AU S T RALI A

Introduction
Name of the country
Australia.
The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis. In 1824, the continent
named officially as Australia. Australia is the largest island and the smallest
continent in the world, lies entirely south of the Equator and it is called the land
down under or even the island continent. Now the official name is Commonwealth
of Australia. Australia is the only continent that has only one nation and is the sixth largest
country in the world. It also includes the large Tasmania and many small islands.
Location
Australia entirely lies in the Southern Hemisphere and in the Eastern hemisphere of the globe.
The Tropic of Capricorn passes through its center. Australias location is
12S to 38S latitude and 114E to 154 longitude. Australia is bordered by
Indian Ocean in the west, the Southern Ocean in the south and the Pacific
Ocean in the east. Australia is close to Southeast Asia and many island
stresses between them.
Capital of the country
Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 381,488, it is Australia's largest
inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the
Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney, and 660 km (410
mi) north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a "Canberran". The site of
Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between
rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities.

Geography

Continent
Coordinates
Region

Geography of Australia
Australia
27S 144E
Oceania.
Ranked as 6th.

Area

7,686,850km2. or 2,967,910 sq mi.

Coastline
Borders
Highest point
Lowest point
Longest river
Largest lake

99% land 1% water.

25,765km or 16,000mi.
0 km.
Mount Kosciuszko, 2,228m or 7,310ft.
Lake Eyre, -15m or -49ft.
Murray River. 2,375km or 1,476mi
Lake Eyre, 9,500km2 or 3,668 sq mi.

Physical geography
Australia is a country, and a continent. It is located in Oceania between the Indian Ocean and the
South Pacific Ocean. It is the sixth largest country in the world with a total area of 7,686,850
square kilometers. The Australian mainland has a total coastline length of 35,876 km with an
additional 23,859 km of island coastlines. Australia claims an extensive Exclusive Economic
Zone of 8,148,250 square kilometers. Australia has the largest area of ocean jurisdiction of any
country on earth. The island of new Guinea lies to the north of Australia. Tasmania lying to the
south, it is separated from Australia. New Zeeland is lying 2000km away from Australia.
It has no land borders. Australia is the lowest, flattest, and oldest continental landmass on Earth.
Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, and therefore currently has no active

volcanism. Minor earthquakes which produce no damage occur regularly, while major
earthquakes measuring greater than magnitude 6 occur on average every five years. Cyclones
along the northern coasts, severe thunderstorms, droughts, occasional floods, heat waves, and
frequent bushfires are natural hazards that are present in Australia. The Great Barrier Reef, by far
the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the north-east coast.
The Australian continental landmass consists of 6 distinct landform divisions. These are:

The Eastern Highlands including the Great Dividing Range, the fertile Briga low Belt

strip of grassland behind the east coast, and the Eastern Uplands.
The Eastern alluvial Plains and Lowlands Murray Darling basin covers southern part,

also includes parts of the Lake Eyre Basin and extends to the Gulf of Carpentaria.
The South Australian Highlands including the Flinders Range, Eyre Peninsula and

Yorke Peninsula.
The Western Plateau including the Nullarbor Plain.
The Central Deserts.
Northern Plateau and Basins including the Top End.

Political geography
Australia consists of six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. The
states are:
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The
two major mainland territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.
Western Australia is the largest state covering just under one third of the Australian landmass,
followed by Queensland, South Australia and New South Wales.

Demography
The demographics of Australia cover basic statistics, most populous cities, ethnicity and religion.
The population of Australia is estimated to be 24,049,700 as of 8 April 2016. Australia is the
52nd most populous country in the world. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas
and is expected to exceed 28 million by 2030.

Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of about 350,000 at the time of
British settlement in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also
due to immigration, the European component of the population is declining as a percentage.
Australia has fewer than three persons per square kilometer of total land area. With 89.01% of its
population living in urban areas, Australia is one of the world's most urbanized countries. The
life expectancy of Australia in 19992001 was 79.7 years, among the highest in the world.
Demographics of
Australia
Indicator

Rank

Measure

52nd

24,049,700

GDP (PPP) per capital

19th

$43,929

GDP

12th

$1.56 trillion

57th

5.80%

CO2 emissions

11th

18.3 t

Electricity consumption

17th

213.5 TWh

Economic freedom

3rd

82.5

2nd

0.937

1st (equal)*

Corruption (A higher score means less (perceived) corruption.)

11th

80

Press freedom

18th

5.38

Population
Population
Economy

Unemployment rate

Politics
Human Development Index
Political freedom

Society

Literacy Rate

21st

99%

Broadband uptake

17th

13.8%

Beer consumption

20th

4.49 L

5th

81.2

Birth rate

148th

13.8

Fertility rate

137th

1.969

Infant mortality

202nd

4.57

Death rate

122nd

7.56

50th

14.9

Health
Life Expectancy

Suicide Rate

4.4
HIV/AIDS rate

108th

0.10%

The population density in Australia was last reported as 2.91/km 2. The density was 2.8/km2 in
2008 and 2.86/km2 in 2009. That made Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the
world.
Age structure:

014 years 18%

15-24 years 13.3%
25-54 years 41.8%
5564 years 11.8%
65 years and over 15.1%

Median age:

Sex ratio:

Total: 37.3 years

Male: 36.6 years
Female: 38.1 years.

At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
1564 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
Total population: 1 male(s)/female
Religion

Australia is a religiously diverse country and it has no official religion. 61.1% of the population
classified themselves as being affiliated with a Christian faith, Minority religions practised in
Australia include Buddhism (2.5% of the population), Islam (2.2%), Hinduism (1.3%) and
Judaism (0.5%).
Language
English is the national language of Australia and is spoken by the vast majority of the population.
The most commonly spoken languages other than English are Italian, Greek, German, Spanish,
Vietnamese, Filipino, Chinese varieties, Indian languages, Arabic and Macedonian, as well as
numerous Australian Aboriginal languages.

Literacy

Definition: aged 15 years and over can read and write

Total population: 99%
Male: 99%
Female: 99%

Education expenditure
4.9% of GDP
Country comparison to the world: 55
Nationality
Australian

Major Imports and exports

Exports:
Exports from Australia amounted to US$191.2 billion in 2015, down -29% since 2011
with a one-year -20.5% drop from 2014. Australias top 10 exports accounted for 76.5%
of the overall value of its global shipments.
Based on statistics from the International Monetary Funds World Economic Outlook
Database, Australias total Gross Domestic Product amounted to $1.137 trillion as of
November 2015.Therefore, exports accounted for about 16.8% of total Australian
economic output. Given Australias population of 22.8 million people, its total $191.2
billion in 2015 exports translates to roughly $8,403 for every resident in that country.
Australias unemployment rate was 5.8% as of December 2015.
Australias Top 10 Export: The following export product groups represent the highest
dollar value in Australian global shipments during 2015. Also shown is the percentage
share each export category represents in terms of overall exports from Australia.
1
2
3
4

Oil: US$49 billion (25.6% of total exports)

Ores, slag, ash: $48.1 billion (25.2%)
Gems, precious metals: $12.7 billion (6.6%)
Meat: $9.9 billion (5.2%)

5 Cereals: $6.5 billion (3.4%)

6 Inorganic chemicals: $5.5 billion (2.9%)
7 Machines, engines, pumps: $5.2 billion (2.7%)
8 Aluminum: $3.6 billion (1.9%)
9 Copper: $2.9 billion (1.5%)
10 Medical, technical equipment: $2.8 billion (1.5%)
Australian meat was the only top 10 export category to appreciate during the 5-year
period starting in 2011, up in value by 36.1%. Subcategory gainers include frozen, fresh
and chilled red meat from cows, sheep and goats.
Leading the decliners was the ores, slag and ash category, down -42%. This would
suggest a major slowdown for construction in China, given that the Peoples Republic is
Australias number one trade partner.
Second among the losing product categories was oil (down -35.4%), copper (down -33%)
and aluminum (down -32.6%).
Australian global sales of gems and precious metalsnotably goldalso fell significantly
posting a -24.7% drop.

Imports:
Australian imports amounted to US$200.8 billion in 2015, down -14.3% since 2011 and
-11.8% from 2014 to 2015. Australias top 10 imports accounted for over two-thirds
(67.8%) of the overall value of its product purchases from other countries. Australian
imports represent 1.1% of total global imports which totaled $18.74 trillion. From a
continental perspective, 59.1% of Australias total imports by value in 2015 were
purchased from Asian countries. European trade partners supplied 18.7% of import sales
to Australia while 13% worth originated from North America. Given Australias
population of 22.8 million people, its total $200.8 billion in 2015 imports translates to
roughly $8,824 in yearly product demand from every person in the country.
Australias Top 10 Imports: The following product groups represent the highest dollar
value in Australias import purchases during 2015. Also shown is the percentage share
each product category represents in terms of overall imports into Australia.
1

Machines, engines, pumps: US$31.6 billion (15.7% of total Australian

imports)

Vehicles: $24.9 billion (12.4%)

Oil: $22.2 billion (11.1%)

Electronic equipment: $20.6 billion (10.2%)

Medical, technical equipment: $7.7 billion (3.8%)

Pharmaceuticals: $7.2 billion (3.6%)

Iron or steel products: $6.9 billion (3.4%)

Plastics: $5.4 billion (2.7%)

Gems, precious metals: $5.3 billion (2.6%)

10 Furniture, lighting: $4.4 billion (2.2%)

Imported iron or steel products had the fastest-growing increase in value among the top
10 import categories, up 31.1% for the 5-year period starting in 2011. In second place for
improving import sales were furniture and lighting, up 12.8%. Close behind were
Australian imports of plastics delivering the third-fastest gain at 3.2%. Gems and
precious metals was the laggard category among the top 10 Australian imports, posting a
-44.8% decline based largely on Australian gold imports cut in half in 2015 compared to
2011. Please note that the results listed above are at the 2-digit Harmonized Tariff System
code level. Information presented under other virtual folder tabs is at the more granular 4digit level.

Benefits Of Globalization
Australia was always more open to international trade than most countries. Back in 1913,
Australias exports were 13 per cent of GDP when the world average was only 8 per cent.
However, inward looking, protectionist policies caused our ratio of exports to GDP to slip
behind other countries in the 1960s and 1970s. This hurt Australia. Trade protectionism
and a range of other poor economic policies caused Australians to slip from being the
wealthiest people in the world, with the highest real GDP per capita in 1913 to a rank of
15th by 1990. Our Human Development index rankings slipped to the same extent, to
14th. But in abandoning protectionist policies and introducing a range of other economic
reforms, Australian governments have put Australia on the way back to the top. The
Government has overhauled comprehensively Australias taxation system, reformed labor
and capital markets and introduced privatization into the transport and
telecommunications sectors. These reforms have encouraged firms to adopt new
technologies, increase training and seek new export markets. As a consequence,
productivity growth in Australia was the second highest of all industrialized countries in
the 1990s. The Government has also repaid $63 billion worth of Commonwealth debt
since 1996. By 2002, Australia boasted the 4th highest real GDP per person among the
worlds major industrialized economies. And in 2001 Australia had the 4th highest

Human Development ranking in the world. The strength of Australias own institutions
means we are well placed to help others improve their institutions and their approaches to
key policies.
The Government has increasingly focused its development assistance expenditure toward
governance programs in five key areas:
Improved economic and financial management
Strengthened law and justice
Increased public sector effectiveness
Development of civil society
And strengthened democratic systems.
Indeed, 21 per cent or $370 million of our development assistance expenditure is directed
toward governance programs. With stronger institutions, countries are better placed to
introduce the policies and reform vital to securing the opportunities of globalization.
One of the main policies developed and developing countries can introduce to spread the
gains from globalization is to reduce their trade barriers. The World Bank estimates
developing countries would gain about US $100 billion a year if developed and
developing countries removed all their trade barriers against developing country exports.
This far exceeds the US$57 billion developing countries get each year in aid. The current
Doha Round of WTO trade negotiations is a welcome opportunity to reduce, if not
eliminate, these barriers. Doha is called the development round because it is prioritizing
lowering barriers to developing economy trade and getting them access to cheaper
medicines for major diseases like AIDS. Australia is working hard in the WTOs Doha
Round of trade negotiations to reduce global trade barriers, particularly to agricultural
exports. And delivered duty-free and quota-free access to least developed country
exports.

Prospecting of the country

Gold prospecting is the act of searching for new gold deposits. Methods used vary with
the type of deposit sought and the resources of the prospector. Although traditionally a
commercial activity, in some developed countries placer gold prospecting has also
become a popular outdoor recreation. Prospecting for placer gold is normally done with a

gold pan or similar instrument to wash free gold particles from loose surface sediment.
The use of gold pans is centuries old, but is still common among prospectors and miners
with little financial backing. Deeper placer deposits may be sampled by trenching or
drilling. Geophysical methods such as seismic, gravity or magnetic may be used to locate
buried river channels that are likely locations for placer gold. Sampling and assaying a
placer gold deposit to determine its economic viability is subject to many pitfalls. Once
placer gold is discovered, the gold pan is usually replaced by sluices or mechanical
devices to wash greater volumes of material. Discovery of placer gold has often resulted
in discovery of hard rock gold deposits when the placers are traced to their sources.
Prospectors for hard rock, or lode gold deposits, can use many tools. It is done at the
simplest level by surface examination of rock outcrops, looking for exposures of mineral
veins, hydrothermal alteration, or rock types known to host gold deposits. Field tools may
be nothing more than a rock hammer and hand lens.
Hard rock gold deposits are more varied in mineralogy and geology than placer deposits,
and prospecting methods can be very different for different types of deposits. As with
placer gold, the sophistication of methods used to prospect for hard rock gold vary with
the financial resources of the prospector. Drilling is often used to explore the subsurface.
Surface geophysical methods may be used to locate geophysical anomalies associated
with gold deposits. Samples of rocks or soil may be collected for geochemical laboratory
assay, to determine metal content or detect geochemical anomalies. Hard rock gold
particles may be too small to see, even with a microscope.
Most gold today is produced in large open-pit and deep underground mines. However,
small-scale gold mining is still common, especially in third-world countries.
A recent study by Australian scientists found that termites have been found to excrete
trace deposits of gold. According to the CSIRO, the termites burrow beneath eroded
subterranean material which typically masks human attempts to find gold, and ingest and
bring the new deposits to the surface. They believe that studying termite nests may lead
to less invasive methods of finding gold deposits.

Comparative And Absolute Advantages

Comparative advantage of Australia

Because the world is becoming a vastly more competitive place, at
both the sector and capability levels, Australia needs to assess its
competitive starting point. This is the basis from which businesses and
governments need to develop a strategy to access value chains and
tap into the global marketplace. Australia is a capital-intensive, highwage economy.
Australias economy has been transitioning away from manufacturing
to a more resources and services-based economy.
Australias exports primarily come from sectors which exploit natural
advantages in agriculture and resources, and high-quality university
sector.
Biggest employers are in services sectors that have historically faced
only limited exposure to trade.
Australias biggest contributors to GDP, with the exception of mining,
are not high-exporting sectors.
While they have been in decline, the manufacturing sectors remain
important in terms of output and employment.

Absolute advantage of Australia

It mainly comes down to the fact that Australia have so many natural resources and that
give quite a lot of power to control various parts of the world. If Australia stop digging up
uranium then parts of the world would go without electricity. Australia have very unique
position being the only "western" country in the Asia region, which means they have
really strong partnerships and link in Asia (trade agreements, business links, political
links etc etc) but also really strong links with Europe and the US. this position will
become increasingly important to the US especially as they enter a new era with China
and North Korea, as they are the predominant "western" contact within these regions.
Australia also have a large business sector (most European/American companies have
offices in Australia), a really strong local and global economy, strong trade links, big,
busy international airports in every big city, and lots of people coming in/out for business,

leisure and studies.

Tourism industries are very strong and will always be a bit of a backup in case everything
else falls apart. Government likes to think of itself as big and powerful (but they are just
dreaming) and are very forward thinking.

CULTURE
Culture means different things to different people. Usually we think of material things
that may seem to stereotype people to a specific group or culture. Culture gives us
appropriate models for marriage and family structures; it teaches us what to eat or not eat
not only that but also what to do or not to do. .Each and every country have different
culture. The country people follow this specific culture.
Our report is on Australia. Now we discussed about culture of australian culture.
In Australian culture we discuses about language ,humor, festival, society.
Language : Although Australia has no official language, it is largely monolingual with
English being the de facto national language. Australian English is a major variety of the
language which is immediately distinguishable from British, American, and other
national dialects by virtue of its unique acc nets, pronunciations, idioms and vocabulary,
although its spelling more closely reflects British versions rather than American.
According to the 2011 census, English is the only language spoken in the home for
around 80% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are
Mandarin (1.7%), Italian (1.5%), and Arabic (1.4%); almost all migrants speak some
English.
Australia has a sign language known as Aslant, which in 2004 was the main language of
about 6,500 deaf people.[22]
It is believed that there were between 200 and 300 Australian Aboriginal languages at the
time of first European contact, but only about 70 of these have survived and all but 20 are
now endangered. An indigenous language is the main language for 0.25% of the
population.
Humor: Comedy is an important part of the Australian identity. The "Australian sense of
humor" is often characterized as dry, irreverent and ironic, exemplified by the works of
performing artists like Barry Humphries and Paul Hogan.

Australian comedy has a strong tradition of self-mockery, from the outlandish Barry
McKenzie expat-in-Europe cocker comedies of the 1970s, to the quirky outback
characters of the "Crocodile" Dundee films of the 1980s, the suburban parody of Working
Dog Productions 1997 film The Castle and the dysfunctional suburban motherdaughter
sitcom Kath & Kim. In the 1970s, satirical talk-show host Norman Guns ton (played by
Garry McDonald), with his malapropisms, sweep-over hair and poorly shaven face, rose
to great popularity by pioneering the satirical "ambush" interview technique and giving
unique interpretations of pop songs. Roy and HG provide an affectionate but irreverent
parody of Australia's obsession with sport.
Religion: Australia has no official state religion and the Australian Constitution prohibits
the Commonwealth government from establishing a church or interfering with
the freedom of religion. According to the 2011 Australian Census, 61.1% of Australians
were listed as Christian. Historically, this proportion has been higher and a growing
proportion of the population define themselves as irreligious, with 22.3% of Australians
declaring "no religion" on the census. There are also growing communities of various
other religions. From the early decades after federation, people from diverse religious
backgrounds have held public office. The first Jewish Governor General, Isaac Isaacs,
was selected by the first Catholic prime minister, James Sculling, in the 1930s. In recent
times, some prime ministers have identified as religious, others as non-religious.
Christianity has had an enduring impact on Australia. At the time of Federation in 1901,
97% of Australians professed to be Christians. The Anglican Church (formerly Church of
England) remained the largest denomination until 1986, when it was surpassed by the
Roman Catholic Church. The Christian festivals of Christmas and Easter Sunday are
national public holidays in Australia. Christian charitable organizations, hospitals and
schools have played a prominent role in welfare and education since colonial times. In
2008, 20% of total students attended Catholic schools.
Holiday: Australia's calendar of public holiday festivals begins with New Years day.
This is also the day upon which the Australian Federation officially came into being,
however the national day, Australia Day, is celebrated on 26 January, the anniversary of
British colonisation. The Christian festivals of Easter and Christmas are public holidays
in Australia. Christmas Day, 25 December, falls during the Southern
Hemisphere summer.
Clothing and appear: Australia has no official designated national dress, but iconic local
styles include bush wear and surfwear.They ware shirt and pant both mail or female. The

country's best-known fashion event is Australian Fashion Week, a twice yearly industry
gathering showcasing seasonal collections from Australian and Asia Pacific.
Sport: the main sport of Australia is cricket. Cricket is Australia's most popular summer
sport and has been played since colonial times. The first recorded cricket match in
Australia took place in Sydney in 1803. Intercolonial contests started in
1851 and Sheffield Shield inter-state cricket continues to this day.Not only that but also
other sport are also continue in Australia Horse racing, gambling. Basketball is popular in
Australia in terms of participation.

GDP OF AUSTRALIA:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest quantitative measure of a nation's total
economic activity. More specifically, GDP represents the monetary value of all goods and
services produced within a nation's geographic borders over a specified period of time.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Australia:
The market value of all final goods and services produced in Australia during a specific
period. The growth rate of GDP is used as a broad gauge of the overall economic health.
Robust GDP growth signals a heightened level of activity that is generally associated
with a healthy economy. However, economic expansion also raises concerns about
inflationary pressures, and strong GDP growth may induces the Australian central bank to
raise interest rates in order to combat inflation. As a result, positive GDP readings are
typically bullish for the Australian dollar, while slumping GDP growth is usually bearish.

**Formula calculation of GDP

The calculation of GDP according to the following formula:
GDP = C + I + G + (EX - IM)
C = private consumption
I = private investment
G = government expenditure
EX = exports of goods and services
IM = imports of goods and services
Now, we all know that Australia is a very developed country.
Their current GDP almost close to 1.56 trillion USD.

Where their growth rate is about 0.6%

Australia GDP Growth Rate
Australian GDP expanded 0.6 percent in the December quarter of 2015, as compared to
an upwardly revised 1.1 percent growth in the previous quarter and above market
consensus. While final consumption expenditure contributed positively to the expansion,
investment fell and net exports gave no contribution to the GDP growth. Through the
year, the economy grew by 3.0 percent, accelerating from an upwardly revised 2.7
percent in the September quarter and beating expectations. It is the fastest expansion
since the third quarter 2012. GDP Growth Rate in Australia averaged 0.87 percent from
1959 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 4.40 percent in the first quarter of 1976 and
a record low of -2 percent in the second quarter of 1974. GDP Growth Rate in Australia is
reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Australia is an Attractive Country to Invest

For the fourth consecutive year, Australia remains in the Top Ten global
destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI), the UN Conference on Trade and
Developments (UNCTAD) World Investment Report 2015 has reported. Over the
three years to 2014, Australia attracted a cumulative total of US$162 billion in
FDI flows, up nearly 30 per cent from US$125 billion received over the previous three
years.

Opportunities
The Australian Government welcomes foreign investment. As the Australian
Government's investment promotion agency, Austrade works to inform investors about
growth opportunities in five areas which play to our strengths, jointly agreed by
Australian and State and Territory Governments:
Agribusiness and food
Major infrastructure
Tourism infrastructure
Resources and energy
Advanced manufacturing, services and technology
Within advanced manufacturing, services and technology, Austrade focuses on
highlighting growth opportunities for investment in Australian medical and
materials sciences and technologies, and digital technologies.
Continues Annual Growth
Australias economic resilience and potential provide a safe, low-risk environment in
which to do business. The countries economy is rated AAA by all three global
rating agencies and is forecast to realize average annual real GDP growth of 2.9 per
cent between 2016 and 2020.
The Australian economy is:
the worlds 12th largest
In its 25th year of uninterrupted annual growth
supported by high productivity levels, with 15 out of 20 industries rating above the
global average
an important contributor to five sectors expected to drive future global growth:
agribusiness, education, tourism, mining and wealth management
home to the largest pool of funds under management in the Asian region.
Focused on Innovation
Australia is committed to innovation and science, recognising that it underpins the
countries growth, economic prosperity, competitiveness and job creation.

To foster creativity and entrepreneurship, the Australian Government has launched a

national Innovation and Science Agenda a suite of initiatives to encourage
Australians to take on new ideas, embrace risk, increase collaboration between
industry and researchers, and develop and attract world-class talent for the jobs of the
future.
Australia offers modern ICT infrastructure, high levels of investment, generous research
and development (R&D) tax incentives for businesses and strong intellectual property
protection.
Australia is:
supportive of high-quality research outcomes and entrepreneurial activity
committed to R&D, with gross expenditure on R&D growing at twice the OECD
average
rated fifth in a ranking of the worlds top 200 universities by five key subject fields
home to some of the worlds best academic and research institutions.
Talented workforce
The Australian labour force is one of the most educated, multicultural and multilingual in
the world. Australia:
has the worlds highest secondary education enrolment rate
is ranked ninth in the world for the talent of the people it produces, attracts and retains
has a culturally diverse workforce where almost 30 per cent of workers
were born overseas
has experienced a sustained period of labour productivity growth exceeding
growth in real wages
is the third most popular study destination for international students and a first
choice education destination within the Asian region.

Connected to Asia
Australia is geographically close to and has longstanding trade, investment and
cultural ties with the Asia-Pacific region.
Existing and new trade agreements are set to drive the flow of goods, services
and investments between Australia and its major trading partners in Asia, Europe and
North America.
Australia has an open trading economy where:
two-way trade in goods and services totaled A$664 billion in 2014(42 per cent of
GDP)

 ten of the countries top 12 goods and services export markets were in the Asian region.
foreign investment stock totaled almost A$3 trillion as at June 2015
inward foreign direct investment stock reached A$688 billion in 2014,up 40 per
cent from 2009 figures.
A good place to do business
With one of the most transparent and well-regulated business environments in the
world,Australias political stability and regulatory framework provide investors with
confidence and security. For seven years in a row, Australia has been ranked in the global
top five on the Index of Economic Freedom. The cost of remuneration for professionals
and prime office space is among the most competitive in the world.
Australias financial services sector has:

assets of more than A$7 trillion, over four times Australias nominal GDP
the worlds fourth largest pension assets pool
the third largest liquid stock market in the Asian region after Japan and China
strong financial market turnover

Facility endowment of Australia:

Australia is a developed country and one of the richest country in the world, with
the world's 12th-largest economy. In 2014 Australia had the world's fifth-highest per
capita income. Australia ranks highly in many international comparisons of national
performance, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and the
protection of civil liberties and political rights. Australia is the world's leading producer
of rutile, zircon, bauxite, iron ore and limonite, the second largest producer of alumina,
gold, lithium, manganese ore, lead and zinc, the third largest producer of uranium, and
the fourth largest of silver, nickel and black coal. Five Australian universities rank in the
top 50. American popular culture has strongly influenced Australia, particularly through
television and cinema. Other cultural influences come from neighboring Asian countries
and through large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking nations. Road transport
is an essential element of the Australian transport network, and an enabler of the
Australian economy. There is a heavy reliance on road transport due to Australia's large
area and low population density in considerable parts of the country. Australias exports
increased to an all-time high of A$29,970 million in February 2014 from A$29,850
million in the previous month. Australia is rich in natural resources and is one of the
major exporters of commodities. . Given below Australia facility endowment.

 Geography Uluru (Ayers Rock) is the worlds largest monolith. It is s a cre d for
Aborigines. It is very popular with tourists because of its beautiful colors.
Australia's mineral resources are an important component of the nation's wealth.
Understanding the available resources is a prerequisite for formulating sound
policies on resources and land access
About 24% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organized
sporting activities. At an international level, Australia has excelled at cricket, field
hockey, netball, rugby league and rugby union.
Coal : In every state in Australia, coal mining is carried out. However, the major
producers are Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. Out of the total coal
mined, as much as 60% is exported. A major part of it goes to countries in East
Asia. Australia is the largest net exporter of coal in the world and it accounts for
29% of the global coal exports.
Iron Ore : Australia, a major producer of iron ore in the world, has some of the
largest deposits and has a substantial share of the Economic Demonstrated
Resources (EDR). The Western Australia accounts for about 98% of Australias
EDR of 28 billion tons. According to the Bureau of Resources and Energy
Economics in Australia, iron ore exports in 2013-2014 would be 631 million tons.
About 50% of Chinas annual requirement of 0.77 billion tons of iron ore is
provided by Australia.
Gold : He worlds second largest producer of gold is Australia, after China. Gold
resources are found in all the states as well as the Northern Territory, but the major
deposits are in South Australia, Western Australia and New South Wales.
Bauxite : Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland have
substantial bauxite deposits. The largest producer of bauxite in the world (nearly
90 million tons annually) supplies high value downstream products as well. Over
80% of the bauxite produced is exported.
Uranium : The largest Reasonably Assured Resources of uranium in the world is
in Australia. Currently, it is the third largest producer in the world after
Kazakhstan and Canada. The three operating mines are located at Olympic Dam,
Beverley and Ranger.
Natural Gas : There are large reserves of natural gas in Australia. The largest
natural gas producing basin is Western Australia. Other states that produce natural
gas include Victoria, Northern Territory and Central Australia. Natural gas is
transported in the liquefied form.
Land resources : Finally, Australia's land itself can be considered as a resource.
Australian soil is used to grow food in the form of crops and to produce food for
raising livestock, such as cattle. Australian forests are used as a source of wood for
building and making paper.
Water : Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, with the least amount
of water in rivers, the lowest run-off and the smallest area of permanent wetlands

of all the continents. One third of the continent produces almost no run-off at all
and Australia's rainfall and stream-flow are the most variable in the world.
Biodiversity : Australia is one of the most biologically diverse countries on the
planet. It is home to more than one million species of plants and animals, many of
which are found nowhere else in the world, and less than half have been described
scientifically.
Flora and fauna : The high diversity of flora includes large numbers of species in
ecologically significant genera such as Acacia, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Grevillea
and Allocasuarina. Acacias tend to dominate in drier inland parts of Australia,
while eucalypts dominate in wetter parts.
Australia is the sixth largest country in the world. Its ocean territory is the world's third
largest, spanning three oceans and covering around 12 million square kilometers. Nearly
seven million square kilometers, or 91 per cent of Australia, is covered by native
vegetation. Although this figure may seem high, many of Australia's desert landscapes are
covered by native plants such as saltbush, albeit sparsely. For tens of thousands of years,
the lives and sense of cultural identity of Indigenous Australians were inextricably linked
to the land, its forms, flora and fauna. Today, the identity of all Australians is shaped by a
relationship with the natural environment. Australia is one of the most urbanized and
coast-dwelling populations in the world. More than 80 per cent of Australians live within
100 kilometers of the coast. Australia has some of the oldest land surface on earth and
while rich in biodiversity its soils and seas are among the most nutrient poor and
unproductive in the world. This is due mainly to the country's geological stability, which
is a major feature of the Australian land mass, and is characterised by, among other
things, a lack of significant seismic activity. Only six per cent of the Australian landmass
is arable. Large volumes of water are required from both surface and groundwater
supplies. Australian soils are highly dependent upon vegetation cover to generate
nutrients and for stability. Land clearing, water extraction and poor soil conservation are
all causes of a decline in the quality of Australia's soils. Australia currently has 65 Ramsar
(an international convention that provides the framework for conservation of wetlands)
listed wetlands covering 7.5 million hectares and more than 850 of national importance.
Australia's marine environment is home to 4000 fish species, 500 coral species in the
northern reefs alone, 50 types of marine mammal and a wide range of seabirds.
About 85 per cent of flowering plants, 84 per cent of mammals, more than 45 per cent of
birds, and 89 per cent of inshore, freshwater fish are unique to Australia. Australia is
richly endowed with marsupials there are more than 140 species. At least 18 exotic
mammals have established feral populations in Australia, with cats and foxes responsible
for the decline and extinction of several native animals. At least 2700 non-native
(introduced) plants have established populations in Australia. Sixty-eight per cent of these
introduced plants are considered a problem for natural ecosystems. The most common
vegetation types today are those that have adapted to arid conditions, where the land has

not been cleared for agriculture. The dominant type of vegetation in Australia 23 per
cent is the hummock grasslands in Western Australia, South Australia and the
Northern Territory. In the east eucalypt woodlands are prevalent, and in the west there are
Acacia forests, woodlands and scrublands. Tussock grasslands are found largely in
Queensland. In Australia there are more than 378 species of mammals, 828 species of
birds, 300 species of lizards, 140 species of snakes and two species of crocodiles. Of the
mammals, almost half are marsupials. The rest are either placental mammals or
monotremes. Among Australia's best-known animals are the kangaroo, koala, echidna,
dingo, platypus, wallaby and wombat.