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Product catalogue
Product name
Associated
disease
Sample
Package
mAlb
Diabetic
nephropathy
Urine
25T
2-MG
CysC
Urine
NGAL
AKI
W.B/S/P
W.B/S/P
25T
25T
25T
Background of AKI
Introduction
Diverse Causes
Decreasedrenal blood flow
(e.g.low blood pressure)
Exposure tosubstances harmful
to the kidney
Aninflammatoryprocess in the
kidney
Obstruction of theurinary
tractwhich impedes the flow of
urine
Definition
Specific Biomarkers
Microalbuminuria (mAlb)
Introduction
A. Structure of mAlb
B. Significance of
mAlb
Stage
Characteristic
Urine
Dipstick
for
Protein
Normal albumin
level
Negative
Reversible
Micro albuminuria
early phase of
Diabetic
nephropathy(DN)
Negative
Reversible
Early diabetic
nephropathy(DN)
Positive
No
Late-stage
diabetic renopathy
Positive
No
End-stage Renal
Disease(ESRD)
Positive
No
Reversi
ble or
Not
Clinical Applications
Glomerular injury
Pregnancy-induced renal disease
An early indicator of changes in renal and cardiovascular
system
Diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy and early
renal damage
10
Test item
Analytical
sensitivity
Sample
Cut-off
value
Measuring
range
mAlb
10.0mg/L
Urine
20.0mg/L
10.0-200.0mg/L
11
Cystatin C (CysC)
Introduction
Characteristics
1). Low molecular weight basic protein
(13KDa)
2). Freely filtered and catabolized in the
kidney
3). Widely distributed, lowest in urine
A. Structure of CysC
NOTE Cys C is reabsorbed by the tubulus cells and thereby rapidly degraded.
In the case of tubulus dysfunction, absorption is impaired and Cys C is
eliminated with the urine. Therefore, urinary Cystatin C levels can be used as a
marker of tubulus dysfunction.
Jahan N, Ferdousi S. Cystatin C-a Promising Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate[J]. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 2013, 6(1): 26-30.
12
Murty M S N, Sharma U K, Pandey V B, et al. Serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function in detection of early acute kidney injury[J]. Indian journal of nephrology, 2013,
23(3): 180.
13
CysC vs Creatinine
Features
CysC
Scr
concentration in blood
decided by glomerular
filtration
no
yes
yes
no
high
no
no
yes
no
yes
Jahan N, Ferdousi S. Cystatin C-a Promising Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate[J]. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 2013, 6(1): 26-30.
14
Clinical Applications
Early diagnosis of
kidney disease
Kidney transplant
Chronic Kidney
Disease (CKD)
CysC
High-risk of AKI
Kidney cirrhosis
15
2
Test item
Analytical
sensitivity
Sample
Cut-off
value
Measuring
range
CysC
0.5 mg/L
W.B/S/P
0.8-3.0 mg/L
0.5-20.0 mg/L
16
NGAL)
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(
Introduction
A. Structure of CysC
B. Significance of
CysC
Characteristics
1). 25KDa protein covalently bound to gelatinase from human neutrophils
2). Expressed in low levels in diverse human issues, including kidney
3). Increases in blood and urine within 2~4 hours after injury
4). Easily detected in uine
17
18
Clinical Applications
19
Test item
Analytical
sensitivity
Sample
Cut-off
value
Measuring
range
NGAL
50 ng/ml
Urine
135 ng/ml
50-1500 ng/ml
20
2-microglobulin(2MG)
Introduction
Characteristics
1). A small molecular presenting on all
nucleated cells.
2). Circulating 2M is cleared almost
exclusively by the kidney, where it is
freely filtered by the glomeruli, and
reabsorbed and metabolized in the
proximal tubules.
A. Structure of 2MG
Clinical Applications
Evaluation of the kidney diseases
Assessing the hypertension and kidney injury caused by
diabetic nephropathy(DN)
The evaluation for prognosis and therapeutic effect of
malignancies
Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease(PTLD)
Glomerular filtration function
Dynamic observation and diagnosis of the kidney
transplant rejection
Multiple myeloma (MM)
22
Test item
Analytical
sensitivity
Sample
Cut-off value
Measuring
range
2-MG
0.5mg/L
W.B/S/P
0.8-3.0mg/L
0.5-20.0mg/L
20
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