,
and alterative ; having a specific effect in rela-'
d.
taste bitter
SEEDS.
387
tion to g-out.
to the
sant.
Dose
Of Tincture,
10 to 30.
ii^
4. Farina Tritici
Wheaten Flour. The grain
ground and sifted. Used for making- Caiaplasma
Fcrnmiii.
5.
Barley.
The
Pharmacy.
Freparaiion
Decoctum Hordei,
f^^sh
Pearl Barley,
? 2
Distilled water,
Oil
'
BoseOi
Decoction,
fl
to 4.
yellovvish-white.
c.
No
d.
odour;
oily
and mucilaginous
decoction of linseed
when cold
by solution of iodine
Ph>u<macy.-i Offiemal Pteparalions
3lue
a.
Lataplasma Lini.
Linseed meal,
^^4
Boiling water, IT^
jo.
Mix
taste.
is
not
made
with
constant
stirring.
CC 2
388
b.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Itifumin Ltni.
in
The
Oletcm Liiii.
Oils).
2. Linseed meal
c.
oil
No. 20
! Infuse for
hours,
two
and
strain.
fl
J 10.
(^See
is
an ingredient
in
The
of linseed
several Cata-
plasms.
3.
Inco?npaiibles.~
infusion
most metallic
is
iron,
in-
and
salts.
l
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparatio?is
A volatile oil. {See Oils).
a. Oleum Myrislicoi.
Oleum Mjrisiicce Expresmm.K concrete oil.
b.
.
(6'ffOiLs).
Nutmeg
is
SEEDS.
translucent.
c. No odour; extremely bitter taste.
Pharmacy.
i.
Officmal Preparatio?is
a. Extractum Niicis Vomica.
This extract is made
by heating the split Nux Vomica seeds to 212 for
3 hours, and reducing to fine powder; macerating
and percolating this with a mixture of rectified
spirit and distilled water (4 to O; distilling off the
spirit, and evaporating over a water-bath.
The
nux vomica.
MATERIA MEDICA.
390
Its
and as intes-
Of Extract,
g-r.
to
Tincture,
lit
lO to
20.
9. Physostigmatis Semen
dried seeds.
Calabar
Bean.
The
inch long-,
Description. a. From about i to
of
an
somewhat
inch
inch
or
broad,
and
an
5
\
more
in thickness.
to water.
with^
a permanent yellow,
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaiions :
extract,
a. Exiradnin Physosiigniaiis.h spirituous
and
powder,
made from Calabar Bean, in No. 40
percolation;
rectified spirit, by maceration and
and evaporating to
distilling off most of the spirit
the consistence of a soft extract.
the extract.
is obtained from
b. Physostigmme
;
(See Alkaloids).
SEEDS.
AcTiox.
Calabar bean, both locally applied
and internally administered, is a myotic.
Internally, it is used mainly as a spinal sedative and
depressant; but it also acts as an irritant to the
alimentary canal in full doses, a cardiac depressant, and a respiratory depressant.
Doses Of Calabar Bean, gr, i to 4; Extract,
o-r J- to i
seeds.
somewhat compressed.
Shining, wrinkled, blackish-brown.
Taste bitter, acrid; inodorous, but when powdered producing violent sneezing.
Pharmacy. Sabadilla is merely introduced into
the B.P. as the source of Verairine. (&e Alkaloids).
b.
c.
b. Externally
they are finely-pitted, the ivhite
having a pale-yellow colour, and the black
being
dark-reddish or greyish-brown. Both are
yellow
internally,
and hard.
MATERIA MEDICA.
392
c.
White mustard is inodorous; taste pungent.
Black mustard is inodorous when dry, even when
powdered, but when triturated with water it exhales a strong- pungent odour, so as to affect the
eyes; taste very pungent.
Test.
decoction of mustard when cooled
not made blue by tincture of iodine.
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparations
Cataplasma Sinapis.
Water
Mi.K
with
six or eight
to
together.
Charta Sifiapis. This is made by mixing
Mustard with Solution of Gutta Percha covering
strips of cartridge paper with a thin coating of the
h.
acrid.
oily.
bitter
and
SEEDS.
Pharmacy.
393
Officinal Preparation
Uiigiuntum SlaphisagricE.
Stavesacre seeds,
i
Benzoated lard,
macerate them
2.
Stramoxii Semina
13.
b.
c.
a.
About J
of an inch long
reni-
bitterish.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Prepataiions
Made by
Exiraciiini Stramonii.
b.
Tinctura Stramonii.
Stramonium
bruised,
seeds,
^2^
Proof spirit, Or.
~)
V-
Made by
maceration for
48 hours, and percolation.
30.
MATERIA MEDICA.
394
Group
COLCHICI
CHicuM
AuTUMNALE.
N.O.
CoL-
MelatithacecE.
Description.
i.
Fresh Corm.
About
agreeable odour.
2. Dried Slices.
a. Slices are i or
of an inch thick; moderately
indented on one side and convex on the other, so
that they are somewhat reniform in outline.
b. Yellowish
at the circumference;
surfaces
firm, whitish, amylaceous; breaking readily with a
short fracture.
c.
Pharmacy.
ExtracUm
Officinal Preparaiio7is
Made
Colchici.
b.
395
This preparation
Viniun Colchici.
c.
either
2.
Jalapa
volvulacecr.
Jalap.
The
Ipomcea Pur.ia.
dried tubercules.
N.O.
Co?i-
Description-.
a. Irregularly oblong, somewhat
ovoid, napiform, or rarely fusiform; varying much
in size, the larger frequently incised, or cut into
halves or quarters.
Externally dark-brown, more or less irregufurrowed and wrinkled, and marked with
paler-coloured transverse lines or scars; internally dirty-yellowish or brownish, and frequently
marked with dark-brown irregular concentric
b.
larly
.circles.
.
c.
a
;
396
MATERIA MEDICA.
Officinal Preparaiions
^:f/ratVz;!/;z/a/rt/);. Prepared
by
:
first
making-
c.
d.
Ginger, in powder, i.
j
pass the powder through a
rub lightly in a mortar.
JalapcB Resuia.
{^Sce Resixs).
fine sieve,
and
Tiiictura JalapcE.
Made by maceration
I
for 48 hours, and
2|
1
Proof spirit, O i.
percolation.
j
2. Jalap is an ingredient in Pulvis Scammonii
Compositus.
Action. ^Jalap is a simple purgative ; it is
also used as a vermifuge.
Doses Of Jalap, gr. 10 to 30; Extract gr. 5 to
15; Compound Powder, gr. 20 to 60; Tincture,
flSi to 2.
Jalap, in No. 40 powder, ^
3.
SciLLA
Squill.
The
Urginea
bulb, divested of
ous outer scales, cut into slices,
LiliacecR.
Description.
a.
its
and
Scilla.
dried.
somewhat
four-sided, curved;
b.
N'.O.
dry membran-
lucent.
Brittle,
if
Pharmacy.
parations
directly
from
squill
bitter.
Preparations.
Officinal
i.
made
397
The
are
pre-
a, Aceliim ScillcE.
bruised, ^ 2\
Diluted acetic acid,
Macerate
Squill,
7 days,
press,
strain,
i.
and
filter.
IX
Ginger,
in
Ammoniacum,
Hard soap, i.
the
ingredients
solid
powder, add
treacle,
sufificient
and beat
into
uniform mass.
linclura SciUcE.
Squill, bruised, ^
Proof
spirit,
Made by
2\
I.
Oxymel Scillcz.
Vinegar of squill,
water-bath
Aceiuni ScillcB
and
Clarified honey, Kj 2.
by a
maceration
for 48 hours,
percolation.
to
sp.
1-32
rr.
when
cold.
e.
Syrupiis Scillcs.
Vinegar of
squill,
Squill
also
is
cacuanhee cum
an ingredient
in
Pilula
Ipe-
Scilla.
Doses~Oi
HI 15 to 40;
pound
Pill,
Squill, in
powder, gr.
to 3
Vinegar,
Oxymel
or Syrup, fl 3 1 to I
Comto 10; Tincture, ill "10 to 30.
;
gr. 5
398
MATERIA MEDICA.
XL DISEASED
'Group
Ergota
I.
Ergot.
N.O.
PLANTS.
Graminacecs.
The
Description.
a. Sub-cylindrical or obscurely
triangular, tapering towards the ends, generally
arched or curved
longitudinally furrowed on
each side, but more especially on that which is
concave, and often irregularly cracked.
h. From \ to
inch in length.
c. Violet- purple
externally, white or pinkishwhite within fracture short.
d. Odour peculiar and disagreeable, especially
if
the powder be triturated with solution of
potash ; taste mawkish and rancid.
;
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparalions :
a. Exiraciwn ErgotcB Liqiddtm.
Made by twice
digesting crushed ergot in distilled water
pressing, straining, and evaporating the liquors by a
water-bath to a certain quantity; when cold adding rectified spirit and filtering after standing an
hour.
b.
Infusum ErgotcE.
Ergot, crushed, J \
Boiling distilled water, flj
c.
Tmchira Ergota:.
Ergot, finely comminuted,]
Proof
d.
i^See
spirit,
Ergoline
is
Ergotine).
lO.
Made by macera-
i.
made from
the
Liquid Extract.
DISEASED PLANTS.
399
Of
Erg-ot, gr.
10 to 30;
to 30.
2.
Galla
20
Infusion, fl^
111
Galls.
to 30;
i
to 2
N.O.
Liquid Extract,
;
Tincture, 11x5
Excres-
Cupidifera.
Description.
an
insect.
Sub-globular, tuberculated on
the surface, the tubercles and intervening spaces
being smooth. Hard and heavy.
b. From ^ to | of an inch or more in diameter.
c. Dark bluish-green or dark olive-green externally
yellowish or brownish - white internally,
with a small central cavity.
a.
d. No odour;
taste intensely astringent,
lowed by some degree of sweetness.
Pharmacy.
a.
Tiiictiira
Galls, in
b.
No. 40 powder,
spirit,
i.
lard, | i.
UngxccnUivi GallcR cum Opio.
Ointment of galls, ? 1
Opium,
in
and
Inco7npalibles.~Wmers,\
bonates;
")
j^^^
thoroughly.
Acidum Tannicum.
3-
for 48 hours,
percolation.
powder, gr. 80
Benzoated
2.
Made by maceration
[
U7iguenium Galla.
Galls, in fine
c.
Galla.
1 ^2
Proof
Officinal Preparations
fol-
lime-water;
alkaline
car-
copper.
MATERIA MEDICA.
400
and silver
tartar-emetic
ipecacuanha, opium,
infusions of cinchona, calumba, and cusparia.
;
Action.
fully
The preparations of
chiefly
galls are
power-
employed
may be
locally
adminis-
A. Gums.
Gti7}is are exudations from the stems of plants,
which form a mucilage when mixed with water.
They consist of arahine, which is soluble, and hassorine, which is insoluble, but swells up into a gelatinoid mass, these being combined with magnesium
and potassium to form salts.
I.
AcAcriE
and other
GuMMi
species.
Gum
N.O.
A gummy
GUMS.
d.
401
Mucilago AcacicE.
Gum
3.
Incompatibles.
poses.
2.
Tragacantha
Tragacanth.
Astragalus
GuMMiFER, and some other species. N.O. LeguminoscE.
A gummy exudation obtained by making
to 120.
d.
swells
in
cold
water, but
is
tinged
402
MATERIA MEDICA.
Pharmacy.
Tragacanth,
b.
Officinal Preparations
Glycerinum Tragacanthcz,
a.
in
powder,
g-r.
no] Mix
the tra-
Glycerine, fl^ i
Igacanth and
Distilled water, fl gr. 74.
glycerine in
]
a mortar, add the water, and rub until a
translucent homog-eneous jelly is produced.
Mucilago TragacanlhcB.
water,
Rectified
spirit,
~)
V Mix the
lO
fl3 2.
c.
in
Tragacanth,
in
powder
j
Gum
Rub
well
tog-ether.
powder, 3.
ingredient in Confectio Opii,
an
2.
Pulvis Opii Compositus.
and
Sulphuris,
Confectio
Refined sug-ar,
Tragacanth
Action.
in
is
Tragacanth
is
demulcent.
It
is
B. Resins.
Elemi
Manilla Elemi.
determined,
N.O.
Amyridacccc.
Commune.
RESINS.
Description and
Tests.
a.
When
fresh,
soft,
granular, resinous, and colourless; but by keeping becomes harder, and of a pale-yellow tint.
b.
Odour
and
strong-
somewhat
frag-rant,
spirit,
it
re-
breaks up
when examined by
the
microscope, are seen partly to consist ot acicular
crystals.
Pharmacy.
Offichial Preparaimi
Unguentum Elemi.
Elemi, ? 1
Simple ointment, g
Action. Elemi
is
^^It,
]
strain
through
and
stir until
flannel,
i.
stimulant.
2. GuAiAci Resina GuAiACUM Resin.
Guaiacum
Officinale and Sanctum. N.O. ZygophyllacecB. The
resin obtained from the stem by natural
exudation
by incision, or by heat.
'
Description
and
Tests.a. In roundish or
more commonly in laro-e
masses containing fragments of bark, wood,
and
somewhat oval
tears, or
other impurities.
b. Brownish or greenish-brown
externally, and
when the surface has been rubbed and exposed
air
and
to
e.
when
DD
chewed
MATERIA MEUICA.
404
Pharmacy.
a.
Mistura
Officinal Preparaiions
Giiaiaci.
Guaiacum
resin
D
c
J
sugar
Refined
Gum
r
Triturate
to^ i^
roi each,' 5 4
2 gether, gradually
Cinnamon water,
h.
i.
mon
water.
'
ether.
to the
rheumatism.
2
Of Resin, gr. 10
Ammoniated Tincture,
to 30; Mixture,
fl 3 ^ to i.
fl^^
to
crpntlv IJ^^^P'
gently,
]'
j^g^.jjf^gd spirit, flj 16
I
Add to
wards thoroughly percolate with spirit.
ott
distil
and
fl^4,
the tincture distilled water,
residue
the
Remove
the spirit by a water-bath.
allow it to become
and
dish,
open
an
to
hot
while
the
Pour off the supernatant fluid, wash
cold
dry
and
water,
hot
with
resin two or three times
heat of a stove or
on a porcelain plate by the
water-bath.
RESINS.
Tests. a. In dark-brown
opaque frag-ments, translucent at the edges,
b. Brittle, breaking- with a resinous fracture.
c. Readily reduced to a pale- brown powder.
d. Sweetish odour; acrid in the throat.
of turpentine; easily soluble
e. Insoluble in oil
The powder yields little or
in rectified spirit.
nothing to warm water, and not more than 10 per
and
Description
cent, to ether.
Pharmacy.
Jalap
resin
is
contained
in
Pilula
Scammonii Composita.
Mastiche
is
a drastic purgative.
Mastich.
Pistacia Lentiscus.
resinous exudation
obtained by making incisions in the bark of the
stem and large branches.
4.
N.O.
Anacardiacece.
A concrete
e.
Preparation.
4o6
MATERIA MEDICA.
distilling
stove.
Tinciura Podophylli
gr.
of resin in fl 3 i.
Resin of podophyllum, gr. 160 Dissolve and
Rectified spirit, 61.
filter.
J
i
")
Action. Podophyllum
and hepatic stimulant.
Doses Of Resin, gr. J
fiS
a drastic purgative,
is
to
Tincture,
ill
IS
to
I.
Resina
Resin.
N.O.
The
Coni/ercB.
Description
and Tests.
lowish, compact,
shining.
b.
Odour and
brittle,
a.
Translucent, yelpulverisable
fracture
;
Pharmacy.
l
a. Emplastrum
Resin, ^ 4
Officinal Pteparaiions
Resince.
Lead plaster, lb
Curd soap, ^ 2.
1
J
RESINS.
b.
Unguentum ResmcB.
Resin, in coarse powder, g 8] Melt at a low
temperature,
Yellow wax, 1 4
strain through
Simple ointment, ^ 16
I
'
while
flannel
constantly till cool.
2. licsin or lis piaster is present in several of the
Emplastra.
It is also an ingredient in Charta
Epispastica, and Unguentum Terebinthinae.
Almond
hot,
oil, fl;^ 2.
and
stir
from Scammony.
Description and Tests.
a.
In
brownish trans-
4o8
MATERIA MEDICA.
Pilula Scammonii Composila.
Resin of scammony, ^ i
Resin of jalap, ^ i
Curd soap, in powder, | i
Dissolve with
the aid of a
little
heat,
2.
Pubis Scammonii
Compositus.
Scammony
resin,
Mix,
powder, 4
Jalap, in powder, 3
Ginger, in powder,
i.
Resin of Scammony
is
pass
fine
through
a
rub
a mortar.
sieve,
lightly in
an ingredient
and
in
Extrac-
Pilula Colo-
cynthidis Composita.
Of
Doses
to
30;
Compound
Powder, gr. 10
Pill,
gr. 5
to
15
Compound
to 20.
C. Gum-Resins,
AmMONIACUM
Umbellifem.
An
DOREJIA Ammoniacum.
exudation from the stem.
N.O,
;;
GUM-RESINS.
409
and
When
acrid.
triturated with water forms
a nearly
white emulsion.
and a
/. Coloured yellow by caustic potash
solution of chlorinated soda gives a bright orange
e.
hue.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Mislura Ammoniaci.
Ammoniacum,
in
coarse powder, f J
|-
cum
Scilla.
Ammoniacum,
gr. 10 to
20; Mixture,
fliitoi.
2. AsAFCETiDA
Ferula Narthex Or Narthex
Asafcetida; also Ferula Scorodosma, and probably other species. N.O. Umbelli/ercE. The gumresin obtained by incision from the living root.
410
MATERIA MEDICA.
and
and alliaceous.
triturated with water
When
d.
it
forms a white
emulsion.
50
e.
60 per
to
cent, should
be soluble
in recti-
fied spirit.
The
/.
when
Pharmacy.
Enema
a.
Officmal Preparations
Asafoetida, gr. 30
Distilled water, ^
")
4.
Rub
gradually into an
emulsion.
b.
Asafoetida^
Galbanum
Myrrh
of each, 2
Treacle, by weight,
c.
AsafcetidcE.
i.
Heat by means of a
water-bath, and stir
until they assume a
uniform consistence.
Tinctura AsafcctidcE.
Asafoetida, in small fragments, ? 2i ,
'[Macerate
Rectified spirit, a sufficiency.
in fl^ 15 for 7 days, filter, and make up to
)
I.
Asa-
Action.
effect
GUM-RESINS.
411
an
emmenagogue.
gr. 5 to 20;
gr. 5 to 10; Tincture, fl 3 ^ to I.
Pill,
Compound
Gamboge.
Cambogia
Garcinia Hanburii.
obtained by making
incisions into the stem
or cutting away some of
the bark, and scraping away the juice that exudes.
3.
N.O.
A gum-resin
Giitti/ercB.
It is
collected in
bamboo
reeds.
Powder
is
bright-yellow.
No
Gamboge,
Barbadoes
in
powder,
aloes, in
Compound powder
mon,
:~
powder
of cinna-
PO"^^he
syrup, and"beat
into a uniform
"feiic!"
'^"^
Action. Gamboge
gogue purgative.
^x-
mass.
^
is
It
is
412
MATERIA MEDICA.
Doses
Gamboge,
gr.
Compound
to 4;
gr. 5 to 10.
Pill,
4.
CAULis
helli/era.
A gum-resin
species.
IV.O.
Um-
liaceous.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Emplasirum Galbani.
MeI.toge.har{f^^-.;^_,},ads.rai.
Add.ha.i..ura.o{'--;;3},
2.
pre-
Composita.
Action. Galbanum is chiefly used as an external stimulant and local alterative. Internally
it
tida, but is
GUM-RESINS.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Tinciura Myrrhce..
Myrrh,
in
coarse powder,]
Rej;tified spirit,
Made by maceration
for 48 hours,
1 ^2
and
i.
percolation.
Action. Myrrh is often employed as a mouthwash and gargle, acting as a local stimulant and
antiseptic.
Internally it is a stimulant to the
alimentary canal and carminative
a uterine
stimulant and emmenagogue; and a stimulant
expectorant. This drug is also said to increase
the number of leucocytes in the blood.
;
6,
to
ScAMHONIUM SCAMMONY.
30;
Tincture, flji
JV.O.
CofivolvulacecB.
414
MATERIA MEDICA,
h. Ash-grey or blackish-brown
externally, and
sometimes sprinkled over with a greyish-white
powder,
c.
Very
brittle,
is
re-
uni-
d.
ash-grey powder,
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparations
Misiura Scammonii.
Scammony,
Milk, fl^
h.
in
powder,
Resina ScammonicB.
Action.
gr.
2.
Scammony
Triturate to form a
uniform emulsion.
[See Resins).
is
and vermifuge.
Doses Of Scammony,
flj
a drastic purgative
gr. 5
to
10
Mixture,
to 3.
415
I.
Balsamum Peruvianum Balsam of Peru.
Myroxylon Pereir^. N.O. LegummoscE. An exudation from the trunk of the tree, after the bark
has been beaten, scorched, and removed.
Description
and
treacle-like liquid
Tests.
a.
thick,
viscid,
ri37 to IT50.
and opaque; in
of sp. gr.
when heated
ally
Soluble
d.
in
chloroform or rectified
spirit;
in-
soluble in water.
e. Ten drops triturated with 6 grains of
slaked
lime produce a permanently soft mixture; and
the mixture, warmed until all volatile matter is
given off and charring commences, gives no fatty
odour.
Should not diminish in volume when
shaken with an equal bulk of water.
2.
Balsamum Tolutanum Balsam of Tolu.
Myroxylon Toluifera.
JV.O. LeguminoscE.
An
sohd,
b.
In thin films
colour.
brown
c.
Highly
warmed;
is
fragrant
taste
odour,
especially
acid.
d.
Soluble
solution has
in
rectified
spirit
an acid reaction.
and
when
slio-htlv
^
ether.
The
4i6
MATERIA MEDICA.
Pharmac V.
a.
h.
Officinal Preparaiions
Balsam
of Tolu, 12 4),
^-a A
a-T z ^ by
^ maceraRectified
spirit, fl^ 15 J
filter; and
tion, with occasional agitation
1
Dissolve
-o
make up
in
of the mouth.
Very
little
taste
4I7
some
cases, storax.
and solution
spirit
of
Acids).
b. Tinctura Bmzoini Composita
(P>iar's Balsam),
Benzoin, in coarse powder,
Macerate 7
J 2
Prepared storax, ^ ii
days, with ocBalsam of tolu, 1
-casional
\
agfiSocotrine aloes, gr. 160
tation
filter
Rectified spirit, O i.
make up toO 1i.
2. Benzoin is contained in Adeps
;
BeTzoat^ur and
Ung-uentum Cetacei.
Styrax Pr^paratus
4Prepared
Storax
LiQuiDAMBAR Orientalis. N.O.
LiqtddambaracecB.
A balsam prepared from the inner bark.
Purified
by so.ut.on in spirit, filtration,
and evaporation.
Description and TesTsa.
semi-transparent
brown.sh-yel bw semi-fluid balsam,
aboutL the
Lue con
consistence of thick honey.
5 Strong- balsamic odour; ag-reeable
taste.
c. Heated in a
test-tube on the vapour-bath
it
becomes more liquid, but
gives off no moisture
boiled with solution of
bichromate of potasskim and
sulphuric acid, it evolves
an odour resemb n^^that
that
almonds
ITincturBenTo^'''Pr'''^
iimctura Benzoini Composita.
'^'^"""'"S-
^"^^i"ed
EE
in
4i8
MATERIA MEDICA,
wounds,
Balsam
ulcers, bed-sores,
and skin-diseases
but
as formerly.
The tincture of benzoin (Friar's Balsam) is a
popular remedy for recent wounds. Benzoin is
present as an antiseptic in Adeps Benzoatus and
Unguentum Cetacei.
2.
Intertially
administered,
all
more or
less
Doses 01 Balsam
of Peru,
ill
lO to 15
Balsam
E. Turpentines or Oleo-Resins.
Copaifera
Copaiba Copaiva or Copaiba.
Legiminosce.
N.
O.
Langsdorffi, and other species.
The oleo-resin obtained by cutting deeply or borI
TURPENTINES OR OLEO-RESINS.
Description
viscid fluid
and
Tests.
a. A
more or
419
less
generally
b. Light yellow to pale golden brown
transparent and not fluorescent, but some varieties
are opalescent and occasionally slightly fluorescent.
c. Peculiar
aromatic odour; persistent acrid
;
somewhat
bitter taste.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaiion
Oleum CopaibcB. [See Oils.)
Action. Copaiba is a valuable diuretic, and
has also a specific action upon the genito-urinary
mucous membrane,
urethra.
especially
that
lining
the
stimulant expectorant.
It sometimes produces a rash on the skin,
somewhat resembling that of measles.
It
is
Z'ojf fl3 1 to
also a
I.
letting
DoseV(\_ 5 to 30.
EE 2
420
3.
MATERIA MEDICA,
Terebinthina Canadensis
Canada
Turpen-
tine or Balsam.
PiNus Balsamea. N.O. Conifera,
The turpentine obtained by puncturing or incisin'^the bark of the trunk and branches.
pale-yellow and
Peculiar
agreeable
terebinthinate
odour;
magnesia.
Pharmacy.
Canada balsam is
Charta Epispastica and Collodium
contained
in
Flexile.
stimulant.
Common Frankincense.
4. Thus Americanum
PiNus australis and TvEDA. N.O. Conifem. The
concrete turpentine which is scraped off the trunks.
Description.
When
fresh
it
is
a softish yellow
Pharmacy. Frankincense
plastrum Picis.
Frankincense
Action,
maceutical
stimulant.
purposes,
but
is
is
contained in
Em-
is
3.
4.
Stearoptenes.
5.
Special
6.
Glycerine.
7.
Soaps.
1.
2.
I.
oils.
oils,
all
1.
seeds of
From
oil.
dulcis.
the
N.O, Rosa-
ceae.
2.
Oleum LiniLinseed
tatissimum.
3.
From
Expressed in
oil.
the seeds of
Limmi
usi-
N.O. Linacese.
From
oil.
the
ripe
N. O. Oleaceae.
a.
The members
this
yellow.
c. Their odour
almost inodorous.
is
oil is
422
MATERIA MEDICA.
e.
They
exposure
are
to
to decompose by prolonged
becoming rancid
olive oil is the
liable
air,
most
Linseed oil
exposure to the air.
Olive
about 36.
stable.
Pharmacy.
Phosphoratum
i.
gradually
thickens by
congeals partially at
oil
Ahnond oil is
and
the solvent in
Oleum
an ingredient in Unguentum
Cetacei, Unguentum Resinse, and Unguentum Simplex and the preparations containing it.
2.
Olive oil is contained in Charta Epispastica,
Enema Magnesii Sulphatis, Linimentum Ammoniae,
Linimentum Calcis, Linimentum Camphorce, and
several Emplastra and Unguenta.
Action.
is
Externally
the
simple
fixed
oils
are
almond and
nutrients, and are also
Internally
may be used as
administered as antidotes in poisoning by corrosive
agents and alkalies olive oil is laxative, especially
olive oils
in the
form of enema.
2.
The
they
are
Britain
in
to
be
distilled
in
I.
Oleum AncthiOil of
graveolejis.
Dill.
fruits.
From Anethum
'
AROMATIC VOLATILE
b.
423
OILS.
fruit
c.
d.
Oleum Carui
Coriandrmii sativum.
2.
a.
b.
Oleum Mentha.
From
Piperita.
fresh flowering
Piperita.
c.
Oleum MentJm
From
Viridis
From
Oil of Peppermint.
peppermintJ/t'wMfl
Oil of
Spearmint.
-Ment/ia
viridis.
d.
Olaun Rosmarini
Oil
of Rosemary.
Rosmarinus
From
officinalis,
Oil of Cajeput.
mimr.
Caryophylli Oil of
Oleum Cajuputi
From
the
leaves of Melaleuca
b.
Oleum
cloves, the
Cloves.
From
Caryophyllus aromaticus.
c.
Oleum Pimentce
Oil of Pimento.
From
pimento, the dried unripe fruit of Pimcnta
officinalis.
4.
From
nobilis,
MATERIA MEDICA.
b.
c.
d.
nutmegJ/>77j-//<r Fragrans.
0.
Myris-
ticaceae.
this
Each
taste,
3.
They
ii alcohol
and
(iii^
(iv)
fruits.
AROMATIC VOLATILE
b.
425
oils.
Peppermint Water.
Spearmint Water.
(i)
(ii)
Volatile
Water,
c.
OILS.
3 ij
oil,
li.
J..
^'^"^
j
p
^
Aqua
(i)
Floris Aurantii
Distilled
bitter
and
sweet orange.
Aqua Rosa
(ii)
(iii)
d.
Rose water.
Sambuci Elder-flower water.
Aquse
plants.
Cinnamon water.
Cherry-Laurel
Pirnenta Pimento water.
Aqtia Cinnaniomi
(i)
From
the bark.
Aqua Laurocerasi
From the leaves,
(ii)
water.
Aqica
Pimento.
(iii)
From
of the
a.
Spiritus Cajuputi
Ciwiajnomi
,,
Lavandula
Volatile
d.
Mentha
Rectified
e.
b.
c.
f.
C.
Piperita
Myristica
Rosviarini
Essentia. These
tile oils
in rectified spirit
a.
Essentia
b.
oil,
spirit,
49.
A nisi
Vol
Mentha Piperita
Rectified
tile oil
spirit, 4.
426
MATERIA MEDICA.
2.
a.
volatile oils,
Oil of Lavender,
Oil of Rosemary,
90
10
Cinnamon, bruised, gr. 150
Nutmeg, bruised, gr. 150
Red Sandal-wood, gr. 300
ITL
Til
Rectified spirit,
up
2.
b.
Several volatile oils
preparations, as follows
are
to
andmake
with
contained
in
spirit.
special
Oleum CaryophylU
Colocynthidis
positum.
Some
parations, namely
Agua Me?itha
Aqua Rosa
CONCRETE
Cinnamomi
Aqua
427
OILS.
Mistura
in
Mistura
Gretas,
(i)
Syrupus Aurantii
Floris.
Orange-flower water, fl 5 S
Refined sugar, lb 3
Distilled water,
the
fl
5 16,
or a sufficiency.
Action.
strain,
orange-flower water
and
distilled
make
the product
water
to
= lb
4^.
similar
-All
actions.
as flavouring agents.
Doses
Spiritus,
Of iVolatile
of Lavender,
fl
to
fl
Oils,
3 ^ to 2
fl
Aquse, ad lib.
10 to 20; Tincture
Syrup of Orange Flower,
ni
Essentiag,
;
to 4
ill
I-
Concrete Oils.
3.
Oleum
I.
Oil of
Myristicse
Nutmeg.
Expressum
Expressed
by means
Gharacters.
sistence
or
less
nutmeg.
acid
consists
and some
in
of fixed
fat,
yielding myristic
volatile oil.
trum
Picis.
428
MATERIA MEDICA.
2.
Cacao
A coticreU
butter.
Theobroma
of
sistency of tallow
and agreeable.
It
c.
and
d.
the
usually
melts
at
95.
It
air.
Pharmacy.
Oil of theobroma is used in the
preparation of several of the Suppositories.
Stearoptenes.
4.
I.
oil.
Camphora Camphor.
stearoptene ob-
by sublimation.
Characters. a. Camphor occurs
purified
less
numerous
b
It
is
fissures
It
masses,
when of any
has
which
present
readily
powdered
if
powerful,
characteristic,
in solid colour-
size.
moistened with
c.
crystalline
translucent
penetrating
STEAROPTENES.
429
It
floats
smoky flame
heated.
It is
soluble in rectified
Pharmacy.
a.
Aqua
i.
Officinal Preparations
Camphor water.
Canij)hor<z
Macerate
Camphor, 3 \
for at least 2
days
Distilled water,
I.
I
bag.
Linimentiim Camphora
Camphor,
Olive
oil, 4.
j^j
Linijnent of Camphor.
Camphor,
52^
Oil of lavender, fl 3 i
Strong solution of
ammonia, fl 5 5
Rectified spirit,! 515.
d.
Spiritus
Camphora
Camphor,
Rectified
c.
Spirit of Camphor.
)
spirit,
and
ta-
9.!
i.
MATERIA MEDICA.
430
Camphor
2.
\%
and in Unguentum Hydrargyri Compositum, Camphor water is the solvent in Injectio Apomorphinse
Hypodermica, Injectio Ergotini Hypoderraica, and
Liquor Atropinse Sulphatis.
much
intoxication
it
produces
vcy
Of Camphor,
to 2
15 to
2.
fl
Camphor Water,
Compound Tincture,
to lo
;
I.
Menthol.
C10H20O. ^A
Mentha
gr.
lo to 30
Spirit, Til
Arvefisis,
oil distilled
stearoptene
ob-
and of Mentha
Piperita.
N.
O.
Labiatse.
a.
Menthol
is
in colour-
from
Its melting-point
reaction.
STEAROPTENES.
should be entirely dissipated by the heat of a waterbath.
Menthol
Action.
anodyne.
Internally
It
may
it
Dose
3.
is
gr.
to
Thymol.
local
chiefly used as a
regarded as an antiseptic.
be given as a carminative.
is
also
2.
C10H13HO. A
stearoptene
ob-
a.
Thymol
is
in large
The
and solutions of
alkalies.
ture of a water-bath.
/.
acetic acid,
acid,
its
bulk of glacial
Dose
gr.
to 2.
MATERIA MEDICA.
432
Special Oils.
5.
Special
Fixed
oils.
Castor
Oleum Ricini
oil.
CrotoiiisCrotoii oil
Special
Pi7ii sylvestris
Volatile oils.
Fir-
oil.
RtitcB
TerebintJmice.
A. Special Fixed
Turpeiitin e.
Oils.
I. Oleum
Ricini Castor Oil.
The oil expressed from the seeds of Ricinus communis, either
without {cold-drawu) or with the aid of heat.
N.O.
Euphorbiacese. The seeds yield about 25 to 30 per
cent, of oil.
It is composed mainly of ricinic, ricin-
oleic,
and
ricin-stearic acids,
Characters.
a.
Castor
oil
is
viscid
and colour-
SPECIAL OILS.
433
Action.
Externally castor
emollient
and
aperient.
JDose'^ 3
oil
protective.
i
may be
used as an
it
is an
Internally
to 8.
2.
oil ex-
acid.
Faint,
odour
c.
somewhat
peculiar,
and
taste oily
rancid,
disagreeable
acrid.
Limmenttim
Croton
Oil of Cajeput, 3!
Rectified spirit, 3^
Crotonis.
AcTiON.-Externally croton
internally
it
acts as a powerful
DoseV(y ^
t^-f;/!-^^
dtstillahon
several oils
to
oil,
oil
is
Mix.
j
a pustulant.
drastic purgative.
i.
"'^^
may
all
facts
obtained by
relating
to
the
be readily summarized.
E^ch has a
peculiar and characteristic
odour and taste.
I.
Legummosae
40 per cent, of
of Copaiva.
From
oil.
NO
FF
MATERIA MEDICA.
434
Action.
The
Dose
copaiva
to those of
2.
:
,
HI
{See Copaiba.)
itself.
5 to 20.
in Britain
of Cubebs,
N. 0. Piperacese.
from Cubebs.
Distilled
Colour-
less or greenish-yellow.
Action.
The
3.
oil
Dose
{See Cubebs.)
of
in.
cubebs acts
cubebs.
like
5 to 20.
Eucalyptus.
of
From the fresh leaves of Eiualyptiis Globulus, Eucalyptus Amygdalince, and probably other species.
N. 0. Myrtacese. Colourless, or pale straw-coloured,
becoming darker and thicker by exposure. It has an
aromatic odour, and a spicy and pungent flavour,,
It is;
leaving a sensation of coldness in the mouth.
Soluble
Sp. gr. about o 900.
neutral to test-paper.
in about an equal weight of alcohol.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Unguentum Eucalypti.
Oil of Eucalyptus,
weight, I
Soft Paraffin, 2
Hard Paraffin,
by
Melt the
the
paraffins,
oil,
and
stirt
^^^-j ^^j^^
2.
valuable:
Action Externally oil of eucalyptus is a
used as-:
also
is
it
and
antiseptic and disinfectant;
Internally
an inhalation.
septic, and
is,
it
is
employed
as an anti-
moreover, believed to be an
Dose\\\
anti--
to 4.
of Juniper.
Distilled
'
Juniperus communis.
or pale greenish-yellow.
SPECIAL OILS.
Pharmacy.
435
Officinal Preparation
Oleum
Pini Sylvestris
Fir-Wood Oil.
leaves of Finus sylvestris.
N.O.
Coniferse. Colourless or nearly so, with an aromatic
lavender-like odour, and a pungent but not unpleasant
flavour.
Sp. gr. not below 0-870.
Soluble in about
seven tmies its volume of rectified spirit.
Pharmacy. Officinal Preparation
Vapor Olei Pini Sylvestris.
5.
From
the
fresh
Rub
the
Fir-Wood Oil, tn 40
Light Carbonate of Mag- "^""^ 7^^^^ to P^^^e fl 5 i.
One
nesium, gr. 20
^"'^ drachm to be
Water, a sufficiency.
used with O^ each of
cold water and boil-
yng
Action. -Fir-wood
tion, acting as
oil
water.
is
^^^^-Oil
of Rue.
From
the fresh
A^aRutace^.
Pale
^ stimulant and
carminative, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, and
oxytocic.
Dose
I to 4.
ni wi^^"~;^''^T"'^"^
rubefacient.
Internally
^
it
is
7-
of Savin.
Distilled
of>..>..':^St'
^v.a Coniferae. Colourless
S^^"conit*r^r\^P^
or pale yellow.
FF
MATERIA MEDICA.
436
Action.
Oil
of savin
is
emmena-
used as an
Dose
to 4.
iTi i
Oleum
8.
From
the
wood
about 0*96.
Action.-
-Oil
wood
of sandal
Dose
membrane.
1T\,
administered
in-
10 to 30.
9.
is
Distilled
and
ether,
and
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Oil of Mustard,
Mezereon,
Camphor,
Castor
gr.
oil,
Rectified
fl
fl
of
Extract
Ethereal
40
120
gr.
spirit,
camphor in the
and add the oils.
3 5
spirit,
fl
4,
When
strong
diluted
10
tine."
it
will
it is
stimulant.
act as a rubefacient or
Oil
Terebinthinse
Distilled, usually by aid
Oleum
of Turpen-
ils
SPECIAL OILS.
437
a.
Co>ifectio Terebinthince.
Oil of Turpentine, fl 5 i
Liquorice root, in powder,
s I
Clarified
b.
Enema
Honey, 5
2.
Terebinthince,
Oil of Turpentine,
fl
Mucilage of Starch,
Linimentum
fl
Mix.
15.
Terebinthince.
Soft soap, 5 2
Distilled water,
Camphor, 5
fl
Oil of Turpentine,
fl
1 6.
d.
Liniment of Camphor,
e.
Unguentim
Mix.
4.
Terebinthince.
Oil of Turpentine, fl i
Resin, in coarse powder,
gr- 54
bath, and stir the
Yellow wax, 5 ^
mixture constantly
Prepared lard, 5 i.
while it cools,
Action.
Externally oil of turpentine may be
employed as an antiseptic, vesicant, rubefacient,
or stimulant.
Internally it has numerous actions,
and is employed for various purposes, namely,
as a
carminative, stimulant, diuretic, anthelmin-
MATERIA MEDICA.
438
antispasmodic,
tic,
haemostatic,
and
expec-
torant.
tion, as
Doses
It
Of
Oil,
6.
Glycerinum
ill
lo,
3 4; Confection,
fl
gr.
60
to 120.
Glycerine
is
Glycerine.
a.
Glycerine
is
When decomposed by
heat,
fluids,
a clear
i
'
250.
evolves intensely'
it
irritating vapours.
e.
Its solution is not affected by nitrate of silver,
sulphydrate of ammonium, oxalate of ammonium, or
chloride of barium ; and does not alter the colour of
moistened blue or red litmus paper. Shaken with an
equal volume of sulphuric acid, no coloration, or only
Glycerine
Pharmacy.
is
pharmacy.
I.
The
include
a.
h.
c.
officinal
Acidi Gallici
Acidi Tannici
|=
in 4.
SOUPS.
Glycerinum Aluminis = i in
Amyli = i in 8.
d.
e.
Boracis
/,
g.
A.
is
Linimentum
Unguentum
3.
_
^-3irii4
an ingredient in Extractum
also
all
Linimentum
the Lamellae,
Potassii lodidi
in 6.
Tragacanthffi
Cinchonse Liquidum,
lodi,
=i
5.
Plumbi Subacetatis
Glycerine
2.
439
lodi.
Glycerine of Starch
is
an ingredient
in
some of
the Suppositories.
Dose
fl
to
2,
7.
Sapones
Soaps.
officinal soaps,
namely
fat
Made
with
consisting principally
of stearin.
2.
and
3.
and olive
Made
with soda
oil.
Made
with potash
oil.
MATERIA MEDICA.
440
when
Incinerated
it yields an ash
soap has similar
characters, but is greyish-white. Soft soap is yellowishgreen and of a gelatinous consistence. Soluble in
rectified spirit
not imparting an oily stain to paper.
Incinerated it yields an ash which is very deUquescent,
All the soaps should be inodorous.
Hard
a.
Einplastrum Saponis.
Curd
Lead
soap, 6
at
plaster,
Resin,
36
liquefied
i.
evaporate, con-
stantly stirring.
Curd soap,
in
pow-
ID
Yellow wax, 5 12^
Oxide of lead, 5 15
Olive oil, O i
Vinegar, C i.
der,
/
\
con-
stirring
tinuously, to the
consis-
^tence of plaster.
c.
Liniinentum Saponis.
Hard
soap, in
shavings, 5 2
Camphor,
^
5
^
^
Add
fine
Oil of rosemary, fl 3 3
Rectified spirit, fl 5 16
Distilled water, fl 3 4.
dients
.
agitation
and
filter.
d.
I
in 6 nearly.
Sapotiis
{See
Composita.
Contains
Opium,
Opium.)
The
2.
d.
Linifne?itum Saponis in
Action.
Soaps
Linimentum
are chiefly
employed
and emollients.
aperient enemata.
Soap
is
often
Opii.
for
pharma-
detergents
administered
in
AND
EXTRACTS.
This group includes certain drugs which are of
or less complex composition, and cannot
be referred to any of the groups already considered.
Each drug must be discussed separately, and they
may be taken in alphabetical order.
a more
Aloe
Aloes. This is the juice, when inspiswhich flows from the transversely cut bases of
the leaves of certain species of Aloe. N. O. Liliacese.
There are two officinal varieties, namely :
a. Aloe Barbadcnsis
Barbadoes Aloes, obtained
from the Aloe vulgaris.
Imported from Barbadoes
and the Dutch West Indian islands, and known in
commerce as Barbadoes and Curagoa Aloes.
b. Aloe SocotrinaSocotrine
Aloes, obtained from
Aloe Perryi, and probably other species.
Imported
prmcipally by way of Bombay and Zanzibar,
and
known m commerce as Socotrine and Zanzibar Aloes.
I.
sated,
MATERIA MEDICA.
442
sizes,
may be
thus contrasted
Barbadoes.
Socotrine.
of
translucent and
of an orange-brown tint.
6. Fracture usually dull and
waxy, or sometimes smooth
in thin films
and
c.
d.
brown.
glassy.
Powder
Odour
agreeable
nauseous.
dull olive-yellow.
strong
taste
and
dis-
bitter
and
d.
and
and
Powder
c.
bright
tawny
reddish-brown.
d. Odour strong and somewhat agreeable ; taste very
bitter.
(The Cura5oa variety is commonly more glassy and translucent, and has a distinctive
odour.)
spirit.
A. Preparations
common
Neutral
a.
Aloin.
(See
6.
Enema
Aloes.
to both varieties.
Principles.)
Aloes,
gr. 40
j
Carbonate of potassium, gr. 15 1
Mucilage of starch, fl 3 10.
J
_
c.
.J
Extractum Aloes
j^^j^
^ub
tgo-ether.
Barbadensis.
Barbadoes or Socotrine
443
air to dryness.
,
Ftiula Aloes
\
{
Barbadetisis.
iiocolnjice.
nutmeg
(in Socotrine),
Confection of roses, 3
Pilula Aloes
roughly
mixed.
Barbadoes Aloes,
et Ferri.
Barbadoes aloes,
powder, 2
in
Powder the
Sulphate of iron, i\
Compound powder of
sulphate,
rub with
the other
powders, add the con-
fection,
cinnamon, 3
a uniform mass.
Confection of roses, 4
C.
all
i.
B. Special Preparation of
a.
fl
Beat
together
until tho-
.1
-i
Boa
vie.)
5I
Myrrh
Saffron
for
Carbonate of
potassium
Extract of Liquorice,
cardamoms,
fl
five
5 15
a
minutes
add
moms
Compound tincture of
Distilled
(Baume de
macerate for 2
strain through
flannel ; and pour water
hours
water,
strainer to
sufficiency.
^
make
fl
5 50.
MATERIA MEDICA.
444
which
Pihda Aloes
et AsafoetidcB.
Beat
Pihda Aloes
et
to-
i.
Myrrh, i
Dried saffron, ^
Treacle, i
Glycerine,
cle
and
and
glycerine,
suffi-
ciency.
Tinctiira Aloes.
Macerate
powder, 5 \
in
Extract of Liquorice, 5
Proof spirit, a
e.
all
Myrrh(p.
Socotrine aloes, 2
d.
Vinum
filter
and
to
i.
Aloes.
^
Socotrine aloes, 5
Ginger, in coarse pow-
der, gr,
8q
Cardamom
>
seeds,
Macerate
days
for
filter
make up
bruised, gr, 80
Sherry,
press
make up
sufficiency.
for 7 days
spirit
5 15 of
fl
to
and
0 2.
2.
The
Barhadoes
Aloes in
its
Colocynthidis Composita.
et
Hyoscyami.
Aloes in
Pilula
Rhei Composita.
Aloes
445
Action.
is
slowly
acting
2.
Tincture,
fl
Catechu
to 2
Extract, gr.
to 6
Catechu. An
and young shoots of Uncaria Gambier. N.O. CinChonaceae. Catechu consists chiefly of catechutannic acid and catechin, mixed with gum.
^
.
Characters.
a.
Catechu occurs
in
cubes, about
an inch square
cinnamon-brown.
c. Dry breaking readily with a dull, earthy fracture.
;
d.
Pharmacy.
a.
i.
Officinal Preparations
Infusum Catechu.
n fl
II
half
nour,and
stram.
Powder
Catechu, 4
Kino, 2
Rhatany,, 2
Cinnamon,
Nutmeg, I.
and
mix
thoroughly ;
pass
through a fine sieve ;
and finally rub lightly
in a mortar.
446
MATERIA MEDICA.
c.
Tinctura Catechu.
5 I
Proof
and make up
spirit,
2.
is
days
strain,
press,
filter
to
i.
i.
J
Trochisci Catechu.
d.
Macerate
Cinnamonbarkjbruised,,
Made
gr. i
Alkalies
metallic salts
gelatine.
to 2
fl
3 i to 2
Lozenges,
to
6.
3.
Squirting
N. O. Cucurbitacese.
juice of the
offici7iaru}n.
a neutral substance.
Preparation. Cut the very nearly ripe fruit lengthand lightly press out the juice. Strain through
a hair-sieve, and set it aside to deposit.
Carefully
pour off the supernatant liquid pour the sediment on
a linen filter and dry it on porous tiles in a warm
wise,
friable,
flat
a.
Elaterium occurs
or slightly curved,
opaque
in
cakes,
d.
Odour
feint, tea-like
fied spirit.
taste bitter
its
and
acrid.
weight to boiling
recti-
It
Adulterations.
Chalk and
Elaterium
starch.
Pharmacy.
is
it
is
Gutta Percha.
and of
Sapotaceae.
giitta;
The
several
Characters. a. Gutta percha is in tough, somewhat flexible pieces, of a light brown or chocolate
colour; plastic above 120.
b. Insoluble in water, alcohol, alkaline solutions, or
dilute acids ; but almost entirely soluble in chloroform, and entirely so in oil of turpentine, carbon
disulphide, or benzol.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
sided
Charta Sinapis.
Action. The solution of gutta percha is protective, a film remaining after the evaporation of the
chloroform.
Gutta percha is much used in surgical
practice.
448
MATERIA MEDICA.
KmoThe juice
5.
in the
without
N.O. Leguminos^.
artificial heat.
consists mainly
of kino-tannic acid,
gum, and other substances.
Characters.
b.
small
in
'
angular
fragments.
brittle
and
Kino occurs
Kino
with kino-red
in thin laminae,
and ruby-red.
Almost
yields
little
red.
Pharmacy. I.
Officinal Preparations
a.
Kino
ic,
roughly
Opium I
Cinnamon
tho-
pass through a
"""^ '^S^^'y
>
in a mortar.
Tinctura Kino.
3 3
Distilled wat?r, fl 5 5
Rectified
2.
^''^ ^^^^^
bark, 4.
\
b.
Ki7io
is
^^^^rate
^21,days
fl
spirit,
fl
filter
and
?2.
an ingredient
in Pulvis
Catechu Com-
positus,
3.
Incompatibles.
carbonates
Mineral
metallic salts
acids
alkalies
Of
Dose
gr. 5 to
20
Kino,
gr.
Tincture,
10 to 30;
3 ^ to 2.
fl.
and
their
gelatine.
locally used
Compound Powder,
Manna.
tained by
concrete saccharine
exudation ob-
making
80 per cent),
matter.
_
It
titic
convex,
b.
flat
Of a
stalac-
nearly
white externally.
c.
Manna
is
and
crystalline in
texture.
d.
Odour
honey-like,
faint,
combmed
ness.
-
e.
/.
Manna
is
in 6).
by boiling manna
spirit, from which it will
Action. Manna
is
Dose
i.
gr.
60 to 5
a pleasant laxative.
neutral princi-
but,
GG
otherwise
MATERIA MEDICA.
450
used
Characters.
a species of Rumex.
b.
When
coarsely
moist,
brown
plastic,
it is
granular,
ing to blackish-brown.
c.
Odour
taste nauseously
bitter.
Opium
differs
its strength in
B. P. describes fully a quantitative test to determine
widely in
it
it
it
sometimes has
sold
is
its
and may
Pharmacy,
i.
Officinal Preparations
The
45
Emplastnim Opii=\
in 10.
(
Opium,
Resin
powder,
in finest
plaster, 9.
(
b.
2.
r^^
filter.
c.
Confedio Opii=
in 40, nearly.
Compound powder
Syrup,
b.
of opium, gr.
Mix.
\
3.
Opii.
gr. ^-^ about gr. i of opium.
Should yield about 20 per cent, of morphine.
Made by three successive macerations of
Extractic77i
powdered opium
pression
flannel
c.
22 grains of Extract
Should yield about i per
Sp. gr. 0-985 to 0*995.
Macerate the exExtract of opium, i
tract in the water for
Distilled water, fl 5 16
an
hour,
stirring
in
5 I, nearly.
cent, of morphine.
fl
Rectified
spirit,
fl
4.
spirit
Opium,
in powder,
in
6,
and
filter.
nearly.
^^^^
Hard
soap, in powder, 4
Glycerine, a sufficiency.
opium
""^^ ^^P'
into a unifomi
'
with glycerine.
GG
beat
mass
MATERIA MEDICA.
452
e.
f.
g.
h.
in 8.
mm
Opio=
in 20.
=1
in 10.
in 40.
10.
Opium, 3
Black pepper, 4
Ginger, 10
Caraway
fruit,
Tragacanth,
k.
/.
Powder separately,
and mix.
12
i.
gr. i in
fl
5.
opium.
Macerate
Opium,
Proof
days
in powder, 5
spirit,
O i.
and
filter
make up
m.
strain, press,
and
to
i.
= gr.
imn
I
96.
gr. 100''
powder,
in
Opium,
gr.
180
small,
cut
Saffron,
Benzoic acid, gr. 180
fl
Oil of anise, fl 3
Strong solution
ammonia,
Rectified
fl
spirit,
agitation
of
5 4
fl
16.
7 days
occasional
Macerate
with
press,
and
filter;:
and make up
I.
strain,
toi
^ of
of
tincture
acacia,
453
Extract of Opium
Made
of morphine.
tolu,
refined
sugar,
gum
gr.
22 oi Extract of Opium,
gr. \ of morphine in
= about
nearly, in fl 5 i
fl3 I.
Extract of opium, 5
Macerate
7 days,
75
tation,
and
filter.
C.
Enema
a.
Opii.
Tincture of opium, fl 3 J
Mucilage of starch, fl 5 2.
b.
2.
Opium
and codeine
is
;
j^j^
= gr.
i in
each.
and
The
3.
compatible
with
opium
Action. Opium
drugs
in
the
MATERIA MEDICA.
454
circumstances
It is not,
a myotic when administered internally.
however, used for this purpose, but the degree of
contraction of the pupils affords an indication as to
how far the system is under the influence of the drug.
With regard to the circulatory system, opium is temporarily a cardiac and vascular stimulant, but
afterwards becomes a sedative, and ultimately a
a sei-viceable
a valuable pul-
as
is
monary
455
ALKALOIDS.
many cases a remarkable influence
amoun/of sugar passed with
in
m lessenmg the
^
J
supposed to be due to its
diabetes, this effect being
of
function
glycogenic
modifying influence upon the
relation
In
metabolism.
Sie Uver and upon general
regarded as an
is
opium
organs,
sexual
the
to
.
which need
of the drugs the effects of
there are
dose
full
a
After
to be closely watched.
a clammy or dry
usuaUy unpleasant symptoms, namely,
appetite, conmouth, furred tongue, thirst, loss of
point, or
certain
Beyond a
stipation, and headache.
as a
dangerous
it becomes
''^OiTumTone
depressant.
narcotic poison, and cardiac and respiratory
is an
pupils
the
of
state
the
As already mentioned,
the
on
opium
of
effects
the
of
important indication
sex,
age,
by
influenced
much
are
These
system.
habit, nature of the disease, and idiosyncrasy.
^oses^Of Opium,
gr.
i to
Extract, gr. i to 2 ;
Compound Soap PiU, gr. 3 to 5
20
Confection,
gr. 5 to
Liquid Extract, lU 10 to 40
of Ipecacuanha
Opium, gr. 3
with
Lead
Pill
of
10
to
with Squill, gr. 5
gr. 10 to
Opium,
and
Chalk
of
Powder
Aromatic
to 5
;
Pill
gr. 5 to
15;
40; Compound Ipecacuanha Powder,
Compound Kino Powder, gr. 5 to 20 Compound
Opium Powder, gr. 2 to 5 Compound Tincture of
Camphor, Til 45 to fl 3 i ; Tincture of Opium, 1U 5
Ammoniated Tincture, fl 3 i to i ; Lozenges,
to 40
I to 6 ; Wine, ttl id to 40.
;
Group
XV.ALKALOIDS.
MATERIA MEDICA.
456
Name.
Aconitina
Source
Aconiti Radix.
Apomorphinse Hydrochloras Morphina or Codeina.
_
^ ..
Atropina
Belladonnse Radix.
Atropinse Sulphas
Atropina.
BeberinEe Sulphas
Nectandree Cortex.
Caffeina .
Camellia Thea (leaves) and
Caffea Arabica (seeds).
.
CafFeinas Citras
7.
Caffeina.
Cinchonidinse Sulphas
9. Cinchoninse Sulphas
10. Cocainse Hydrochloras
8.
Jcinchonas Cortex.
Codeina
{Morphinse Acetas
Morphinae Hydrochloras
Morphinse Sulphas
13. Physosdgmina
11.
Pilocarpinse Nitras
/Quininse
v^uinmse nyaroci
Hydrochloras
J
-'\Quininag Sulphas
16. Strychnina
17. Veratrina
14.
Erythroxylon Coca
(leaves).
Opium.
jOpium.
Faba (Alco-
Physostigmatis
holic Extract).
Jaborandi (Extract)-
J,
|cinchonse Cortex.
Nux Vomica.
Sabadilla.
In discussing these alkaloids it will be more convenient to bring together those which are obtained
Morphina
Morphine. Ci^HigNOg.
2.
of
Morphinse Hydrochloras
Hydrochlorate
Morphine. Ci7Hi9N03,HCl,3H20.
457
ALKALOIDS.
is
in successive quantities
to strong pressure
finally
it
subjecting
of cold water,
unite the decanted liquors; evaporate; and stram
a.
through calico.
(A concentrated infusion of mcconates and sulphate;,
resins,
of morphine and codeine is obtained, with
extractive matters, &c.)
in a
and press
and
if
the mass
Add
solution of
ammojiia in
slight excess.
Col-
distilled
by
nitric acid.
{Morphine
tion
is
is
washed
free
from codeine.)
MATERIA MEDICA.
458
is
cooling.
h. A small quantity of morphine may be obtained
from the dark expressed liquids, by diluting them
with water precipitating with solution of potash in
;
much
ammonia.
diluted
459
ALKALOIDS.
on
Drain and dry the crystals
oy
obtamea
be
may
More crystals
naper
agam
liquor, and
eva'po'ating the mother
and
to cool
filterina
toher^
crystallize.
head
this
aH
'"^
is
white powder or
is in
the
together._
a white powder,
-^^'^^^/mI
.^^^f
Su/J>/iaie
lustre.
thin prisms of a silky
crystals.
colourless, silky, acicular
water {acefate
soluble
i in 2,,
d They are all
and
The
/^ydroc/J-afe and sulpM^e i in 24).
the
spirit,
in rectified
hydrochlorate are readily soluble
^vl
solutior^
The several
greenish-blue.
of perchloride of iron,
acids.
respective
their
of
tests
salts yield the usual
air, the salts oi
of
access
free
with
d. Ignited
morphine leave no residue.
form
monia
which, after
in slight excess yields a precipitate
Hydrochlorate.
a water-
slightest
of warm water, with ammonia added in the
precipicrystalline
a
cooHng
possible excess, gives on
tate which,
little
Pharmacy.
a.
Injectio
tion of
Officijial
Preparations
Morphince Hypodermica.
acetate
prepared
i.
of morphine-
from a solution
gx.
of the
in
^^This is
a solu-
10.
It is
ill
hydrochlorate,
by
46o
MATERIA MEDICA.
light.
IAceiatis.
Bimeconatis.
Hydrochloratis.
The strength of the Sohitmis of Acetate and Hydrochlorate of Morphine is about i in loo, and they are
made by dissolving 9 grains of the respective salts in
a mixture of
spirit,
fl
Distilled water,
fl
ITL
18
5 ^
5 i^.
acetic acid.
about
salt,
or 5^ grains in
it
fl 5 i.
about the
prepared by
is
It is
and
dissolving.
c-
c.
J.J.
-J
Suppositoria
Morphince.
j^^^^/>,^ cum Sapone.
461
ALKALOIDS.
d.
Irochisa
Morphines,
Mgypkincz
et
Ipecacuanha.
Hydrochlorate of Morphine
Tindura Chlorofonni
3.
Incompatibles.
et
is
Morphincn =
-Alkalies
an ingredient
gr,
in
fl
in
i.
mucous
than
a local
likely
MATERIA MEDICA,
462
and
its
remote
more
rapidly pro-
As a rule morphine
duced, but of shorter duration.
is to be recommended in preference to opium as an
anodyne, hypnotic,
or
anti-spasmodic, and
it
cardiac sedative. It is
antagonist to atropine, and
or
selves, or
by opium or belladonna
Mormentioned
respectively.
to 6.
Characters
by
recrystallization
and
Tests.
a.
from
In
ether.
colourless
or
ammonia,
acids.
readily
soluble
in
spirit
and
in
diluted
ALKALOIDS.
solution has a bitter taste
The aqueous
c.
and an
alkaline reaction.
d.
The
warmed
a colourless solution, which, when gently
molybdate of ammonium or a trace of perchloride of
Moistened with
iron, assumes a deep blue colour.
but
not red.
yellow
strong nitric acid it becomes
with
Codeine
is
chiefly
reheving cough.
Dose
3.
gr.
to
2.
HydrochloApomorphinse Hydrochloras
rate of Apomorphine. Ci^Hi^NOa, HCl.
Source and
an
a.
Small, greyish-white,
and
on exposure
air.
Soluble in
parts
From
when
boiled.
of sodium throws
a precipitate which becomes green on standing,
and then forms a purple solution with ether, violet
with chloroform, and bluish-green with alcohol. With
dilute solution of perchloride of iron it gives a deep
red, and with nitric acid a blood-red coloration.
d.
down
solutions, bicarbonate
MATERIA MEDICA.
464
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
Hydrochlorate of apomorphine,
Camphor
water,
ttl
gr. 2
100.
Dissolve
and filter.
Dose
Of Hypodermic
Injection,
Ttl 2
to 8.
Two
namely
Quinina
salts
Quinine. C20H24N2O2.
of quinine are
now
{(C2oH24N202)2H2S04)2,ISH20.
Source and Preparation. The
salts of quinine
Cincho7ia and
of
kinds
various
from
obtained
are
with an
distilled water, and setting the
times its weight of hot
half-an-hour.
60
for
mixture aside at
ALKALOIDS.
larger.
b. The sulphate is sparingly soluble in water (i in
700 or 800), the solution being fluorescent, presenting
bitter taste.
When
in ether.
e.
Dried
at
sulphate lose
9 per cent
212,
3 8
air,
both
salts
burn
Dissolve with a
heat; filter
after
standing
three days.
little
I
HH
466
h.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Tinctw'a QuinincE Ammoniata.
Sulphate of quinme,
Dissolve in the spirit
gr. 1 60
with a little heat, am'
Solution of ammonia,
add the solution oi
ainmonia.
Proof
spirit,
c.
115171
Vifuem QiiinincE.
Sulphate
gr. 20
of quinine,\
Dissolve
and
Orange wine,
30
i.
the
citric
then
the
quinine;
filter
aftei
standing three days.
is
con-
organisms.
Internally, according to the dose adminisquinine is chiefly employed as a stomachic
tonic, general tonic, antipyretic, or antiperiodic, having also a marked curative influence in
relation to the effects of malaria upon the system.
It further checks the movements of leucocytes, and
Quinine has
thus tends to diminish suppuration.
It is a
been recommended as an emmenagogue.
drug that needs caution in its administration ; it not
uncommonly disturbs the digestive organs, causing
tered,
disorders, nausea or
digestive
loss
of appetite,
vomiting; while in large doses it gives rise to the
phenomena termed "cinchonism" or "quinism,"
namely, headache, a feeling of frontal tension, noises
in the ears,
more
and giddiness
symptoms occur, such as delirium, muscular weakness,
In some persons
convulsions, and cardiac failure.
of these effects.
less
or
even small doses produce more
;
ALKALOIDS.
467
AVine,
Of Hydrochlorate or
to
fl
10 or more
5 i to
Sulphate of Quinine,
either Tincture,
3 ^ to 2
fl
i.
Cinchonidinae Sulphas
Sulphate of
Cinchomdine.-(C2oH24N20)2,H2SO3H20.
2.
The
sulphate of an
may be
and
finally
from alcohol,
colourless
silky
Soluble
in
water,
alcohol,
ammonia
d.
It twists
'
and a
left,
and
on drying
HH
468
MATERIA MEDICA.
3.
Cinchonine. (C2oH24N20)2,H2S04,2H20.
other
alkaloids,
purifying
after
it
with
the
spirit
alkaloid
with
until free
from
allowing to crystallize.
a.
Hard,
colourless,
The aqueous
and a
The
is not fluorescent.
pure sulphuric acid without
change of colour, and the fluid undergoes no apparent
right
e.
its
The
acidified solution
salt dissolves in
Action. The sulphates of cinchonine and cinchonidine have actions similar to those of quinine,
they
for which they are employed as substitutes, but
effects.
are much less powerful and certain in their
Cinchonine is said to be from a third to half as
powerful as quinine.
{See
Quinine.)
to 10.
ALKALOIDS.
C.
I.
Aconitina
Radix.
Acoiiiti
469
Aconitine.
Obtained
N. O. Ranunculacese.
from
The
c.
The
is
exhausted.
through
paper.
(An
is
is distilled off,
and
on cooling,
infusion
this is filtered
containing
salts
of
aconitine is formed.)
d.
Sohction
of ammonia
liquid in slight
excess,
is
added to the filtered
and the mixture is gently
(Impure aconitine
is
pre-
cipitated.)
The
coarsely
distiUed
off.
When
diluted
exposure to
is
white
MATERIA MEDICA,
470
in
(i
d.
It
melts
flame, leaving
when
no residue
air.
Pharmacy
Officinal Preparation:
Unguentum
Aco7iiiina.
Aconitine, gr. 8
Rectified spirit,
Benzoated
Action.
anodyne
numbness.
and
mix thoroughly with
tine in the spirit,
fl
lard,
Aconitine
is
3 5
i-
the lard.
2. Atropina
Atropine. Ci,H23N03. Obtained
from Belladonna Radix. N.O. Atropaceae.
Slaked lime is
shaken
is then occasionally
(Colouring matters are precipitated.)
b.
which
several
times.
ALKALOIDS.
no longer smells of alcohol, and then allowed to cooL
(A watery solution of salts of atropine, resins, sulphuric
acid, and calcic sulphate is formed.)
e. Solution of carbonate of potassium is added very
constant stirring, nearly to neutraliSet aside for six hours (resin precipitated)
filter; and add carbonate of potassium to a decided
{Atropine is precipitated.)
alkaline reaction.
cautiously, with
zation.
When
drawn
it is
dis-
off
tilled off
/i.
The
rectified spirit ;
it) ;
and the solution filtered, evaporated,
and cooled, until colourless crystals are obtained^
which are those of atropine.
colorize
Sparingly
in water (i
soluble
in rectified spirit (i in 8)
c.
The
and
solution in water
is
in
in the
is
500)
more
in ether (i in 20).
alkaline
and has a
bitter taste.
d.
access of
e.
It gives a citron-yellow precipitate
chloride of gold.
Pharmacy.
a.
Officinal Preparations
Atropince. Sulphas.
atropine,
free
air.
which
is
made
This
is
with
per-
an important
in the following
way
salt of
472
MATERIA MEDICA.
neutral.
b. LamcllcR Atropines.
Discs of gelatine, with some
glycerine, each weighing about
grain, and containing soVs- grain of sulphate of atropine.
c.
^
d.
per cent.
Dissolve.
Unguentum Atropine.
Atropine,
Rectified
gr.
spirit,
Benzoated
lard,
3
51.
fl
|
)
to
Of Solution of Sulphate,
Beberinse Sulphas Sulphate of Beberine.
Dose
3.
Ttx i
4.
ALKALOIDS.
473
formed.)
concentrated ; cooled ; milk of
lime gradually added, with agitation, but taking care
and
that the fluid still retains a distinct acid reaction
the mixture allowed to stand for two hours.
(Colouring matters are precipitated.)
c.
Filter through calico ; wash the precipitate with
a little cold water ; and to the filtrate add solution of
ammonia until it has a faint ammoniacal odour.
beberine, with colouring matters, &c., is
b.
The
solution
is
(Impure beberine
precipitated.)
is
e.
Add
distilled
water
distil to
stirring, diluted
sulphuric acid, till the fluid has a slight acid reaction.
(This is a solution of nearly pure sulphate of beberine.)
f. Evaporate to dryness on the water-bath ; pulverize ; pour on the powder gradually cold distilled water,
syrupy consistence
lain or glass
bottles.
and
in alcohol.
MATERIA MEDICA.
474
c.
It
taste.
The watery
d.
yellowish-white
agitating the mixture with twice its volume of ether.
The ethereal solution, separated by a pipette and
evaporated, leaves a yellow translucent residue, en-
air,
'Sulphate of bebe-
Dose
I
^"
I
gr. i to lo.
Caffeina
Caffeine.
Caffeinae Citras Citrate of Caffeine.
i.
Caffeine is an
C8Hi(),N402,H20, (also named Theme and
Guaranine), usually obtained from the dried leaves of
Camellia T/iea, N.O. Ternstrcemiaceae, or the dried
seeds of Coffea Arabica, N.O. Cinchonacese, by
evaporating aqueous infusions from which astringent
and colouring matters have been removed.
alkaloid,
2.
and
in
Citrate of caffeine
citric acid,
DissolvelS^^^.^,7^'5^'fl
Distilled water, fl
(
\,
and
stir
)'
Evaporate to
Caffeine, 5 i, into the heated solution.
dryness in a water-bath, constantly stirring towards
Reduce to a fine powder.
the end of the operation.
silky,
acicular crystals.
a.
Caffei7ie is in colour-
The
citrate is
a white
powder.
preparations are inodorous, but have a
b. Both
faintly bitter taste, the citrate being also acid.
c.
Caffeine is neutral, but the citrate has an acid
'
reaction on litmus.
ALKALOIDS.
475
With a
chloroform and i part of rectified spirit.
water it forms a clear syrupy solution, which on
dilution yields a white precipitate of caffeine that
redissolves when 10 parts of water have been added.
e.
At 212 the crystals of caffeine lose 8*49 per
cent, of their weight, and at a higher temperature
The
melt and volatihze without decomposition.
citrate, heated in the air, chars and burns, leaving a
littie
mere
trace of ash.
The
5.
476
MATERIA MEDICA.
and ether
decolorizing
chloric acid,
neutralizing
recrystalUzing,
and
with hydro-
Pharmacy.
LajnellcR
Officinal Preparation
Discs
Wo
gi"-
Action. Cocaine is mainly used as a local anoor anaesthetic, having a remarkable effect on
mucous surfaces when applied to them it speedily
paralyses the sensory nerves, and causes anaemia by
contracting the small vessels.
It has been more
especially employed in connection with the eye,
throat, and larynx, but is now made use of in surgical
practice in the performance of operations upon other
dyne
mucous
surfaces.
It
produces more or
restorative,
Dose
gr.
does not
less
like coca.
3-
to
i.
Physostigmine or
C15H21N3O2.
Source and Preparation. An alkaloid obtained
6.
Physostigmina
Eserine.
from
the
Alcoholic Extract of
Calabar Bean, by
477
ALKALOIDS.
adding bicarbonate of
dissolving the extract in water,
ether, and evaporasodium, shaking the mixture with
ting the ethereal liquid.
or
colourless
In
pinkish crystals.
readily soluble
Slightly soluble in water,
b.
acids.
diluted
in
alcohol and
an alkalme reaction.
c The aqueous solution has
with dilute solution of
i. When warmed or shaken
evaporated to
potash it becomes red, and when
residue, the
bluish
a
leaves
dryness over a water-bath
dichroic,
beautifully
is
which
of
acidified solution
m
.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparations
Discs of
Lamella Physostigmince.
about
weighing
each
glycerine,
some
containing
gelatine,
with
grain,
and
of physostigmine.
gr. yoijo
Action. Physostigmine
has
similar
actions
to
7.
antagonist
and
to atropine
Pilocarpinge
chloral.
pine. CaHieN^O^.HNOa.
Source and Preparation.
The
nitrate of
an
alkaloid
nitric acid,
and purifying by
powder or
in acicular crystals.
recrystallization.
a.
In a white crystalline
478
MATERIA MEDICA.
solution, which,
Dose 01 Nitrate,
8.
gr.
-^-^
to \.
alkaloid
N.'o.
Lo-
and
when
is
obtained.)
cold.
(strychnine
and
brucine,
with
precipitated.)
479
ALKALOIDS.
{Strychnine, with a
white adherent crust
little
;
rectified spirit,
h.
aside
to
crystallize.
More
crystals
may be
and
set
obtained
liquor.
Strychnine occurs in
or prisms
octahedrons
minute crystals = right square
a.
colourless.
It has no odour ; but an intensely bitter taste.
Sparingly soluble in cold water (i in 5760), but
imparts to the solution its bitter taste ; boiling water
(i in 2500); soluble in boiling rectified spirit and in
chloroform, but not in absolute alcohol or in ether.
d. It leaves no ash when burned with free access
b.
c.
of
air.
e.
acid.
Strychnine
sium
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparation
gr-
Diluted
acid,
hydrochloric
TTL
Rectified
14
spirit,
Distilled water,
fi
fl
5 i^-
speedily
Strychnine, in crystals^
hue,
= shout
in 100.
48o
MATERIA MEDICA.
Dose-Oi Strychnine,
gr.
^ ^
to
Solution,
Tti
to ID.
9.
Veratrina
Veratrine.
An
alkaloid or mix-
N.O. Melanthacese.
them
b.
in a coffee-mill.
Make them
7-ectified spirit,
is
formed.)
times
its
volume of cold
distilled water.
(Resins are
precipitated.)
Filter
with
distilled water,
acid.
ALKALOIDS.
diligently stirring, sufficient to
make
is
decolorized.)
solution of
Add
application of warmth.
a.
Veratrine
is
amor-
It
quantity,
taste
is
acrid.
(i
in
Pharmacy
Officinal Preparation
Unguentiun Veratrina.
Rub
Veratrine,
Hard
gr. 8
Paraffin,
5 \
Soft Paraffin,
5 ^
Olive Oil, fl 3 I.'
and
oil
the
veratrine
together ; melt
whole thoroughly
mortar until cold.
II
in
MATERIA MEDICA.
482
as a
and
is
never given.
Source and
CigHisO,.
Preparation. A
Aloin.
crystalline
sub-
Characters.
a.
tufts of
soluble in ether.
d.
Aloin
solutions
Action.
is
Aloin
is
Dose
2.
gr.
to
2.
Elaterin. C20H28O5.
Preparation.
Elaterinum
Source and
Elaterin
is
the active
by
It may be
of Elateriiun.
to
ether
adding
exhausting elaterium with chloroform,
precipitate,
the
collecting
the chloroformic solution,
the latter with ether, and purifying by reobtained
principle
washing
crystallization
from chloroform.
Elaterin
occurs
in
NEUTRAL PRINCIPLES.
It
b.
insoluble
is
sparingly
water,
in
soluble
in
rectified spirit.
has a bitter
It
c.
taste.
scarlet.
It
/.
acid,
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaiioji
Action. Elaterin
purgative.
Of
Doses
Powder,
gr.
3.
Source
Elaterin,
is
gr.
hydragogue
powerful
-^^
to
Compound
to 5.
Salicin. CiaHigO^.
Preparation. A
Salicinum
and
crystalline
glu-
and
recrystallizing.
Salicin
is
in the
form
It
taste.
II 2
MATERIA MEDICA.
484
Action. Salicin is chiefly employed as an antipyretic, and especially in the treatment of acute
Its action is similar to that of salicylic
rheumatism.
acid, but
it
it is
not
does
less
pression.
Dose
4.
gr. 3 to 20.
Santoninum
Santonin. CisH^sOa.
crystalline princi-
N.O. Compositse.
ple prepared from Santonica.
a. Boil bruised Santonica with two successive portions of slaked lime and distilled water; strain through a
stout cloth, and express strongly ; and mix the strained
(A solution of santonin and oily matters, in
liquors.
combination with lime, is formed.)
decant the
b. Let the mixture setde
;
rate
with
fluid
evapo-
hydrochloric acid,
has become
surface.)
c.
Skim
off the
oil
paper
part of the fluid; collect the precipitate on a
distilled
cold
with
filter; and wash it in succession
water, diluted solution of ammonia (fl. 5
and again with cold distilled water.
to
_fl.
(Acids
5),
and
NEUTRAL PRINCIPLES.
an hour, and boil for 10 minutes.
wash the charcoal with boiling
hot;
while
Filter
(fl
Drain the
e.
in boiling spirit
crystals
and
purify
Santonin occurs in
rhombic prisms, colourless, but sunlight renders
flat
them by re-dissolving
and dry them on
recrystallizing
a.
yellow.
It
taste.
mineral acids.
d.
Added
it
yields a
violet-red colour.
e. Ignited with free excess of
leaving any residue.
Pharmacy.
air, it
Officinal Preparation
burns without
symptoms.
Dose
Of Santonin,
gr. 2 to 6
Lozenges,
to
6.
486
MATERIA MEDICA.
ORGANIC
ACIDS.
In
Acidum Tannicum
Acid.
Tannic Acid or
Tannin. C27H22O1,.
Source and Preparation. These two acids are
changed into
Tannic Acid.
Gallic Acid,
dishes,
in
under 212.
a hot-air chamber
tion.
4^7
Gallic Acid.
Tannic Acid.
a.
In
vesicular
thin scales.
b.
glis-
tening.
acicular
in
a. Crystalline,
or
masses
c.
c.
ingly in ether.
Taste
much
Much
less soluble
d.
water
water
spirit
The aqueous
a bluish-black
salts of iron of
in lOo)
(i in 3);
I in 8).
(i
/.
free access
Heated with
Pharmacy.
The
/.
The
dried
at
cold
in boiling
in rectified
It leaves
cent, of its weight.
no residue when burned with
free access of air.
Officinal Preparations
i.
astrm-
solution
aqueous
gives a bluish-black precipitate
with persalts of iron, but no
precipitate with gelatine.
e.
colour.
less
gent.
The
officinal preparations
a.
tively
Glycerinum
by
Made respec
stirring
?:nnicl1d \ 5
^'
together
in
porcelain
^1>^-^^^^' ^ 5
4,
dish
and apply-
theobroma,
tannic acid.
each suppository
containing
gr.
of
488
MATERIA MEDICA.
c.
Suppositoria Acidi Tannici cum Sapone.
Made
with glycerine of starch, curd soap, and starch.
Each
suppository contains gr. 3 of tannic acid.
d. Trochisci Acidi
Tannici.
Made with refined
sugar, gum acacia, mucilage, and tincture of tolu.
Each lozenge contains gr. \ of tannic acid.
Licompatibles.
2.
alkalies
of iron
a. Tannic acid.
Mineral acids;
of antimony, lead, and silver ; persalts
vegetable alkaloids ; gelatine
and emul-
salts
sions.
b.
Gallic acid.
Metallic salts
of nitre.
spirit
gallic acid
is
considered preferable as
an
internal astringent.
Of either Acid,
Dose
2.
gr. 2 to
10
Lozenges,
to
6.
HC7H5O2.
pared by sublimation.
Not chemically
a.
pure.
Benzoic acid
plates
is
in
and needles,
nearly colourless.
It has an agreeable aromatic odour, resembling
that of benzom.
Benzoic acid is sparingly soluble in water, but
c.
readily in rectified spirit ; soluble also in solutions of
the alkalies and of lime, forming benzoates, and it is
precipitated from these by hydrochloric acid, unless
the solution be very dilute.
d. It melts at 248, boils at 462, and then passes
off in vapour, leaving only a slight residue.
Pharmacy. I.
Officinal Prepa^-atio^i
gum
gr.
acacia,
and mucilage.
^ of benzoic
acid.
Made
489
Benzoic acid is used in the preparation of Ammonias Benzoas and is also an ingredient in Tinctura
Camphorte Composita, and Tinctura Opii Ammoniata.
2.
respiratory organs
Upon
and
it
it
is
it
15; Lozenges,
to 5.
3.
Acidum
An
H3C7HO,.
in
b.
Meconic
Meconicum
Acid.
a.
It is
in alcohol.
The
c.
and
reaction.
d. This solution is coloured red by neutral solution
of perchloride of iron, the colour being discharged by
strong but not by diluted hydrochloric acid.
It gives
no
and iodide of
potassium.
Pharmacy.
Meconic
pldnce Bimecoiiatis,
4.
Acid.
fluid
HC18H33O2.
fatty
acid,
MATERIA MEDICA.
490
by
pressure.
Oleic acid
a.
is
a straw-
0*860 to 0*890.
b. It is nearly tasteless and odourless, and with not
more than a very faint reaction. Unduly exposed to
the air, it becomes brown and decidedly acid.
coloured liquid; of
c.
sp. gr.
It is insoluble in water,
ether.
Pharmacy.
Oleic acid
5.
Acidum
is
Salicylic
Salicylicum
Acid.
HC7H5O3.
Source and Preparation.
crystalline
acid
It
ordinary
a.
and
;
easily diffused,
taste at first
and
sweetish,
is
491
citrate or acetate of
or borax.
The
crystals melt at
Pharmacy.
i.
Officinal Preparation:
Unguentum Acidi
2.
Salicylici.
Salicylic Acid, i
Soft Paraffin, 18
Salicylic
Acid
is
acid,
remedy
gall-stones.
In full doses this drug is
cause unpleasant or dangerous symptoms,
such as headache, noises in the ears, deafness, and
giddiness; or symptoms of depression of the cardiac and
respiratory functions, which may come on suddenly,
with collapse.
It may produce a skin-eruption, like
that of measles.
The salicylate of sodium is generally
given in preference to the acid.
liable
for
to
Dose
gr. 5 to 30.
MATERIA MEDICA.
492
N.O. Malvaceae.
Characters and Tests. Cotton wool
been removed.
is
in white
mg
Pyroxylin.
iir
in the
is
It
This substance
-
Cotton Wool, 5
m
-
i,
B. P. for the
is
a valuable pro-
is
made by immers-
Suliihuric acid,
^^^^^
^^^^^
^ ^
fl
^ 5
^
},
Tests.
Pyroxylin
of ether and
when exploded by
is
heat.
MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS.
(
493
Collodium Collodion.
Collodium Flexile Flexible Collodion.
^"
1
Preparation.
Pyroxylin, 5
i,
i.
Collodion
prepared by adding
^^"'^^^
to
j|^^SeVspirit, fl 5 12
a few days ; and decanting, if necessary.
aside for
2.
is
Flexible collodion
a mixture of
Collodion,
is
5 12
^^^^^^ q-,^
^
Characters.
fl
^^^^^
Both
Kamala Wurrus.
powder which
consists
N.O. Euphorbiacese.
a.
Kamala
is
fine
madder
colour.
b.
c.
it,
even
at a
solutions
On
ignition in air
most 10 per
cent, of ash.
it
should yield 4 or
5,
or at
::
494
MATERIA MEDICA.
Action. Kamala
tor
tape-worm
it
is
has
an anthelmintic, emploveu
the advantage of actin- as
Liquida
5. Pix
Tar. A bituminous liquid
obtamed from the wood of Pimis sylvestris and
other
species, by destructive distillation.
N.O. Coniferse.
Characters.
Pharmacy.
Officinal Preparaiion
Ungue?itwn Picis'Liquidce.
Yellow wax, 2.
Melt the wax at a low temperature, add the
and stir the mixture briskly while it cools.
(
tar,
Action. Tar is chiefly used in the form of ointment, as a stimulant application in certain skindiseases.
It
may be inhaled as a stimulant
expectorant.
6. Cerevisise Fermentum
Beer Yeast. The
ferment obtained in brewing beer, and produced by
Saccharomyces {Toriila) CerevisicR.
It is a viscid,
semi-fluid, frothy substance, exhibiting under the
microscope numerous isolated roundish or oval cells, or
short branched filaments composed of united cells ;
odour peculiar,
Pharmacy.
taste bitter.
Officinal Preparation
Beer yeast,
I
Mix
Wheaten
Water at
fl
5 6
flour,
514
100,
fl
6.
flour.
'
MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS.
495
5 i
Dose
to
I.
Mica Panis
7.
part of bread
Crumb
of bread.
flour.
The
It
soft
is
an
Amylum
8.
Starch. The starch procured from
the grains of common wheat, Triticimt sativum or
vulgare ; maize, Zea Mays ; and rice, Oryza sativa.
Pharmacy.
i.
Officinal Preparations
Starch,
I
Stir together in
Glycerine, 5
Distilled water,
3.
stir-
Mucilago AmyliA
J^^'^'F
I Distilled water, fl
10.
Triturate the starch with the water, gradually
added
then boil for a few minutes, constantly stirring.
and
is
three Suppositories.
MATERIA MEDICA.
496
Mucilage of starch
Starch
it is
is
an ingredient
(Asafoitida).
is
nutrient.
Theriaca
Treacle.
The
uncrystallized
SaccharumPuriflcatum
Refined Sugar.
N.O. Graminacese.
Treacle
is a well-known
not crystallizing
by rest or spontaneous evaporation. Sp. gr. about
It is free
40.
or "lump sugar,"
loaves, compact, white, and crystalline.
Refined sugar,
is
in
flavour.
conical
Readily and
Pharmacy.
i.
(
j_
Syrtcpus.
-j
Officinal Preparation
Refined sugar, tb
i;
Distilled water,
2.
2.
Pills
and
is
Morphinge.
Action.
Treacle
trient, and
chiefly
is
demulcent
used for
its taste.
an aperient.
in the
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
497
I.
Living Animal.
I.
Class, Annelida.
The
which
II.
I.
Dead
Insects.
Cantharis Cantharides.
tharis
Vestcatoria,
Blister
Beetle,
The
or
wfpn't
KK
MATERIA MEDlCA.
498
thin,
Composition.
rides are
The
a.
volatile substance
and
b.
e.
Cantharides is
coloured
glass
tubes
and
beads ; and
with
adulterated
The powder should be free
with the golden beetle.
from mites as an impurity.
Pharmacy.
a.
I
Officinal Preparations
Acetum Cantharidis.
Brown;
sp.
gr.
about
060.
-
(,)
Cantharides, in powder, ^ 2
^ .^^
(.j^^.^j
I
Acetic acid,
fl
13.
when
Percolate
(ii)
Charta Epispastica
b.
Blistering paper.
White wax, 5 4
(i)
(ii)
Strain,
Spermaceti,
Olive oil, fl 5 2
Resin, 5 J
Cantharides, in powder, 5
Distilled water, fl 5 6.
.fluid.
(iii)
with
it
Canada balsam, 5
499
and mix
vessel,
^.
may
It
to indicate divisions,
Blistering
Emplastnim Cantkartdis
c.
(i)
Liquefy by
water-bath
Add
(ii)
(iii)
Resin,
i,
T^^'
Prepared suet,
Prepared lard,
2,
previously melted.
Mix thoroughly
and contmue
plaster.
Cantharides,
powder
in
it is
'
'
cold.
d.
(\\\
(11;
AdH
Add
'
"^
54
Soap plaster, ft 2
Resin plaster, ft
e.
(i)
Melt by a waterand
Wstir until
bath,
^iO.
Vl,J_l,J.i
thoroughly mixed.
J.
Liquor EpispasticusBlistering
Liquid.
in
Cantharides,
|
)
in
powder,
3 5
Acetic ether,
fl
(
5 3.
In 24 hours percolate slowly
with acetic
until fl. 5 20 are obtamed.
(ii)
ether,'
Collodium VesicansBlistering
Collodion.
Dissolve by shaking in
a ( Pyroxylin, 5 i
stoppered bottle
\
Blistering'lfquid,
KK. 2
fl
5 20.
MATERIA MEDICA.
500
g.
Tincture of Cantharides.
Tindiira Cantharidis
Cantharides,
powder, 5 \
Proof spirit, O
h.
in
coarse
[
\
i.
Unguentum
press,
Ointinent
Cantharidis
of Caiitha-
rides.
Infu
n u ef
(i)
;
'"'^^^
2 )
r 12
pla-ce
the
vessel in boiling
Qa,ntharides, ^ i
hours in a covered y^,a '^'^^
Olive oil, n =j 6
vessel,
'
water
for
^
minutes.
i ^
;
;
add
and
Dose Of Tincture,
well-diluted,
Cochineal.
m5
to 20.
The
dried female
Reared on
Class Hemiptera.
insect, Coccus Cacti.
is
Cochineal
species.
Opuntia cochinillifera and other
female
the
When
Teneriffe.
brought from Mexico and
insects are fecundated, they are swept off the trees,
2.
killed
Coccus
by immersion
in boiling water,
and
dried.
about i inch
or concave
long; somewhat oval in outline,
wrinkled
transversely
convex above ;
beneath,
to
reduced
easily
purplish-grey;
purphsh-black or
When
puce-coloured.
or
powder, which is dark-red
macerated in water no insoluble matter is separated.
more than
Ignited with free access of air, not much
I per cent, remains.
is
flat
carmine, which
Pharmacy.
i.
Tinciura Cocci
Officinal Preparation
Tincture of
Cochijieal.
Macerate
I
filter
up
days
press,
stain,
and
to
and
make
I.
2.
Cochineal is contained in Tinctura Cardamomi
Coraposita, and Tinctura Cinchonse Composita.
Action.
Cochineal
is
supposed to act as a
tive in whooping-cough.
agent.
III.
I.
It is
pulmonary seda-
abdomen
Ungtclata.
The
Sns
Scrofa.
Class,
directions for its preparation, but
purpose to describe them here.
it
lard.
of the
B.
The
Hog
P. gives
Lard
is
a white,
soft,
fatty substance,
b.
It
c.
Pharmacy.
I.
Officinal
Preparation
502
MATERIA MEDICA.
gr.
remove the
2.
in
residual benzoin
by
straining.
Emplastrum Cantharidis.
Ointments.
Action.
2.
Lard
Class,
103.
Suet
is
is
abdomen
of the sheep
The
Suet.
Ovis Aries.
a little
the solid
fats.
Pharmacy.
Prepared
suet
is
contained in EmHydrargyri.
Unguentum
B. P.
4.
Os Ustum Bone
ash.
This
is
the residue
Lac Milk.
1.
Class, Ungulata.
Taurus.
for
The
It is
Cow
Bos
Saccharum Lactis
2.
Sugar
of Milk.
water.
Mel
posited
tnellifica.
Honey.
in
the
saccharine
secretion
Class, Hymenoptera.
bee
deApis
so
barium.
a.
504
b.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Oxyniel.
Clarified honey,
5
Acetic acid, fl 5 5
Distilled water,
Lose
2
Mel
_
fl
40
heat,
65 5,
to 2.
lient.
Internally
it
is
and nutrient.
4.
Wax.
and
starch.
is used as an ingredient
Ointments and Plasters, and in Pilula PhosThe ointments keep for a longer time without
in several
phori.
becoming
than
rancid,
if
made
with
white
wax.
(Squire.)
White
wax
Unguentum
Unguentum Simplex.
White wax, 5 2
Benzoated lard, 5
Almond
oil,
fl
3-
5.
an emollient.
is
It
chiefly
is
Cetaceum
Spermaceti.
concrete
fatty
and
Characters
Tksts.
cetyl.
Spermaceti is a
a.
unctuous to the touch.
b.
c.
It
d.
has but
It is
little
taste or odour.
reducible to
Pharmacy
Officiiial
i.
Unguentiim
Preparation
Cetacei.
Spermaceti, 5
White wax,
52
Almond
oil,
\;
add
Spermaceti
is
Action.
Spermaceti
mulcent.
It is chiefly
is
used externally.
6. Pepsin.
preparation of the mucous lining
of the fresh and healthy stomach of the pig, sheep, or
calf.
It is made by cleansing the mucous membrane
scraping it with a blunt knife or other suitable in;
5o6
MATERIA MEDICA.
little
Hydrochloric acid,
m5
^'^^ ^^''^^^^
^^^^t
100
and well
digested,
stirred
together
30 minutes
for
at 130.
Action,
Dose
7.
Fel
Pepsin
is
a digestant.
gr. 2 to 5.
The
Ox Bos
Taurus.
It
prepared by evaporating fresh ox-bile, mixing with
rectified spirit, decanting and filtering, distilhng off
most of the spirit, and evaporating by the heat 0 f
a water-bath to a pilular consistence.
Ox-gall is a yellowish-green substance ; with a
sweet and bitter taste ; soluble in water and spirit.
Its watery solution gives no precipitate on adding
bile.
is
rectified spirit.
as
Action. Ox-gall
an aperient.
Dose
8.
is
a substitute for
bile,
and
acts
gr. 5 to 10.
Moschus Musk.
The
>
contained in a roundish
and a bitterish taste.
or oval sac, from about i J to 2 inches in diameter,
nearly smooth on one side, and covered on the other
or outer side by brownish-yellow or greyish adpressed
bristle-like hairs concentrically arranged around a
Musk is soluble in water and
nearly central orifice.
alcohol.
It consists of a peculiar odorous principle,
It is
volatile oil,
ammonia,
albumen, and
salts.
cholesterine, stearine,
oleine,
It
impurities.
Action.
Musk
is
modic.
Dose
V.
I.
gr. 5 to 10.
Oleum Morrhuae
Cod-liver
oil.
The
oil
Dose?L 3
to 8.
5o8
MATERIA MEDICA.
VI.
The
Ovum
Egg.
Class, Aves.
1.
Ovi
The
liquid
2. Ovi
Vitellus
Yolk of egg, which
ingredient in Mistura Spiritus Vini Gallici.
Action.
cent.
as a
is
an
demul-
SUMMARY OF OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS. 509
Section IV.
have already
Their general nature,
i.
it
is
members belonging
AcETA
I.
1.
Acetum
Vinegar.
Dose
fl
to
fl
2.
,,
3.
Scillge.
1 1
1.
2.
3.
by
Vinegars,
Aqua
Simple
^
Waters.
a.
b.
Camphorse
{See
volatile
\b.
oils,
,,
fl
fl
5 ^ to
5 i to
Poultices.
Cataplasma Fermenti.
Lini.
2.
2.
and prepared
Volatile Oils.)
Cataplasmata
I
15 to 40.
Distilled water.
Waters containing
III.
nt
distillation.
I.
Aqu.e
Destillata
Solutions
in water.
Dose
i-
5IO
2.
MATERIA. MEDICA,
special
b.
ingre.
IV.
Sinapis.
^.
Sinapis
V.
Simple.
/a.
2.
b.
Containing
Mustard paper.
(Used
a.
pills.)
active
Confections.
Confectio Opii =
40 nearly
Confectio Piperis
Scammonii
Papers.
Blistering paper.
Confectiones
making up
Soclge Chlorinatse.
Charts
Charta Epispastica
2.
for
Conii.
^.
dients.
I.
Cataplasma Carbonis.
a.
Containing
Dose,
in
gr.
5-20.
gr.
60-120.
10-30.
60-120.
60-120.
60-120.
gr.
,,
Sennse
e.
Sulphuris
gr.
V/.
Terebinthinse
gr.
ingredients,
Decocta
VI.
gr.
Decoctions.
Dose,
a.
Decoctum
b.
Cetrariae
fl
Cinchonse
Granati Radicis
HEematoxyli
fl
fl
c.
d.
e.
,,
Hordei
fl
fl
5 1-4.
3 1-2.
0 2-4-5 1-2.
5 1-4.
Simple
f-
Decoctions,
g-
11
Pareirse
h.
11
Quercus
i.
Jk.
fl
5 1-2.
Sarsae
fl
Scoparii
fl
Taraxaci
fl
5 2-10.
5 2-45 2-4.
'
I I
Dose.
Compound
a.
fl
SarsaeComp.
.5
4-2-
1152-10.
Decoctions.
Emplastra
VII.
Plasters.
Emplastrum
1.
Ferri.
Simple plasters,
used for protec-
Plumbi.
tion or support.
Saponis.
Resinse.
Saponis Fuscum,
Stimulant
and
Galbani.
Hydrargyri.
alterative plasters.
Picis.
Plumbi
Rubefacient or
vesicant plasters.
3.
4.
Anodyne
or se-
3.
Emplastrum Calefaciens.
Emplastrum Belladonnae.
Clysters.
5 4
Magnesii Sulphatis = 51
fl
fl5
of Starch,
of cold water.
in
with
fl
5 15 of
Olive
Oil,
I.
Opii =
fl.
5.
Opii.
Enemata
Mucilage
4.
Cantharidis.
,,
1 b.
VIII.
2.
a.
b.
j a.
dative plasters.
1.
lodidi.
fl
= fl 5
Mucilage of Starch.
Terebinthinse
with
fl
15 of
MATERIA MEDICA.
IX.
Essentia
Essentia Anisi.
1.
2.
Menthse
Piperitse.
Essences.
Solutions of
Rectified Spirit =
Dose
X. ExTRACTA
itl
Oil in
Volatile
in 4.
10 to 20.
Extracts.
Green Extracts.
A.
Dose.
From
I.
fresh leaves
and flowering
fresh
tops.
t-
"
and young
V'
Extractum Aconiti
i-i
gr.
^^^'^^^"^^
iSvS f
^'
branches.
5^1
^O"'^
Hyoscyami
g^-i-i
gr. 2-6
gr. 5-10
From
3.
flowering
Extractum Lactucse
gi'.
5-15
gr.
5-30
gr.
2-6
gr.
2-6
10-30
herb.
From
4.
a.
<
f.
fresh corm.
5.
,,
Aceticum
From
root
Extractum Colchici
Extractum Taraxaci
B.
Aqueous Extracts.
a.
b.
Aloes Soco-
PareircB
I.
densis
Digested
in boiling
trinre
water.
c.
gr.
'
Dose.
Infused
2.
boiling
and
in
f^z.
water,
b.
Extractum Gentianee
Hsematoxyli
gr.
2-IO
10-3
gr.
2-10
gr.
then boiled.
3.
id
and
Boiled,
volat
volatile
Extractum Anthemidis
added.
oil
a.
Extractum
Glycyrrhizas
3
gr.
5-20
gi-.
1-2
gr.
3-5
Krameriae
Macerated
(also percolated)
in cold
Opii
Quassise
c.
water.
d.
C.
Prepared with
a.
rectified
b.
Alcoholic Extracts.
I.
Physostigmatis
gr.
tV-
gr-
tV-
Gelsemii
Alcoholicum
gr-
Jalapse
gr.
4-2
5-1
gr.
5-1
gr.
l-i
2-5
spirit.
{ a.
Prepared with
2.
recti
spirit
df
and
fi
water.
Prepared
with proof
spirit.
,,
c.
c.
a.
tj-
Lupuli
Nucis Vomicae
Papaveris
Extractum Calumbae
gr.
gr. 2-11
Colocynthidis
gr.
Compositum
LL
3-1
SH
MATERIA MEDICA.
Dose.
*a.
b.
4-
Prepared
with proof (
and
spirit
Jaborandi
Rliamni
Fran-
c.
guise
d.
e.
gr.
15-60
5-15
gr.
Rhei
Stramonii.
(Oil
previously removed by
gr.
washed
gr. 4
water.
2-8
2-10
gr.
ether)
D. Ethereal Extracts,
1.
Extractum
2.
Filicis
Liquidum
15-30
Ttt
and
recti-
ether).
E. Liquid Extracts.
1.
Made
a.
b.
quidum
c.
e.
/i.
3 5-2
fl
^2
fl
Made with
rectified spirit.
5-10
10-30
ill
ill
quidum
2.
fl
Cinchonse Liquidum
(Hydrochloric Acid and Glyce-
g.
Li-
Extractum
rectified spirit.
ni 10-40
A 3 5-2
fl
3 i""4
m 3-30
fl
3 \r'^
Dose,
Made
{See
X
I.
Glycerina
Glycerines.
,,
Gallici
3-
It
,,
Tannici
4-
5-
Alumini
I
I
in 5
in 8
in 6
)i
Boracis
))
Plumbi Subacetatis
8.
))
Tragacanthte
XII. Infusa
3 in 14
Infusions.
A. Simple Infusions.
Infusum Cascarillse
.
Sennas.
fl
fl
fl
Aurantii
,,
Buchu
,,
fl
^ 1-2
(Contains
/Infusum Anthemidis
in 4
Amyli
7-
fl5 10
I
[
6.
flSio
3 2-4
Ethereal Extracts.)
2.
51m
fl
fl
fl
Jaborandi
Kramerise
Lupuli
Maticje
Senegae
Uvag Ursi.
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
LL
D 1-2
5 1-4
5 1-2
5 1-4
1-2
5
5
5
5
5
I
5
l
-2
-2
-2
I--2
I--2
I--4
I--2
I-2
5i6
MATERIA MEDICA.
Dose.
2 i"
Infusum Cusso
i6o
Infusum
Catechu.
infl1 5 lo t
fl
(Contains
Cinnamon,
Infusum
150 in
5 10
gr.
fl5 4-8
Lini.
gr.
30)
(Contains
n 5 2-4
Infusum Caryophylli
5>
5 1-4
5 1-2
5 1-2
fl
Rhei
fl5I-2
fl
...
fl
fl5I-2
fl.
n 5 1-2
fl 5 1-2
i)
Serpentariae
Valerianse.
grfl
gr.
fl
55 in
5 10
28 in
5 10
B.
Compound
Gentianse
fl
2.
Injectio
gr. 2 in
,,
3.
= gr,
in 2
Injectio
I
flg 1-2
Injections.
Apomorphinse Hypodermica
ni 100
Injectio
3 2-4
Infusions.
XIII. Injectiones
1.
1-2
Digitalis
^ 1-2
fl
Ergotini
.
Morphinse
ITI
2-8
Hypodermica
.
TTl
3-10
ill
1-5
Hypodermica
of Acetate of Morphine in
ill
10
SUMMARY OF OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS.
XIV. Lamella
1. Lanielte
Atropine.
Atropinge
2. Lamellae Cocainse
Cocaine.
= gr.
-goVff
= gr.
of
Sulphate
of
of Hydrochlorate of
Lamellse Physostigminse
3.
Discs.
of Physo-
gr.
stigmine.
XV. LiNiMENTA
I.
a.
Mixtures
Linimentum Amraonije.
tion of
with or solub.
tions in Olive
Embrocations.
Ammonia
Linimentum
Calcis.
(i
of Solu-
to 3.)
Oil.
c.
a.
Linimentum Camphorse =
i to 4.
Linimentum Chloroformi.
(Equal
parts.)
Linimentum Terebinthinae
Mixtures
with or solu2.
tions in Lini-'
ment of
Camphor.
Aceti-
cum.
(Four parts of Oil of
Turpentine
and Liniment of
Camphor, with i part of Glacial
Acetic Acid.)
Linimentum Hydrargyri.
(Equal
parts of Ointment of Mercury,
Solution of Ammonia, and Camphor Liniment.)
3.
Prepared by macera-
and percolation
with Rectified Spirit,
Camphor being then
added.
tion
a.
Linimentum
Aconiti,
Belladonnae.
'
5i8
MATERIA MEDICA.
'
Special
liniments,
of
4.
more or less
complex com-
a.
Linimentmii
b.
c.
(
d.
situm.
Crotonis.
lodi.
Potassii
Saponis.
Sinapis Compositum.
Terebinthinae.
a,
Linimentum
Opii.
(An equal proTmcture of Opium.)
portion of
XVI. LiQUORES
This
is
parations,
Liquor Iodi =
Potassium,
gr.
following
for reference.
22 in
fl
(Contains Iodide of
i.
gr. 33.)
a.
Solutions of
or yielding
The
difficult to classify.
may be found
2.
Solutions.
and one
arrangement
I.
cum
lodidi
Sapone.
position.
5.. Mixture
with Liniment
of Soap.
Camphorse Compo-
fl.
i.
b.
free
Chlorine.
Chlorine.
Dose.
la.
fl3
"83 of
NH3
gas in
Solutions
of Alkalies
and Alkaline
Earths.
Liquor Potassge
3.
of
I.
NH3
gas in
fl
I.
= gr.
27 of
in
Potassium
of
Hydrate
fl
15-60
Solutions
of Alkalies
3.
and Alkaline^
Earths.
/.
(continued)
(a.
4.
Solutions
of
Carbonates,
Acetates,
and Citrates
b.
Ammonii
Fortior
c.
Liquor Ammonii
e.
,,
Earths.
\i.
I
a,
b.
Solutions
containing
5.
Citratis
fl
fl
Lithite Effervescens
,,
Sodse
Magnesii Carbonatis
Citratis
Potassse
gyri Iodidi
et
^cid
Hydrar-
= about
3 3-1 i
3 2-6
flgs-io
fl
5 1-2
fl
5 5-10
Liquor Arsenii
preparations of
Citratis
of
Alkalies and
Alkaline
W
I
per
Arsenium.
curic Iodide.
ITI
10-30
Ill
5-10
10-30
Sodium
la.
6.
c.
d.
e.
f.
tior
Solutions
containing
preparations
of Iron.
Fortior.
iri
Til
1-8
5-30
ITL
10-30
Perchloridi
Pernitratis
Persulphatis
ni 10-40
520
MATERIA MEDICA.
Dose.
la.
Solutions
of Salts of
7.
ridi
= gr. J
fl.
5 i, with
Chloride
in
Ammonium
Mercury.
Liquor Arsenii
gyri lodidi,
Solutions
containing
Lead.
fl
3 I-2
Hydrar{See Arsenium.)
et
8.
a,
b.
)}
Antimonii Chloridi.
Bismuthi et Ammonii
b.
,,
c.
d.
Dose
Liquor
Citratis.
^i.
Calcii Chloridi.
Potassii
,,
Compounds,
fl
Permanganatis
Dose
per cent.
fl
3 1-2.
Zinci Chloridi.
Morphinse
Bime
conatis = about
i^ per cent.
Morphinas Hydro
10. Solu-
tions of
Alkaloids
or their
salts.
Usual
chloratis
strength
chloratis
Special
j a.
solutions.
1 b.
II.
2.
Liquor Epispasticus.
Gutta perch a.
XVII. LoTioNES
1.
Lotions.
10-60
ni 5-40
iri
10-60
Strychninae Hydro-
per cent.
nx 1-4
ill
ni 5-10
XVIII. Mellita
1.
Mel Depuratum
2.
Mel
52
Honeys.
Purified honey.
Boracis.
XIX. MisTURiE
Mixtures.
Dose,
Mistura Ammoniaci
fl
Amygdalse
fl
Creasoti
Cretse
Ferri Aromatica
Ferri Composita
,,
Guaiaci
fl
fl
fl
fl3 1-3
5 1-4
fl5 1-2
Sennee Composita
Spiritus Vini Gallici
,,
,,
XX.
h-^
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
Scammonii
1.
fl
,,
5
5
5
5
5
5
MuciLAGiNEs
Mucilago Acacias.
Mucilages.
Used
Used
2.
,,
Amyli.
3-
Tragacanthse.
in
making lozenges.
in enemata.
1.
2.
Cod-liver
oil.
Kingdom.
522
MATERIA MEDICA.
Phosphoratum.
3. Oleum
A solution of phosphorus in almond oil = about i per cent, of Phosphorus.
Dose
Tn,
5-10.
XXII. Oleata
Oleates.
Oleatum Hydrargyri.
1.
Zinci.
2.
XXIII. OXYMELLITA
OxYMELS.
Dose.
1.
Oxymel
2.
,,
Scillse
fl
3 1-2
fl
3 i-i
I.
d.
c.
d.
Aperient
tidae
or
Purgative
<?.
Pills.
/.
,,
Aloes et Ferri
Aloes et Myrrhse
Cambogiag Composita
All contain
A/oes, except the
g.
Colocynthidis
Colocynthidis
Composita
last in
the
Aloes Socotrinae
Aloes et Asafoe-
//.
list.
/.
,,
/.
et
Hyoscyami
Rhei Composita
Scammonii Composita
Pills
a.
containing
Iron salts.
\b.
3. Pills
a.
containing
Mercury.
b.
4.
Pills
Pilula Hydrargyri
5-20
3-8
gr.
3-8
gr.
5-10
gr.
5-r
3-5
3-5
Subchloridi
gr.
gr.
Composita
^
a.
Pilula
containing
Scilla.
Opium,
b.
alone or
with other
c.
(Opium
is
gredient
a.
= about
gr.
gr.
gr. i in 6.)
Com-
Asafoetidse
Pilula
ingredients.
5. Miscellaneous
group.
cum
Powder.)
either
combined
Ipecacuanhse
posita
c.
Phosphori
d.
Scillae
XXV.
5-ro
S-io
2-4
5-15
gr.
Conii Composita
b.
gr.
Composita
PuLVERES
gr.
gr.
Powders.
Dose.
Inactive
Amygdalae
a.
Pulvis
powders,
chieHy used
for pharma-"
b.
positus
Pulvis Cinnamomi
ceutical
c.
1.
positus
purposes.
2.
Powder,
containing
Antimony
a.
Pulvis Tragacanthse
positus
.
Cora-
Com.
gr.
3-10
gr.
20-60
(Con-
Pulvis Antimonialis.
tains
Com-
Oxide of Antimony
in 3)
gr.
3-5
MATERIA MEDICA.
524
Dose.
3.
Mild
astringent
b.
powders.
la.
Pulvis
Aromaticus
in 40
Pulvis Kino Compositus =
I in 20
Pulvis Ipecacuanhae ComCretse
cum Opio =
Powders
4.
containing
Opium.
d.
positus = I in 10
Pulvis Opii Compositus
V
fa.
Pulvis
Pulvis
c.
d.
i-5
Comgr.
30-60
....
gr.
10-20
Spirits.
Spiritus Rectificatus.
Ether
Tenuior.
Vini Gallici.
Spiritus
chloro-
form group.
a.
Ammonia
group.
gr-
(Contains Sen-
Spiritus
3.
2-5
Scammonii Compo-
situs
XXVI.
and
S-15
2.
gr-
e.
Alcoholic
group.
5-20
Compo-
40
Glycyrrhizse
positus.
I.
in
na and Sulphur)
5.
gr.
gr-
Elaterini
10-40
gr.
in 10
situs
Purgative
or aperient
powders.
^theris
Compositus
Nitrosi
,,
Spiritus
tidus
lit
Ammoniac Aro-
maticus
b.
fl3i-2
20-60
Chloroformi
Spiritus
tn 30-90
fl3i-i
AmmoniEe
Foe-
/
Solutions
of Volatile
Spiritus Cajuputi
a.
Cinnamomi
c.
Juniperi
d.
Lavandulae
Menthse
Myristicse
b.
4.
oils in
Rectified
Spirit
I
5.
fl
3 4-1
Piperitee
to 49.
Miscel-
laneous
group.
Armoracise
Compositus
a.
Spiritus
b.
Spiritus
fl
Rosmarini
Camphors
ITt
3 1-2
10-30
a.
of ripe fruits.
2.
Expressed
a.
juices pre-
b.
served with
Rectified
Spirit.
1.
2.
3.
4.'
d.
',
5-15
Hyoscyami
fl
3i-i
Scoparii
fl
3 1-2
Taraxaci
fl
3 1-2
SUPPOSITORIA S UPPOSITORIES.
cum Sapone = gr.
Succus Belladonna
Conii
e.
X XV III.
Limonis Succus
Mori
Tannici
)j
i.
cum Sapone
Unguentum
of
5
)
Hydrargyri = gr.
Hydrargyri
5.
Suppositoria lodoformi
,^
= gr.
3.
1
6.
Morphmse
7-
"
8.
,,
c""^ Sapone
(
Acetate of Lead,
Opium,
gr. i
2 of
^ydroj
Plumbi
Composita
^^(^^^^^^
gr. 3
526
MATERIA MEDICA.
XXIX.
I.
byrupus
Mixtures
3.
Syrups
from
made
Lemon
Syrups
from
3 *-2
fl
3 1-2
631
,,
Rosee Gallicae
Sennge
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
containing
b.
Iron-salts.
XXX.
= gr.
in
fl
Tablets.
= gr.
each
Tabellse Nitroglycerini
yig- in
3
3
A 3
fl
i
i
3 2-1
3
or
fl
Tabell^
3^2
fl
a.
3 1-4
3
3
3 1-4
fl
pre-
Syrups
fl
Rhei
Rhoeados
parations.
6.
fl
Peel).
Syrupus Hemidesmi
Papaveris
Syrups
from
special
Syrupus Mori.
'a.
5.
Syrupus Zingiberis = i of
Strong Tincture in 25
parts of plants.
made
juices of fruits.
4.
Dose.
sugar.
Syrupus Aurantii = i of
Tincture in 8
Syrupus Chloral = gr. 10
in 3
c.
made
Syrups.
Solution of refined
a.
2.
Syrupi
XXXI.
It
any satisfactory
difficult to give
is
classification
many
of the
Tinctures.
TiNCTUR/E
Officinal
arrangement may
them, as well as for purposes of reference.
A. Tinctures of Inorganic
{Made with
Drugs.
Rectified Spirit.)
Dose.
ni 5-30
Perchloridi = i of Strong
Solution of Perchloride in 4
Tinctura lodi = i in 40.
(Contains Iodide
of Potassium)
.
.....
B.
{a)
ni 2.
in 3iin 5.
in 8.
10.
with Rectified
Aurantii Recentis
Pyrethri.
5-20
in 20.
m 5-20
fl
3 1-2
,,
Veratri Viridis
Aconiti
m 5-20
m 5-15
Asafoetidae
fl3 4-i
Cubebffi
,,
Laricis
fl3i-2
tn 20-30
,,
Myrrhse
Sumbul
TTl
Tolutana
ITl
Zingiberis
,,
Kino
(Glycerine
,,
10-30
20-40
15-fl 3
and
Tinctura Arnicse
I
tn,
Spirit.
\
I
Made
10-30
Ttl
fl3i-2
fl3i-i
with Extract)
m 5-20
MATERIA MEDICA.
528
Dose.
I
11x10-20
Tinctura Nucis Vomicae = gr. 133
of Extract in O i.
(Distilled
water also used)
.ill 10-20
.
= gr.
Tinctura Podophylli
in
fl.
{b)
I
in
4^
I in
5.
Made
of Resin
,
fl3 i-i
fl3i-2
Cinchonae
/ Tinctura Buchu
Calumbse
fl
Catechu
(contains
fl3 1-2
Cinnamon)
fl3i-2
Chiratae
Cimicifugae
Cinnamomi
Seminum
.
Gelsemii
m 5-20
Digitalis
Gallse
fl3i-i
fl3i-2
fl3i-2
Hyoscyami
Jalapae
Krameriae
Limonis
>)
J)
)>
J)
in 15-60
fl3 4-2
in 10-30
in 20-60
in 10-30
fl3 4-2
Colchici
Conii
3 1-2
fl3i-2
fl3i-2
Cascarillse
in 8.
m 5-30
in 15-fl 3
Tinctura Ergotse
Jaborandi
J)
fl3^2
m lo-flsi
Lobeliae
Lupuli
Sabinae
ScillcB
SenegEe
Serpentariae
Stramonii
Valerianae
fl3i-2
in 20-fl 3
in 10-30
fl3i-2
fl3i-2
in 10-20
fl 3 1-2
Tinctura Aurantii
I in 10.
I in
^-
I in
40
\
I
Tinctura Belladonnse
Croci
.
Tinctura Quassije
I in 27.
.1
.}
5-40
^^5-20
^2
fl
fl
3 1-2
Ex.
Ammoniated Tinctures.
C.
fl
3 J-i
fl
3 J-i
fl
3 J-i
moniata
Strong Solution of
Tinctura
Ammonia and
Am-
= i in 96. (A
Compound Tincture)
.
Am-
Tinctura Quininse
moniata =
(31
Spi"t.
Ammo-
Opii
niata
Rectified Spirit.
Solution of
ITI
3 1-2
fl
gr.
in
fl
fl
3 i-2
....
mctura
Qmnms, made
Wme = gr.
jj
Made
fl
A 3 4-2
with Rectified
Spirit.
Til
20-60
m s-io
Morphinae
Lavandula Composita
)
lo-fl 3
Compound Tinctures,
with
with Orange
of Hydrochlorate in
E.
(a)
made
et
fl3 4-2
MM
MATERIA MEDICA.
530
{b)
Made
Tinctura Camphorse
Composita,
(Con-
fl
.
5 J) v\ 15-fl 3 i
I-2
fl 3
,
Cindionee .Composita
Gentianae Composita
fl3i-2
fl
"
Rliei
fl
Sennce
F.
flo 1-4
Made
with Proof
Tinctura Cantharidis
Cocci
,,
XXXIL
ill
Spirit.
5-20
Trochisci
Lozenges.
= gr. J
Tannici = gr. \
Bismuthi = gr. 2
Catechu =:gr. i
Ferri Redacti = gr. i
Ipecacuanhse = gr. \ .
Morphinae = gr. -^^ of Hy-'^
I.
2.
3-
4-
5.
6.
7-
3 i-2
3 1-8
1-5
1-6
1-3
drochlorate
Morphinse
et
Ipecacuanhse
9-
10.
1 1.
12.
and
= gr.
Opii = gr. yijj of
1-6
Extract
Potassce Chloratis
Santonini = gr. i
Sodii Bicarbonatis
XXXIII. Unguenta
For practical purposes the
be grouped thus
= gr.
= gr.
Ointments.
officinal
ointments
may
I.
Lard, White
of Benzoated
Containing
Unguentum Acidi
b.
Acids.
,,
c.
Unguentum
Borici.
Carbolici.
Salicylici.
Containing
Iodine or
Iodides.
Hydrargyri
a.
,,
lodidi
Rubi-i.
4.
Plumbi
Compositum.
))
Oxidi Rubri.
i,
Nitratis.
Nitratis
tum.
lodidi
^'
c.
5.
lodidi.
Potassii lodidi.
d.
Containing
e.
Mercury or
its
com-
f.
pounds.
Dilu-
Rubri
mentioned
under Iodides).
(also
^ h.
la.
6.
Containing
c.
fZmc.
.
Unguentum
a.
Unguentum
b,
\c.
a.
Containing
Sulphur or
a Sulphide.
^'
Glycerini
Plumbi
Subacetatis.
Containing
conipounds
Acetatis.
Carbonatis.
lodidi
(also
of Lead.
Unguentum Plumbi
b.
compounds
Subchloridi.
Ammoniati.
Unguentum
"
CalaminEe..
Sulphuris.
lodidi (also
MM
MATERIA MEDICA,
532
I a.
9.
Containing parts
of plants,
or
vegetable products or
i.
c.
d.
Id.
Containing
we r ful
b.
Alkaloids.
c.
Containing
products of
distillation of
11.
wood.
2.
Vapor
Lime with
h.
Staphisagrise.
Atropinse
Veratrinse
= gr.
5
Unguentum
I).
Picis LiquidcS.
c.
d,
,,
Resinae.
Terebinthinse.
Cantharidis.
Cetacei.
Vapores
8 in
I
Creasoti.
Unguentum
it
drugs.
fl
Sabinae.
a.
Vapor Acidi
Acid with
cum Opio
g-
a.
XXXIV.
1.
Gallae
Containing
Animal
Gallse.
e.
Unguentum Aconitins
a.
p 0
12.
Belladonnae,
(Alcoholic Extract).
Unguentum Chrysarobini.
Elemi.
Eucalypti (Oil),
preparations.
10.
Unguentum
Inhalations.
Hydrocyanici
TTl
10 to 15
of
of cold water.
Chlori.
Made by
moistening Chlormated
water.
Made
Vapor
Coninse.
4.
Vapor
Creasoti
m 12 to
fl
5 8 of boi/ing water.
Iodine, & z
witli
Sylvestris.
XXXV. VinaWines.
Dose.
t.
Vinum
Simple Wines
^*
Aurantii.
Xericum.
Wines
containing
inorganic
drugs.
in
3.
Wines
drugs.
fl
b.
c.
f a,
containing
vegetable
of Tartarated Antimony
Vinum
Citratis. (Made
,,
c.
d.
e.
fl3 1-4
fl3 1-2
Vinum Aloes
b.
m s-fl 3
fl3 1-4
Ferri
Colchici
TH,
10-30
TTl
10-40
Ipecacuanhae
Opii (i of Extract
in 20)
Quininas.
(Made
fl
3 1-2
MATERIA MEDICA.
534
APPENDIX.
The
B.P. gives a
more
Appendiof: of
different
tlie
used for
information on
(p.
this subject
et seq.)
475
I.
1.
Copper Foil
Metals.
bright.
2.
4.
h.
Flatiniim Foil,
Platinum Black,
minute division.
in
state
Non-Metallic Compounds.
1.
2.
III.
1.
Metallic Salts.
Acetate of Sodium.
2.
Chloride of Barium.
3.
Ferricyanide of Potassium.
4.
6.
7.
8-
Hyposulphite of Sodiw7t.
Oxalate of Ammoniuvi.
Subacetate of Copper.
of
APPENDIX.
535
Organic Substances.
IV.
1.
2.
Benzolated
Amylie Alcohol =
htdigo, a blue
species of Indigo/era,
3.
4.
3 to
i.
N. O. Leguminosse.
Isinglass.
a.
6.
7.
Paper
8.
Litnius
Tincture.
Curcuma Tonga,
N.O. Zingiberaceae.
a.
Turmeric Paper.
b.
Turmeric Tincture,
V. Test Solutions.
I.
Solution of Bromine
2.
Solutions of Acids
3.
rn,
10 in
fl
5.
a.
Boric Acid.
b.
Tartaric Acid.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Acetate of Copper.
Potassium.
Sodium.
Ammonio-Nitrate of Silver.
Ammo7iio- Sulphate of Copper.
Magnesium.
Carbonate of Amt7wniu.tiu
MATERIA MEDICA.
536
h.
Chloride of
A mmonium.
Barium.
Ferricyanide
j.
of Potassium.
k.
Ferrocyanide of Potassium.
Iodide of Potassium.
?n. Oxalate of Ammoftium.
I.
n.
Perchloride of Gold.
Platinum,
p. Phosphate of Sodium,
0.
q.
r.
Stannous Chloride,
s.
Sulphate of Iron,
Calcium,
t.
u.
V,
4.
Potassio-Mercuric Iodide,
Sulphydrate of Ammoniufn.
Yellow Chromate of Potassium,.
b.
Isinglass
50 in
fl
5 5.
Litmus, for making papers.
d. Sulphate of Indigo.
Indigo dissolved in
phuric acid = gr. 5 in fl 5 10.
c.
VI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bichromate of Potassium,
Hyposulphite of Sodium.
Iodine.
(Contains Iodide of Potassium.)
Nitrate of Silver.
5.
Oxalic Acid,
6.
Soda.
sul-
537
INDEX.
Alcohol, Amylic, 236
Absorbents, 31
Aceta, II, 509
Acetum, 102
Acid, Acetic, 102
Benzoic, 488
Ethylic, 237
Boric, 99
Carbolic, 254
Chromic, loi
Citric, 104
GaUic, 486
Hydrobromic, Dilute, 98
Hydrochloric, 92
Dilute, 94
Hydrocyanic, Dilute, 235
Lactic, 108
Meconic, 489
Nitric, 93
Dilute, 94
Nitro-hydrochloric,
lute,
Di-
95
Oleic,
489
Phosphoric, 97
Salicylic,
490
Sulphuric, 93
Dilute,
94
Sulphurous, 64
Tannic, 486
Tartaric, 106
Acids, summary of, 90
(Therapeutic group), 32
Aconite, 261
Leaves, 349
Root, 307
Aconitine, 469
Active principles, 6
Adulterations, 52
/Ether group, 241
Alteratives, 34
Aluminium, Alum, 149
Ammoniacum, 280, 408
Ammonium
group,
10
Bromide
of, 83
Sulphydrate
66
Amyl
Nitrite,
253
Anaesthetics, 36
Analgesics, 36
Anaphrodisiacs, 45
Anhydrotics, 44
44
Antidotes, 46
Anti-emmenagogues, 45
Anti-galactogogues, 46
Antimony group, 164
Anti-parasitics,
46
Anti-peptogens, 39
Anti-periodics, 33
Anti-pyretics, 33
Anti-septics, 46
Anti-sialics,
38
Anti-spasmodics, 37
Aphrodisiacs, 45
MATERIA MEDICA,
538
Apomorphine, Hydrochlorate
of, 463
Apyi-etics, 33
Aqua, 56
Aque, II, 509
Arnica Rhizome, 282, 309
Arsenium group, 174
Astringents, 32
Asafoetida, 280,
409
40
Bismuth, 180
Bone Ash, 502
Brandy, French, 238
Bread, Crumb of, 495
Bromine and Bromides, 82
Buchu Leaves, 268, 351
Broom Tops, 271, 348
Butyl-chloral, Hydrate of, 252
474
Hypophosphite
of,
88,
of,
423
Cardamom,
298, 385
Cardiac Sedatives, 42
Stimulants, 42
Tonics
and Regu42
Carminatives, 38
Cascara Sagrada, 270, 343
Cascarilla Bark, 292, 335
Cassia Pulp, 273, 378
Castor Oil, 292, 432
Cataplasmata, 11, 509
Catechu, 281, 445
Cathartics, 39
Caustics, 30
Cerebral Stimulants, 35
Cerebral Sedatives, 35
Cerium, 158
Cevadilla, 300, 391
Chalk, 154
Chamomile Flower, 282, 363
Oil of, 423
Charcoal, 58
Chartae, 11, 510
Cherry Laurel Leaves, 275,
lators,
Atropine, 470
Bile-expellents,
Caraway, Oil
357
Chiretta, 285, 304
Chloral, 251
Chlorine and Hypoclilorites,
69
Chloroform, 247
Cholagogues, 40
Chrysarobin, 274
Cimicifuga, 262, 312
Cinchona Barks, 281, 335, 336
Cinchonidine, Sulphate of, 467
Cinclionine, Sulphate of, 468
Cinnamon Bark, 291, 338
Oil of, 424
Clove, 277, 364
Oil of, 423
Codeine, 462
Cod Liver Oil, 507
of,
INDEX.
Elder Flowers, 280, 369
Elemi, 270, 402
Elutriation, 27
Emetics, 39
Colchicum, 299
Corm, 394
Seeds, 386
Collodion, 493
Colocynth Pulp, 277, 378
Confectiones, 12, 510
Emnienagogues, 45
Emollients, 31
Emplastra, 12, 511
Emulsion, 17
Enemata, 12, 511
Conium, 278
Fruit,
374
Leaves, 353
Copaiva, 274, 418
Oil of, 433
Copper, 186
Coriander, 279, 374
Epispastics, 30
Diaphoretics, 44
Digestants, 39
Digestion, 27
Digitalis Leaves, 288, 354
Dill Fruit, 278, 375
Oil of, 422
Diluents, 32
Disinfectants, 46
Distillation, 27
44
Febrifuges, 33
Fennel Fruit, 279, 374
Fig, 294, 372
Filix Mas, 301, 313
Filtration, 28
Depletants, 33
Depresso-motors, 36
Detergents, 31
Diuretics,
434
Evaporation, 28
Excito-motors, 36
Expectorants, 41
Extracta, 13, 512
Distillation, Destructive,
539
27
420
Galactagogues, 46
399
Gamboge, 267, 41
Gastric Sedatives, 38
Tonics, 39
Drastic Purgatives, 40
Ecbolics, 46
Grape, 268
Egg, 508
Elaterin, 482
Elaterium, 446
Gum
Resin, 403
Acacia, 274, 400
MATERIA MEDICA.
540
Gum
HEemostatics, 32
Hellebore
Laxatives, 40
Rhizome,
Green,
Lead, 221
Leech, 497
300, 332
Hemidesmus Root,
Lemon,
285, 318
Hemlock, 278
Leaves, 353
Fruit,
374
Henbane Leaves,
288, 355
Hepatic Stimulants, 40
Honey, 503
Hop, 294, 367
Horse-radish Root, 264, 308
Hydragogue Purgatives, 40
Hyoscyamus, 288, 355
Hypnotics, 35
Hypodermic
Injections,
516
Iceland Moss, 302, 303
Impurities, 52
Incompatibles, 3
Indian Hemp, 294, 363
Indigo, 535
Infusa, IS, 515
Injectiones, 15, 516
Intestinal Sedatives, 40
Iodine and Iodides, 74
Iodoform, 250
Ipecacuanha, 281, 319
Iron, 188
Irritants,
Isinglass,
Litmus, 302
Lithium, 148
Lithontriptics,
Lixiviation, 28
44
Logwood,
273, 344
Lotiones, 16, 520
Lupulin, 294
Lupulus, 294, 367
Maceration, 28
Magnesium, 159
Male Fern, 301, 313
Counter, 30
502
30
15,
267, 372
Oil of, 424
Resin
Juniper, Oil
of,
of,
404
296, 434
Morphine, 456
INDEX.
Mustard, Oil
of,
436
Podophyllum Rhizome,
Mydriatics, 37
Myotics, 38
of,
261-
302
Nervine Tonics, 37
Non-officinal, 5
290, 388
Oil of, 424
Expressed Oil
of,
Bromide
Iodide
427
of,
of,
83
76
Precipitation, 28
Nutrients, 34
Nux Vomica,
Nutmeg,
261,
322
Proof
285, 389
Spirit,
237
Protectives, 31
Oak
Pulmonary Stimulants, 41
Officinal, 5
Olea, 17, 521
Sedatives, 41
Pulveres, 18, 523
Purgatives, 39
Pustulants, 30
Pyroxylin, 492
Ox
Bile,
506
258
Parasiticides,
46
Peppermint, 289
Oil
Pepsin, 505
Peptogens, 39
Percolation, 28
of,
423
Pharmaceutical Operations, 27
Phosphorus and Hypophosphites, 86
Physostigmine, 272, 476
Pilocarpine,
Nitrate
477
522
Pimento, 277, 382
Pilulge, 18,
Oil
of,
423
of,
269,
483
Saline Purgatives, 40
Sandal-wood, Red, 271, 345
Oil of, 295, 436
Santonica, 283, 370
MATERIA MEDICA.
542
Santonin, 484
Sudorifics,
Suet, 502
Saturation, 28
Scammony,
286, 413
Resin, 407
Root, 327
Soaps, 439
Soda, Chlorinated, solution
of,
71
Hypophosphite, 88
of,
78
Soporifics, 35
'
'
44
42S
Turmeric, 298
Turpentine, Oil
of,
297, 436
Uva
Vaso-Contractors, 43
Vaso-Dilators, 43
Veratrine, 480
Veratruin, 300, 332
Vermicides, 41
Vermifuges, 41
Vesical Sedatives, 45
Stimulants, 45
INDEX.
54
Water, 56
Wax, 504
Weights and Measures, 24
Vesical Tonics, 45
Vesicants, 30
Vina, 23, 533
Vinegar, 1 03
Volatile Oils, 422, 433
Washing, 29
Zinc, 227
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May, 1885.
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