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Laminacin de Metales
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Formado y Moldeado
Procesos de Formado: al material inicial (pieza de trabajo, tocho o
pieza bruta) con forma de placa, lmina, barra, varilla, alambre o
tubo de diferentes secciones transversales, se le cambia la forma.
Proceso de moldeado: incluye moldeo y fundicin de materiales
blandos o fundidos, y el producto terminado puede tener la forma
deseada.
Productos Continuos se obtienen por medio de procesos de:
laminado, extrusin, estirado.
Productos Discretos se obtienen por medio de proceso como el
forjado, formado de lminas metlicas, metalurgia de polvos,
moldeado de cermicos, vidrios y plsticos y plsticos
reforzados
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Laminacin de Metales
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Procesos de
laminacin plana y
laminacin de
forma
90% de todos lo
metales producidos por
conformado
son
laminados
Aceros,
metales,
aleaciones ferrosas y no
ferrosas combinan la
colada continua con
laminacin.
La
laminacin
a
temperaturas elevadas
mejora la estructura del
grano (quebradiza y
porosa producto de la
colada).
Se
rompe
a
una
estructura maleable, de
grano fino y propiedades
mejoradas.
Proceso
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Proceso
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Equipo
Productos
Productos
Formas: Vigas I, T, rieles de trenes, tranvas.
Secciones: marcos de puertas y canales.
Laminas:
Fuselajes: lminas de 1.8 19 mm
Carroceras de camiones: 1 mm
Carroceras de automviles: 0.7 mm
Latas de aluminio: 0.28 mm
Papel aluminio: 0.008mm
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Salida
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Equilibrio
Despreciando los trminos de orden elevado:
Diferenciando
Sustituyendo
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Diferenciando
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Espesor
Sustituyendo e Integrando
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
En la Regin de Entrada
Asumiendo
xb 0
0
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
En la Regin de Salida
y
Asumiendo
xb 0
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Expansin de Series de
Taylor:
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Se resuelve
numricamente
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Se resuelve
numricamente
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Fuerza de Laminado
Mtodo alternativo:
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Salida
Potencia
Potencia/rodillo
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Y debido a la
geometra, la
reduccin
mxima
posible es:
Ejemplo No.1
Laminado en fro de una barra de seccin
rectangular de 5% Sn-Bronce (bronce fosforado)
Calcular la fuerza de laminado.
Calcular la potencia.
Reduccin de h
Lubricante mineral
Reduccin Mxima:
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
F. Rodillo:
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Entrada
Salida
Simulacin
Esfuerzo Normal
Esfuerzo Cortante
Roll Arrangements
Bending of Rolls
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 13.5 Increase in strip width (spreading) in flat rolling. Note that
similar spreading can be observed when dough is rolled with a rolling pin.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Roller Leveling
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 13.9 (a) Rodillos pequeos, donde la relacin es h/L >1, la deformacin no es
homgenea y las zonas plsticas que penetran desde el punto de contacto tratan de separar
en cuas las piezas de trabajo. (b) Rodillos con grandes dimetros, una relacin h/L<1 ambas
zonas de deformacion cooperan completamente y el material fluje a una presin mnima. La
deformacin sera homogenea pero la friccin incrementa la presin en los rodillos.
Rolling Mill
Figure 13.10 A general view of a rolling mill. Source: Courtesy of Ispat Inland.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Tandem-Rolling
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Roll-Forging
Figure 13.13 Two examples of the roll-forging operation, also known as cross-rolling.
Tapered leaf springs and knives can be made by this process. Source: After J. Holub.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 13.14 (a) Production of steel balls by the skew-rolling process. (b) Production of
steel balls by upsetting a cylindrical blank. Note the formation of flash. The balls made by
these processes subsequently are ground and polished for use in ball bearings.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Ring-Rolling
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Thread-Rolling Processes
Figure 13.16 Thread-rolling processes: (a) and (c) reciprocating flat dies; (b) two-roller dies.
(d) Threaded fasteners, such as bolts, are made economically by these processes at high
rates of production. Source: Courtesy of Central Rolled Thread Die Co.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 13.17 (a) Features of a machined or rolled thread. Grain flow in (b) machined and
(c) rolled threads. Unlike machining, which cuts through the grains of the metal, the rolling
of threads imparts improved strength because of cold working and favorable grain flow.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 13.18 Cavity formation in a solid, round bar and its utilization in the rotary tubepiercing process for making seamless pipe and tubing. (see also Fig. 2.9.)
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.