Algeria

Algiers

Dinar

Arabic

Angola

Luanda

Kwanza

Portuguese

CFA franc

French

Benin

Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)

English

Botswana

Gaborone

Pula

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

CFA franc

French

Burundi

Bujumbura

Burundian

Kirundi

franc

French

Cameroon

Yaound

CFA franc

Setswana

French
English

Cape
Cape Verde

Praia

Verdean

Portuguese

escudo

Central African
Republic

Chad

Bangui

CFA franc

N'Djamena

CFA franc

French
Sango

French
Arabic

Comoros

Congo (CongoBrazzaville)

Cte
d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)

Moroni

Brazzaville

Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)

Comorian
franc

Comorian
Arabic
French

CFA franc

French

CFA franc

French

Democratic
Republic of the
Congo (Congo-

Kinshasa

Congolese
franc

French

Kinshasa)

Djibouti

Djibouti

Egypt

Cairo

Equatorial
Guinea

Djiboutian

French

franc

Arabic

Egyptian
pound

Arabic

Spanish
Malabo

CFA Franc

French
Portuguese

Tigrinya
Eritrea

Asmara

Tallero

Arabic
English

Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

Birr

Amharic

Gabon

Libreville

CFA franc

French

Gambia

Banjul

Ghana

Accra

Guinea

Conakry

Guinea-Bissau

Bissau

Kenya

Nairobi

Lesotho

Maseru

Liberia

Monrovia

Libya

Tripoli

Madagascar

Antananarivo

Gambian
dalasi

Ghana cedi

Guinean
franc

English

English

French

CFA franc

Portuguese

Kenyan

Swahili

shilling

English

Lesotho loti

Liberian
dollar

English
Sesotho

English

Dinar

Arabic

Malagasy

Malagasy

ariary

French

English

Malawi

Lilongwe

Kwacha

Mali

Bamako

CFA franc

French

Mauritania

Nouakchott

Ouguiya

Arabic

Chichewa

Mauritian
Mauritius

Port Louis

Mauritian

Creole

rupee

French
English

Mayotte

Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Moroccan

Arabic

dirham

Berber

Morocco

Rabat

Mozambique

Maputo

Namibia

Windhoek

Niger

Niamey

CFA franc

French

Nigeria

Abuja

Naira

English

Mozambican
metical

Namibian
dollar

Portuguese

English

Runion

Rwanda

Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan da Cunha

Sao Tome and

Principe

Senegal

Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France

Kigali

Euro

Rwandan
franc

French

Kinyarwanda
English
French

Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Saint Helena

Georgetown (Ascension Island)

pound

Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan

Pound

da Cunha)

sterling

So Tom

Dobra

Portuguese

Dakar

CFA franc

French

English

Seychellois
Seychelles

Victoria

Seychellois

Creole

rupee

French
English

Sierra Leone

Freetown

Somalia

Mogadishu

1Somaliland

Hargeisa

Leone

English

Somali

Somali

shilling

Arabic

Somaliland

Somali

shilling

Arabic

Afrikaans
English
Southern
Ndebele
Northern
Pretoria (administrative/executive)
South Africa

Cape Town (legislative)

Bloemfontein (judicial)

Sotho
South African

Southern

rand

Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu

South
South Sudan

Juba

Sudanese

English

pound

Sudan

Swaziland

Khartoum

Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)

Sudanese

Arabic

pound

English

Lilangeni

English
Swati

Dodoma (official)

Tanzanian

Swahili

Dar es Salaam (seat of government)

shilling

English

Togo

Lom

CFA franc

French

Tunisia

Tunis

Tunisian

Arabic

Tanzania

dinar

Uganda

Kampala

Ugandan
shilling

Swahili
English
Luganda

Moroccan
None Disputed territory between
None

Western Sahara

Morocco and the

Sahrawi Arab

Democratic Republic

dirham
Algerian
dinar
Mauritanian

See
respective
claimants

ouguiya
Zambia

Lusaka

Zambian
kwacha

English
English

Zimbabwe

Harare

US dollar|

Shona
Sindebele

Asia[edit]
Asia

Area

44,579,000 km2(17,212,000 sq mi)[7]

Population

3,879,000,000 (1st)[8]

Pop. density

87/km2 (225/sq mi)

Countries

48 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC+2 to UTC+12

Main articles: Asia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Asia
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as
area, population, and population density, seehere.
Asia ( /e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in
i

the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its
land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human
population. During the 20th century Asia's population nearly quadrupled. [9]
Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of
the Suez Canal, the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or
the Kuma-Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by
the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is more a cultural
concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia
differs very widely among and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments,
economics, historical ties and government systems.

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Pashto
Afghanistan

Kabul

Afghani

Dari
(Persian)

Flag

Name

Akrotiri and

Capital

Currency

Official
language

English

Episkopi Cantonment

Euro

Armenia

Yerevan

Dram

Armenian

Azerbaijan [Europe]

Baku

Manat

Azerbaijani

Bahrain

Manama

Bahraini dinar

Arabic

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Taka

Bengali

Bhutan

Thimphu

Dhekelia

British Indian
Ocean Territory

Diego Garcia
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

Bhutanese
ngultrum

US dollar
UK pound

Greek

Dzongkha

English

Bahasa

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan

Brunei dollar

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Riel

Khmer

China

Beijing

Renminbi (yuan)

Standard

Melayu

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Chinese

Christmas Island

Flying Fish Cove

External territory of Australia

Australian dollar

English

Cocos (Keeling)

West Island

Islands

External territory of Australia

Cyprus [Europe]

Nicosia

Euro

Dili

US Dollar

Tbilisi

Lari

Georgian

Special administrative region

Hong Kong

English

of China/Victoria

dollar

Cantonese

India

New Delhi

Indian rupee

Indonesia

Jakarta

Rupiah

East Timor (TimorLeste)

Georgia [Europe]

Hong Kong

Australian dollar

English
Tagalog

Greek
Turkish

Portuguese
Tetum

Hindi
English

Indonesian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Iran

Tehran

Rial

Iraq

Baghdad

Iraqi dinar

Jerusalem (seat of
Israel

government, proclaimed

New Shekel

capital)

Official
language

Persian

Kurdish
Arabic

Hebrew
Arabic

Japan

Tokyo

Yen

Japanese

Jordan

Amman

Jordanian dinar

Arabic

Kazakhstan

Astana

Tenge

Kurdistan

Erbil

Dinar

Kurdish

Kuwait

Kuwait City

Kuwaiti dinar

Arabic

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Som

Laos

Vientiane

Kip

Kazakh
Russian

Kyrgyz
Russian

Lao

Flag

Name

Lebanon

Macau

Malaysia

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Beirut

Lebanese pound

Arabic

Special administrative region

Macanese

Portuguese

of China/Macau

pataca

Cantonese

Ringgit

Malaysian

Kuala Lumpur (official)

Putrajaya (seat of government)

Maldives

Mal

Maldivian rufiyaa

Dhivehi

Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

Tgrg

Mongolian

Myanmar (Burma)

Naypyidaw

Kyat

Burmese

Armenian dram

Armenian

Nepalese rupee

Nepali

Stepanakert
De facto sovereign state
NagornoKarabakh

lacking general international

recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofAzerbaijan

Nepal

Kathmandu

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Nicosia
De facto sovereign state
lacking general international
Northern Cyprus

recognition

Turkish lira

Turkish

Recognized by United
Nation as de jure part
of Cyprus

North Korean

North Korea

Pyongyang

Oman

Muscat

Rial

Pakistan

Islamabad

Pakistani Rupee

won

Korean

Arabic

English
Urdu

Ramallah (West Bank seat of

government)
Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of
Palestine

government)
East Jerusalem (capital)

Israeli Shekel

Arabic

State of Palestine (flag

displayed) proclaimed on
territory

Philippines

Manila

Philippine Peso

Filipino
English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Qatar

Doha

Riyal

Arabic

Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

Saudi riyal

Arabic

English
Singapore

Singapore

Singapore dollar

Chinese
Malay
Tamil

South Korean

South Korea

Seoul

Sri Lanka

Sri Jayawardenepura-Kotte

Sri Lankan rupee

Syria

Damascus

Syrian pound

Arabic

lacking general international

New Taiwan

Standard

recognition

dollar

Chinese

Somoni

Tajik

won

Korean

Sinhala
Tamil

Taipei
De facto sovereign state
Taiwan

Recognized by United
Nations as part of China.

Tajikistan

Dushanbe

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Thailand

Bangkok

Baht

Thai

Turkey [Europe]

Ankara

Turkish lira

Turkish

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

United Arab
Emirates

Abu Dhabi

Turkmen new
manat

UAE dirham

Turkmen

Arabic

Uzbekistan som
Uzbekistan

Tashkent

(O'zbekiston

Uzbek

so'mi)

Vietnam

Hanoi

ng

Vietnamese

Yemen

Sana'a

Yemeni rial

Arabic

Notes
1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United Nations Statistics Division.
Russia is historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a medieval state of northeastern
Europe. The Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th century. Today, most of the
territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the European part.

Europe[edit]

Europe

Area

10,180,000 km2(3,930,000 sq mi)[n]

Population

739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd)

Pop. density

72.5/km2

Countries

50 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC to UTC+6

Main articles: Europe and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Europe
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as
area, population, and population density, seehere.
Europe ( /jrp/ EWR-p or /jrp/ YUR-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's
i

seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsulaof Eurasia, Europe is generally divided
from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River,
the Caspian andBlack Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is
bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to

the south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europe
a concept dating back to classical antiquityare somewhat arbitrary, as the
primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporatecultural and political elements.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square
kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of
Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up
40% of the continent (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican
City is the smallest. Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with
a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a predominant
role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism.
Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the
Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's
population was 25%.[17] Both World Warswere largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a
decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United
States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron
Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east. European integration led to the
formation of the Council of Europe and the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have
been expanding eastward since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Mariehamn
land Islands

Autonomous region
of Finland (recognized by international

Euro

Swedish

treaty)

Albania

Tirana

Lek

Albanian

Andorra

Andorra la Vella

Euro

Catalan

Flag

Name

Capital

Austria

Vienna

Belarus

Minsk

Currency

Official
language

Euro

German

Belarusian

Belarusian

ruble

Russian

Dutch
Belgium

Brussels

Euro

French
German

Bosnia and
Herzegovina

Sarajevo

Convertible
mark

Bosnian
Croatian
Serbian

Bulgaria

Sofia

Lev

Bulgarian

Croatia

Zagreb

Kuna

Croatian

Czech
Republic

Prague

Denmark

Copenhagen

Estonia

Tallinn

Czech
koruna

Danish
krone[a]

Euro

Czech

Danish

Estonian

Flag

Name

Capital

Trshavn
Faroe Islands

Self-governing territory of the Danish

Realm

Finland

Helsinki

France

Paris

Germany

Berlin

Gibraltar
Gibraltar

Overseas territory of the United

Kingdom

Greece

Currency

Official
language

Faroese

Faroese

krna

Danish

Euro

Euro
CFP franc

Euro

Gibraltar
pound

Finnish
Swedish

French

German

English

Athens

Euro

Greek

Saint Peter Port

Pound

English

British Crown dependency

sterling

French

Hungary

Budapest

Forint

Hungarian

Iceland

Reykjavk

Guernsey

Icelandic
krna

Icelandic

Flag

Name

Ireland

Capital

Dublin

Official

Currency

Euro

language

English
Irish

Isle of Man
Italy
Jersey

Douglas

Pound

English

British Crown dependency

sterling

Manx

Rome

Euro

Italian

Saint Helier

Pound

English

British Crown dependency

sterling

French

Pristina
De facto sovereign state recognized
Kosovo

by over 80 UN member states

A United

Euro

Albanian
Serbian

Nations mandate in Serbian territory

was put in place starting in 1999.
Latvia

Riga

Euro

Latvian

Liechtenstein

Vaduz

Swiss franc

German

Lithuania

Vilnius

Euro

Lithuanian
Luxembourgis

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Euro

h
French
German

Macedonia

Skopje

Malta

Valletta

Moldova

Chiinu

Macedonian
denar
Euro
Moldovan
leu

Macedonian
Maltese
English
Romanian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Monaco

Monaco

Euro

French

Montenegro

Podgorica

Euro

Montenegrin

Euro
Netherlands

Amsterdam

US dollar
NA guilder

Dutch

Aruban florin

Norway

Oslo

Norwegian
krone

Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk

Poland

Warsaw

Zoty

Polish

Portugal

Lisbon

Euro

Portuguese

Romania

Bucharest

Russia

Moscow

Romanian
leu
Russian
ruble
Euro

Romanian
Russian
27 others coofficial

San Marino

San Marino

Serbia

Belgrade

Slovakia

Bratislava

Euro

Slovak

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Euro

Slovene

Serbian
dinar

Italian
Serbian

Spanish
Spain

Madrid

Euro

Catalan
Galician
Basque

Svalbard

Longyearbyen

Norwegian

Special territory of Norway (recognized krone

Norwegian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

by international treaty)
Sweden

Swedish

Stockholm

krona

Swedish
German

Switzerland

Bern

Swiss franc

French
Italian
Romansh

Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking
Transnistria

general international recognition

Recognized by United Nations as de

Transnistrian
ruble

Russian
Moldovan
Ukrainian

jure part of Moldova

Ukraine

Ukrainian

Kiev

United

hryvnia
Pound

London

Kingdom
Vatican City

sterling

Vatican City

Euro

Ukrainian

English
Italian

Notes
1.

Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by

the United Nations Statistics Division:
Azerbaijan,

Georgia,

Turkey,

Armenia.

In West Asia, but a member of the European Union:

North America[edit]
North America

Cyprus.

Area

24,709,000 km2(9,540,000 sq mi)

Population

528,720,588 (2008, 4th)

Pop. density

22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]

Countries

23 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-10 to UTC

Main articles: North America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America
See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of North America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data
such as area, population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within
the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is
bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south
by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.
North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles),
about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population
was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23 independent states. North America is the third-

largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa,
and Europe.

Flag

Name

Capital

The Valley
Anguilla

Overseas territory of the

United Kingdom

Antigua and
Barbuda

St. John's

Currency

East Caribbean
Dollar

East Caribbean
Dollar

Oranjestad
Aruba

Constituent country of the

Aruban florin

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Official
language

English

English

Papiamento
Dutch

Bahamas

Nassau

Bahamian Dollar

English

Barbados

Bridgetown

Barbadian Dollar

English

Belize

Belmopan

Belize Dollar

English

Hamilton
Bermuda

Overseas territory of the

Bermudian Dollar English

United Kingdom

Kralendijk
Bonaire

Special municipality of the

Netherlands

United States
Dollar

Dutch

Flag

Name

British Virgin
Islands

Canada

Capital

Road Town
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

Ottawa

George Town
Cayman Islands

Overseas territory of the

United Kingdom

Clipperton Island

uninhabited
Overseas territory of France

Costa Rica

San Jos

Cuba

Havana

Willemstad
Curaao

Constituent country of the

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dominica

Roseau

Currency

United States
Dollar

Canadian Dollar

Cayman Islands
Dollar

Euro

Costa Rican
colon

Official
language

English

French
English

English

French

Spanish

Cuban peso

Spanish

Netherlands

Papiamento

Antillean guilder

Dutch

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Flag

Name

Dominican
Republic

El Salvador

Capital

Santo Domingo

San Salvador

Currency

Dominican peso

United States
Dollar

Official
language

Spanish

Spanish

Nuuk
Greenland

Self-governing territory of

Danish Krone

Greenlandic

the Danish Realm

Grenada

St. George's

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Basse-Terre
Guadeloupe

Overseas department of

Euro

French

France

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Guatemalan
quetzal

Haitian gourde

Honduran
lempira

Spanish

French

Spanish

Flag

Name

Jamaica

Capital

Kingston

Currency

Official
language

Jamaican Dollar

English

Euro

French

Mexican peso

Spanish

Fort-de-France
Martinique

Overseas department of
France

Mexico

Mexico City

Plymouth (official)
Montserrat

Brades (seat of government)

East Caribbean

Overseas territory of the

Dollar

English

United Kingdom

Navassa Island

Insular area of the United

States of America

Nicaragua

Managua

United States
Dollar

Nicaraguan
cordoba

English

Spanish

United States
Panama

Panama City

Dollar
Panamanian
balboa

Spanish

Flag

Name

Capital

San Juan
Puerto Rico

Insular area of the United

States of America

The Bottom
Saba

Special municipality of the

Netherlands

Saint Barthlemy

Saint Kitts and

Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Martin

Gustavia
Overseas collectivity of France

Basseterre

Castries

Marigot
Overseas collectivity of France

Saint Pierre and

Saint-Pierre

Miquelon

Overseas collectivity of France

Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines

Kingstown

Currency

Official
language

United States

English

Dollar

Spanish

United States
Dollar

Euro

East Caribbean
Dollar

East Caribbean
Dollar

French

English

English

Euro

French

Euro

French

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Flag

Name

Capital

Oranjestad
Sint Eustatius

Special municipality of the

Netherlands

Philipsburg
Sint Maarten

Constituent country of the

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Trinidad and
Tobago

Turks and Caicos

Islands

Port of Spain

Cockburn Town
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

United States

United States
Virgin Islands

Washington, D.C.

Charlotte Amalie
Insular area of the United
States of America

South America[edit]
South America

Currency

Official
language

United States
Dollar

Netherlands
Antillean guilder

Trinidad and
Tobago Dollar

United States
Dollar

United States
Dollar

United States
Dollar

English

English

English

English

Area

17,840,000 km2
(6,890,000 sq mi)

Population

387,489,196 (2011, 5th)

Pop. density

21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi)

Countries

12 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

Main articles: South America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America
See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of South America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data
such as area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern
Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in theNorthern Hemisphere.[20][21]
It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic
Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by twelve sovereign
states
- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,Uruguay,
and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region of France, and the Falkland
Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also
be considered part of South America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states

that border the Caribbean Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana
are also known as Caribbean South America.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as of
2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area
(after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, andNorth
America). The word America was coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin
Waldseemller and Matthias Ringmann, after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to
suggest that the lands newly discovered by Europeans were not India, but a New World unknown to
Europeans.

Flag

Name

Argentina

Bolivia

Capital

Buenos Aires

Sucre (official)
La Paz (seat of government)

Currency

Peso

Official
language

Spanish

Spanish
Boliviano

Quechua
Aymara

Brazil

Braslia

Real

Portuguese

Chile

Santiago

Peso

Spanish

Colombia

Bogot

Peso

Spanish

Ecuador

Quito

Falkland

Stanley

Islands

Overseas territory of the United

United States
dollar

Falkland Islands

Spanish

English

Flag

Name

Capital

Kingdom

French
Guiana

Currency

Official
language

pound

Cayenne
Overseas department of

Euro

French

English

France

Guyana

Georgetown

Guyanese dollar

Paraguay

Asuncin

Guaran

Peru

Lima

Nuevo sol

Spanish

Suriname

Paramaribo

Surinamese dollar

Dutch

Uruguay

Montevideo

Uruguayan peso

Spanish

Venezuela

Caracas

Bolvar fuerte

Spanish

Oceania[edit]
Oceania

Spanish
Guaran

Geopolitical Oceania

Area

8,560,000 km2
(3,310,000 sq mi)

Population

38,304,000 (2013, 5th)

Pop. density

4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi)

Countries

14 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

Main articles: Oceania and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania
See also: Australia (continent) and Pacific Islands
Further information: Geography of Oceania
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as
area, population, and population density, see here.
Oceania (UK /on/ or /osn/;[22] US /oini/)[23] is a region centered on the islands of
the tropical Pacific Ocean.[24] Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and
volcanic islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into
the subregions ofMelanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia)[25] to the entire insular region
between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is
sometimes used more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands,
[26][27][28][29]

or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian

ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia
apart either from New Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31]

Flag

Name

American
Samoa

Capital

Currency

Pago Pago
Insular area of the United

United States dollar

States of America

Official
language

English
Samoan

Ashmore and
Cartier
Islands
External

Canberra

Australian dollar

territory of
Australia

Australia

None[c]

Insular area of the

Baker Island

United States of
America

Avarua
Cook Islands

Self-governing parliamentary

New Zealand dollar

democracy in free association

Cook Islands dollar

with New Zealand

Coral Sea
Islands

External territory of
Australia

English
Cook Islands
Mori

Flag

Name

Fiji

French
Polynesia

Capital

Suva

Currency

Papeete
Overseas

CFP Franc

collectivity of France

Hagta

United States of
America

Howland
Island

Insular area of the

United States of
America

Insular area of the

Jarvis Island

United States of
America

Johnston
Atoll

Kingman
Reef

Kiribati

language

Fijian dollar

Insular area of the

Guam

Official

Insular area of the

United States of
America

Insular area of the

United States of
America

Tarawa

French

Flag

Name

Marshall
Islands

Micronesia

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Majuro

Palikir

Insular area of the

Midway Atoll

United States of
America

Nauru

Yaren (seat of government)

Nouma
New

Sui generis

Caledonia

collectivity (special collectivity)

CFP Franc

French

ofFrance

Maori
New
New Zealand

Wellington

New Zealand Dollar

Zealand
Sign
English

Self-governing
parliamentary
Niue

Alofi

democracy in free
association with New
Zealand

Flag

Name

Norfolk Island

Capital

Kingston

Northern
Mariana

Self-governing territory
of Australia

Insular area of the

Saipan

Islands

Palau

Currency

United States of
America

Ngerulmud

Insular area of the

Palmyra Atoll

United States of
America

Papua New
Guinea

Pitcairn
Islands

Samoa

Solomon
Islands

Port Moresby

Adamstown

Apia

Honiara

Overseas territory of the

United Kingdom

Official
language

Flag

Name

Capital

Nukunonu (main settlement,

Tokelau

although each atoll has its

own administrative centre)

Tonga

Nukualofa

Tuvalu

Funafuti

Currency

Official
language

Dependent territory of
New Zealand

Bislama
Vanuatu

Port Vila

Vanuatu vatu

French
English

Wake Island

Insular area of the United

United States dollar

States of America

Wallis and
Futuna

Mata-Utu
Overseas
collectivity of France

Antarctica[edit]
Antarctica

CFP Franc

French

Area

14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]

Main article: Antarctica

Further information: Geography of Antarctica
Antarctica ( /ntrtk/ or /ntrktk/)[d] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the
i

geographic South Pole. It is situated in theAntarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost
entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0
million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America,
and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of
Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest
average elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with
annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.[36] The
temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C (129 F). There are no permanent human residents,
but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations
scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including many types
of algae, animals (for
example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista.
Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the
first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by
the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail
Lazarev on Vostokand Mirny. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the
19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic

Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty
prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste
disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments
are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves
south of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the followingterritorial
claims in Antarctica have been made:

Argentina: Argentine Antarctica

Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory

Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)

Chile: Antrtica

France: Adlie Land

New Zealand: Ross Dependency

Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land

United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory

(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)

Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
Language

Bouvet Island
Dependent territory

French Southern

Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands)

Euro

French

Territories

Port-aux-Franais (Kerguelen

of Norway

Islands)

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
Language

Martin-de-Vivis (Saint
Paul and Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France

Heard Island and

McDonald Islands
External territory of

Australia

South Georgia and

King Edward Point

the South Sandwich

Overseas territory of the United

Islands

Kingdom

See also[edit]
2

Pound
sterling

English